Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dosimètres'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 48 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Dosimètres.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Gessinn, Frédéric. "Dosimètres M. O. S. De rayonnements ionisants : sensibilité et stabilité." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0008.
Full textJarnet, Delphine. "Conception et caractérisation d'un fil dosimétrique co-extrudé de LiF:Mg, Cu, P. : Utilisation en dosimétrie in-vivo et en radioprotection." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0505.
Full textSeveral indirect methods based on imaging and analytical calculations were used to estimate dose delivered to tissues during internal radiotherapies. Nevertheless, no dosimetric tool for direct in-vivo measurements is available for routine. Then, new thermoluminescent (LiF: Mg, Cu, P) dosimetric threads of 400 ưm diameter have been developped (S. Martin 1999). In a first step, we worked on the production methodology and the formulation in order to improve initial threads. Those studies led to a 40% sensitivity increase and the possibility to sterilize these threads by humid steam (134ʿC/18 min). Then, they were cross-calibrated with Co-60 for different radiations and energies. More, their biocompatibility was verified in liver and skin for 8 weeks by immuno-histochemistry studies. Thus, those dosimetric threads of LiF: Mg, Cu, P could be use in many domains because of their shape (thread of 600 ưm diameter), their high sensitivity (100 ưGy) and their easy sterilisation by humid heat. Studies of radioprotection were done: the skin patient dosimetry during scanner examination and doses delivered at finger level of nuclear medicine and operating room staffs. Furthermore, they were implanted in nude mice (model of colic adenocarcinoma) to validate their responses after external irradiation and to measure in-situ the dose delivered to the tumor and the liver after a radioimmunotherapy treatment (correlation with analytical methods). Those threads open up the ways for new domains of investigation like radioprotection in sterile environment as well as direct in-vivo measurements
Gouriou, Jean. "Utilisation des méthodes de Monte Carlo pour l'analyse de l'influence des facteurs biologiques et physiques en dosimétrie interne." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30003.
Full textDaoud, Marcel. "Etude du fluorure de calcium pour la réalisation de plaques thermoluminescentes : mise au point d'un lecteur à chauffage par laser." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20319.
Full textMeyer, Philippe. "Contribution au processus d'optimisation de la radioprotection en radiologie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13074.
Full textEd-Dahabi, Mohamed Kamal. "Chauffage par laser de dosimètres thermoluminescents : application à la mesure des bêtas de faible énergie." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20226.
Full textLacroix, Frédéric. "Conception d'un prototype clinique de dosimètre matriciel à fibres scintillantes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24472/24472.pdf.
Full textPlazas, Maria Cristina. "Exploitation qualitative et quantitative de la dosimétrie 3-D pour la planification conformationnelle des irradiations intracrâniennes en radiochirurgie." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30222.
Full textVilleneuve, Maxime. "Conception d'un dosimètre à fibre scintillante pour la curiethérapie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25891/25891.pdf.
Full textCoulaud, Jérémy. "Sécurisation des traitements radiothérapeutiques du cancer : validation physique des plans théoriques de radiothérapie par des fantômes dosimétriques anthropomorphes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30123.
Full textThe new radiotherapy treatments, such as stereotactic radiosurgery, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IRTM) or Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), require to precisely irradiate the living tissues and to know the effective delivered dose. A computer-based method par TPS (Treatment Planning System), is normally used to define the radiation therapy treatment plan, but it requires specific 3D information. The conventional detectors, such as ionizing chamber, thermoluminescent detectors or films, allow to 1D or 2D measurements whereas, with a chemical dosimeter, it is possible to obtain a 3D dosimetry which allows to control the treatment plan for the patient, independently on the radiation type or on the radiation flux. A chemical gel which presents physico-chemical properties as well as texture morphology proximal to those of biological living tissues, is important in order to control the adsorbed doses in organ-at-risk. In this research two different strategies have been followed, firstly the formulation of new gels, equivalent tissue for breast (adipose tissue) lung and bone has been checked depending their interaction with photons, electrons and neutrons; then their use with low energy photon flow has been verified. The dosimetric characteristics, that have been studied, follow the recommendations of ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements) and show a good agreement between these gels and the biological tissues as recommended by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). Physico-chemical studied have been performed in order to characterize the equivalent tissue gels, such as viscosity, diffusion, mechanical properties, oxygen concentration, gel and cooling time, and the absorbed doses in the conditions of radiation therapy treatment. We have been interested also in validating the equivalent breast gel for low energy photon flow as in the case of Intraoperative radiation therapy using Intrabeam. The final goal was to prepare an anthropomorphic phantom to use in planning the radiation treatment; actually, this first prototype allows to determine the effective delivered dose only near the equivalent lung and bone; some modifications in the IRM sequences as well as in the formulation of the equivalent tissues have been planned to improve the phantom
Côté, François. "Conception et réalisation d'un dosimètre à fibre scintillante en curiethérapie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24578/24578.pdf.
Full textVaissière, Nicolas. "Synthèse de films de diamant de haute qualité cristalline pour la réalisation de dosimètres pour la radiothérapie." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022652.
Full textRiffaud, Jonathan. "Amélioration de la méthode de mesure de l'activité de dosimètres émetteurs de rayons X irradiés en réacteur nucléaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS225/document.
Full textReactor dosimetry is used to determine the neutron fluence during an irradiation and to characterize its spectrum (neutron energy distribution). This technique is based on the analysis of the activity of irradiated dosimeters, made of pure metals or alloys. The activity measurement of these samples is performed by gamma and/or X-ray spectrometry and is currently based on specific standard dosimeters, validated for the measurement conditions. The goal of the thesis is to avoid this calibration step and to be able to directly measure the activity of the sample. The study focused specifically on niobium and rhodium dosimeters which are used to characterize neutrons in the energy range around 1 MeV. Their activation produces 93mNb and 103mRh, respectively. These two radionuclides decay through an isomeric gamma transition, emitting mainly K X-rays with energies around 20 keV, on which the spectrometric activity measurement is based. However, owing to their low energy, these X-rays are particularly difficult to measure accurately. The various parameters required to determine the activity of the dosimeters, with a relative standard uncertainty of around 2%, were studied in detail. The work initially focused on the calibration of hyper-pure germanium (HPGe) detectors in the energy range between 11 keV and 150 keV. This is a crucial step in determining the activity of a radionuclide sample and is difficult to achieve in the energy range of interest. The experimental approach, using standard point sources, was coupled with semi-empirical modelling and simulations of radiation-matter interactions by Monte Carlo methods (PENELOPE and GEANT4). These methods have made it possible to study in detail the photons scattering at low energy, around 20 keV, which interferes with the full-energy peaks in the spectra and disturbs their analysis. In a second step, Monte Carlo simulations were used to calculate the correction factors needed to derive the dosimeter activity: self-absorption of photons in the dosimeter material and the geometry change between the calibration conditions (point source) and the measurement conditions (solid metal sample). The fluorescence induced by impurities (in the dosimeter material or created during irradiation in the reactor) was studied and the correction factors to be applied were established. Radioactive decay data, particularly photon emission intensities, are the main components of the uncertainty in dosimeter activity results. X-ray emission intensities are rarely measured experimentally and most often their values are calculated from fundamental parameters i.e. internal conversion coefficients and fluorescence yields, and a balanced decay scheme, of the nuclide. Several experiments were designed to provide new experimental data. The mass attenuation coefficients and K fluorescence yields of niobium and rhodium were determined using a monochromatic photon beam at the SOLEIL synchrotron facility. The photon emission intensities of 103mRh were measured using two approaches, one from rhodium activated at the ISIS reactor and the other from a solution of palladium 103. All these new values are compared with previously published data and the decay scheme of 103mRh is discussed
Therriault-Proulx, François. "DÉVELOPPEMENT DE NOUVEAUX DOSIMÈTRES À SCINTILLATEURS PLASTIQUES POUR DES APPLICATIONS IN VIVO EN RADIOTHÉRAPIE ET CURIETHÉRAPIE À HAUT DÉBIT DE DOSE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29683/29683.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to develop new plastic scintillation dosimetry systems to enable the measurement of in vivo doses in real time and the verification of the treatment delivery accuracy for radiation therapy, especially for high dose rate brachytherapy. The necessity to account for the stem effect light produced in the optical guide by radiation was first shown. The detector built for this study was then used to verify its accuracy to measure dose in real time during the delivery of a typical prostate treatment plan in high dose rate brachytherapy. This measurement was performed inside a water phantom. Dose deposited at each dwell position, inside each catheter and for the entire treatment delivery was measured and compared to the treatment planning system. Another part of this research project was on the development of an approach to render possible measurement at multiple positions with the use of multiple scintillating elements and only a single collecting optical guide. Plastic scintillation detectors with 2 and 3 points of measurement were first developed and used under external beam high energy radiation therapy. The approach enabled the calculation of different signal contributions over the total optical signal; a study was then performed to evaluate the importance of the fluorescence component on the total stem effect under a variety of irradiation modalities and conditions. Finally, a 3-point detector was inserted inside a single catheter to perform dosimetry under Ir-192 high dose rate brachytherapy in a water phantom. Its accuracy to measure dose was demonstrated. An uncertainty budget was also calculated in order to evaluate the limitations of this detector for its clinical potential as a real-time in vivo dosimeter.
Gagnon, Louis-Philippe. "Caractérisation d’un système d’acquisition CCD sans lentilles pour la mesure de dose employant un dosimètre à scintillateur plastique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30425/30425.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Nicolas. "Intégration de détecteurs plastiques à scintillation aux dosimètres à gel de polymère pour l'obtention de mesures de doses radiatives calibrées en trois dimensions." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4085.
Full textBoivin, Jonathan. "Conception et caractérisation d'un dosimètre à fibre scintillante pour des applications en imagerie diagnostique et interventionnelle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26905.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development of a plastic scintillation detector for low energy photon eams. The main goal of the project consists in the design and characterization of this tool in the aim of measuring the radiation dose involved during diagnostic and interventional radiology examinations. The first section is devoted to the design of six different systems and to their performance evaluation when they are exposed to high and low energy radiation. For all photodetectors, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 5% for dose rates higher than 3 mGy/s. This systematic approach identified the photomultiplier tube as the most appropriate photodetector for radiology specific beam qualities. Indeed, its RSD was less than 1% when the dose rate was below 0.10 mGy/s. The result analysis allowed the suggestion of some guidelines for the selection of an appropriate detector for a specific application. The second part was about this detector application to interventional radiology procedures by performing dose measurements at an anthropomorphic phantom surface. Several clinically relevant setups were reproduced to observe the detector’s accuracy and reliability. The RSD remained under 2% when the dose rate was more than 3 mGy/min and about 10% at the lowest dose rate (0.25 mGy/min). Phantom measurements showed a dose rate difference between the detector and the ion chamber of less than 4% when moving the table’s height or rotating the fluoroscope gantry. Moreover, this difference was below 2% for depth dose rate measurements. The last subject of this thesis was about the fundamental physics of scintillation within the plastic scintillators. The factors affecting the light emission were analyzed in order to identify their respective contribution. The detector’s response increased by a factor of about 4 when the tube potential varied between 20 kVp and 250 kVp. The clear optical response was below 0.5%of the scintillator’s light when the fibers were exposed on 10 cm-long by these beam qualities. he ionization quenching phenomenon was also investigated. The signal attenuation varied with the beam energy and reached about 20% for a 20 kVp beam quality. In conclusion, this study suggests that the plastic scintillation detectors can accurately measure the radiation dose involved in diagnostic and interventional radiology, but a rigorous calibration is essential.
Dusseau, Laurent. "Etude des potentialités des phénomènes de luminescence par stimulation optique (OSL) dans les sulfures alcalino-terreux : application à la réalisation d'un lecteur portable de dosimètres OSL." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20182.
Full textBourgouin, Alexandra. "Caractérisation du détecteur à fibre scintillante plastique commercial et étude sur la réduction de dose aux appareils cardiaques implantables par blindage de plomb." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25877.
Full textThe recent development of the spectral method for correction of the Cˇ erenkov light in plastic scintillation detectors (PSD) have led to the first commercial dosimeter of this type, the Exradin W1 (STANDARD IMAGING INC., Middleton, WI, U.S.). As any new commercial dosimeter, it had to be characterized and validated in different situations of radiation. The first purpose of this project was to perform this validation. The results of characterization have shown that PSD is an efficient dosimeter to make out-of-field doses measurements as required in the evaluation of the feasibility of using a lead sheet to reduce dose to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices, CIED. Measurements performed with PSD shown an important reduction of doses by the shielding for square anterior-posterior field (40 % to 80 %) and also for complex clinical treatments (5 % to 45 %).
Gagnon, Jean-Christophe. "Performance dosimétrique et capacité matricielle du détecteur à fibre scintillante pour les contrôles de qualité en radiochirurgie stéréotaxique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28105/28105.pdf.
Full textCloute-Cazalaa, Jérôme. "Développement de procédés génériques pour des systèmes électroniques de mesure de radionucléides naturels." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0026.
Full textGillet, Pierre. "Validation d'un dosimètre patient temps réel basé sur fibre optique pour la tomodensitométrie X à l'aide de simulations Monte Carlo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE025.
Full textThis work focuses on the simulation of CT exam, and aims to validate a new real-time patient dose measurement method that uses a scintillating optical fiber. First, we studied our dosimeter’s energy response, and we showed that it was close to the response of the ion chambers currently used. Then, we successfully modeled a scanner, and found that during the exam, patient dose and measured dose were affected differently by parameters such as the table height, the patients positioning or the patients morphology. However, when accounting for such parameters, it was possible to compute the dose delivered to the patient during an exam using the scintillating fiber measurement. We consider that when coupled with monte-carlo simulations, this measurement could be used to estimate accurately the organ dose delivered during an exam
Guillot, Mathieu. "Conception et validation d'une matrice 2D de détecteurs à fibres scintillantes plastiques pour la dosimétrie en radiothérapie externe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29962/29962.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development and characterization of a 2D array of plastic scintillation detectors for the dosimetry of megavoltage energy photon beams used in radiation therapy. The characteristics sought with the detector array are accuracy, water-equivalence, a good spatial resolution, a large number of detectors and a high frequency readout of the doses deposited. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the improvement of the accuracy of the spectral method used to correct the Cerenkov effect. A study has determined the optimal attenuation characteristics for the optical fibers and two procedures able to accurately extract the calibration coefficients were developed. Measurements performed in various situations showed that this method can correct the Cerenkov effect with an accuracy of 1 %. The second part of this thesis relates to the design, realization and validation of a detector array consisting of 781 plastic scintillation detectors inserted vertically into a plane of a water-equivalent phantom. An novel optical system was also designed. It was determined that, on average, the standard deviation of measurements is smaller than 1 % for doses deposited greater than 6.3 cGy. It was also demonstrated that the dose distributions are not perturbed (within +/- 1.1 %) by the presence of the detectors inside the phantom. The characterization of the angular dependence showed that the incidences of radiation beams have very little effect on the accuracy of measurements. The detector array was also validated in the context of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Eleven treatment plans were measured and the results showed excellent agreements with dose distributions calculated with convolution-superposition algorithms or measured with radiochromic films. The sensitivity and specificity of the detector array to position errors of one leaf and one leaf bank of a multileaf collimator (MLC) were also determined by applying the principles of signal detection theory. The study concluded that plastic scintillation detectors could allow improving the quality of dosimetry in IMRT, due to their advantages compared to other dosimeters, such as water-equivalence, high frequency readout, high spatial resolution and a very low angular dependence.
Vũ, Bezin Jérémi. "Optimisation et validation des méthodes de calcul de dose à distance des faisceaux d’irradiation pour leur application dans les études épidémiologiques et cliniques en radiothérapie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS246/document.
Full textThe number of cancer survivors in developed counties increases rapidly. Fifty percent of patients treated for cancer will receive radiation therapy as part of their treatment. Ionizing radiation may induce severe long term effects, including secondary cancers and cardio-vascular diseases. Long term effects are not only due to high doses delivered in target volumes, but also to lower doses, ranging from several milligrays to several grays, undesired, but inevitably delivered in the rest of the patient’s body outside the treatment beams. Improvements in treatment planning technics and the use of computers in medicine made it possible to systematically estimate, prior to treatment, the highest doses delivered to the patient’s body. However, lower doses delivered outside the treatment beams are neither taken into account nor evaluated by present treatment planning systems. The aim of our work was to establish methods to estimate radiation doses outside photon beams from accelerators used in external radiation therapy. A graphics library was used to render a partial 3D representation of the accelerator and the photon sources associated. The intensity of these sources was determined using measurements performed in simple geometry fields. The calibrated model was hence used to estimate the source intensity variation with respect to field size. Using this method, we were able to estimate the variations of the TLD measured doses with respect to distance and field size with a 10% average discrepancy between calculations and measurements for points outside the field. Also, when testing the model in a clinical setup, the average discrepancy increased to 25%
Plattard, Delphine. "Contribution à l'étude d'un dosimètre luminescent stimulable optiquement pour l'environnement radiatif spatial." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30113.
Full textZhang, Ying. "Développement d'un capteur CMOS intégré pour un futur dosimètre électronique personnel de neutrons." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753855.
Full textColson, Louis. "Conception et réalisation d'un dosimètre opérationnel pour la chirurgie interventionnelle assistée par radioscopie X." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC208.
Full textThis thesis concerns the design of an operational dosimeter for surgeons operating under X-rays. X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen. Since then, they have been very employed, whether for checks carried out at airports or in the medical field. Very useful for treating people, they are not without danger whether it is for patients or hospital practitioners. Normally, patients are subjected occasionally to irradiation. On the other hand, some hospital practitioners are confronted with daily irradiation. A distinction is made here between “radiography” for diagnostic, who are normally protected during irradiation of the patient, and certain surgeons who use X-rays as a control during the operation and for whom they are close to the irradiated area. This is the issue that this thesis is interested in. The study that we are proposing in partnership with the digital science research laboratory GREYC and the School of Military Applications of Atomic Energy (EAMEA) both located in Cherbourg, is therefore intended to design and produce an X-ray detector for medical applications aimed at giving information for low dose and low energies. The simulation and validation (irradiation)part was done at EAMEA. The rest of the work took place within the GREYC laboratory which has acquired, for several years, real experience in the field of sensors.We started by performing Monte-Carlo simulations using the GEANT4 calculation code in order to define the optimal geometry of the sensor. Following these simulation results, we produced the sensor by rf magnetron sputtering by successive deposition of thin layers. The sensitive layer of the sensor was subject to Raman characterization, the results of which were compared with the literature. Once the sensor had been produced, we carried out a characterization under a flow of X-rays emitted from a continuous X-ray generator. The various tests with the generator continued made it possible to develop a signal acquisition chain in order to test the sensor under a pulsed radiation field in the Centre Hospitalier Public du Cotentin
Tippayamontri, Thititip. "Simulation Monte-Carlo de la radiolyse du dosimètre de Fricke par des neutrons rapides." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4013.
Full textHigueret, Stéphane. "Développement d'un dosimètre électronique compact à base de capteurs CMOS pour la mesure du radon." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00391848.
Full textHigueret, Stéphane. "Développement d’un dosimètre électronique compact à base de capteurs CMOS pour la mesure du radon." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/HIGUERET_Stephane_2007.pdf.
Full textRadon detection is a long-standing challenge in the field of radioprotection, and the IPHC Institute of Strasbourg has pushed for the development of a fully electronic device, portable and really standalone. Our first prototype of CMOS system-on-chip is presented, together with efficiency tests and the corresponding physics simulations (TRIM, GEANT IV). We describe several electronic boards which have been developed for various kinds of tests, firstly passive detection of -particles from gaseous 222Rn in a large spectrum of activity concentrations. In a second stage, active collection of the daughter isotopes 218Po and 214Po was performed: these elements, appearing as attached on the aerosols present in air, are an important contribution to internal -irradiation. The final electronic system, of only 10 cm size, includes four independent chips to ensure simultaneous detection of radon gas and its aerosols. An excellent linearity has been measured up to 80 kBq. M-3 on the BACCARA bench of the IRSN at Saclay. A new generation chip is also studied
Vaillé, Jean-Roch. "Développement, caractérisation et durcissement d'un dosimètre base sur la luminescence stimulée optiquement destiné aux applications spatiales." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20161.
Full textFontbonne, Jean-Marc. "Conception et réalisation d'un dosimètre à scintillation adapté à la dosimétrie de faisceaux de rayonnements ionisants en radiothérapie." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2060.
Full textMarsolat, Fanny. "Développement d'un dosimètre diamant pour une mesure de la dose absorbée dans les mini-faisceaux utilisés en radiothérapie stéréotaxique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957871.
Full textGruel, Gaëtan. "Etude de l'effet des radiations ionisantes sur la variation d'expression génique par la méthode des "puces à ADN" : faisabilité d'un dosimètre biologique." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA11T010.
Full textMoignier, Cyril. "Dosimétrie des faisceaux de photons de petites dimensions utilisés en radiothérapie stéréotaxique : détermination des données dosimétriques de base et évaluation des systèmes de planification de traitement." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112258/document.
Full textDosimetry of small beams is challenging given their small size compared to the detectors, high dose gradient and the lack of lateral electronic equilibrium. The Ph.D. thesis aims to improve the accuracy of the dose delivered to the patient in stereotactic radiotherapy.On the one hand, dosimetric data used to calibrate the treatment planning system (TPS) were determined using numerical simulations. To achieve this, two CyberKnife radiotherapy facilities were modelled using the PENELOPE Monte Carlo code. Output ratios measurements were performed with several active detectors and with two passive dosimeters (radiochromic film and micro-LiF) and compared with output factors calculated by simulation. Six detectors were modeled in order to study the detectors response in small beams. Among the detectors studied, only the radiochromic films were in agreement with the simulations, they can be used without correction factors. The disturbance of the detectors response in small beams was explained either by the volume effect induced by the active volume, which is too high compared to the beam size, or by the mass density effect induced by the detector body materials which are too far from water mass density. The correction factors, required to correct the disturbance caused by the non-water-equivalence and/or the low spatial resolution of each detector, were calculated for the two CyberKnife systems.On the other hand, a 2D dose measurement protocol using radiographic films and a MatLab program were developed. Stereotactic treatment plans were then performed for a phantom in order to assess the calculation algorithms implemented in the MultiPlan TPS (associated with the CyberKnife system). The analysis of the 2D dose distributions related to the stereotactic treatment plans has shown that the “Pencil Beam” based algorithm implemented in MultiPlan is suitable for dose calculation in homogeneous water-equivalent media but not in low electronic density media such as the lung. Indeed, the dose is overestimated (up to 40%) inside the field and may lead to reduce the tumor treatment efficiency while it is underestimated outside the field which can underestimate the dose to critical organs within proximity of the tumor. Regarding the Monte Carlo algorithm implemented in MultiPlan, calculated and measured dose distributions are consistent and, as a consequence, it is the most suitable algorithm available in MultiPlan to estimate the dose received by a patient when low density media are involved
Mouhssine, Dounia. "Étude d'une nouvelle génération de dosimètre basée sur les détecteurs photostimulables type BaFBr(Eu) : caractérisation et application à la dosimétrie environnementale et personnelle." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00390708.
Full textMouhssine, D. "Etude d'une nouvelle génération de dosimètre basée sur les détecteurs photostimulables type BaFBr(Eu): caractérisation et application à la dosimétrie environnementale et personnelle." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008967.
Full textMouhssine, Dounia. "Etude d'une nouvelle génération de dosimètre basée sur les détecteurs photostimulables type BaFBr(Eu) : caractérisation et application à la dosimétrie environnementale et personnelle." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/MOUHSSINE_Dounia_2004.pdf.
Full textSalem, Youbba Ould. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation Monte Carlo des grandeurs opérationnelles en métrologie des rayonnements ionisants : application à la dosimétrie neutrons par radiophotoluminescence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE016/document.
Full textWe characterize a passive dosimeter capable of measuring both fast and thermal neutrons for ambiant and persona! dosimetry. These neutrons can be detected in a mixed neutron-gamma field with appropriate converters (polyethylene for fast neutrons, cadmium for thermal neutrons). Monte Carlo simulations with MCNPX helped with the geometrical conception of the dosimeter and the choice of materials. The responses of the RPL dosimeter to these neutrons are linear in H*(1 O) and Hp(10) with detection limits of 2 mSv for fast neutrons and 0.19 mSv for thermal neutrons. The angular dependencies are satisfactory according to the ISO 21909 norm. A calibration factor of (9.5 +- 0.5)x10 exponent -2 mSv.cm2/RPL signal is obtained to the fast neutrons of the IPHC's 241 Am-Be calibrator. This factor is (9.7 +- 0.3)x10 exponent -3 mSv.cm2/RPL signal for the thermalized neutrons
Denagbe, Samuel. "Thermoluminescence de CaSO4: TR3+ et Bi12 Ge O20 : luminescences et interactions de couplage réseau-dopant, à partir de 10K, dans un cristal dosimètre pour la datation et dans un cristal photoréactif industriel." Bordeaux 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR30205.
Full textBessières, Igor. "Développement et validation expérimentale d'un outil de détermination de la dose hors-champ en radiothérapie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801314.
Full textZhou, Yang. "Development of a CMOS pixel sensor for embedded space dosimeter with low weight and minimal power dissipation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE021/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of a CMOS monolithic pixel sensor used for space ionizingparticles identification and counting in high flux. A new concept for single particle identification isproposed in this study, which is based on the analysis of particle triggered clusters. To validate thisnew concept, a full size sensor including the sensitive pixel matrix, an analogue signal processingchain, a 3-bit analogue to digital converter, and a digital processing stage was designed in a 0.35μm process. The sensor directly output particles flux information through 4 channels with a verylow data rate (80 bps) and minimal power dissipation (~ 100mW). Each channel representsparticles with different species and energies. The highest measurable flux density is up to 108particles/cm2/s (hits pile up < 5%). A reduced scale prototype was fabricated and tested with 3types of radiation illumination (X-ray, electrons and infrared laser). All the results obtained validatethe proposed new concept and a highly miniaturized space radiation monitor based on a singleCMOS pixel sensor could be foreseen. The monitor could provide measurements of comparable orbetter quality than existing instruments, but at around an order of magnitude lower powerconsumption, mass and volume and a lower unit cost. Moreover, due to its high level and low datarate outputs, no signal treatment power aside the sensor is required which makes it especiallyattractive for small satellite application
Bessières, Igor. "Développement et validation expérimentale d’un outil de détermination de la dose hors-champ en radiothérapie." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112016/document.
Full textOver the last two decades, many technical developments have been achieved on intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and allow a better conformation of the dose to the tumor and consequently increase the success of cancer treatments. These techniques often reduce the dose to organs at risk close to the target volume; nevertheless they increase peripheral dose levels. In this situation, the rising of the survival rate also increases the probability of secondary effects expression caused by peripheral dose deposition (second cancers for instance). Nowadays, the peripheral dose is not taken into account during the treatment planification and no reliable prediction tool exists. However it becomes crucial to consider the peripheral dose during the planification, especially for pediatric cases. Many steps of the development of an accurate and fast Monte Carlo out-of-field dose prediction tool based on the PENELOPE code have been achieved during this PhD work. To this end, we demonstrated the ability of the PENELOPE code to estimate the peripheral dose by comparing its results with reference measurements performed on two experimental configurations (metrological and pre-clinical). During this experimental work, we defined a protocol for low doses measurement with OSL dosimeters. In parallel, we highlighted the slow convergence of the code for clinical use. Consequently, we accelerated the code by implementing a new variance reduction technique called pseudo-deterministic transport which is specifically with the objective of improving calculations in areas far away from the beam. This step improved the efficiency of the peripheral doses estimation in both validation configurations (by a factor of 20) in order to reach reasonable computing times for clinical application. Optimization works must be realized in order improve the convergence of our tool and consider a final clinical use
Garcia, Pierre. "Application de la luminescence stimulée optiquement à la dosimétrie embarquée sur les engins spatiaux." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20249.
Full textA dosimeter based on optically stimulated luminescence was developed by the Radiac group of the Institut d'Electronique du Sud and integrated to the CARMEN-2 CNES experiment on board the JASON-2 satellite. The stages leading to the optimization, the characterization and the qualification of the sensor are presented as well as the preliminary in-flight results. A review of the space radiative environment has made possible to identify several mechanisms likely to impact on the on-board electronics. Considering the state of the art of existing dosimeters, it is possible to better define the needs in the context of the target application, that is dosimetry on-board a spacecraft in Low Earth Orbit. The completion of this goal requires the measurement of doses as low as a few mGy per revolution. To achieve this target the architecture of the sensor had to be deeply modified. The detection threshold is now below 1mGy. The characterization bench used to perform ground based testing also had to be modified to allow connection to the new differential output and make possible to control the temperature variations. It was shown that the uncertainty on the dose measured is less than 4%. Several irradiation campaigns were led to study the radiation induced degradation of the sensor using electron and proton beams. It was shown that the system hardening solutions compensate efficiently the degradation observed on devices. On the basis of these results, a novel method is proposed to evaluate at the same time the ionizing dose that is the energy transferred to electrons and the non ionizing dose, that is the energy deposition leading the displacement of atoms in semi-conductors. In space, strong temperature variations may be recorded. A specific study on the impact of temperature on the sensor response was led and a correction model was proposed. Preliminary in-flight results received from Jason-2 are finally presented
Sanguanmith, Sunuchakan. "Low-linear energy transfer radiolysis of liquid water at elevated temperatures up to 350[degrees]C Monte-Carlo simulations." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5548.
Full textMirsaleh, Kohan Leila. "Comparison of the Effects of Cobalt-60 [gamma]-Rays and Tritium [beta][superscript -]Particles on Water Radiolysis and Aqueous Solutions and Radiolysis of the Ceric-Cerous Sulfate Dosimeter at Elevated Temperature." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/168.
Full text"Conception d'un dosimètre à fibre scintillante pour la curiethérapie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25891/25891.pdf.
Full textKamio, Yuji. "Développement d'un nouveau critère pour déterminer les limites d'utilisation des détecteurs en dosimétrie non standard." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10601.
Full textIn recent years, the radiation dosimetry community has shown a keen interest in extending broad beam dosimetry protocols such as AAPM's TG-51 and IAEA's TRS-398 to nonstandard fields which involve the use of an additional correction factor. Yet, these correction factors are difficult to determine precisely in a time frame that is acceptable. For small fields, these factors increase rapidly with field size, whereas for composite IMRT fields, detector positioning uncertainties render a case-by-case correction impractical. In this study, a theoretical criterion based on radiation detectors' dose response functions is used to determine in which situations a given dosimeter can be used without correction. The responses of four ionization chambers, a liquid-filled chamber, a diamond detector, an unshieded diode, an alanine dosimeter and a plastic scintillator detector are characterized at 6 MV and 25 MV. Several strategies are also suggested to reduce/eliminate correction factors such as reporting the absorbed dose to a volume and modifying the non-sensitive components of a detector to compensate for mass density effects. A new method of density compensation based on a perturbation function is presented. Finally, results show that the scintillator detector can measure nonstandard fields used in the clinic with corrections under 1%.