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Journal articles on the topic 'Dosimeters – Evaluation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Han, Moo Jae, Seung Woo Yang, Sang Il Bae, Young Min Moon, Wan Jeon, Chul Won Choi, Sung Kwang Park, and Jin Young Kim. "Evaluation of monoxide film-based dosimeters for surface dose detection in electron therapy." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): e0251441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251441.

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Generally, electron therapy is applied to tumors on or close to the skin surface. However, this causes a variety of skin-related side effects. To alleviate the risk of these side effects, clinical treatment uses skin dosimeters to verify the therapeutic dose. However, dosimeters suffer from poor accuracy, because their attachment sites are approximated with the help of naked eyes. Therefore, a dosimeter based on a flexible material that can adjust to the contours of the human body is required. In this study, the reproducibility, linearity, dose-rate dependence, and percentage depth ionization (PDI) of PbO and HgO film-based dosimeters are evaluated to explore their potential as large-scale flexible dosimeters. The results demonstrate that both dosimeters deliver impressive reproducibility (within 1.5%) and linearity (≥ 0.9990). The relative standard deviations of the dose-rate dependence of the PbO and HgO dosimeters were 0.94% and 1.16% at 6 MeV, respectively, and 1.08% and 1.25% at 9 MeV, respectively, with the PbO dosimeter outperforming the 1.1% of existing diodes. The PDI analysis of the PbO and HgO dosimeters returned values of 0.014 cm (–0.074 cm) and 0.051 cm (–0.016 cm), respectively at 6 MeV (9 MeV) compared to the thimble chamber and R50. Therefore, the maximum error of each dosimeter is within the allowable range of 0.1 cm. In short, the analysis reveals that the PbO dosimeter delivers a superior performance relative to its HgO counterpart and has strong potential for use as a surface dosimeter. Thus, flexible monoxide materials have the necessary qualities to be used for dosimeters that meet the requisite quality assurance standards and can satisfy a variety of radiation-related applications as flexible functional materials.

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Yoo, Wook Jae, Kyoung Won Jang, Jin Soo Moon, Ki Tek Han, Bong Soo Lee, Seung Hyun Cho, and Sin Kim. "Performance Evaluation of Scintillation Fiber-Optic Dosimeter for Measuring High-Energy Photon Beams." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.701.

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In this study, we have fabricated a fiber-optic dosimeter using an organic scintillator and a plastic optical fiber for measuring percentage depth doses with radiotherapeutic high energy photon beams. The scintillating light generated in an organic dosimeter probe embedded in a solid water phantom is guided by a plastic optical fiber to the light-measuring device. Using this fiber-optic dosimeter, percentage depth doses are measured with 6 and 15 MV energies of photon beams whose field sizes are 2 x 2 and 10 x 10 cm2, and the results are compared with those measured using conventional dosimeters such as an ionization chamber and EBT films used in radiotherapy dosimetry.

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Apelmann, Kowald, Weinrich, Dischinger, Nienhaus, Seide, Martens, and Jürgens. "Radiation Dose to the Eye Lens Through Radiological Imaging Procedures at the Surgical Workplace During Trauma Surgery." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203850.

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Background: Due to the drastic reduction of the eye lens dose limit from 150 mSv per year to 20 mSv per year since 2018, the prospective investigation of the estimated dose of the eye lens by radiological imaging procedures at the surgical site during trauma surgery in the daily work process was carried out. This was also necessary because, as experience shows, with changes in surgical techniques, there are also changes in the use of radiological procedures, and thus an up-to-date inventory can provide valuable information for the assessment of occupationally induced radiation exposure of surgical personnel under the current conditions. Methods: The eye lens radiation exposure was measured over three months for five trauma surgeons, four hand surgeons and four surgical assistants with personalized LPS-TLD-TD 07 partial body dosimeters Hp (0.07). A reference dosimeter was deposited at the surgery changing room. The dosimeters were sent to the LPS (Landesanstalt für Personendosimetrie und Strahlenschutzausbildung) measuring institute (National Institute for Personal Dosimetry and Radiation Protection Training, Berlin) for evaluation after 3 months. The duration of the operation, occupation (assistant, surgeon, etc.), type of surgery (procedure, diagnosis), designation of the X-ray unit, total duration of radiation exposure per operation and dose area product per operation were recorded. Results: Both the evaluation of the dosimeters by the trauma surgeons and the evaluation of the dosimeters by the hand surgeons and the surgical assistants revealed no significant radiation exposure of the eye lens in comparison to the respective measured reference dosimeters. Conclusions: Despite the drastic reduction of the eye lens dose limit from 150 mSv per year to 20 mSv per year, the limit for orthopedic, trauma and hand surgery operations is well below the limit in this setting.

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Einbergs, E., A. Zolotarjovs, I. Bite, J. Cipa, V. Vitola, K. Laganovska, and L. Trinkler. "Re-Evaluation of Chromium Doped Alumina for Dosimetric Applications." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2021-0002.

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Abstract Many medical examinations involve ionizing radiation. Although the range of available dosimeters is rather wide, their linearity and chemical stability are limited. Recently, there has been a growing interest in new, improved dosimetric materials for emerging applications in medicine and other fields, such as sterilisation of consumer goods and medical instruments, irradiation of seeds, chemical agents and others. One of the classical dosimeters is carbon-doped alumina (Al2O3:C) – a well-established and widely used material for personal and industrial dosimeter with a range of great properties, such as high sensitivity, wide linearity range and relative ease of production and handling. However, the demand for reliable dosimeters in a high-dose range is still only partially fulfilled, and alumina doped with chromium ions (Al2O3:Cr) can be a promising candidate. In this study, we explored alumina doped with chromium porous microparticles synthesized with a sol-gel method as a possible high dose dosimeter and evaluated its thermostimulated luminescence signal, dose response with two irradiation sources and measured long-time fading. It was found that although the TSL signal was quite complex (consisting of two main peaks above room temperature) and the long-term fading was significant (around 50 % in the span of 30 days), with sufficient optimisation the material could be used as a high-dose dosimeter for X-ray and beta irradiation. Wide high dose linearity range, physical and chemical characteristics, as well as low production costs and ease of synthesis make chromium (III) doped alumina a compelling candidate for applicability in various medical and industry fields.

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Rabaeh, Khalid, and Ahmed Basfar. "Optical evaluation of dithizone solution as a new radiochromic dosimeter." Pigment & Resin Technology 49, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2019-0091.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a new dithizone solution dosimeter for high radiation applications such as polymers applications and food irradiation. Design/methodology/approach Gamma-rays cell of Co-60 source with 8.4 kGy/h dose rate was used to irradiate the dithizone solutions at different irradiation temperatures. The optical measurements of unirradiated and irradiated dithizone dye solution dosimeters were performed using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer at absorption peaks of 421 and 515 nm. Findings The new dosimeter improved significantly with the increase of dithizone dye concentrations from 0.025 to 0.1 mM. The dosimeter shows a perfect pre- and post-irradiation stability after irradiation for five days. Because of irradiation temperature dependence, the dithizone solution dosimeter should be corrected under actual processing conditions. Practical implications Dosimetry is a key point in quality control of radiation processing to assure that uniform and correct radiation doses are delivered to a region of interest. Therefore, this study introduces a dithizone solution dosimeter for high-dose radiation applications such as food irradiation, polymers applications and agriculture. Originality/value Ionizing radiation interacted with the ethanol solvent, resulting in the formation of free radicals, then these free radicals interacted with the dithizone molecule and changed the dye color from yellow to orange.

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Siti, K. A. R., S. M. Iskandar, A. R. Azhar, M. R. Ramzun, and Mohamed Kamari Halimah. "Acoustic Evaluation of Hema Polymer Gel Dosimeter Phantoms." Advanced Materials Research 895 (February 2014): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.895.169.

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A new method for the evaluation of radiotherapy 3D polymer gel dosimeters has been developed using ultrasound to assess the significant structural changes that occur following irradiation of the dosimeters. Polymer gel dosimeters were being fabricated using a monomer named 2-Hydroxyl-Ethyl-Meta-Acrylate (HEMA) with the presence of gelatine as a gelling agent. The readymade gel which is the concentration for HEMA fixed at 2, 4 and 5% would then undergo an ultrasonic evaluation to test for the propagation of sound speed through it. In the observation of relationship between the ultrasound propagation speeds as the doses increase (focusing at the cross region from overlapped beams) and concentration of monomer, the propagation speed for all the three polymer gel dosimeter phantoms still varies between 1460 to 1570 m/s which is still in the range of speed of sound for human tissue [. The ultrasonic absorption attenuation coefficient dose sensitivity for polymer gel dosimeters for 2, 4 and 5% of monomer are in the range of 0.02 to 0.6 dB which is equivalent to human tissue. As a comparison, it can be seen that gel phantoms with high concentration of monomer (5%) is more sensitive to the radiation compared to the lower (2% and 4%) concentrations. Regarding the absolute results of mechanical and acoustic properties; the copolymer-in-oil phantom is equivalent with soft tissue.

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Gerasia, Roberta, Dario Ligresti, Fabio Cipolletta, Antonino Granata, Ilaria Tarantino, Luca Barresi, Michele Amata, et al. "Endoscopist’s occupational dose evaluation related to correct wearing of dosimeter during X-ray-guided procedures." Endoscopy International Open 07, no. 03 (February 28, 2019): E367—E371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0841-3350.

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Abstract Background Since endoscopists performing procedures in the endoscopy suite can change their position by turning their back, side or front toward the X-ray source, this study aimed to establish whether dosimeter position affects the correct evaluation of an endoscopist’s personal radiation exposure during X-ray-guided procedures. Materials and methods Between January and February 2018, two dosimeters specularly placed outside the lead apron (anterior one on the chest and posterior one on the back) measured endoscopists’ personal dose equivalent (Hp) during 62 X-ray-guided procedures on adult and pediatric patients. Procedures were divided into three groups considering the position taken by the endoscopist with respect to the radiation source. For each group, the difference between mean Hp from the anterior and posterior dosimeters was calculated. Results A statistically significant difference in mean Hp was recorded for the endoscopists’ frontal and back positions (P = 0.014, and P < 0.00001, respectively). No significant difference was found in mean Hp for the side position (P = 0.489). Conclusions The position of personal dosimeters affects the correct evaluation of endoscopists’ radiation exposure during X-ray-guided procedures when frontal and back positions were recorded. To correctly evaluate radiation doses, the whole-body dosimeter should be worn according to the position of the endoscopist with respect to the radiation source; otherwise, it results in an incorrect personal dose evaluation, which may lead to substantial underestimation of staff exposure.

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Abraheem, Abeer Z., F. Khamis, and Y. A. Abdulla. "TL Characteristics and Dosimetric Aspects of Mg-Doped ZnO." European Journal of Applied Physics 3, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.1.37.

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Dosimetry characterization and the evaluation of kinetics parameters of trapping states of Mg-doped ZnO phosphors synthesized by Sol-Gel technique. The thermoluminescence response of Mg-doped ZnO samples showed a linear response when exposed to X-ray radiation and the optimum annealing condition was 400oC/4h for the three concentrations. A broad-shaped TL glow curve with an upper bound of 270 °C, which shifts to lower temperatures with increasing dose, indicating that general order (GO) kinetics thermoluminescence processes are involved. We conclude that the ZnO doped Mg phosphors under study are promises to develop dosimeters for high radiation dose measurements. Kinetic parameters, such as activation energy (E), frequency factor (s), and order of kinematic order (b), were estimated by the Glow Curve Deconvolution (GCD) method. ZnO:Mg phosphor has a great potential as a dosimeter for monitoring in the fields of ionizing radiation.

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de Almeida, Shirlane Barbosa, Daniel Villani, Roberto Kenji Sakuraba, Ana Carolina Pires de Rezende, Silas Cardoso Santos, and Letícia Lucente Campos. "Dosimetric evaluation employing TL and OSL techniques with different luminescent materials for clinical evaluation of extremity doses using electron beams applied to Total-Irradiation-of-Skin treatments." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 48 (January 2018): 1860110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518601102.

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Total-skin electron beam (TSEB) irradiation is used to deliver a homogeneous dose distribution over the entire skin surface of a patient. TSEB dosimetry is quite complex as to the evaluation and measurement of absorbed dosage in the cutaneous region. This paper evaluates the performance of different dosimetric materials, using TL and OSL dosimetry, in the extremity-dose assessment of TSEB treatments using the six-dual-field technique and an anthropomorphic phantom. Dosimeters were selected with repeatability better than [Formula: see text] and calibrated to 6-MeV electron-beam dosimetry. Measurements were conducted in the abdominal region as a reference point and on the extremities. Results show expected deviations ranging up to [Formula: see text] in the dose received in the extremities and good results in dose assessment using all dosimetric materials tested.

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Manzoli, José Eduardo, Vicente de Paulo de Campos, and Mirian Saori Doi. "Evaluation of reproductibility and detection limit of CaSO4: dy radiation detectors." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, spe (January 2006): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000200009.

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Measurement response of thermoluminescent dosimeter, TLD, used by workers or placed at positions where gamma radiation field could be in action affecting biological tissues, should be completely characterized, in order to achieve the radiation quantity with precision and confidence. Among the evaluations concerned to its characterization, the detector reproductibility is of fundamental importance, because detectors present inside the TLD will be used many times in routine. Reproductibility is studied by repeated exposure to the same radiation field. The minimum detection limit is another important characteristics of a TLD. In this work evaluations of reproductibility and minimum detection are presented, for dosimeters produced at IPEN.

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Mather, Melissa L., Andrew K. Whittaker, and Clive Baldock. "Ultrasound evaluation of polymer gel dosimeters." Physics in Medicine and Biology 47, no. 9 (April 19, 2002): 1449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/9/302.

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Radaideh, Khaldoon M., Laila M. Matalqah, A. A. Tajuddin, W. I. Fabian Lee, S. Bauk, and E. M. Eid Abdel Munem. "Development and evaluation of a Perspex anthropomorphic head and neck phantom for three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT)." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 12, no. 3 (April 22, 2013): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396912000453.

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AbstractPurposesTo design, construct and evaluate an anthropomorphic head and neck phantom for the dosimetric evaluation of 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) dose planning and delivery, for protocols developed by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG).Materials and methodsAn anthropomorphic head and neck phantom was designed and fabricated using Perspex material with delineated planning target volumes (PTVs) and organs at risk (OARs) regions. The phantom was imaged, planned and irradiated conformally by a 3D-CRT plan. Dosimetry within the phantom was assessed using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). The reproducibility of phantoms and TLD readings were checked by three repeated identical irradiations. Subsequent three clinical 3D-CRT plans for nasopharyngeal patients have been verified using the phantom. Measured doses from each dosimeter were compared with those acquired from the treatment planning system (TPS).ResultsPhantom's measured doses were reproducible with <3·5% standard deviation between the three TLDs’ repeated measurements. Verification of three head and neck 3D-CRT patients’ plans was implemented, and good agreement between measured values and those predicted by TPS was found. The percentage dose difference for TLD readings matched those corresponding to the calculated dose to within 4%.ConclusionThe good agreement between predicted and measured dose shows that the phantom is a useful and efficient tool for 3D-CRT technique dosimetric verification.

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Albritton, Ford D., Joseph L. Smith, Fazlur R. Zahurullah, Michael Armstrong, Don A. Duplan, James A. Gershow, and Frederick A. Kuhn. "Surgeon Radiation Exposure in ESS Using Balloon Catheters." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P80—P81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.259.

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Objective Less invasive instruments such as balloon catheters are now available to dilate sinus ostia during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Currently, balloon catheter position is confirmed under fluoroscopic visualization, which emits ionizing radiation. Radiation exposure has long been an area of concern. This study was initiated to determine radiation exposure to surgeons who used fluoroscopy with balloon catheters during ESS. Methods A multi-center, prospective evaluation of surgeon radiation exposure was conducted. For 3 months, each sinus surgeon (9 surgeons) wore 2 dosimeters to record radiation exposure when using C-arm fluoroscopy during surgery utilizing balloon catheter instruments. One dosimeter was placed at collar level (chest badge), outside the lead surgical apron and another dosimeter was placed on a finger (extremity badge). These dosimeters were sent for readings. Deep, eye, and shallow radiation dose for each surgeon was calculated. Results 9 chest badges recorded annualized averages of 104, 100, and 104 millirems for deep, eye, and shallow exposure respectively. 8 ring badges recorded 312 millirems. Conclusions A recent publication has reported low levels of surgeon radiation exposure during a clinical study. This study further validates that radiation exposure among experienced surgeons is well below the annual occupational radiation exposure limit (Shallow Dose Equivalent) of 50,000 millirem. With vigilant technique and education, reliance on fluoroscopy can be minimized.

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Beddar, A. S., M. Salehpour, T. M. Briere, H. Hamidian, and M. T. Gillin. "Preliminary evaluation of implantable MOSFET radiation dosimeters." Physics in Medicine and Biology 50, no. 1 (December 17, 2004): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/1/011.

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Damulira, Edrine, Muhammad Nur Salihin Yusoff, Ahmad Fairuz Omar, and Nur Hartini Mohd Taib. "A Review: Photonic Devices Used for Dosimetry in Medical Radiation." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102226.

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Numerous instruments such as ionization chambers, hand-held and pocket dosimeters of various types, film badges, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) are used to measure and monitor radiation in medical applications. Of recent, photonic devices have also been adopted. This article evaluates recent research and advancements in the applications of photonic devices in medical radiation detection primarily focusing on four types; photodiodes – including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), phototransistors—including metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), photovoltaic sensors/solar cells, and charge coupled devices/charge metal oxide semiconductors (CCD/CMOS) cameras. A comprehensive analysis of the operating principles and recent technologies of these devices is performed. Further, critical evaluation and comparison of their benefits and limitations as dosimeters is done based on the available studies. Common factors barring photonic devices from being used as radiation detectors are also discussed; with suggestions on possible solutions to overcome these barriers. Finally, the potentials of these devices and the challenges of realizing their applications as quintessential dosimeters are highlighted for future research and improvements.

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Kreutzer, Sebastian, Loïc Martin, Guillaume Guérin, Chantal Tribolo, Pierre Selva, and Norbert Mercier. "Environmental dose rate determination using a passive dosimeter: Techniques and workflow for α-Al2O3:C chips." Geochronometria 45, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0086.

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Abstract In situ dosimetry (active, passive dosimeters) provides high accuracy by determining environmental dose rates directly in the field. Passive dosimeters, such as α-Al2O3:C, are of particular interest for sites with desired minimum disturbance (e.g., archaeological sites). Here, we present a comprehensive approach obtaining the environmental cosmic and γ-dose rate using α-Al2O3:C chips. Our procedure consists of (1) homemade field containers, (2) a homemade bleaching box, (3) a rapid measurement sequence and (4) software based on R to process the measurement results. Our validation steps include reproducibility, irradiation time correction, cross-talk evaluation and source calibration. We further simulate the effect of the container against the infinite matrix dose rate, resulting in attenuation of ca. 6%. Our measurement design uses a lexsyg SMART luminescence reader equipped with green LEDs. The irradiation is carried out under the closed β-source. The minimum dose that can be determined was estimated with ca. 10 μGy. However, we also show that for the equipment used, an irradiation time correction of ca. 2.6 s is needed and irradiation cross-talk should be taken into account. The suggested procedure is cross-checked with four reference sites at Clermont-Ferrand showing a good γ-dose rate for three out of the four sites. Finally, an application example, including needed analytical steps, is presented for dosimeters buried at the archaeological site of the Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain).

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Şahin, Serdar, Eren Şahiner, Fatih Göksel, and Niyazi Meriç. "Comprehensive evaluation of electron radiation dose using beryllium oxide dosimeters at breast radiotherapy." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 19, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396919000190.

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AbstractIntroduction:In this study, the differences between calculated and measured dose values were then analysed to assess the performance, in terms of accuracy, of the tested treatment planning system (TPS) algorithms applied to calculate electron beam dose targeted and non-targeted the breast region.Materials and methods:The beryllium oxide (BeO) dosimeters placed on the female RANDO phantom were irradiated 12 MeV electron energy with medical linear accelerator and repeatedly read in the Risø thermoluminescence (TL)/optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) system via OSL method at least three times.Results:For electron treatment, one made quantitative comparisons of the dose distributions calculated by TPSs with those from the measurements by OSL at various points in the RANDO phantom.The mean dose measured from the dosimeters placed on the female RANDO phantom target left breast region was 160 cGy and non-target right breast region was 1·2 cGy. Analysis of Generalised Gaussian Pencil Beam (GGPB) and Electron Monte Carlo (eMC) algorithms for determined region mean point dose values, respectively, 174 and 164 cGy. Two algorithms for non-targeted region calculated same point dose values of 0·2 cGy.Conclusions:The results of this study showed that BeO dosimeters can be used with OSL method in radiotherapy applications and it is a very important tool for the determination of targeted/non-targeted absorbed dose.

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Lalli, N. K., C. Usher, and N. D. MacDougall. "Evaluation of MOSFET Dosimeters for IMRT Field Verification." Clinical Oncology 19, no. 3 (April 2007): S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2007.01.382.

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Foroni, R., G. Gambraini, U. Danesi, M. Mauri, E. Pompilio, L. Pirola, A. Nicolato, P. Ferraresi, and M. Gerosa. "New dosimetric approach for multidimensional dose evaluation in gamma knife radiosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 93, supplement_3 (December 2000): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.93.supplement_3.0239.

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✓ During the past two decades, the progress in computerized treatment planning systems has led to more accurate imaging and therapy by using the gamma knife, especially with the smallest collimators (4 mm). However, the ionization chambers that have been used to calibrate the gamma knife are not useful with the smallest collimators because the chambers are too big compared with the irradiated volume. Therefore, it is important to develop more suitable dosimeters. This study proposes a new dosimeter method. The FriXyGel method proposed here is based on a phantom dosimeter, an acquisition chain, and dedicated software. This dosimeter uses an agarose gel into which a ferrous sulphate solution (Fricke solution) and a metal ion indicator (xylenol orange) are incorporated. The absorbed dose is detected through measurements of visible light transmission, imaged by means of a charge-coupled device camera provided with a suitable optical filter. Gel layers are imaged before and after irradiation, and the differences in light absorption are related to the absorbed dose. By choosing convenient thickness of gel layers and by building up a phantom with different gel slices, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the absorbed dose. The final 3D representation is reached after several mathematical processes have been applied to the images. The first step identifies and reduces all factors that could alter the original data, such as nonuniformity in illumination. Then, after calibration procedures, it is possible to obtain absorbed dose values and to discover their 3D representation. This goal has been reached by developing appropriate software that performs all the calculations necessary for spatial representation routines and prompt comparison with theoretical calculations.

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Sherbini, S., J. Sykes, S. W. Porter, and G. Lodde. "Experimental Evaluation of a Method for Performing Personnel Beta Dosimetry Using Multielement Thermoluminescent Dosimeters." Health Physics 49, no. 1 (July 1985): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198507000-00005.

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Hill, R., Z. Mo, M. Haque, and C. Baldock. "SU-EE-A2-02: Evaluation of Radiation Dosimeters for Kilovoltage X-Ray Beam Dosimetry." Medical Physics 34, no. 6Part2 (June 2007): 2336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2760371.

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An, J., S. Lim, S. Lee, H. Kim, K. Min, Y. Cho, and K. Lee. "Evaluation of radiation exposure from fluoroscopic examination in small animal veterinary staff using thermoluminescent dosimeters." Veterinární Medicína 64, No. 6 (June 20, 2019): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/141/2018-vetmed.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occupational radiation exposure levels of veterinary staff during fluoroscopic examination using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). A prospective study was conducted to measure radiation doses in three positioned persons (two restrainers and one observer) using TLDs. The TLDs were placed on the inside and outside of the lead-equivalent protective devices of the panorama mask, thyroid shield, apron and arm shield. The TLDs were placed at five anatomic sites (eye, thyroid, breast, gonad and hand). Radiation exposure was measured in 65 fluoroscopic examinations at 80 kVp and 100 mAs. The doses (mSv) (outside/inside the shield) measured in restrainers A and B and observer C were 3.09/0.59, 3.80/0.65 and 0.63/0.44 in the eye; 2.20/0.73, 1.88/1.10 and 0.79/0.45 in the thyroid; 3.42/0.44, 3.94/2.35 and 0.61/0.34 in the breast; 1.84/0.45, 1.69/0.23 and 0.46/0.36 in the gonad; and 5.56/3.16, 8.29/2.99 and 0.79/0.34 in the hand, respectively. Out of all the lead protection devices, the radiation dose of the hand was the highest in all three participants, with the thyroid radiation dose value being the same as the hand in the observer C. Radiation doses received by the eyes of all three participants were also not negligible. Veterinary workers exposed to radiation through not only radiography but also fluoroscopy should wear protective gear, especially for the eyes.

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Müller, R., and T. Otto. "An automatic evaluation system for NTA film neutron dosimeters." Radiation Measurements 31, no. 1-6 (June 1999): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4487(99)00094-3.

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Gawthorpe, B. L., and A. Burns. "P21 Evaluation of NED and AEGIS personal extremity dosimeters." Nuclear Medicine Communications 27, no. 12 (December 2006): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-200612000-00072.

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Nikiforova, M. Y., and B. I. Podlepetsky. "Evaluation of commercial PIN diodes as gamma radiation dosimeters." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 498 (April 16, 2019): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/498/1/012015.

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Nasr, A., T. Olding, L. J. Schreiner, and K. B. McAuley. "Preliminary evaluation of diacetylene-based 3D micelle gel dosimeters." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 444 (June 26, 2013): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/444/1/012041.

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Maghraby, Ahmed M., A. Mansour, and A. A. Abdel-Fattah. "Taurine-EVA copolymer-paraffin rods dosimeters for EPR high-dose radiation dosimetry." Nukleonika 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2014-0005.

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Abstract Taurine/EPR rods (3 × 10 mm) have been prepared by a simple technique in the laboratory where taurine powder was mixed with a molten mixture of paraffin wax and an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. The binding mixture EVA/Paraffin does not present interference or noise in the EPR signal before or after irradiation. The rods show good mechanical properties for safe and multi-use handling. An EPR investigation of radiation induced radicals in taurine rods revealed that there are two types of radicals produced after exposure to gamma radiation (60Co). EPR spectra were recorded and analyzed - also the microwave power saturation and modulation amplitude were studied and optimized. Response of taurine to different radiation doses (1.5-100 kGy) was studied and found to follow a linear relationship up to 100 kGy. Radiation induced radicals in taurine persists and showed a noticeable stability over 94 days following irradiation. Uncertainities associated with the evaluation of radiation doses using taurine dosimeters were discussed and tabulated. It was found that taurine possesses good dosimetric properties using EPR spectroscopy in high doses in addition to its simple spectrum.

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Vasiliev, A., M. Pecchia, D. Rochman, and H. Ferroukhi. "ENHANCEMENT OF VALIDATION STUDIES FOR REACTOR DOSIMETRY AND ACTIVATION PREDICTIONS WITH THE NUCLEAR DATA SAMPLING METHODOLOGY." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 10021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124710021.

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The CASMO/SIMULATE/MCNP/FISPACT-II calculation route has been established at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) for reactor dosimetry and activation studies. Furthermore, the in-house tool NUSS is in use at PSI for nuclear data (ND) related uncertainties quantifications with Monte Carlo neutron transport calculations. The use of randomly sampled ACE-formatted ND files not only allows propagation of the ND uncertainties, but also can serve for assessing the applicability of different types of experimental data for validation of calculation predictions of parameters of interest. In the present work an application of the PSI calculation scheme for analysis of activation reaction rates and the fast neutron fluence (FNF), throughout the Swiss pressurised water reactor (PWR) and simplified containment building models, is demonstrated. As particular examples of potentially available experimental data, two kinds of the neutron flux monitors are considered: a) the reactor pressure vessel scraping samples and detectors placed in the dosimetry channels, mounted at the core barrel and designed for validation of FNF calculations, and b) the ex-vessel dosimeters, specifically used by the Swiss waste management organisation (NAGRA) for validation of bio-shield activation predictions. The calculations were done with the ENDF/B-VII.1 library. The obtained results demonstrate importance of the ND uncertainties for the dosimetry evaluations. The assessment of the applicability of the selected experimental information for validation of the bio-shield irradiation calculations was done based on evaluation of the ND-related Pearson correlation coefficients.

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Sun, P., Y. C. Fu, J. Hu, N. Hao, W. Huang, and B. Jiang. "Development and dosimetric evaluation of radiochromic PCDA vesicle gel dosimeters." Radiation Measurements 85 (February 2016): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.12.037.

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Edgecock, R., J. Matheson, M. Weber, E. Giulio Villani, R. Bose, A. Khan, D. R. Smith, I. Adil-Smith, and A. Gabrielli. "Evaluation of commercial programmable floating gate devices as radiation dosimeters." Journal of Instrumentation 4, no. 02 (February 16, 2009): P02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/4/02/p02002.

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Khoei, S., J. V. Trapp, and C. M. Langton. "Quantitative evaluation of polymer gel dosimeters by broadband ultrasound attenuation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 444 (June 26, 2013): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/444/1/012084.

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Ito, Hajime, Ikuo Kobayashi, Kazutoshi Watanabe, Shigehiro Ochi, and Noriyuki Yanagawa. "Evaluation of scattered radiation from fluoroscopy using small OSL dosimeters." Radiological Physics and Technology 12, no. 4 (November 6, 2019): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12194-019-00536-4.

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Elsholtz, Fabian Henry Jürgen, Janis Lucas Vahldiek, Sebastian Wyschkon, Maximilian De Bucourt, Gerd Koletzko, Bernd Hamm, and Stefan Markus Niehues. "Radiation exposure of radiologists during different types of CT-guided interventions: an evaluation using dosimeters placed above and under lead protection." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185119852734.

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Background Computed tomography (CT) is widely used not only for diagnostic purposes but also for image guidance during different types of interventions. Therefore, radiation exposure of both patients and interventional radiologists remains a much-discussed topic. Purpose To quantify radiation exposure of interventional radiologists during multiple CT-guided interventions using dosimeters placed under and outside standard protective lead clothing. Material and Methods A total of 113 consecutive interventions covering three different types of procedures (grouped as periradicular infiltration therapy, biopsies, and drain placement) and performed using routine clinical protocols were prospectively analyzed. The interventions were performed by two radiologists of different experience levels with identically placed dosimeters outside and underneath their protective clothing. Personal doses (right hand, eye lens, thyroid gland, thorax, gonads) were cumulatively measured for each type of intervention and separately for the two radiologists. Results Personal dose was below the detection limit of the dosimeters during periradicular infiltration therapy. In the biopsy and drain placement groups, the highest dose was found for the right hand (maximum cumulative dose = 1.84 ± 1.30 mSv in 19 consecutive drain placements). Under the protective gear, exposure was only observed for drain placements performed by the less experienced radiologist (maximum = 0.05 ± 0.04 mSv for the eye lens). Conclusion Personal doses measured here were far below annual thresholds published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Therefore, performing multiple CT-guided interventions appears to be safe for interventional radiologists in terms of radiation exposure.

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Skubacz, Krystian. "Evaluation of the detection features of UD-807 dosimeters and their suitability for use in personal dosimetry." Radiation Measurements 95 (December 2016): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.11.001.

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Gorjiara, Tina, Robin Hill, Zdenka Kuncic, and Clive Baldock. "Water equivalency evaluation of PRESAGE®dosimeters for dosimetry of Cs-137 and Ir-192 brachytherapy sources." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 250 (November 1, 2010): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/250/1/012093.

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Radaideh, Khaldoon. "Evaluation of thermoplastic Klarity mask use during intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck carcinoma." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 17, no. 2 (January 8, 2018): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396917000632.

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AbstractAimTo evaluate the Klarity® Mask with respect to skin doses and toxicity secondary to head and neck cancer radiation treatment.Materials and methodsThis prospective study included five nasopharyngeal cancer patients who underwent intensity-modulated radiation therapy and monitored for skin toxicity. An anatomical Perspex head and neck phantom was designed and used. All patients’ treatment plans were separately transferred to the phantom. Dosimetric measurements were performed using chip-shaped thermoluminescent dosimeters (LiF:Mg,Ti TLDs) which were distributed at certain target points on the phantom. Phantom was irradiated twicely with and without a Klarity® Mask. Three fractions for each patient plan were obtained and compared with treatment planning system (TPS) doses as guided by computed tomography.ResultsThe Klarity mask used for patient immobilisation increased the surface dose by 10·83% more than that without the mask. The average variations between skin dose measurements with and without the Klarity mask for all patients’ plans ranged from 10·26 to 11·83%. TPS overestimated the surface dose by 19·13% when compared with thermoluminescent dosimeters that measured the direct skin dose.ConclusionsKlarity immobilisation mask increases skin doses, as a consequence, surface dose measurements should be monitored and must be taken into account.

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Haga, Yoshihiro, Koichi Chida, Yuichiro Kimura, Shinsuke Yamanda, Masahiro Sota, Mitsuya Abe, Yuji Kaga, Taiichiro Meguro, and Masayuki Zuguchi. "Radiation eye dose to medical staff during respiratory endoscopy under X-ray fluoroscopy." Journal of Radiation Research 61, no. 5 (July 13, 2020): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rraa034.

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Abstract Although the clinical value of fluoroscopically guided respiratory endoscopy (bronchoscopy) is clear, there have been very few studies on the radiation dose received by staff during fluoroscopically guided bronchoscopy. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is suggesting reducing the occupational lens dose limit markedly from 150 to 20 mSv/year, averaged over defined periods of five years. The purpose of this study was to clarify the current occupational eye dose of bronchoscopy staff conducting fluoroscopically guided procedures. We measured the occupational eye doses (3-mm-dose equivalent, Hp(3)) of bronchoscopy staff (physicians and nurses) over a 6-month period. The eye doses of eight physicians and three nurses were recorded using a direct eye dosimeter, the DOSIRIS. We also estimated eye doses using personal dosimeters worn at the neck. The mean ± SD radiation eye doses (DOSIRIS) to physicians and nurses were 7.68 ± 5.27 and 2.41 ± 1.94 mSv/6 months, respectively. The new lens dose limit, 20 mSv/year, may be exceeded among bronchoscopy staff, especially physicians. The eye dose of bronchoscopy staff (both physicians and nurses) was underestimated when measured using a neck dosimeter. Hence, the occupational eye dose of bronchoscopy staff should be monitored. To reduce the occupational eye dose, we recommend that staff performing fluoroscopically guided bronchoscopy wear Pb glasses. correct evaluation of the lens dose [Hp(3)] using an eye dosimeter such as the DOSIRIS is necessary for bronchoscopy staff.

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Gonçalves, J. A. C., L. N. Pereira, M. P. A. Potiens, V. Vivolo, and C. C. Bueno. "Evaluation of epitaxial silicon diodes as dosimeters in X-ray mammography." Radiation Measurements 71 (December 2014): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.07.014.

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Briere, Tina Marie, A. Sam Beddar, and Michael T. Gillin. "Evaluation of precalibrated implantable MOSFET radiation dosimeters for megavoltage photon beams." Medical Physics 32, no. 11 (October 18, 2005): 3346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2065447.

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40

Straume, T., C. J. Mertens, T. C. Lusby, B. Gersey, W. K. Tobiska, R. B. Norman, G. P. Gronoff, and A. Hands. "Ground-based evaluation of dosimeters for NASA high-altitude balloon flight." Space Weather 14, no. 11 (November 2016): 1011–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016sw001406.

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41

Azorin, J., C. Bacci, C. Furetta, A. Gutierrez, and B. Rispoli. "Evaluation of kinetics parameters of CaF2:Tm (TLD-300)TL dosimeters." Thermochimica Acta 135 (October 1988): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(88)87374-x.

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42

Chida, K., Y. Morishima, H. Masuyama, H. Chiba, Y. Katahira, Y. Inaba, I. Mori, et al. "Effect of radiation monitoring method and formula differences on estimated physician dose during percutaneous coronary intervention." Acta Radiologica 50, no. 2 (March 2009): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850802616745.

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Background: Currently, one or two dosimeters are used to monitor radiation exposure in most cardiac laboratories. In addition, several different formulas are used to convert exposure data into an effective dose (ED). Purpose: To clarify the effect of monitoring methods and formula selection on the estimated ED for physicians during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). Material and Methods: The ED of physicians during cardiac catheterization was determined using an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (Luxel badge). Two Luxel badges were worn: one beneath a personal lead apron (0.35-mm lead equivalent) at the chest and one outside of the apron at the neck. Results: The difference in the average ED of seven physicians was approximately fivefold (range 1.13–5.43 mSv/year) using the six different formulas in the clinical evaluation. The estimated physician ED differed markedly according to both the monitoring method and formula selected. Conclusion: ED estimation is dependent on both the monitoring method and the formula used. Therefore, it is important that comparisons among laboratories are based on the same monitoring method and same formula for calculating the ED.

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Huang, O., J. Adamovics, and G. Ibbott. "SU-E-T-67: Evaluation of the 3D Dosimetry of the Nucletron MHDR-V2 Source Using PRESAGETM Dosimeters." Medical Physics 40, no. 6Part11 (June 2013): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4814502.

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Lin, Yi-Chun, Min-Chi Chiu, Chin-Chi Chen, Chun-Liang Chen, Ming-Chen Yuan, Chien-Hau Chu, Teng-Hung Tsou, and Tseng-Te Huang. "Proficiency testing and dose comparison for external personnel dosimeters evaluation in Taiwan." Radiation Measurements 135 (July 2020): 106345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106345.

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45

Bacci, M., M. Picollo, S. Porcinai, and B. Radicati. "Evaluation of the museum environmental risk by means of tempera-painted dosimeters." Thermochimica Acta 365, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(00)00610-9.

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46

Weaver, Randi D., Bruce J. Gerbi, and Kathryn E. Dusenbery. "Evaluation of dose variation during total skin electron irradiation using thermoluminescent dosimeters." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 33, no. 2 (September 1995): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(95)00161-q.

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Reilly, David O’, Kashan Qayyum, Patrick McCavana, MAJED ALHARBI, and Mark Foley. "Initial evaluation of the temperature dependence of novel inorganic optical fibre dosimeters." Physica Medica 84 (April 2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.01.025.

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Nguyen, Duc Tuan, Van Dien Mai, Duc Ky Bui, Vu Long Chu, Van Tien Vu, and Thuy Mai Nguyen Thi. "Development of measurement methods and dose evaluating algorithms for electronic personal dosimeter." Nuclear Science and Technology 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v7i3.101.

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For personal radiation dose monitoring, electronic personal dosimeters (EPD), also known as active personal dosimeter (APD), using silicon diode detector have the advantage capability of measuring and displaying directly the exposure results of gamma, beta and neutron radiations in real time. They are mainly considered as good complement to passive dosimeters to satisfy ALARA principle in the radiation protection. In this paper, the meansurement methods and algorithms for evaluating personal dose equivalents such as Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) from air-kerma are studied and developed in two directions: the first, named energy correction method based on incident energy determined by the ratio of two detector responses with the different filter configurations; the second new method is carried out in the way that matching the shape of a detector’s energy response curve to the kerma-to-personal dose equivalent conversion function provides an approximate means of determining the dose equivalent without the need to resolve the actual incident energies. The algorithm has also been experimentally verified at Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) of INST by the beam of radiation defined in ISO 4037-1. The obtained results of personal dose equivalents with errors almost less than 30% in energy range from 20 keV to 1.5 MeV are partially met the EPD design requirements according to the IEC 61526 Standard. The work and results of described in this paper are important basics for design and construction of completed electronic personal dosimeter.

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Bravim, A., R. K. Sakuraba, J. C. Cruz, and L. L. Campos. "Evaluation of TL response and intrinsic efficiency of TL dosimeters irradiated using different phantoms in clinical electron beam dosimetry." Radiation Measurements 71 (December 2014): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.04.005.

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Harrop, S., F. Cao, K. Kohli, E. Harvey, and P. Dubrowski. "SU-E-T-130: Evaluation of Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeters as An In-Vivo Dosimeter for Breast Surface Dose Measurement." Medical Physics 38, no. 6Part12 (June 2011): 3516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3612081.

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