Journal articles: 'Doping analysis'

1

Thevis, Mario. "Anti-doping analysis." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 401, no. 2 (May 28, 2011): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5115-z.

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Yuan, Yuling, Youxuan Xu, and Jianghai Lu. "Dried blood spots in doping analysis." Bioanalysis 13, no. 7 (April 2021): 587–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2021-0019.

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A series of dried blood spot (DBS) detection methods for doping agents have been developed in the last two decades. The DBS technique minimizes invasiveness and reduces storage and shipping costs. Recently, the World Anti-Doping Agency announced the use of DBS for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Games owing to the advantages of the DBS application in routine doping control. Therefore the further development of detection methods for doping agents in DBS is important and urgent. This review summarizes five aspects of DBS application in doping analysis: sample collection, storage conditions, pretreatment, instrumentation and validation according to the Prohibited List issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency, and proposes some suggestions for future studies of DBS in doping analysis.

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Rivier, Laurent. "New Trends in Doping Analysis." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 56, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/000942902777680766.

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Thevis, M., J. Maurer, M. Kohler, H. Geyer, and W. Schänzer. "Proteases in Doping Control Analysis." International Journal of Sports Medicine 28, no. 7 (July 2007): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965159.

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5

Popović, Stanko. "Quantitative phase analysis by X-ray diffraction – Simple routes." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 34, no. 1 (March 23, 2015): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2015.643.

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The elemental composition of a multiphase material can be obtained by means of chemical and spectroscopic techniques. However, these techniques face a great difficulty in distinguishing the chemical identity of the phases present in the material and in derivation of the fractions of particular phases. X-ray powder diffraction seems to be an ideal technique for the analysis of a multiphase material. Each crystalline phase of the material gives its characteristic diffraction pattern independently of the other phases; this fact makes it possible to identify the phase of interest and to determine its fraction. The intensities of diffraction lines of a given phase are proportional to its fraction and an appropriate quantitative analysis can be performed after the application of the correction for the absorption of X-rays in the material. The principles of quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis of a multiphase material are presented, with a special attention paid to the doping methods. The following methods are described: (i) determination of the fraction of a phase using repeated dopings, (ii) determination of the fraction of a phase using a single doping, (iii) simultaneous determination of the fractions of several phases using a single doping; (iv) determination of the fraction of the dominant phase. The applicability of the doping methods is stated and the optimum conditions to minimize systematic errors are discussed. Recent approaches in quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis are also mentioned in short.

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Karthickprabhu, S., G. Hirankumar, S. Thanikaikarasan, and P. J. Sebastian. "Structural, Thermal and Electrical Conduction Studies on LiNiPO4: RE (RE= La, Nd) Prepared by Polyol Method." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 17, no. 3 (October 3, 2014): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v17i3.416.

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LiNiPO4 and LiNiPO4: xRE (RE = La, Nd) (x = 0.01 mol%, 0.03 mol%, 0.05 mol%, 0.07 mol%, 0.09 mol%) samples have been prepared by polyol method using 1, 2 propanediol as a polyol medium. XRD patterns have indicated that the pristine LiNiPO4 is well crystallized with orthorhombic structure pnma space group and structurally stable compound upon doping of rare earth metals. Functional group analyses have been carried out by FTIR spectroscopic analysis. TG analysis shows that no weight loss has been observed above 600°C for both Nd3+ and La3+ doped LiNiPO4. The morphology of the samples was analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy. The conductivity of LiNiPO4 was found to be improved by 2 orders by doping of rare earth ions. It is found that lanthanum is an excellent dopant for LiNiPO4 than neodymium due to the formation of free ion sites which causes the enhancement of conductivity. Dielectric studies support that doping of La3+ is favorable for conduction compared with Nd3+ doping.

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7

Kzara, Mohannad N., Mohammed H. Shaalan, and M. Farman. "Some Cardiac Indexes of Doping in Sport Comparative Analysis between Doping Users and Non-Doping Users." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/v11/i2/2020/ijphrd/195203.

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8

Sekulic, Damir, Natasa Zenic, Sime Versic, Dora Maric, Goran Gabrilo, and Mario Jelicic. "The Prevalence and Covariates of Potential Doping Behavior in Kickboxing; Analysis Among High-Level Athletes." Journal of Human Kinetics 59, no. 1 (October 20, 2017): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0148.

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AbstractThe official reports on doping behavior in kickboxing are alarming, but there have been no empirical studies that examined this problem directly. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, gender differences and covariates of potential-doping-behavior, in kickboxing athletes. A total of 130 high-level kickboxing athletes (92 males, 21.37 ± 4.83 years of age, 8.39 ± 5.73 years of training experience; 38 women, 20.31 ± 2.94 years of age; 9.84 ± 4.74 years of training experience) completed questionnaires to study covariates and potential-doping behavior. The covariates were: sport factors (i.e. experience, success), doping-related factors (i.e. opinion about penalties for doping users, number of doping testing, potential-doping-behavior, etc.), sociodemographic variables, task- and ego-motivation, knowledge on sports nutrition, and knowledge on doping. Gender-based differences were established by independent t-tests, and the Mann-Whitney test. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to define the relationships between covariates and a tendency toward potential-doping behavior (positive tendency – neutral – negative tendency). The potential-doping behavior was higher in those athletes who perceived kickboxing as doping contaminated sport. The more experienced kickboxers were associated with positive intention toward potential-doping behavior. Positive intention toward potential-doping behavior was lower in those who had better knowledge on sports nutrition. The task- and ego-motivation were not associated to potential-doping behavior. Because of the high potential-doping-behavior (less than 50% of athletes showed a negative tendency toward doping), and similar prevalence of potential-doping behavior between genders, this study highlights the necessity of a systematic anti-doping campaign in kickboxing. Future studies should investigate motivational variables as being potentially related to doping behavior in younger kickboxers.

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9

Sachenko, A. V. "Analysis of the silicon solar cells efficiency. Type of doping and level optimization." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 19, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo19.01.067.

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10

Prathap, P., J. Bartringer, and A. Slaoui. "Analysis of laser doping of silicon using different boron dopant sources." Applied Surface Science 302 (May 2014): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.01.071.

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11

Murray, Thomas H. "Ethical considerations in anti-doping analysis." Bioanalysis 4, no. 13 (July 2012): 1537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.12.140.

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12

Schamasch, Patrick, and Olivier Rabin. "Anti-doping analysis and the Olympics." Bioanalysis 4, no. 13 (July 2012): 1529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.12.144.

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13

Thevis, M., and W. Schanzer. "Mass Spectrometry in Doping Control Analysis." Current Organic Chemistry 9, no. 9 (June 1, 2005): 825–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272054038318.

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14

Mohan, Vijay, and Bharat Hazari. "Doping in Sport: An Economic Analysis." Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice 4, no. 1-2 (June 2005): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976747920050104.

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15

Gutiérrez-Gallego, R., E. Llop, J. Bosch, and J. Segura. "Surface plasmon resonance in doping analysis." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 401, no. 2 (March 30, 2011): 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4830-9.

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16

Baraker, Basavarajeshwari M., and Blaise Lobo. "Spectroscopic analysis of CdCl2 doped PVA–PVP blend films." Canadian Journal of Physics 95, no. 8 (August 2017): 738–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2016-0848.

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The changes in molecular chemical structure of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), caused by doping PVA–PVP blend with cadmium chloride (CdCl2), have been studied using ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The formation of cadmium nano-structures and microstructures in CdCl2-doped PVA–PVP blend has been visualized using scanning electron microscopy, in the range of doping levels varying from 0.5 up to 10.2 wt% (doping level in weight percentage). The incorporation of dopant in PVA–PVP blend is confirmed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The optical absorbance (UV-Vis) spectra of PVA–PVP blend films doped with CdCl2 from 0.5 up to 2.2 wt%, showed a prominent absorption hump with peak at the wavelength 370 nm, in addition to other intermediate energy bands caused by the interactions of CdCl2 with molecules of PVA and PVP. The photo-luminescence (emission and fluorescence) spectra show significant quenching of fluorescence in CdCl2-doped PVA–PVP blend films. Analysis of FTIR and Raman spectra suggest the possible modes of interaction of cadmium ions (Cd2+) and chlorine ions (Cl−) with reactive functional groups (C–N, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups) of polymeric molecules in the blend. A reaction scheme for interaction of CdCl2 with PVA–PVP blend is proposed, on the basis of spectroscopic studies on these films.

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17

Tong, Lin Xin, Jin Hong Li, and Jian Cao. "Synthesis and Characterization of Ti, Fe-Doped Mullite-I." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.163.

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A series of gels with 3Al2O3•2SiO2 were prepared by Sol-gel method and heated at several temperatures for 2 h to synthesize Ti, Fe-doped mullite. The powers were characterized by differential thermal analysis (DSC-TG) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Phase separation was promoted by doping both TiO2 and Fe2O3; with increasing the amount of dopant ions the formation temperature of Si-Al spinel decreased and the formation temperature of mullite increased by TiO2 doping but decreased by Fe2O3 doping. The formation temperature of pure mullite was about 1250-1350 °C.

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18

CHOUDHURY, SANDIP PAUL, DEBANJAN BHATTACHARJEE, and AYON BHATTACHARJEE. "HUMIDITY-DEPENDENT IMPEDANCE AND DFT ANALYSIS OF PURE AND Cu-DOPED SnO2 THIN FILMS." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 05 (July 2018): 1850106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18501068.

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Tin Oxide has been explored for gas sensing and humidity sensing. In the present work, pure and copper-doped SnO2 is synthesized by controlled spray pyrolysis technique. The films are homogeneous throughout. Rietveld analysis confirms the absence of other phases due to doping. The optical property is studied using UV-Visible spectroscopy which shows a change in the band gap with the introduction of the dopant. An elaborate impedance analysis is carried which showed the effect of doping. Cu-doped thin film showed a faster drop in the impedance when exposed to humidity. Significant change in the cole–cole plot is observed indicating better sensitivity with the doped sample in comparison to undoped. Higher humidity level from 80 to 92 RH is studied as it is important to detect the same in air conditioning systems, electronic devices, aviation systems and food processing systems. The equivalent circuit also reveals that the adsorption of water molecules on the surface of the thin films changes the impedance characteristics. Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is employed for the theoretical calculations and identifying the equivalent circuit. The charge transfer in the doped sample is subjected to lesser grain resistance according to theoretical calculation and experimental results. A density functional approach is employed to study the band structure and explain the influence of Cu doping on pure SnO2. The calculated result supports the use of Cu as a dopant for better humidity sensing device.

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19

Kaphle, Amrit, Travis Reed, Allen Apblett, and Parameswar Hari. "Doping Efficiency in Cobalt-Doped ZnO Nanostructured Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (April 24, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7034620.

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Nanostructured ZnO thin films doped with cobalt from 5% to 20% were grown on glass substrates by a low-temperature chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. We compared the doping efficiency of incorporating cobalt in ZnO nanostructured samples doped with cobalt via cobalt nitrate and cobalt chloride. The concentration of cobalt incorporated into the ZnO matrix was precisely determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that only at a 0.1 M ratio of the precursor solutions in CBD using cobalt nitrate as a dopant, the morphology of ZnO yielded hexagonally shaped nanorods. At a 1 M ratio of the precursor solutions, SEM images showed that the morphology of ZnO was nanoplatelets at all doping levels, irrespective of the doping method used. The synthesized nanostructures retained the wurtzite hexagonal structure only at 0.1 M precursor solution using cobalt nitrate doping, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. In cobalt-doped samples using cobalt chloride as a dopant, XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a Simonkolleite structure. At 300°C, the Simonkolleite structure was converted to a wurtzite structure without changing the morphology. Electrical conductivity measurements at 300 K showed that ZnO nanorods doped with cobalt using cobalt nitrate yielded the lowest resistivity. The molarity of the precursor solution and dopant was found to have a substantial impact on the morphology and doping efficiency of the ZnO nanostructures.

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20

Kato, Tomohisa, Tomonori Miura, Keisuke Wada, Eiji Hozomi, Hiroyoshi Taniguchi, Shin Ichi Nishizawa, and Kazuo Arai. "Defect and Growth Analysis of SiC Bulk Single Crystals with High Nitrogen Doping." Materials Science Forum 556-557 (September 2007): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.556-557.239.

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In this study, we report defect analysis in 4H-SiC crystals of high nitrogen doping grown by sublimation method, and we discuss key points for defect restraint. The growth was performed in two kinds of growth directions; c-axis and a-axis. In the c-axis grown crystal with carrier density greater than 1×10-19cm-3, defect propagation was confirmed in the vertical direction for a growth direction affected by the doping by x-ray topography. This phenomenon was not observed in the a-axis grown crystals. In sublimation growth, the quantity of impurities tends to increase as growth rate decreases. Therefore, in the c-axis growth of doped 4H-SiC bulk crystals, we have to be careful so that dopant does not increase too much without intention in grown layers with lower growth rate, for example at the beginning and end of the growth.

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21

Degtyarev, M. V. "Court Practice Analysis in Cases of Doping in Sport." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 10 (November 9, 2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.107.10.093-101.

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The paper is devoted to the study of the possibilities of developing conceptual approaches to create a legal definition of the concept of “sports-doping drug”. Foreign court practice is examined in order to identify legal positions that suggest ways to improve the definition of the concept of «sports doping». The author explains that in the field of preventing and eliminating the illegal use of doping in sport, the administrative potential of the current state regulation is exhaustive in the framework of the modern paradigm, it has limitations to improve the efficiency of administrative and restrictive measures. The paper describes a set of regulatory and empirical materials developed by the author to develop a theoretical framework for a homologated (for new challenges and requirements) legal definition of the term “sports doping agents”. The author gives a legal definition of this concept. The legislation of 33 foreign countries became the regulatory basis of the study. The court practice of 16 foreign countries became the empirical basis of the study. Based on the aforementioned regulatory and empirical foundations, using the methods indicated at the beginning of the paper, the author has developed an author’s conceptual and in-depth legal definition of the term “sports doping agents”, which can significantly improve state regulation in this field.

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22

Protti, Michele, Roberto Mandrioli, and Laura Mercolini. "Perspectives and strategies for anti-doping analysis." Bioanalysis 11, no. 3 (February 2019): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2018-0290.

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23

Teale, Phil, Chris Barton, Philip M. Driver, and Richard G. Kay. "Biomarkers: unrealized potential in sports doping analysis." Bioanalysis 1, no. 6 (September 2009): 1103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.09.87.

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24

Harrison, Christopher R. "The analytical challenges of anti-doping analysis." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 405, no. 30 (September 17, 2013): 9615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7352-9.

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25

Delbeke, F. T., and P. De Backer. "Threshold level for theophylline in doping analysis." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 687, no. 1 (December 1996): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(96)00275-7.

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Halidou, I., Z. Benzarti, T. Boufaden, and B. El Jani. "Thermodynamic analysis of Si doping in GaN." Superlattices and Microstructures 40, no. 4-6 (October 2006): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2006.09.023.

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27

Thevis, Mario, and Wilhelm Schänzer. "Detection of SARMs in doping control analysis." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 464 (March 2018): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.040.

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Kintz, P., V. Cirimele, V. Dumestre-Toulet, and B. Ludes. "Doping control for nandrolone using hair analysis." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 24, no. 5-6 (March 2001): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00570-7.

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29

&NA;. "19-norsteroids: doping, Internet, toxicology and analysis." European Journal of Emergency Medicine 8, no. 1 (March 2001): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063110-200103000-00044.

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30

Thevis, Mario. "The 34thManfred Donike Workshop on Doping Analysis." Drug Testing and Analysis 8, no. 11-12 (November 2016): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.2117.

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31

de Boer, D., and RAA Maes. "The Relevance of Epitestosterone in Doping Analysis." Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 15, no. 2 (April 1993): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-199304000-00138.

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32

Paitya, N., and K. P. Ghatak. "Analysis of Screening Length in Doping Superlattices." Quantum Matter 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/qm.2016.1272.

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33

Van Look, L. "Analysis of anabolics and other doping agents." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 7, no. 9 (October 1988): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(88)90020-9.

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Weidow, J., E. Halwax, and W. D. Schubert. "Analysis of WC with increased Ta doping." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 51 (July 2015): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.03.001.

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35

Aguilar-Navarro, Millán, Juan Jose Salinero, Jesus Muñoz-Guerra, María del Mar Plata, and Juan Del Coso. "Sport-Specific Use of Doping Substances: Analysis of World Anti-Doping Agency Doping Control Tests between 2014 and 2017." Substance Use & Misuse 55, no. 8 (March 18, 2020): 1361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2020.1741640.

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36

Meier, Henk Erik, Anica Rose, and Martin Hölzen. "Spirals of Signification? A Corpus Linguistic Analysis of the German Doping Discourse." Communication & Sport 5, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 352–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479515610151.

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Based on the idea that the political success of the anti-doping movement might be reflected in an increasing moralization of media discourses, the article traces long-term trends in the German doping discourse. Thus, a unique text corpus covering the period between 1950 and 2009 is analyzed using a corpus linguistic (CL) approach. It is shown that attention for doping has heavily increased and that doping has been marked as a persistent and widespread problem subject to permanent efforts of mitigation. However, there is little evidence for more alarmist moralizations. While quantitative CL techniques proved useful for tracing long-term changes in language use, assessing the role of media within the political economy of the moral regulation of doping requires a more ambitious mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. Nevertheless, the use of CL by scholars of sport communication is recommended, as CL methods are able to process large amounts of digitized data and are quite flexible in theoretical terms.

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Shkir, Mohd, M. S. Al-Kotb, I. S. Yahia, T. Alshahrani, S. Alfaify, and M. M. Abutalib. "Microwave synthesis of Zn:Mn:PbI2 micro-size nanosheets and their characterizations." Materials Science-Poland 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2020-0034.

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AbstractHerein, we are reporting, for the first time, a microwave-assisted synthesis of lead iodide (PbI2) nanosheets (NSs) with codoping of Zn and Mn, confirmed by SEM/EDX. In the co-doping Mn concentration was kept at a constant level (i.e. 15 %) while Zn concentration was varied from 1 wt.% to 10 wt.%. The morphological analysis confirming presence of the dopant was done through SEM/EDX. The single phase and polytypic nature of NSs were established by XRD and FT-Raman examinations. Homogeneous doping of Mn and Zn in prepared PbI2 NSs was confirmed by SEM mapping analysis. The dielectric and electrical properties were measured by preparing a compact pellet of NSs at 49820 Pa pressure. The dielectric constant and electrical conductivity were enhanced by Zn:Mn co-doping in PbI2. The radiation activity was tested by cesium-137 (137Cs) radioactive source and its increase resulting from the doping was observed. The enhanced properties suggest that the prepared NSs may be useful in electro-optic and radiation detection device applications.

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Aghgonbad, Maryam Motallebi, and Hassan Sedghi. "Optical and Electronic Analysis of Pure and Fe-Doped ZnO Thin Films Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Kramers–Kronig Method." International Journal of Nanoscience 18, no. 01 (January 24, 2019): 1850013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x18500138.

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In the present work, pure and Fe-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by sol–gel method. Zinc acetate and iron nitrate were used as the starting material and dopant source, respectively. The concentration of Fe doping was 6[Formula: see text]at.% and 8[Formula: see text]at.%. The optical and electronic properties of pure and Fe-doped ZnO thin films such as refraction index, extinction coefficient, dielectric function and optical band gap energy of the layers were obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry method in the wavelength range of 300–900[Formula: see text]nm. The incidence angle of the layers kept 70[Formula: see text]. Also data obtained by Kramers–Kronig relations were used for comparison. The influence of Fe-doping concentration on the optical and electronic properties of thin films was studied. The transmittance data of ZnO thin films showed that 6[Formula: see text]at.% Fe-doped ZnO thin film has the highest transmittance value. Dielectric function of pure ZnO films was found to be higher compared with Fe-doped ones. Also it can be deduced from the results that Fe doping influences the optical band gap energy of thin films.

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Zenic, Natasa, Mia Peric, Nada G. Zubcevic, Zdenko Ostojic, and Ljerka Ostojic. "Comparative Analysis of Substance Use in Ballet, Dance Sport, and Synchronized Swimming: Results of a Longitudinal Study." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2010.2015.

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There have been few studies comparing substance use and misuse (SU&M) in different performing arts forms. Herein, we identified and compared SU&M in women studying an art (ballet, n = 21), a non-Olympic sport (dance sport, n = 25), and an Olympic sport (synchronized swimming, n = 23). The sample of variables comprised general, educational, and sport factors, as well as SU&M data, including consumption of opiates, cigarettes, alcohol, nutritional supplements, doping behaviors, and beliefs. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, we found no significant differences between study groups in potential doping behaviors. Most of the examinees reported that they did not rely on physicians’ and/or coaches’ opinions regarding doping. Only sport dancers recognized their consumption of cannabis as a violation of anti-doping rules. Those more convinced that doping habits are present in their sport (or art) have a certain tendency toward doping usage. In conclusion, a strong anti-doping campaign within the studied arts is suggested, focusing on the health-related problems of SU&M.

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Villamagua, Luis, Richard Rivera, Darwin Castillo, and Manuela Carini. "A quantum chemical analysis of Zn and Sb doping and co-doping in SnO2." AIP Advances 7, no. 10 (October 2017): 105010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4999014.

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Li, Shuai, Peng Wu, Bai Tong Zhao, and Wen Xiu Gao. "Germanium Doping and Impurities Analysis on Industrial Scale Mc-Silicon Ingot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 164 (April 2012): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.164.207.

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With mc-silicon (multi-crystalline silicon) being the most favorable feedstock for solar cell, germanium was reported to be a promising dopant to improve the quality of silicon crystal growth. In this paper, we investigated the feasibility of germanium doping for industrial scale production. A homogeneously distribution of germanium across usable section is presented, and subsequently we optimized our recipe for better controlling it. Sopori etched pits were utilized to reveal dislocations in silicon wafers, and we found a reduced dislocations density in germanium doped samples. Carbon and oxygen are two inevitable significant impurities during silicon ingot casting. In this paper, experimental results showed the impact of carbon on minority charge carrier lifetime and on interstitial oxygen. In addition, Isostatic pressing method is proved to be very prospective for recycling quartz crucibles.

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Sandvik, Morten Renslo, Åse Strandbu, and Sigmund Loland. "Talking Doping: A Frame Analysis of Communication About Doping Among Talented, Young, Norwegian Road Cyclists." Sociology of Sport Journal 34, no. 2 (June 2017): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2016-0073.

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In everyday communication, participants can critically explore their understanding of morally complex phenomena. There has been little effort within the social sciences to provide insight into whether and how athletes communicate among themselves about morally contested topics. This study attempts to fill this gap in the literature. Through focus group interviews and with the help of Goffman’s frame analysis, we explore how a group of young, Norwegian road cyclists communicates about doping. The article demonstrates that this communication is strongly norm-regulated and often appears as brief, assertive, and evasive. We show how the communication reflects a hegemonic discourse of doping as immoral and inexcusable. We conclude that this discourse limits explorative communication and may limit young athletes’ preparation for doping-related dilemmas and social pressures.

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Devcic, Sime, Jakob Bednarik, Dora Maric, Sime Versic, Damir Sekulic, Zvonimir Kutlesa, Antonino Bianco, Jelena Rodek, and Silvester Liposek. "Identification of Factors Associated with Potential Doping Behavior in Sports: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in High-Level Competitive Swimmers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081720.

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Background: Doping behavior, including the misuse of performance-enhancing drugs, is currently a serious problem in sports, and the efficacy of preventive efforts directly depends on information regarding the associations among different precipitating factors (PF) and doping behavior. This study aimed to establish the PF of potential doping behavior (PDB) in competitive swimmers. Methods: The study included 301 swimmers from Slovenia (153 females, 16.4 ± 2.4 years), tested during the 2017 National Championship. Variables were collected by previously validated questionnaires, which included questions on sociodemographics, sports-related factors, consumption of dietary supplements, knowledge of doping, factors of hesitation, and doping-related factors (i.e., number of doping tests, opinion about the presence of doping in sport). The PDB (positive, neutral, or negative intention toward doping) was observed as a criterion, while other variables were included as predictors in multinomial regression analyses (with “negative” as reference value), which additionally controlled for gender and age category (cadet-, junior-, and senior-level) as confounders. Results: The results confirmed higher susceptibility to doping in males (positive: odds ratio (OR): 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–6.04), those swimmers who reported higher alcohol consumption (neutral: OR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.06–4.16, positive: OR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.05–4.37), and those regularly used dietary supplements (positive: OR: 3.62, 95%CI: 1.25–10.52). Competitive achievement in Olympic- (neutral: OR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.41–0.81, positive: OR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.39–0.88), and non-Olympic disciplines (positive: OR: 0.54, 95%CI: 0.35–0.83) was protective against PDB. Swimmers who were more concerned about the negative social consequences of doping behavior (i.e., condemnation by family and friends) were less likely to declare a positive intention toward the PDB (family condemnation: OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.56–0.86, friends’ condemnation: OR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.52–0.80). Conclusions: The results of the study provide more precise insight into the specific factors associated with PDB in swimming. The established precipitating factors should be incorporated into targeted anti-doping campaigns in this sport.

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Suwan, Mantana, Pantip Sakchaikul, Sorachon Yoriya, and Sitthisuntorn Supothina. "Effect of Firing Temperature and Mo Doping on the Synthesis of Solar-Reflective Sm₂Ce₂O₇ Yellow Pigment." Key Engineering Materials 659 (August 2015): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.175.

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Solar-reflective yellow pigment was synthesized by a solid-state reaction of the Sm2O3 and CeO2 in the presence of the (NH4)6Mo7O24 employed for the Mo doping. The raw materials were wet milled in acetone for 6 h to acheive a homogeneous slurry followed by calcination at 1100, 1300 and 1500 °C for 6 h. The effect of the Mo doping was investigated by adding 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 wt.% (NH4)6Mo7O24. XRD analysis of the undoped product revealed the formation of Sm2Ce2O7 at 1300 °C along with the unreacted Sm2O3 and CeO2, and revealed the completed reaction at 1500 °C. The addition of (NH4)6Mo7O24 resulted in the formation of Sm2Ce2-xMoxO7+δ, where x = 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 depending on the amount of the Mo dopant employed. The doping also significantly affected the product’s color; it turned from ivory white to yellow with the increase of dopant content up to 20 wt.% and became dark green afterward. Increasing firing temperature from 1100 to 1500 °C led to brighter yellow due to the substitution of Mo6+ for Ce4+. At the optimum synthesis condition, i.e. 20 wt.% doping and 1500 °C firing temperature, the product was most yellowish and had 69.2 % near-infrared reflectance.

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Wang, Hui E., Wei Zhang, Rui Qi Shen, Ying Hua Ye, and Li Zhi Wu. "Research of the Reactivity Photoacoustic Characteristics of PETN and HNS Induced by Laser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.479.

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The reactivity photoacoustic technology was used to detect the laser induced photoacoustic spectroscopy characteristics of explosives (PETN and HNS). The results showed that: the reflectivity of pure PETN and HNS under laser irradiation was large and the photoacoustic signal was weak. After doping with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB), the reflectivity decreased. The photothermal conversion and the optical absorption coefficient rate increased and the photoacoustic signal enhanced. For the same sample, the intensity of the signal was proportional to the incident laser energy. For the same explosives and under the same doping amount, the photoacoustic signal of the CNTs doped sample is greater than that of the CB doped sample. For the same sample and the same dopant, the greater the amount of doping, the stronger the photoacoustic signal. There was optimum ignition energy. By using TG-DSC technology for thermal analysis of the samples, the results from the thermal analysis could explain the reactivity photoacoustic experiment.

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Samoshkin, Vladlen, Victor Meleshko, and Artem Yakovenko. "DOPING IN SPORTS AND WAYS COMBATING VIOLATIONS ANTI-DOPING LEGISLATION." Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper 1 (2020): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32540/2071-1476-2019-1-142.

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Introduction and purpose of the study. In article to perform that doping is one of the serious of problem of modern sport. Defines important questions regarding antidoping rules and anti-doping control in sport. Given the promising solutions to the problems of doping in Ukraine. It is an extremely complex because it involves the interrelated medical, legal, political, moral, organizational, social and pedagogical aspects. To use the doping is the same to spread and the most to chase’s infringement of the law in branch of sport which to lie in the area of several fields by law. Just for this offence to foresee the several kinds of responsibility at the same time-administrative, civic. discipline’s and is particular event the criminal. The hypothesis of the study lies in the fact that in modern Olympics sport to observe the tendency of introduction in quality of doping by new improved substances and methods, gene and cellular doping and other achievement by medicine and biology. And according constantly to widen a list of drugs and methods WADA-AMA which inclusive three measures of inhibition: complete forbidden, forbidden only on the match and the drugs what limited at kinds of sport. Experts of Olympics sport by Ukraine would be constancy monitoring that tendencies and to improve of legislative and normative-legal base and infrastructure of the anti-doping policy which should be brought in line with modern international standards. The aim of the research is to determine the parents’ attitude to systematize the modern knowledge about the ways of effective counteraction to infringe by anti-doping legislation. Methods. Analysis, synthesis and systematization of scientific literature data and materials from the Internet. Results. The analysis of literary sources has found the next. To suppose that the partial modification’ athletes on the gene and cellular level will be appearance earlier than will be official to approve of cellular technologies treatment by ills. The world anti-doping code to action joint with International standards as documents what to concern by of all constituent part doping checkup that nostrified in Ukraine. By effort of WADA-AMA to exploit a new analytic methods to research of human growth hormone and biomarkers of gene doping and steroid profile of athletes. A list complete forbidden by WADA-AMA of drugs and methods include: anabolic mediators, hormones and modulators of metabolism, diuretics and camouflage agents, beta-2 agonists, peptide hormones and factors of growth, to manipulate with blood and urine, genetics doping (sexual modifications). The drugs that forbidden only on the match: stimulates, narcotics, cannabinoids, steroid hormones glucocorticoids. The drugs what limited at kinds of sport: beta-blocks. Method of doping checkup as analysis by proofs of biological passport athlete what to put together with steroid, hematological and endocrinology modules, don’t substitution traditional doping checkup by method search of forbidden substances in specimens but to add its. The underline what adversary of doping to insist on therefore that ergolitic substances and methods to kill the just idea of “fair play” - the moral code of world sport. According to code on the start all athletes must to have equal chances on the victory. Conclusions. Defines such class from forbidden WADA-AMA from a list of drugs and methods what is: complete forbidden; forbidden only on the match; limited the kinds of sport and frequency offence there for internal use. Defines that analysis by proofs of biological passport athlete to add the traditional doping checkup. To accentuate on the fact that doping pursuit to threaten for social functions of sport. Key words: doping, athlete, sport, anti-doping measures

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Feng, Shuai, Lichuan Zhao, Qingzhu Zhang, Pengpeng Yang, Zhaoyun Tang, Cinan Wu, and Jiang Yan. "A simulation analysis of performance of both implanted doping and in situ doping ETSOI PMOSFETs." Journal of Semiconductors 36, no. 4 (April 2015): 046001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/36/4/046001.

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Nishizawa, Shin Ichi, and Michel Pons. "Numerical Analysis of Growth Condition on SiC-CVD in the Horizontal Hot-Wall Reactor." Materials Science Forum 483-485 (May 2005): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.483-485.53.

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Growth, etching, and doping features of SiC-CVD in a horizontal hot-wall reactor were numerically analyzed using the improved heterogeneous model. The improved model was able to explain the growth and etching features accurately. In addition, we propose the surface flux, surface carbon and silicon concentration, and its ratio as the universal parameter of the SiC-CVD process. Concerning doping features, the improved model showed that nitrogen and aluminum doping incorporation could be explained by the site competition model, while taking into account the amount of surface silicon and surface carbon, respectively.

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UEKI, Makoto. "Recent Movement of International Standardization in Doping Analysis." Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3408/jafst.10.1.

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Ryoo, Hyun-Ji, and Sang-Hoon Suh. "Importance of athletic performance analysis in Anti-doping." Journal of Coaching Development 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47684/jcd.2020.09.22.3.55.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Doping analysis'

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