Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dose activity relation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Dose activity relation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Dose activity relation"

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Lee, I.-Min. "Dose-Response Relation Between Physical Activity and Fitness." JAMA 297, no. 19 (May 16, 2007): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.19.2137.

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Proper, K. I. "Dose-response relation between physical activity and sick leave." British Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.022327.

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Toplan, S., D. Ozcelik, and M. C. Akyolcu. "Study on relation between fibrinolytic activity and different dose lithium applications." Trace Elements and Electrolytes 20, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/tep20208.

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MARK, AMY E., and IAN JANSSEN. "Dose-Response Relation between Physical Activity and Blood Pressure in Youth." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, no. 6 (June 2008): 1007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318169032d.

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Xiang, Man, Xiangli Gu, Xiaoxia Zhang, Samantha Moss, Chaoqun Huang, Larry Paul Nelson, and Tao Zhang. "Psychosocial Mechanism of Adolescents’ Depression: A Dose-Response Relation with Physical Activity." Children 7, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7040037.

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Depression has become the most prevalent mental health problem in developing countries, and especially among adolescents. Lubans and his colleagues proposed a psychosocial mechanism to understand the trajectory of mental health (i.e., depression). Thus, this study aimed (1) to examine the relations between different doses of physical activity (PA), light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), and vigorous PA (VPA), academic self-efficacy, and depression among adolescents, and (2) to investigate the direct and indirect relations of various doses of PA to depression through academic self-efficacy among middle school adolescents. Participants were 428 (235 boys, Mean age = 13.7) adolescents recruited from two middle schools in China. They completed previously validated questionnaires to measure different intensity levels of PA (LPA, MPA, and VPA), academic self-efficacy, and depression. There were significant associations of academic self-efficacy with three different doses of PA (p < 0.01). Both LPA and MPA were negatively associated with depression but not VPA. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed a well-fit model suggesting the psychosocial pathway from different doses of PA to depression through academic self-efficacy. Findings of this study indicated that academic self-efficacy regulates adolescents’ depression. Tailoring different intensities of PA benefits adolescents’ academic self-efficacy by framing the positive and supportive environment in schools, which can potentially reduce the prevalence of depression during adolescence.
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LEE, I.-MIN, and PATRICK J. SKERRETT. "Physical activity and all-cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation?" Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33, Supplement (June 2001): S459—S471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200106001-00016.

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Sapkota, Sanjeeb, Michelle M. Yore, and Harold W. Kohl. "Walking, Physical Activity and Lipid/ Lipoprotein Relation - Is There a Dose Response?" Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): S303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02182.

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Barlow, Carolyn E., Shannon J. FitzGerald, Benjamin L. Willis, Harold W. Kohl, and William L. Haskell. "Dose-response Relation Of Physical Activity Volume And Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Men." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000354088.41618.f6.

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Xu, Lin, Chao Qiang Jiang, Tai Hing Lam, Wei Sen Zhang, G. Neil Thomas, and Kar Keung Cheng. "Dose-Response Relation Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study." Annals of Epidemiology 21, no. 11 (November 2011): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.06.002.

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Biradar, Yogesh S., Sheetal Jagatap, K. R. Khandelwal, and Smita S. Singhania. "Exploring of Antimicrobial Activity of TriphalaMashi—AnAyurvedicFormulation." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 5, no. 1 (2008): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nem002.

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TriphalaMashiis an ayurvedic formulation that was prepared in our lab. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of both Triphala and TriphalaMashiwere used, to evaluate antimicrobial activity. Comparative phytochemical profile of Triphala and TriphalaMashiwas done by preliminary phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antimicrobial activity includes isolation of pathogens from clinical samples, its characterization, testing its multiple drug resistance against standard antibiotics and antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of both Triphala and TriphalaMashiagainst these organisms by using agar gel diffusion method. TriphalaMashicontaining phenolic compounds, tannins exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity in relation to Triphala against all the microorganisms tested. It inhibits the dose-dependent growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, it appears that TriphalaMashihas non-specific antimicrobial activity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dose activity relation"

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François, Pascal. "Etude dosimétrique rétrospective chez des enfants ayant fait une seconde tumeur après radiothérapie." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30075.

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Vasseur, Maryse. "Sensibilité de la cellule Bêta du pancréas de souris aux antagonistes calciques : étude électrophysiologique des effets du vérapamil, de la nifédipine et du bépridil." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2301.

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Dadoun, Moreau Christine. "Etude expérimentale de la néphrotoxicité d'un agent antitumoral, le méthyl-2 hydroxy-9 ellipticinium, chez le rat." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES024.

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Nagnan, Patricia. "Le role des terpenes du bois dans les relations entre les termites du genre reticulitermes (isoptera) et leur plante-hote en saintonge, pinus pinaster." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077127.

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Etude des extraits pentaniques de differents organes de p. P. En cours de degradation par chromatographie-spectrometrie. L'action des terpenes volatils sur les termites est quantifiee: toxicite et attractivite. L'alpha -pinene est toxique a forte dose, attractif a faible dose. L'alpha -terpeneol apparait au cours de la degradation. Le role des terpenes du pin dans l'expansion des societes de termites est dose-dependant: les fortes doses de terpenes secretees par le bois sain empeche l'installation des termites. L'arret des secretions et l'apparition de nouveaux composes favorisent l'attaque des souches de bois mort
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Benmehdi, Houcine. "Synthèse des molécules à double activité anti-PAF et anti-VIH." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077178.

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La recherche des molécules capables d'inhiber d'une part la réplication du VIH-1 chez les monocytes dérives des macrophages et d'autre part l'agrégation plaquettaire induite par le PAF est le principal objectif de notre travail. Dans cette optique, deux classes de 4-aminopipéridines trisubstituées en position 3 par une fonction carbamate et uréate et en position 2 par une fonction carbamate ont été synthétisées, contrairement à la littérature, nous avons réussi à isoler les (3-aminoester et nitrile avec une aminé libre. Une amidification régiosélective de cette aminé offre deux couples de distéréoisomères qui sont facilement séparés et identifiés. Les tests anti-PAF de nos molécules donnent des résultats très intéressants avec une CIso de l'ordre de la micromole. En outre, les tests préliminaires anti-VIH montrent que la majorité de nos produits présentent une bonne activité sur la réplication virale avec une cytotoxicité assez élevée. Ce travail a été complété par une étude de modélisation moléculaire afin de comprendre le mécanisme d'action et rechercher la conformation la plus active vis-à-vis des récepteurs
The search of molecules able to diminish both HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophage and PAF-induced platelet aggregation was the major aim of our work. In this field, and in the first part, two new classes of 4-aminopiperidines trisubstituted by groups bearing either in position 3 a carbamate or an ureide function and in position 2 by a carbamate group have been synthesized. Differently from published works, the corresponding (3-aminoester or nitrile with free primary amine could be isolated. A regioselective amidification of the amino group offered two couples of diastereoisomers which were successfully separated and identified. PAF-receptor antagonist activity measurement gave interesting results with ICso close to the micromolar. Whereas, preliminary evaluation results of the HIV-1 activity indicated that our synthesized compounds showed a good activity and a high cytotoxicity. This study has been completed by a molecular modelling part of these compounds in order to characterise the active conformation(s) involved in this cavity
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Qiu, Bao Die. "Does Chinese first lady matter in diplomacy? :a comparative study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953877.

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Marvalin, Olivier. "ABONDANCEcr, BIOMASSE, ACTIVITE ET RELATIONS TROPHIQUES DES COMMUNAUTES BACTERIENNES HETEROTROPHES DU LAC D'AYDAT (PUY DE DOME) : contribution a l'etude du fonctionnement des systemes aquatiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21086.

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Vila, Verde Daniela Catarina Madaleno. "Imagem mediática e activismo social: os exemplos dos clientes lesados do BPN e do BES." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14393.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Em Comunicação Social - vertente de Comunicação Estratégica
O presente estudo pretende compreender qual o papel dos media e dos PRP como promotores das reivindicações dos activistas lesados do BPN e do BES. Pretendemos identificar o conjunto de clientes lesados de ambas as instituições, compreender o que motiva ou não a cobertura mediática das acções desenvolvidas por estes grupos e compreender também qual a importância que o PRP ou porta-voz assume como promotor da comunicação e acções do grupo de activistas lesados das instituições em estudo. A presente dissertação tem por base uma abordagem metodológica mista ancorada no recurso as técnicas de recolha de informação como o clipping e as entrevistas semi-estruturadas a informadores qualificados, respectivas análises quantitativa e interpretativa. Este estudo permitiu-nos concluir que os porta-voz dos grupos de activistas, apesar de não serem formados em comunicação nem em relações públicas, desempenham funções de PRP, na medida em que asseguram a relação entre os públicos lesados e outras instituições, tratam da assessoria da comunicação e planeiam estratégias com vista à promoção mediática. O conflito existente nas manifestações foi por vezes provocado pelos lesados de forma a atrair a cobertura mediática, o que nos leva a crer que estes grupos estão conscientes da importância dos critérios de noticiabilidade para se promoverem no espaço mediático. Os media, por sua vez, são importantes na promoção das reivindicações do grupo de lesados porque lhes dão voz e permitem-lhes ter uma maior força de mobilização.
The present study aims to comprehend what is the role of the media and the PRP, as claim promoters of both injured activists, BPN and BES. We intend to identify the injured customers of both institutions, to understand what motivates or not the media coverage of their actions, and to comprehend the importance the PRP or spokesperson has as a communication and actions promoter to the injured activists. This study will also be presented with a mixed methodological approach anchored in information-gathering techniques such as clipping and the semi-structured interviews to qualified informants and their quantitative and interpretive reviews. This study allowed us to reach the conclusion that the appointed spokesperson of each injured activists acts as a true PRP, assuring the relation between the injured and other institutions, doing communications consulting and devising strategies to increase media exposure and coverage. Many of the conflicts seen on each rally were provoked to attract the media, which led us to believe that these groups are well aware of what makes something news in order to promote themselves in every media outlet. The media, in return, are a great help and very important because they give the injured groups a chance to be heard, and with that they allow them to gain a bigger influence on the public opinion.
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Kabeya, Luciana Mariko. "Estudo do efeito de cumarinas simples no metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos de coelho: aspectos metodológicos, avaliação da atividade e da sua relação com a toxicidade e com propriedades físico-químicas dos compostos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60131/tde-30032004-084148/.

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Os neutrófilos desempenham um papel fundamental na defesa do organismo contra microrganismos invasores, através da fagocitose, da degranulação e da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), sendo que esta última é decorrente da ativação do metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos. As EROs produzidas, tais como O2∙-, H2O2, HO∙, HOCl, 1O2 e NO, que são essenciais para matar os microrganismos fagocitados, podem também ser liberadas para o meio extracelular e causar lesões oxidativas aos tecidos do hospedeiro. Essas lesões têm sido implicadas na patogênese de doenças como aterosclerose, câncer, artrite reumatóide, pneumonia e enfisema pulmonar. Com o intuito de prevenir essas lesões oxidativas, tem-se investigado a atividade antioxidante de diversos compostos, especialmente os derivados de plantas. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as atividades de oito cumarinas simples (compostos 1 a 8) sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos de coelho estimulados com Zimosan opsonizado, empregando-se os ensaios de quimioluminescência (QL) dependente de lucigenina (QLluc) e de QL dependente de luminol (QLlum). A QLluc reflete a produção apenas de O2∙- , enquanto que a QLlum é resultante da oxidação do luminol pelas diversas EROs produzidas pelos neutrófilos estimulados. Assim, a inibição da QLluc e da QLlum será decorrente da redução da concentração das EROs responsáveis pela oxidação da lucigenina e do luminol no meio de reação, respectivamente. Foram avaliadas também a atividade dos antioxidantes a-tocoferol, butil-hidroxitolueno (BHT) e quercetina sobre a QLlum e a QLluc, e a toxicidade das cumarinas 1 a 8 e dos três antioxidantes citados sobre os neutrófilos de coelho. Determinou-se o coeficiente de partição e o volume molecular das cumarinas 1 a 8. Dentre os três antioxidantes, observou-se que a quercetina inibiu tanto a QLlum quanto a QLluc, e não foi tóxica para os neutrófilos, na concentração de 50 mmol/L. O a-tocoferol não inibiu a QLlum nem a QLluc, enquanto o BHT foi tóxico para os neutrófilos de coelho. Para as cumarinas simples, observou-se que: (1) a cumarina 1 não apresentou atividade inibitória sobre a QLluc e sobre a QLlum; (2) as cumarinas 3, 4, 5 e 6 tiveram atividades inibitórias sobre a QLluc semelhantes à da quecetina, que foram maiores que as das cumarinas 2, 7 e 8; (3) as atividades inibitórias das cumarinas 2 a 8 sobre a QLluc não estão relacionadas à lipofilicidade e ao volume molecular desses compostos, nem à toxicidade dos mesmos sobre os neutrófilos de coelho; (4) as cumarinas 3 e 4 provocaram aumento da QLlum medida, enquanto as demais não tiveram atividade neste sistema.
Neutrophils play a crucial role in the defense of the organism against invading microorganisms, thorough phagocytosis, degranulation and generation of reactive oxygen species (EROS). The last one is a consequence of activation of neutrophils\' oxidative metabolism. The produced EROs, such as O2∙-, H2O2, HOCl, HO∙, 1O2 and NO, which are essential for killing phagocyted microorganisms, may also be released to the extracellular milieu and inflict oxidative damage to host tissues. This damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, pneumonia and lung emphysema. The antioxidant activity of many compounds, especially those obtained from plants, has been investigated with the aim of avoid such oxidative damage. In this work, we studied the activity of eight simple coumarins (compounds 1 to 8) on the oxidative metabolism of rabbit neutrophils upon stimulation by opsonized zymosan, using luminol- (QLlum) and lucigenin (QLluc)-enhanced chemiluminescence (QL) assays. QLluc reflects generation of O2∙- only, whereas QLlum is a result of luminol oxidation by the various EROs produced by the stimulated neutrophils. Inhibition of QLluc and of QLlum will be a consequence of the decrease of the concentration of that EROs which are involved in the oxidation of lucigenin and luminol, respectively, in the reaction medium. We also evaluated the activity of the antioxidants a-tocopherol, butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT) and quercetin on QLlum and QLluc, and the toxicity of coumarins 1 to 8 and the three antioxidants on rabbit neutrophils. Partition coefficient and molecular volume values of coumarins 1 to 8 were determined. We observed that, among the three antioxidants, quercetin inhibited QLlum and QLluc, and was not toxic to the neutrophils at concentration of 50 mmol/L. BHT was toxic to the rabbit neutrophils whereas a-tocopherol did not inhibit QLlum nor QLluc. For the simple coumarins we observed that: (1) coumarin 1 did not inhibit QLlum nor QLluc; (2) coumarins 3, 4, 5 and 6 had inhibitory effects, which were similar to the quercetin and higher than coumarins 2, 7 and 8; (3) the inhibitory activities of coumarins 2 to 8 on QLluc were not related to the lipophilicity and to the molecular volume of these compounds, nor to their toxicity upon the rabbit neutrophils; (4) coumarins 3 and 4 increased the QLlum, whereas the others had no effect on this system.
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Books on the topic "Dose activity relation"

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Tyernovaya, Lyudmila. Gastronomic geopolitics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/999872.

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The more diverse and rich a person's life is, the more areas of activity, different sides of reality he comes into contact with. People get a lot of resources from them, but at the same time each such sphere has its own vulnerability and is able to create threats to the security of people, societies and States. Most dangerous of all are the threats that affect the vital basis of human existence. These include threats to food security. They have long gone beyond biological or medical limits and received a truly geopolitical scope. The monograph shows how these threats were born and grew, as well as what can be done not only by States or international organizations, but also by individuals to minimize such threats and risks, to return to food the original meanings of the unifying principle. It is intended for specialists in the field of international relations, teachers and students of humanitarian and social disciplines, and will be of interest to a wide range of readers.
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Owen, Neville, Ana Goode, Takemi Sugiyama, Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Genevieve Healy, Brianna Fjeldsoe, and Elizabeth Eakin. Designing for Dissemination in Chronic Disease Prevention and Management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683214.003.0007.

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This chapter emphasizes the need for research that is designed and implemented explicitly with dissemination in mind. This is illustrated in relation to environmental and policy initiatives to influence physical activity through active transport, and through the example of initiatives to reduce workplace sitting. The other element of this chapter, the broad-reach intervention-dissemination case study of a health behavior-change program, highlights the need to maintain key elements of research quality in designing for dissemination, to the extent that is practically possible: a rigorous study design; the systematic tracking of implementation and related costs; and, the conduct of dose-response, maintenance and cost-effectiveness analyses. These examples of designing for dissemination illustrate not only the exciting opportunities for real-world dissemination research, but also the resourcefulness and commitment required for success.
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Nisenbaum, Karin. Why Is There a Realm of Experience at All? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680640.003.0006.

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This chapter shows that both Schelling’s Philosophical Investigations into the Essence of Human Freedom and his Ages of the World fragments are motivated by an attempt to explain the relation between subject and object that characterizes all states of human consciousness. Fichte’s notion of the self-positing subject issues in the view that there is a single fundamental entity (the “absolute I”), which is constituted by two forms of activity, real and ideal activity; and, on Fichte’s view, the relation between real and ideal activity is the relation between subject and object that characterizes all states of human consciousness. Yet, in the Jena period, Fichte does not provide an adequate explanation for the basic relational structure of human consciousness. Schelling hopes to explain the structure of human consciousness by developing the view that human experience is grounded in three irreducible elements—God, the natural world, and human beings—which relate to one another in three temporal dimensions: creation, revelation, and redemption.
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Gotman, Jean, and Nathan E. Crone. High-Frequency EEG Activity. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0033.

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Activities with frequencies between 60 and 80 Hz and approximately 500 Hz are labeled here as high-frequency activities. They were largely ignored until the beginning of the millennium, but their importance is now well recognized. They can be divided into activities occurring in the healthy brain in relation to sensory, motor, and cognitive or memory activity and activities occurring in the epileptic brain in the form of brief events (high-frequency oscillations), which appear to be an important marker of the brain regions that are able to generate seizures of focal origin. In humans, most of the work related to these activities has been done in intracerebral electrodes, where they are relatively frequent and easy to identify. They have been recorded in scalp electroencephalograms in some circumstances, however. This chapter reviews the recording methods, the circumstances in which they occur, their mechanism of generation, and their clinical significance.
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Eileen, Denza. Professional or Commercial Activity by Diplomat. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703969.003.0049.

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This chapter examines Article 42 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations which specifies the professional or commercial activity done by a diplomat. Article 42 states that a diplomatic agent shall not practise for personal profit any professional or commercial activity in the receiving State. The basis of the Article comes from the notion that it would give the sending State assurance that its diplomatic agents abroad would limit their activities to their official duties. It would assist the receiving State by eliminating difficult problems, and would enhance the dignity of the diplomatic corps accredited to its government. Lastly, it would serve to protect diplomatic agents from any suggestion that they might be using the prestige of their office to further their outside interests. In addition, the chapter also describes the relationship between Article 42 and Articles 31.1 (c) which deals with immunity and 34 (d) which tackles taxes on private income.
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Passy, Florence, and Gian-Andrea Monsch. Contentious Minds. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078010.001.0001.

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Why does the mind matter for joint action? Contentious Minds is a comparative study of how cognitive and relational processes allow activists to sustain their commitment. With survey data and narratives of activists engaged in three commitment communities, the minds of activists involved in contentious politics are compared with those devoted to institutional and volunteering action. The book’s main argument is that activists of one commitment community have synchronized minds concerning the aim and means of their activism as they perceive common good (aim) and politics (means) through similar cognitive lenses. The book shows the importance of direct conversational contact with individuals in bringing about this synchronization. Assessing the synchronization within communities as well as the variation between them constitutes a major purpose of this book. It shows that activists construct and enact community-specific democratic cultures, thereby entering the public sphere through collective action. The book makes three major contributions. First, it emphasizes the necessity to return the study of the mind to research on activism, Second, it calls for an integrated relational perspective that rests on the structural, instrumental, and interpretative dimensions of social networks. Finally, it advocates a substantial integration of culture in the study of social movements by effectively valuing the role of culture in shaping a person’s mind.
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Dame Rosalyn, DBE, QC, Higgins, Webb Philippa, Akande Dapo, Sivakumaran Sandesh, and Sloan James. Part 2 The United Nations: What it is, 4 The Trusteeship Council. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808312.003.0004.

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The Trusteeship Council was established as a principal organ of the UN and charged with responsibility for assisting in the administration and supervision of ‘trust territories’. It carried out this function in relation to 11 trust territories between 1946 and 1994. On 25 May 1994, the process of self-government or independence for the people of Palau—the last remaining trust territory—was completed. On 1 November 1994, the Trusteeship Council suspended its functioning. Despite calls for its dissolution, the Trusteeship Council remains in existence and continues to meet periodically. However, it does not carry on any substantive activity and is instead ‘reduced to a purely formal existence’. This chapter discusses the Council’s membership, procedure and meetings, functions, objectives, trust territories, non-self-governing territories, relations with other principal organs, and reform.
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Colombetti, Giovanna, and Neil Harrison. From physiology to experience: Enriching existing conceptions of “arousal” in affective science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0013.

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This chapter examines the notion of “arousal”, an influential notion in affective science referring to the degree of an individual’s “activation” or “excitement” during an emotional state. It considers this notion specifically in relation to interoception, defined broadly as “sensitivity to stimuli arising inside the organism.” “Physiological arousal” is distinguished from “experienced arousal” and it is argued that both need to be characterized more broadly than commonly done. Physiological arousal cannot be reduced to sympathetic activation, as it involves complex interactions between multiple functionally distinct pathways within sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, as well as endocrine and immune systems, and even the gut microbiota. Relatedly, experienced arousal does not reduce to the perception of changes in the body sensed by visceral afferents in response to autonomic nervous system activity but also includes humorally mediated interoceptive pathways, somatic sensations of various kinds, and “background” bodily feelings.
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Ludwig, Kirk. Constitutive Rules and Agency. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789994.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 first analyzes the concept of a constitutive rule in terms of essentially intentional activity patterns. Then it defines a form of constitutive agency in terms of that. Finally, it contrasts the account with John Searle’s. The rules of chess are constitutive rules. Following them brings into existence a type of activity that would not exist otherwise. The rules define an activity pattern that can be instantiated unintentionally. The rules are followed when it is instantiated intentionally. Thus constitutive rules are constitutive relative to an activity type defined as the intentional instantiation of a pattern of activity. Constitutive rules make available a form of constitutive agency in which what an agent does intentionally contributes constitutively to bringing about an essentially intentional activity type. Searle says constitutive rules have the form ‘X counts as Y in C’. But these instead define certain moments in activities governed by constitutive rules.
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Lopes, Dominic McIver. Being for Beauty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827214.001.0001.

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One question that leads us into aesthetics is: why does beauty matter? Or, what do aesthetic goods bring to my life, to make it a life that goes well? Or, how does beauty deserve the place we have evidently made for it in our lives? A theory of aesthetic value states what beauty is so as to equip us to answer this question. According to aesthetic hedonism, aesthetic values are properties of items that stand in constitutive relation to pleasure. Contemporary versions of aesthetic hedonism don’t explain what makes aesthetic values aesthetic, but they do explain what makes them normative, stating what makes it the case that aesthetic value facts lend weight to what an agent should do, for the fact that acting yields pleasure is always a reason to act. This book introduces and defends an alternative to aesthetic hedonism. According to the network theory, aesthetic value facts lend weight to its being an achievement for an agent to act. Since agents achieve by acting in coordination with one another, the theory takes seriously the sociality of aesthetic activity. The main argument for the network theory is that it better explains six facts about aesthetic activity than does aesthetic hedonism. The book also discusses the relationship between aesthetic value and pleasure, the point and distinctive character of aesthetic discourse, and the metaphysics of aesthetic value. Two final chapters use the network theory to shed light on how aesthetic value matters to us as individuals and as members of collectives.
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Book chapters on the topic "Dose activity relation"

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Szturz, Petr, and Jan B. Vermorken. "High-Dose Three-Weekly or Low-Dose Weekly Cisplatin during Radiation, What to Prefer?" In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 139–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_10.

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AbstractIn locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, adding three cycles of high-dose (100 mg/m2) cisplatin every three weeks to definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy can significantly improve locoregional control and survival. One of the major drawbacks is severe acute toxicity with about 40% of patients developing mucositis, up to one fourth suffering from dysphagia, and at least 20% having bone marrow suppression. Late toxicity has been under- and sometimes mis-reported and may even be responsible for an increase in non-cancer-related deaths in long-term survivors. Moreover, efficacy outcomes are still not satisfactory with 5-year overall survival rates ranging between 40% and 50%, excluding the growing minority of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer cases with a markedly better prognosis. Consequently, alternative regimens have gained attention with the aim to reduce toxicity, improve adherence, and maintain adequate anti-tumour activity. Low-dose (usually 40 mg/m2) cisplatin given in weekly intervals emerged as the preferred alternative to the standard, high-dose regimen. But do we have enough evidence to support this approach and which patients might become suitable candidates? While the use of high-dose cisplatin is supported by the results of four large trials randomizing altogether 1539 patients between conventionally fractionated chemoradiation and radiotherapy alone, there are only three small, similarly designed but possibly biased studies favouring a weekly regimen. In addition, two other trials randomly assigning patients to receive either high-dose or low-dose cisplatin, provided evidence against routine administration of the latter schedule. Therefore, although weekly cisplatin may enhance short-term tolerance in terms of gastro-intestinal, hepatic, hearing, renal, and haematological side effects, it cannot be excluded that this improvement comes at the price of compromised survival with no benefit in late adverse events. We acknowledge that certain clinical scenarios, particularly in the presence of relative contraindications to high-dose cisplatin, may favour a less toxic cisplatin dose and/or administration schedule, among which the low-dose weekly regimen. In this respect, the ever-growing population of elderly patients is in particular benefitting from a careful decision, taking into account the pros and cons of such regimens.
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Rosenqvist, E., and E. A. Høiby. "Relative bactericidal activity of IgG antibodies against outer membrane complexes from meningococci, as a function of vaccine type, dose and time after vaccination." In Neisseriae 1990, edited by Mark Achtman, Peter Kohl, Christian Marchal, Giovanna Morelli, Andrea Seiler, and Burghard Thiesen, 265–70. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110867787-049.

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"Obesity, Physical Activity and Healthful Nutrition: What does the Pastor Think?" In Relational Concepts in Medicine, 73–79. BRILL, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781848880733_008.

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Meijer, Eva. "Animal Activism and Interspecies Change." In When Animals Speak, 185–201. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479859351.003.0010.

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In Chapter 7, the author focuses on the role of non-human animals as agents of social and political change. This role is not usually acknowledged in theory or in animal activism, because non-human animals are not seen as political actors or as agents of social change, even though they act politically and influence human political institutions and practices. This is problematic because it does not recognize non-human animal agency, and reinforces viewing them as mute, in contrast to human actors, which reaffirms anthropocentrism and unequal power relations. We therefore need to explore non-human animal activism and possibilities for interspecies political change. In this chapter, the author first discusses non-human animal acts of resistance, and investigates whether these acts can be seen as civil disobedience. She then turns to the relation between non-human animal oppression and the oppression of human groups via a discussion of intersectionality. This is followed by a discussion of the question of speaking for others, and options for assisting other animals as activists. The final section discusses how stray dog agency can function as a starting point for change.
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Blankshain, Jessica D. "Who Has “Skin in the Game”?" In Reconsidering American Civil-Military Relations, 97–114. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197535493.003.0006.

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This chapter examines how the changing role of the reserve component in the post–Cold War era has affected US civil-military relations. It argues that as the reserve component has transitioned from strategic to operational reserve, the part-time service members of the reserve component have become less distinct from their active-duty counterparts. The blurring of the distinction between citizen-soldier and professional soldier has important implications for key issues in civil-military relations. Policymakers previously assumed the societal disruption caused by mobilizing the reserve component would impose significant political costs on presidents who conduct overseas military operations, but this does not appear to be the case today. In addition, political activity—including serving in Congress—by members of the reserve component who simultaneously publicize their ongoing military service may exacerbate concerns about the politicization of the military.
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Woods, Bob. "Wales." In Dementia Care: International Perspectives, 283–90. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796046.003.0038.

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This chapter documents the developments in Wales relating to a National Dementia Vision and Strategy. A new Strategy is to appear by December 2016. While activity and progress are evident in many areas, much remains to be done. Wales benefits from having an Older People’s Commissioner, a statutory voice for older people, including those living with dementia, and from its rich cultural, linguistic, and artistic heritage, with active third-sector organizations. Like many countries, Wales has had well-publicized scandals in relation to quality of care in hospitals and care homes, which have provided learning and impetus for development. Compared with other parts of the United Kingdom, dementia diagnosis rates in Wales appear low and are now the subject of government targets. The new Strategy will need to fully engage with people living with dementia in order to address these challenges, while building on the growing social movement of dementia-friendly communities.
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Roberts, Celia, and Richard Tutton. "The Rise of Health Activism." In Biocitizenship, 204–21. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479845194.003.0010.

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Biosociality has proven to be a generative concept for STS scholars, anthropologists and medical sociologists and has been subject to sustained engagement, development and critique. A number of researchers have taken the concept and tested it against a range of empirical sites of inquiry including patient, health and disease advocacy. In particular, when groups have formed in relation to genetic and disease conditions, classifications such as race and gender appear to be powerful mobilizing and shaping forces. But what about social class? Is class a regressive category of little salience today? Or does it help us to understand some of the dynamics of group formation and activism? Drawing on work in medical sociology on class, health and neoliberalism, this chapter explores the ways in which class is salient to discussions of biosociality and patient advocacy movements.
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Craddock, Emma. "Subverting/Reinforcing Neoliberal Capitalism: The Complex Ambivalence of Anti-Austerity Activism." In Living Against Austerity, 181–92. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529205701.003.0008.

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This chapter concludes the book by discussing the ambivalence and complexity of anti-austerity activist culture and the difficulty of resisting a force that is as pervasive as neoliberal capitalism, raising questions about how this can be more effectively achieved and asserting the importance of paying attention to the messy reality of social movement activism. It suggests that, moving forwards, there is a need for further in-depth ‘thick description’ of the complex processes of activist cultures that reveal the contradictions, tensions, and advantages of the internal dynamics and how they interact with the wider political context. It reminds us that resistance does not exist within a vacuum and that it is important to consider the multiple facets of political participation, and the implicit power relations that exist, in order to both better understand and change future political intervention. Finally, it considers limitations of the research this book draws on and suggests future directions for research.
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Seivewright, Nicholas, and Robert Fung. "Disorders relating to the use of amphetamine and cocaine." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 482–86. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0063.

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Amphetamine and cocaine are classed as stimulant drugs, although the distinction between stimulants and depressants can be criticized on the grounds that the same drug may have both actions in turn. This does indeed occur with amphetamine and cocaine, but the initial desired effects are increased energy and activity, and elevation in mood. These appear to be mainly due to enhanced central transmission of dopamine and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), with a similar enhancement of serotonin playing a less certain role. This chapter discusses clinical features, classification, diagnosis, epidemiology, aetiology, course and prognosis, treatment and prevention.
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Mazor, Yaakov. "The Badkhn in Contemporary Hasidic Society: Social, Historical, and Musical Observations." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 16, 279–96. Liverpool University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774730.003.0015.

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This chapter discusses the badkhn in contemporary hasidic society. Hasidic society does not approve of radical innovations in relation to religious custom, and this is certainly true of the activities of badkhonim at weddings. Nevertheless, the hasidic leadership has been able to channel such activities into preferred directions, in accordance with its own conceptions and usages. Earlier practices that clashed with hasidic customs and beliefs have been discarded. On the other hand, mystical interpretation has invested some traditional values with new meanings. The badkhn's position has thus been strengthened, thanks to the legitimization of his activity from a religious point of view. The same is true of the badkhn's verses and the accompanying music. It would appear, however, that the shift of emphasis from form to content, to the inner meaning of the badkhn's activities, has resulted in the formation, on one hand, of rigorous new constraints and, on the other, of new possibilities for the creation of local or even individual, personal styles, depending on the relative involvement of the tsadikim in such activities.
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Conference papers on the topic "Dose activity relation"

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Suzuki, S. "THE ABSORPTION, EXCRETION AND TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSPORT OF VITAMIN K IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644262.

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It is a well-known fact that hemorrhages are observed in wholly breastfed infants beyond the neonatal period. In order to clarify vitamin K (VK)-deficiency, it is necessary to follow-up the absorption and excretion of VK2.1. To 128 cases of newborns. i) The activity of VK-dependent factors(II, VII, X) were determined by Hepaplastin test(HPT), ii) Using Latex-test, PIVKA-II was tested. We found values of HPT (Y) and PIVKA-II (X) to be inversely proportional in the relation. Y=6l.9 - 6.7 X (r= -0.3). 2. These 15 cases of hypoprothrombinemia, VK2 6mg, VK2 2mgwere given, and plasma VK2-concentration was measured by gas chromatography. After 3 hours VK2 6mgconcentration was 1030ng/ml; VK2 2mg, was 224ng/ml. This clearly shows a dose-response relation. 3. VK2 transplacental transport was also proved by using umbilical venous blood after Cesarean section. (Before Cesarean section, VK2 60mgwas given. ) In umbilical venous blood, relatively high doses of VK2 (50 - 120ng/ml) were demonstrated. Additionally, the y-carboxylglutamic acid-concentration in the urine of newborn, who received VK2-syrup was higherthan those who did not receive it.
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Filss, Martin F., Lothar Hummel, and Johann B. Zech. "Effects of Low Energy Beta Emissions on the Measurement Technique and Exposition." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1320.

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Abstract We examined the suitability of taking smear tests (DIN ISO 7503.1) to evaluate surface activity. Special respect was given to mixtures of nuclides typical for the nuclear industry. We analysed the nuclides of samples of different fuel pools to evaluate the smear test measurement technique. Special calculations were carried out to examine the amount of nuclides that are difficult to measure due to their low maximum decay energy of less then 0.15 MeV (e. g. 55Fe, 63Ni). The response characteristic, detection sensitivity and the influence of the nuclide used for calibration were examined in detail on the basis of the nuclide vectors of fuel pool samples. We learned that especially the isotope standard used for calibration has a major influence for the suitability of the measurements. Calculation of the amount of these nuclides in relation to the effective dose (inhalation, ingestion) and the skin dose showed that they contribute little to the complete exposition.
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Rampart, M., H. Bult, A. G. Herman, P. J. Jose, and T. J. Williams. "PROSTACYCLIN (PGI2) FORMATION IN RELATION TO ANAPHYLATOXIN C5a GENERATION DURING RABBIT ENDOTOXIN SHOCK." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642837.

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Injection of endotoxin (LPS) in animals, a model for gram-negative septic shock, leads to intravascular activation of the complement system, and is one of the few conditions in which 6-oxo-PGF]CX and thromboxane (TX) B2 (non-enzymic metabolites of PGI2 and TXA2) can be detected in arterial blood. Previously we reported associations between complement activation, PGI2 biosynthesis and LPS-induced hypotension in rabbits. As C5a and C5adesArg trigger endothelial PGI2 formation in vitro, we have now measured the plasma levels of immunoreactive (ir) C5a in relation to generation of PGI2 and changes in arterial blood pressure in LPS shock. Pentobarbitone anaesthethized rabbits received LPS (E. coli 0111:B4, 0.5 mg/kg) or saline via the marginal ear vein. A catheter in the left carotid artery was used to collect blood and to monitor mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Platelet and leukocyte numbers, haemolytic complement titre (CH50), and plasma ir6-oxo-PGFioc , irTXB2 and irC5a were measured 15 min before and at different times after saline or LPS injection. LPS caused a dose- and time-dependent formation of irC5a in rabbit serum in vitro, predominantly via the classical pathway. LPS also activated complement in vivo, as indicated by about 20 % reduction of CH50 titre (measured after 3h) and a marked increase of arterial irC5a (20-120 ng/ml) in the first 2 to 5 min. After 30 min, irC5a had returned to baseline levels (< 2-5 ng/ml) and remained so up to 3h after injection of LPS. This irC5a peak correlated with a shortlasting initiation of PGI2 release (from < 20 pg/ml up to 550 pg/ml) and a drop in MABP (from about 95 mmHg to 50 mmHg) 2-5 min after LPS. None of these changes occurred after saline injection.In conclusion, LPS activates complement in vivo with concomitant formation of C5a. This peptide may trigger -either directly or after phagocyte activation - endothelial PGI2 biosynthesis, leading to arterial hypotension. This is supported by the suppression of the initial rise of arterial ir6-oxo-PGF1α and hypotension in complement-depleted rabbits. Inhibition of C5a formation or activity may prove to be a meaningful approach to the treatment of septic circulatory shock.
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Geiger, M., M. J. Heeb, B. Binder, and J. H. Griffin. "FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEIN C INHIBITORS (PCI) FROM PLASMA AND URINE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643815.

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Immunoblotting studies showed that human plasma and urine contain components that form heparin-dependent complexes with activated protein C (APC) and urokinase (UPA) and that the presence of either active enzyme decreases complex formation by the other (Geiger et al. 1986, Circ. 74:11-234). To investigate whether these findings are due to competition of APC and UPA for one or more heparin-dependent inhibitors, a functional assay for PCI was developed to study the time course of inhibition of protein C (PC) in purified or crude systems in the presence or absence of stimulating or interfering substances. Microtiter plates coated with monoclonal anti-protein C antibodies were incubated with diluted plasma supplemented with 125I-pc. After activation of bound PC with Protac C, the wells were washed and then incubated with samples containing PCI in the presence or absence of heparin for varying times. The remaining amidolytic activity on the substrate S-2366 was determined as Δ A405/time/cpm bound. Using plasma as a source of PCI, APC inhibition followed pseudo first order kinetics and a linear relation between the pseudo first order rate constant, k, and plasma concentration was observed from 6% to 40% plasma with k = 0.012/min at 20% plasma. A dose dependent increase in k was observed in the presence of heparin, with half maximal stimulation at 2 to 4 U/ml and maximal stimulation (k = 0.05/min at 20% plasma at heparin concentration > 10 U/ml. Urinary PCI was partially purified vising heparin Sepharose chromatography from which it coeluted at 0.35 M NaCl with UPA inhibitory activity. Partially purified urinary PCI inhibited APC and UPA, and competitions similar to those obtained with plasma PCI were observed. The effect of UPA on the inhibition of APC by PCI in plasminogen-depleted plasma and by urinary PCI was studied. In both systems, UPA caused a significant decrease in the inhibition of APC in the absence or presence of heparin. These results and our previous immunobloting data demonstrate competition of APC and UPA for common heparin-dependent PCIs in plasma and urine.
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Hotchkiss, A., G. Knitter, L. DeGuzman, and C. Rsfino. "THE ACTIVITY OF A SINGLE CHAIN rt-PA MUTANT IN A PRIMATES AND RABBITS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644615.

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Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator(rt-PA) contains a plasmin sensitive peptide bond domain between amino acids (AAs) 275 and 276. Since the single chain form of rt-PA is rapidly clipped to the two chain form during thrombolysis, one way to determine the relative activities of single chain and two chain rt-PA is to produce a mutant which no longer has this clip site; therefore, a single AA substitution was made at position 275, replacing Glu for Arg (Tate, et al., Biochemistry 1987, in Press). The thrombolytic activity of this mutant (Glu275) was compared to the activity of the wild type rt-PA (Arg275) in a new primate thrombolysis model.An arterio-venous shunt model (Hotchkiss et al, this meeting) was used. Various doses of the rt-PAs were infused over a 90 min period with 10% of the total dose administered as an initial bolus. The rate and extent of thrombolysis were quantitated by the measurement of radioactivity remaining in the thrombus at 15, 30, 60 and 90 min, using an external probe. Data were collected from 5 cyncmolgus monkeys (male 5 to 6 kg). The dose response curves were used to determine the ED40 (dose for 40% clot lysis). The ED40 for Arg275 and Glu275 wire 870 and 680 (ugAg)r respectively. The plasna concentrations of rt-PA were measured at plateau for various doses and the regression of the plasma concentrations (Y,ng/ml) versus the dose rates (X, ug/kg/min) was calculated. The regression equations were; Y=28+51X and Y=39+113X for Arg275 and Glu275, respectively. This indicates that the clearance rate of Glu275 is 2.2 fold slower than Arg275.These experiments were also performed in rabbits. The ED40 for Arg275 and Glu275 were 740 and 660 (ug/kg) respectively. The Glu275 was cleared more slowly, having a 1.7 fold slower clearance rate.These results support the conclusion, that the "one chain" Glu275 rt-PA is still active in vivo and that it is slightly more potent than the wild type in these animal models. Some of this increase in potency is apparently due to a slower clearance rate for the Glu275 rt-PA.
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Daley-Yates, P., N. Brealey, B. Kumar, S. Thomas, D. Austin, S. Shabbir, T. Harrison, D. Singh, and N. Barnes. "Dose responses for topical efficacy and systemic activity, dose equivalence and relative therapeutic index for fluticasone furoate (FF), fluticasone propionate (FP) and budesonide (BUD) in asthmatic subjects." In 61. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e.V. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3403166.

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Deken, Fleur, Maaike S. Kleinsmann, Marco Aurisicchio, Rob B. Bracewell, and Kristina Lauche. "Relations Between Design Activities and Interactional Characteristics in Novice-Expert Design Consultations: ‘What’ is Done ‘How’." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87602.

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This study investigated processes in novice–expert consultation meetings in an organizational context to identify ‘what’ is done ‘how’ by novices and expert in consultation discourses. A conceptual model was developed for studying novice–expert design discourses at a fine-resolution level. An empirical study was performed at Rolls-Royce Aerospace Engineering. In total 7 audio-records were captured of meetings between trainees (novices) and expert designers, which occurred over the course of 3 trainee teams’ design projects. Relations were investigated between two coding schemes, namely the activity coding scheme and the conversational flow coding scheme. It was found that certain activities in the meeting were more often performed by either novices or experts, whereas other activities were more often performed collaboratively. Based on the results, implications for design engineering practitioners were derived and suggestions for further research are provided.
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Daley-Yates, Peter, Noushin Brealey, Bharath Kumar, Sebin Thomas, Daren Austin, Shaila Shabbir, Tim Harrison, Dave Singh, and Neil Barnes. "Late Breaking Abstract - Dose responses for topical efficacy and systemic activity, dose equivalence and relative therapeutic index for fluticasone furoate (FF), fluticasone propionate (FP) and budesonide (BUD) in asthmatic subjects." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa2106.

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Mussoni, L., M. Abbadini, G. J. Zhu, A. Maggi, J. Pangrazzi, and M. B. Donati. "DERMATAN SULPHATE (DS) INDUCES t-PA RELEASE IN THE PERFUSED RAT HINDQUARTERS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643242.

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Previous studies have shown that heparin and related glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were able to Induce the release of plasminogen activator (PA) activity In perfusion models. Among GAGs, DS has recently attracted Interest due to Its antithrombotic effect devoid of haemorrhaglc complications In experimental models of venous thrombosis. We report here that highly purified DS (MF-701, Mediolanum Farmaceutici, Milano, Italy) is able to induce t-PA activity release. Non heparlnlzed animals were perfused with oxygenated Tyrode’s solution at a constant flow rate of 10 ml/min. PA activity of the perfusate (collected at various time Intervals from vena cava) was measured by a fibrin plate method and expressed as mtl/ml by comparison with a reference curve of standard t-PA (WHO). Three minutes perfusion of different doses of DS (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/ml) Induces a dose-dependent Increase in PA, activity (from 35 to 60, 99, 127 mU/ml respectively), being maximal during the first and second minute of drug perfusion. A further increase In DS concentration (0.6-0.8 mg/ml) resulted in an inhibition of PA activity released. The PA activity present In the perfusate of animals treated with 0.4 mg/ml DS has been characterized as associated with t-PA-like molecules on the basis of the relative mobility In SDS-PAGE followed by fibrin autography (67,000 m.w.) and inhibition by an antiserum against t-PA In this system. This effect was peculiar for DS, since none of the HMW heparlns tested induced PA activity release In this experimental model. These data may suggest that during “In vivo” infusion of DS In a thromboembolic condition some t-PA could be released from the endothelial cells and bind to fibrin In the thrombus to favour its dissolution.
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Schmidt, B., M. R. Buchanan, F. Ofosu, L. A. Brooker, M. Andrew, and McMaster Univ. "ANTITHROMBOTIC PROPERTIES OF HEPARIN IN A NEONATAL MODEL OF THROMBIN INDUCED VENOUS STASIS THROMBOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643608.

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Anecdotal clinical experience suggests that more heparin is required in newborn infants that in adult patients to effectively treat thrombotic disease. We compared the ability of heparin to inhibit thrombus formation induced by a pathological bolus of thrombin and stasis in newborn piglets and 3 week old pigs. The coagulation system of the newborn piglet closely resembles that of the human neonate Including low antithrombin III (AT-III) activity (0.5U/ml). By 3 weeks, adult porcine values for coagulation factors and inhibitors are reached, while blood volume/kg body weight still approximates that of the newborn piglet. Piglets and pigs were pretreated with saline, 10 or 25U/kg heparin (n ≥16/group/dose. Following an injection of 100U/kg thrombin, systemic 125I-fibrinogen consumption and local 125I-fibrinogen incorporation into jugular venous stasis thrombi were measured. Peak heparin levels were identical In both age groups (Anti-factor Xa assay and protamine sulphate titration). Heparin was less effective in preventing thrombus formation in piglets than in pigs (Table). Heparin was also less effective in preventing systemic neonatal 125I-fibrinogen consumption (p<0.0001 at both heparin doses).Raising AT-III levels to adult values significantly improved the antithrombotic properties of heparin in neonatal piglets. Thrombus formation was completely abolished in 19 or 22 piglets who received a combination of human or porcine AT-III concentrate and 25U/kg heparin. Raising the heparin dose to 50U/kg had the same effect. We conclude that the efficacy of heparin in neutralizing thrombin is decreased in newborn piglets. Treatment with AT-III concentrate overcomes this relative heparin resistance, and may help reduce high heparin doses otherwise required in neonatal thrombotic disease.
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Reports on the topic "Dose activity relation"

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Day, Christopher M., Hiromal Premachandra, and Darcy M. Bullock. Characterizing the Impacts of Phasing, Environment, and Temporal Factors on Pedestrian Demand at Traffic Signals. Purdue University, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317352.

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There is a need for more and higher quality data on pedestrian demand patterns for a number of applications in planning, transportation engineering, public health, and other areas. It is particularly desirable to better characterize the influence of daily, weekly, and annual variations; the impact of weather and special events; and the effects of changes in pedestrian phasing. This paper proposes and demonstrates a methodology for quantifying the relative demand for pedestrian service at a signalized intersection by using the percent of signal cycles per hour in which the pedestrian phase was actuated. Although this performance measure does not by itself provide a pedestrian count, it can be used as a surrogate to characterize how pedestrian volumes vary due to operating conditions. More importantly, since this technique does not require new sensors, the data can be collected at thousands of intersections across the nation where pedestrian push buttons are in use. This paper documents findings from over a year of data collection at a signalized intersection on a college campus. The effects of daily/weekly/annual variations, special events, weather (temperature and precipitation), seasonal changes in activity patterns, and changes in pedestrian signal phasing are documented. A Tobit model is used to account for the influences of these variables and understand how they co-influence pedestrian activity. The implementation of an exclusive pedestrian phase is associated with a 9% increase in pedestrian phase utilization at the intersection. This change is associated with a decrease in user cost relative to performing midblock crossings. The modeled impact of snowfall events adds further insight by showing that as the user cost of making midblock crossings increases, pedestrian activity at the intersection increases.
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