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Books on the topic 'Dose area product'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 17 May 2022

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Great Britain. Medical Devices Directorate., ed. NE technology dose area product meter type 2640A and data logging software. Department of Health, MedicalDevices Directorate, 1994.

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2

Braber, Helleke, Jeroen Dera, Jos Joosten, and Maarten Steenmeijer, eds. Branding Books Across the Ages. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723916.

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For many, literature and marketing are considered opposite phenomena. This book discusses cases in which the two are closely connected. It argues that literature is subject to the same mechanisms as other commercial products: our experience of literary texts is prefigured by brands, trademarks that identify a product and differentiate it from its competitors. From the early modern period onwards, literary authors and their texts are constantly ‘branded’ and have been both the object and the trailblazer of a complex marketing process. The authors of this volume analyze this branding process thr

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3

Hart, David, D. G. Jones, and B. F. Wall. Estimation of Effective Dose in Diagnostic Radiology from Entrance Surface Dose and Dose-area Product Measurement (NRPB). National Radiological Protection Board, 1994.

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4

Fielding, Nigel G. Does Training Produce Professional Policing? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817475.003.0007.

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The chapter uses contemporary policing problems and challenges to evaluate how well training prepares recruits, auxiliaries, detectives, and managers for the police role. It reviews patterns of police corruption, misconduct and complaints against officers and considers whether, and how well, training helps police forces counter such problems. It also notes instances of positive responses to failures of service delivery. The discussion moves on to examine the challenge that diversity poses for the police, both at a cultural level and in respect of the specific experience of female officers, eth

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5

Owen, David. Reason, Belief, and the Passions. Edited by Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.17.

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Hume said that reason alone cannot motivate and that passions are required to produce volitions and actions. It is argued that the widely, though not universally, held “Humean” view of motivation—that beliefs require desires to motivate actions—does not accurately reflect Hume’s own view. The author argues here that beliefs, especially beliefs about pleasure, do motivate. But beliefs are produced by probable reasoning. And this seems to imply that reason alone does motivate, i.e., produces, via beliefs, volitions and actions. It is argued that the seeming inconsistency that appears to result i

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6

Singleton, Jeff. The American Dole. Praeger, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400610561.

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As Jeff Singleton shows, the rapid expansion of unemployment relief in the early 1930s generated pressures which led to the first federal welfare programs. However the process has received relatively little attention from historians, and unemployment relief does not play a major role in discussions of the current state of welfare. Singleton seeks not only to fill this gap, but to challenge popular interpretations of relief policy in the early 1930s. He shows that relief was expanding prior to the depression and that the modern aspects of social policy implemented in the 1920s profoundly influe

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7

Framarin, Christopher. Habit and Karmic Result in the Yogaśāstra. Edited by Jonardon Ganeri. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314621.013.16.

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The most popular interpretation of the theory of karma in the Yogaśāstra states that actions produce merit and demerit in the form of habits (saṃskāras) to repeat similar actions in the future. This chapter argues that this interpretation is implausible. The Yogaśāstra does outline an influential account of habit-formation. It also offers an explanation of how actions produce karmic results that correspond with the quality of the actions that produced them. These two processes, however, are generally distinct.

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8

Qu, Lirong, and Darrell J. Triulzi. Blood product therapy in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0267.

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Transfusions are among the most common medical procedures in the intensive care unit. Several randomized controlled trials (RCT) indicate that restrictive red cell transfusion practice using a haemoglobin of <7g/dL is safe in critically-ill patients. Although similar RCT are not available for plasma or platelet transfusion guidelines, a large body of observational studies suggest that plasma transfusion for an invasive procedure has not been shown to be of benefit in patients with INR <2.0. Similarly, in thrombocytopenic patients, the target platelet count for bleeding or for an invasive

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9

O’Donoghue, John L. Neurologic Manifestations of Organic Chemicals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0176.

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Organic chemicals can produce many different effects on the nervous system. The nervous system functions are affected by a variety of different organic chemicals. Organic chemicals that induce neurotoxicity may be naturally occurring or synthetic. Those that are naturally occurring products of plants or animals are referred to as “toxins,” whereas those that are synthetic are referred to as “toxicants”; however, publications and regulations sometimes use these terms interchangeably. Underlying these functional changes are cellular and subcellular changes that mediate the clinical and pathologi

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10

Jay, Gregory S. How Does It Feel to Be a Trademark? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687229.003.0003.

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Hurst’s best-selling novel of the 1930s portrayed the life of a New Woman business tycoon and the African American maid whose family waffle recipe became the basis for an “Aunt Jemima” kind of product and fortune. Stereotypes such as the “mammy” and “tragic mulatta” are either damaging caricatures or images to expose racism, depending on the reader’s interpretation of the text. The novel’s use of limited point of view works to satirize Bea Pullman’s racism even as the novel looks sympathetically on her quasi-feminist ambitions. The decision of the light-skinned Peola to leave the United States

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11

Radcliffe, Elizabeth S. Morality and Motivation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199573295.003.0006.

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Hume’s argument against moral rationalism says that because morals produce or prevent actions, and reason alone does not, morals cannot be derived from reason alone. The premise concerning morality is perplexing. This premise is best understood as claiming that the moral sentiments by which we judge virtue and vice produce motives when we find ourselves deficient of a morally-approved trait, or when we anticipate the pleasure of self-approval for exhibiting virtues. These motives are produced by self-approbation and self-disapprobation in the same way that motives are typically generated in Hu

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12

Paradise, Paul. Trademark Counterfeiting, Product Piracy, and the Billion Dollar Threat to the U.S. Economy. www.quorumbooks.com, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216188292.

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Called the business crime wave of the 21st century, trademark counterfeiting and product piracy are worldwide in scope and cost the U.S. economy billions of dollars every year. High technology and the globalization of business have made it possible to counterfeit and pirate a seemingly limitless number of products, from t-shirts, designer jeans, films and books to auto and airplane parts, and prescription drugs. The 1995-1996 trade dispute between the U.S. and China shows how serious the problem has become for American business and for U.S. diplomatic relations. Paradise explores the history o

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13

Acland, Charles R. Consumer Electronics and the Building of an Entertainment Infrastructure. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039362.003.0011.

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This concluding chapter explores how Hollywood's “technological tentpoles”—films that strategically promote cross-media commodities and new generations of devices, platforms, and hardware—serve as vehicles for the advancement of a broader technological system. In light of this cross-media industrial circumstance, the highly visible, international, big-budget blockbuster production makes manifest the developing relationships among media forms. The blockbuster, in a time of expanding talk and exploitation of “long tail” microcultural economies, advances multiple products and devices at once, and

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14

Straume, Ingerid S. How Does a Society Change? The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881811273.

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One of the most challenging questions of today concerns how human activities threaten the conditions for our very own existence. With one crisis leading into the next, the need for socio-political change is necessary and desirable, yet so hard to imagine in practice. At the heart of the matter is a deeper crisis of the socio-political imagination. To understand how a society produces and changes itself, Ingerid S. Straume points to historical and contemporary institutions and the imaginaries they embody, and argues that the key to social creativity is found in the reflexive potential of instit

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15

Carpenter, Murray. Sweet and Deadly. The MIT Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/15738.001.0001.

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How Coca-Cola makes Americans sick—and makes sure we don't know it. If we knew that Coca-Cola was among the deadliest products in our diet, would we continue drinking it in such great quantities? The Coca-Cola Company has gone to extraordinary lengths to make sure we don't find out, as this damning exposé makes patently clear. Marshaling the findings of extensive research and deep investigative reporting, Murray Carpenter describes in Sweet and Deadly the damage Coke does to America's health—and the remarkable campaign of disinformation conducted by the company to keep consumers in the dark. S

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Daly, Alica, David Humphreys, Julio Raffo, and Giulia Valacchi, eds. Global Challenges for Innovation in Mining Industries. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108904209.

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People have been digging in the ground for useful minerals for thousands of years. Mineral materials are the foundation of modern industrial society. As the global population grows and standards of living in emerging and developing countries rises, the demand for mineral products is increasing. Mining ensures that we have an adequate supply of the raw materials to produce all the components of modern life, and at competitive prices. Innovation is central to meeting the diverse challenges faced by the mining industry. It is critical for developing techniques for finding new deposits of minerals

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Farquhar-Smith, Paul. The additive analgesia of adrenaline in epidural blockade. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0058.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Adrenaline markedly improves thoracic epidural analgesia produced by a low-dose infusion of bupivacaine, fentanyl and adrenaline after major surgery’, published by Niemi and Breivik in 1998. The analgesic potential of neuraxial blockade has long been recognized. The extensive opioid receptor expression in areas germane to pain pathways gave credence to the effective clinical application of lower doses of neuraxial opioids compared with systemic administration. Preclinical data also proposed a potential spinal action of α‎2 agonists in achieving

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18

Maier, Esther R. Creating Production Values in a Dramatic Television Series. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827436.003.0003.

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This chapter draws on the insights generated through an ethnographic study of a dramatic television series production, to show how the creative and financial imperatives of the project are integrated through the calculative practices of the mid-level managers on the project. The analysis draws on a broader definition of calculative practice that does not restrict calculation to mathematical or numerical computations but also incorporates judgement and intuition. The findings show how the final configuration of the product emerges through monetary valuations or ‘estimates’ prepared by the mid-l

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19

Everett, Robert F. The Entrepreneur’s Guide to Marketing. www.praeger.com, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400646584.

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Marketing often scares entrepreneurs. They've sweat buckets coming up with a valuable product or service, and now they have to sell it? Won't it sell itself? No. But, as marketing expert Bob Everett shows, marketing is just not that hard. At some level, entrepreneurs know that. They know what appeals to them and what leaves them cold. They know when a person or marketing claim is trustworthy, and they know when claims are exaggerated. Yet when it comes to marketing their own products and services to others, entrepreneurs often find it difficult to apply that same judgment and common sense. Eve

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20

Wójcik-Gładysz, Anna. Ghrelin – hormone with many faces. Central regulation and therapy. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/mono_awg_2020.

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Discovered in 1999, ghrelin, is one of the peptides co-creating the hypothalamicgastrointestinal axis, otherwise known as the brain-gut axis. Ghrelin participates in many physiological processes and spectrum of its activity is still being discovered. This 28 amino acid peptide ‒ a product of the ghrl gene, was found in all vertebrates and is synthesized and secreted mainly from enteroendocrine X/A cells located in the gastric mucosa of the stomach. Expression of the ghrelin receptor has been found in many nuclei of the hypothalamus involved in appetite regulation. Therefore it’s presumed that

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21

Laws, Edward R., Whitney W. Woodmansee, and Jay S. Loeffler. Pituitary tumours. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0018.

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Pituitary tumours are common, usually benign, lesions ordinarily well controlled by multidisciplinary management. The several subtypes of pituitary tumours reflect the hormones produced by the pituitary gland, and each may require a complex sequential programme of treatment. Modern laboratory evaluation and imaging is capable of extensively characterizing the tumours, and is the basis for the recommended therapies. The tumours that produce excess active levels of pituitary hormones may be amenable to very satisfactory medical therapy, which reduces hormone levels towards normal, and often caus

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22

Warner, Genoa R., and Terrence J. Collins. Sustainable Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190490911.003.0013.

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Unsustainable chemical products and processes cause damage to the earth that will become irreparable without ethical principles that prioritize the good of future generations. A serious challenge is posed by anthropogenic endocrine disruptors, synthetic chemicals that can alter development and impair health at current exposure levels. These low-dose adverse effects caused by everyday chemicals represent one of the great challenges of green science. Solutions require interdisciplinary collaboration among the fields of sustainable chemistry, environmental health sciences, and integrative environ

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23

Stone Peters, Julie. Law as Performance. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898494.001.0001.

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Tirades against legal theatrics are nearly as old as law itself, and yet so is the age-old claim that law must not merely be done, but “seen to be done.” Law as Performance traces the history of legal performance and spectatorship through the early modern period. Viewing law as the product not merely of edicts or doctrines but of expressive action, it investigates the performances that literally created law: in civic arenas, courtrooms, and judges’ chambers; on scaffolds; and in the streets. It examines the legal codes, learned treatises, trial reports, lawyers’ manuals, execution narratives,

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Stone Peters, Julie. Law as Performance. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898494.001.0001.

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Tirades against legal theatrics are nearly as old as law itself, and yet so is the age-old claim that law must not merely be done, but “seen to be done.” Law as Performance traces the history of legal performance and spectatorship through the early modern period. Viewing law as the product not merely of edicts or doctrines but of expressive action, it investigates the performances that literally created law: in civic arenas, courtrooms, and judges’ chambers; on scaffolds; and in the streets. It examines the legal codes, learned treatises, trial reports, lawyers’ manuals, execution narratives,

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25

Rose, Cramer Sacha. Vaccine Nationalism in the age of COVID-19. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.413.

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It is no secret that the world has a COVID-19 vaccine problem. The majority of vaccination doses have been administered in Europe and North America, whilst many poorer counties have vaccinated less than 1% of their entire population. In light of the new variants presenting health risks, countries such as South Africa and India have proposed that the World Trade Organisation temporarily waive intellectual property rights for COVID-19 vaccines to help increase the production of vaccines. The world’s economic powerhouses such as U.S., Britain and the European Union vetoed the idea, submitting tha

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26

Teixeira de Vasconcellos, Carlos Roberto. OS EFEITOS DE SENTIDO NA TRADUÇÃO DO DISCURSO DE POSSE DO PRESIDENTE NORTE AMERICANO JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY. Brazil Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-638-2.

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This piece of research provides a study of the discourse of President John Fitzgerald Kenney focusing on his Inaugural Address delivered on January 20th, 1961, Washington, D.C. United States of America. The reading we did is under Analysis of Discourse optic, which constitutes the discourse from its social and historical context, specifically the part that deals with Discursive Formation. The theories that work as preamble in this study are: the Hermeneutic, art of understanding, interpreting, and translating in a clear way the signs first unclear, it treats the language and its signs as creat

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Rothfield, Philipa. Experience and its Others. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429344.003.0005.

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This chapter draws on Deleuzian thought in order to think through the role of experience within dance and the activity of dancing more generally. It contrasts phenomenological approaches to dancing, which appeal to notions of subjective agency, with a Deleuzian re-reading of subjectivity. In the process, it refers to Deleuze’s reading of Nietzsche, using Nietzsche’s concept of force to account for the many ways in which forces combine to produce movement. The notion of force is able to explain the way action unfolds without being the product of human agency. It offers a way of rethinking pheno

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Ribeiro, Jaime, Ellen Synthia Fernandes de Oliveira, Cleoneide Oliveira, Brígida Mónica Faria, and Lucimara Fornari, eds. New trends in qualitative health research: the pandemic aftermath. Ludomedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.13.2022.e733.

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With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen new ways of doing things emerge. Various aspects of everyday life have been digitalized. What was once face-to-face, in context, is now done at a distance. For better or worse, healthcare and health research also had repercussions. On the one hand, there were aspects that improved, while others left something to be desired. I will not list them, because they have already been widely debated and it is now important to discuss what brought us to this page. In the particular field of qualitative research in health, also evident in this editio

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29

Taylor, Ralph B. Urban Neighborhoods. Greenwood Press, Inc., 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216990543.

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Those involved in urban neighborhood and community research with an applied focus will find in this volume a number of useful and practical examples of how to do it. . . . The modesty with which some of the results is presented is refreshing, and the candor with which the authors treat their shortcomings is commendable. Several authors make it quite clear that good research does not necessarily produce the best information for those working to improve the social fabric of urban communities. On the other hand, there is a certain amount of optimism in these essays for those who want to see their

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30

Morgan, Jonathan. Torts and Technology. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.23.

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This chapter discusses tort law and how it applies to the risks posed by emerging technology. Tort law’s role here is significant. But how does tort adapt to injuries caused by technological innovations, and how should it react? With the increasing pace of technological advances, are the inherited conceptual structures of tort law sufficiently adaptable to both current and yet-unknown developments, or are novel statutory solutions required? We must also ask if tort liability is ultimately able to reconcile the competing demands of compensation, deterrence, and innovation. These questions are c

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Veatch, Robert M., Amy Haddad, and E. J. Last. Benefiting the Patient and Others. Edited by Robert M. Veatch, Amy Haddad, and E. J. Last. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190277000.003.0005.

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Chapter 4 begins Part II of the book, a series of chapters dealing with basic ethical principles. This chapter takes up the principles that an action of a pharmacist is morally right insofar as it produces benefit and wrong insofar as it produces harm. The names of these principles are beneficence and nonmaleficence. First, considering benefit to the patient, cases deal with the relation of health to other benefits and whether benefits should be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Then the duties of the pharmacist to benefit society, specific nonpatients, the profession, and the pharmacist’s fam

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32

Arthur, Richard T. W. Continuance through Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812869.003.0008.

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This final chapter concerns questions of the continuity of existence through time. There are various difficulties: if substances produce their own states, how is this compatible with divine concurrence? And if creation is continuous and yet their states are instantaneous, how does Leibniz avoid reducing monadic duration to a discontinuous aggregate of states? It is argued that a solution to these profound difficulties requires a recognition that monadic states are actually discrete and of finite duration, each containing other smaller states to infinity; yet they are physically continuous, in

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Biernoff, Suzannah. Picturing Pain. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400046.003.0009.

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What does pain look like? Charles Darwin’s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) includes a well-known list of the visible and physiological signs of pain. Published a year after The Descent of Man, it sets out to show that the human face is the product not of divine fashioning, but of descent with modification. Joy, melancholy, fear, disgust, contempt, anguish: for Darwin, the body language of human emotion – and pain – provides compelling evidence for evolution, and his account of pain appropriately begins in the animal kingdom. There are some major obstacles to the study

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Li, Wai-Yee. Concepts of Authorship. Edited by Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li, and Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.24.

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What are the words and phrases used to designate authorship in classical Chinese literature? What are the anecdotes and stories told to emblematize or dramatize the contexts and meanings of authorship? How does the attribution to or the invention of an author define or control the meanings of a text? How do markers of authorial presence function in a text? How does genre shape authorial voice? How do anonymous texts generate authors? How do images of authors (as distinct from historical actors) produce texts? Many scholars believe that authorship becomes increasingly individualistic and self-c

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Gartzke, Erik A., and Paul Poast. Empirically Assessing the Bargaining Theory of War: Potential and Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.274.

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What explains war? The so-called bargaining approach has evolved quickly in the past two decades, opening up important new possibilities and raising fundamental challenges to previous conventional thinking about the origins of political violence. Bargaining is intended to explain the causes of conflict on many levels, from interpersonal to international. War is not the product of any of a number of variables creating opportunity or willingness, but instead is caused by whatever factors prevent competitors from negotiating the settlements that result from fighting. Conflict is thus a bargaining

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Panepinto, Alice, Bana Abu Zuluf, Ahmad Amara, Brendan Ciarán Browne, Munir Nuseibah, and Triestino Mariniello, eds. Ending Impunity for International Law Violations. Hart Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509977239.

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This open access edited collection is the first book-length academic publication on the Palestinian Bedouins at risk of forced displacement in the Central West Bank and Greater Jerusalem area. At its core are two questions: firstly; what are the humanitarian vulnerabilities they face and how are they produced/constructed? And secondly, how does protracted impunity for international law violations drive humanitarian protection risks for them? It interweaves international law, community-based empirical research and interdisciplinary perspectives, to offer the broadest possible framework for unde

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Foley, Richard. Secondary Differences. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865122.003.0003.

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This chapter argues that inquiries in the sciences ideally move toward an endpoint, a definitive account that is accurate and complete, and on which there is consensus, whereas issues in the humanities are open-ended, with major new insights and revisions always to be expected. While progress in the sciences is movement toward an agreed-upon endpoint, progress in the humanities is toward greater precision, breadth, and coherence, with individual progress highly prized even when it does not lead to consensus. The chapter also argues there are other differences. While the sciences tend to rely o

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38

Honeybone, Patrick, and Warren Maguire, eds. Dialect Writing and the North of England. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442565.001.0001.

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This book aims to offer a comprehensive investigation of dialect writing in the North of England. It brings together a wide range of contributors, investigating everything from the cultural positioning and impact of dialect writing to the mechanics of how authors produce dialect spellings (and what this can tell us about the structure of the dialects represented). Case studies focus on dialect writing from all over the North of England and consider many types of text, including dialect poetry, translations into dialect, letters, tweets, direct speech in novels, humorous localised volumes, writ

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Dundjerović, Aleksandar Sasha, and María José Martínez Sánchez. Placeness and the Performative Production of Space. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350349841.

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How can performance create and transform places of urban renewal and regeneration? What does performance contribute to the creation of community? These are some of the questions addressed in this study of the relationship of performance to urban space. Marrying theory with a series of international case studies of performance practice and interviews with practitioners, this interdisciplinary study examines how space is performatively produced to create a sense of ‘placeness’. Offering multiple perspectives on space and place, this book investigates the connections between space and the constru

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Miller, David, Claire Harkins, Matthias Schlögl, and Brendan Montague. Addiction aware? Corporate social responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753261.003.0008.

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This chapter considers whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) across ‘addictive industries’ is a vehicle for corporations to make a positive contribution to the health and welfare of consumers, and in turn, to society, or is a fig leaf used as part of wider corporate strategy. The chapter argues that CSR is used to promote ineffective actions by corporations in responding to the health harms of their products, while simultaneously undermining effective statutory action. Examples of CSR by the tobacco, alcohol, and gambling industries are used to examine these activities within the conte

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Massimini, Marcello, and Giulio Tononi. Brain Islands. Translated by Frances Anderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728443.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the clinical problem of detecting consciousness in brain-injured patients who emerge from coma in a state of behavioral unresponsiveness. Intensive care medicine is artificially producing, as a by-product of saving many lives, brains that may remain isolated, split, or fragmented. In extreme cases, large cortical islands or an archipelago of islands may survive totally dissociated from the world outside. Can these islands sustain consciousness? Does it feel like anything to be a big chunk of isolated human cortex? Scientific and philosophical doubts aside, we need to urge

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Margulis, Elizabeth Hellmuth. Psychology of Music: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190640156.001.0001.

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There is a long tradition of thinking about music as a product of the human mind. Whether considering composition, performance, listening, or appreciation, the constraints and capabilities of the human mind play a formative role. The field that has emerged around this approach is known as the psychology of music. It seeks to answer fundamental questions of broad and enduring interest—questions like “What is musicality?” and “How does music move us?” The Psychology of Music: A Very Short Introduction explores how the psychology of music confronts these questions. It connects the science to larg

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Al-Rodhan, Khalid, and Anthony H. Cordesman. The Changing Dynamics of Energy in the Middle East. Praeger, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216189534.

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The recent rise in global demand for energy and the resulting spike in energy prices have illustrated just how important Middle Eastern energy exports are. This book, the first on the subject since the hike in energy prices impacted the global energy market, outlines the current facts that shape the ability of Middle Eastern producers to supply energy exports. It explores the possible future causes both of major interruptions in supply, and of failures to maintain and expand export capacity, and, though it does not predict a major energy crisis, it does describe a range of factors that could p

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Scudder, Mary F. Beyond Empathy and Inclusion. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197535455.001.0001.

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Beyond Empathy and Inclusion: The Challenge of Listening in Democratic Deliberation considers how to improve democracy under the politically divided conditions we currently face. The book argues that while democracy does not require that citizens reach an agreement, it does require that they listen to one another. The book goes on to offer a systematic theory of listening acts to explain the democratic force of listening. Modeled after speech act theory, Scudder’s listening act theory shows how we do something in listening, independent of the outcomes of listening. In listening to our fellow c

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Vaziri, Nosratola D. Oxidative stress and its implications in chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0112.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced at low levels physiologically and their production conveys signals and has specific functions. Control mechanisms ensure that this does not cause damage. ROS are highly reactive and cytotoxic and are also deliberately produced by inflammatory cells (granulocytes, macrophages) to kill pathogens. If these chemicals are released inappropriately or excessively, or if control mechanisms are under-functioning, bystander or unintended tissue damage may be caused. The concept of oxidative stress is based on the idea that in certain states, commonly inflammato

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van der Hoeven, Frank, and Alexander Wandl. Hotterdam: How space is making Rotterdam warmer, how this affects the health of its inhabitants, and what can be done about it. TU Delft Open, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.1.

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Heat waves will occur in Rotterdam with greater frequency in the future. Those affected most will be the elderly – a group that is growing in size. In the light of the Paris heat wave of August 2003 and the one in Rotterdam in July 2006, mortality rates among the elderly in particular are likely to rise in the summer. METHOD The aim of the Hotterdam research project was to gain a better understanding of urban heat. The heat was measured and the surface energy balance modelled from that perspective. Social and physical features of the city we identified in detail with the help of satellite imag

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Mikkola, Mari. Pornography. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190640064.001.0001.

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Everyday and philosophical debates concerning pornography are fraught with many difficult questions. These include: What is pornography? What does pornography do (if anything at all)? Is the consumption of pornography a harmless private matter, or does pornography violate women’s civil rights? What, if anything, should legally be done about pornography? Can there be feminist pornography? Answering these questions is complicated by confusion over the conceptual and political commitments of different anti- and pro-pornography positions, and whether these positions are even in tension with one an

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Beninger, Richard J. Drug abuse and incentive learning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0010.

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Drug abuse and incentive learning explains how abused drugs, including nicotine, ethanol, marijuana, amphetamine, cocaine, morphine, and heroin, produce conditioned place preference and are self-administered; dopamine receptor antagonists block these effects. Stimuli that become reliable predictors of drug reward produce burst firing in dopaminergic neurons, but the drug retains its ability to activate dopaminergic neurons. Thus, repeated drug users experience two activations of dopaminergic neurotransmission, one upon exposure to the conditioned stimuli signaling the drug and another upon tak

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Marinescu, Valentina. Global Impact of South Korean Popular Culture. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978737075.

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This volume fills a gap in the existing literature and proposes an interdisciplinary and multicultural comparative approach to the impact of Hallyu worldwide. The contributors analyze the spread of South Korean popular products from different perspectives (popular culture, sociology, anthropology, linguistics) and from different geographical locations (Asia, Europe, North America, and South America). The contributors come from a variety of countries (UK, Japan, Argentina, Poland, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Indonesia, USA, Romania). The volume is divided into three sections and twelve chapters t

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Steane, Andrew. Purpose and Cause. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824589.003.0007.

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The distinction between purpose (‘in order that what?’) and cause (‘owing to what?’) is spelled out. The aim is to unpick the confusion of these concepts that takes place in the writing of Richard Dawkins, especially in The Selfish Gene. Science is a discipline which is competent to address the second question, but which mostly does not address the first. However, it does not follow from this that scientific discourse must conclude that there is no purpose, or that the question of purpose is meaningless. To think that is to misunderstand the very nature of the discourse which scientific model-

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