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Journal articles on the topic 'Dosimetric gel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Rousseau, A., C. Stien, S. Dufreneix, G. Boissonnat, JM Bordy, and V. Blideanu. "End-to-end quality assurance for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy with Fricke-Xylenol orange-Gelatin gel dosimeters and dual-wavelength cone-beam optical CT scanner." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2630, no. 1 (2023): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2630/1/012018.

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Abstract The whole treatment process undergone by patients in clinics with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) can be tested by implementing 3D end-to-end (E2E) quality assurance with gel dosimetry. In this work, a 3D E2E test was performed in a head phantom for the verification of a VMAT treatment, using FXG (Fricke-Xylenol orange-Gelatin) gel dosimetry and a newly developed dual-wavelength reading method on a cone-beam optical CT scanner. This dosimetric method intends to enable accurate measurements in the out-of-field zone and in the tumor volume, with an effective dose range up to 10

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2

Nishibayaski, Iasmin, A. L. S. Silveira, and L. C. Meira-Belo. "Dose response of Fricke Gel dosimeters with distinct indicators<i></i>." Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences 12, no. 4A (Suppl.) (2025): e2599. https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2599.

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Fricke solution, composed of ferrous ammonium sulfate in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, is used as a chemical dosimeter for gamma rays, X-rays and high energy electrons. The three-dimensional dosimetry has several applications, such as in radiotherapy procedures, imaging diagnosis techniques and internal dosimetry. In this work, the response of Fricke gel dosimeter with two types of indicator was compared. Sodium thiocyanate, a salt not used in dosimetry, and xylenol orange, a well-established indicator, were analyzed as indicators. The studies were performed in a cobalt-60 source. Dosi

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3

Kunkyab, Tenzin, Michelle Hilts, Andrew Jirasek, and Derek Hyde. "Spatial and Dosimetric accuracy of 3D polymer gel with CBCT readout - Varian HyperArc® SRS implementation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2630, no. 1 (2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2630/1/012015.

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Abstract 3D polymer gel dosimetry is a promising means to verify complex radiation treatments such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), as it provides both 3D dosimetric and spatial information. The purpose of the study is to use a polymer gel read-out with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to commission Varian’s HyperArc®-treatment planning and delivery. Three targets (3 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm diameter respectively) were defined on a treatment plan with a maximum dose of 25 Gy, resembling a single isocentre, multiple-lesion SRS plan. Pre- and post-irradiation CBCT images of the gel were obtained fo

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4

Ceberg, S., A. Mannerberg, E. Konradsson, et al. "FLASH radiotherapy and the associated dosimetric challenges." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2630, no. 1 (2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2630/1/012010.

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Abstract At Lund University and Skåne University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, we have, as the first clinic, modified a clinical Elekta Precise linear accelerator for convertible delivery of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) irradiation. Whereas recently published reviews highlighted the need for standardised protocols for ultra-high dose rate beam dosimetry to be able to determine the true potential of FLASH irradiation, several dosimetry studies as well as in-vitro and in-vivo experiments have been carried out at our unit. Dosimetric procedures for verification of accurate dose delivery of FLASH irra

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5

Razak, Nik, Azhar Rahman, Sivamany Kandaiya, et al. "Accuracy and Precision of Magat Gel As a Dosimeter." Material Science Research India 12, no. 1 (2015): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/120101.

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Polymer gel dosimeter is a radiation sensitive chemical dosimeter that can measure 3 D dose distribution with high resolution. Due to the increasing complexity of radiotherapy treatment planning and delivery, accurate experimental radiation dosimetry plays an important role in the implementation and quality assurance of new treatment techniques. A polymer gel dosimeter must possess several important characteristics of a dosimeter to be able to measure absorbed dose precisely. two important dosimetric properties of a dosimeter were determined in this study; accuracy and precision. The MAGAT gel

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6

Gibon, David, Philippe Bourel, Bernard Castelain, Xavier Marchandise, and Jean Rousseau. "Dosimétrie par gels radiosensibles en radiothérapie. Intérêt et méthodes." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 79, no. 2 (2001): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y00-076.

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The goal of conformal radiotherapy is to concentrate the dose in a well-defined volume by avoiding the neighbouring healthy structures. This technique requires powerful treatment planning software and a rigorous control of estimated dosimetry. The usual dosimetric tools are not adapted to visualize and validate complex 3D treatment. Dosimetry by radiosensitive gel permits visualization and measurement of the three-dimensional dose distribution. The objective of this work is to report on current work in this field and, based on our results and our experience, to draw prospects for an optimal us

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7

Collins, S., A. Ogilvy, D. Huang, W. Hare, M. Hilts, and A. Jirasek. "Iterative Image Reconstruction Methodology in Optical CT Radiochromic Gel Dosimetry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2630, no. 1 (2023): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2630/1/012033.

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Abstract Modern advancements in radiation therapy require paralleled advancements in the dosimetric tools used to verify dose distributions. Optical computed tomography (CT) imaged radiochromic gel dosimeters provide comprehensive, tissue equivalent, 3D dosimetric information with high spatial resolution and low imaging times. Traditional CT image reconstruction methods (filtered backprojection) do not account for light refraction within the optical CT system reducing the image quality. Iterative reconstruction methods make use of a system matrix that describes this light refraction thus, impr

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8

Vieira Nishibayaski, Iasmin, Anna Luiza Fraga da Silveira, and Luiz Cláudio Meira Belo. "Study of the use of sodium thiocyanate as an indicator for three-dimensional dosimetry." Revista Brasileira de Física Médica 18 (October 21, 2024): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.29384/rbfm.2024.v18.19849001809.

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Three-dimensional dosimetry allows the determination of dosimetric quantities with a volumetric gradient. With Fricke Gel it is possible to make measurements of this nature due to the restriction of ions in this dosimeter caused by the presence of a gelatinous matrix. When ion indicators are added to Fricke Gel, the diffusion of the ions is further hampered and, in addition, the use of optical measurement techniques for the determination of the absorbed dose becomes possible. In this study, a new ferric ion indicator possibility for Fricke Gel is evaluated. Sodium thiocyanate was added to the

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9

Michaś, Edyta, Katarzyna Tyminska, Michal A. Gryzinski, Janusz Kocik, and Ryszard J. Barczynski. "Numerical model of human head phantom to ensure dosimetry of dose components for boron neutron capture therapy." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 199, no. 15-16 (2023): 1922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncad158.

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Abstract Extremely important aspects of the boron neutron capture therapy are, first of all, administering to the patient a boron compound that selectively reaches the neoplastic cells, and in the second step, the verification of the irradiation process. This paper focuses on the latter aspect, which is the detailed dosimetry of the processes occurring after the reaction of thermal neutrons with the boron-10 isotope. The results of computer simulations with the use of a new type of human head phantom filled with a polymer dosimetric gel will be presented in this article.

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10

Kipouros, Panagiotis, Georgios Anagnostopoulos, Angelos Angelopoulos, et al. "Dosimetric calculations and VIPAR polymer gel dosimetry close to the microSelectron HDR." Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik 12, no. 4 (2002): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0939-3889(15)70481-2.

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11

Grande, S., A. Palma, A. M. Luciani, et al. "Dosimetric performances of optically detected Fricke gel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 56 (December 1, 2006): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/56/1/057.

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12

Lee, Minsik, Seonyeong Noh, Jun-Bong Shin, Jungwon Kwak, and Chiyoung Jeong. "Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Materials for 3D-Printed Container of Dosimetric Polymer Gel." Gels 10, no. 2 (2024): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10020146.

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Accurate dosimetric verification is becoming increasingly important in radiotherapy. Although polymer gel dosimetry may be useful for verifying complex 3D dose distributions, it has limitations for clinical application due to its strong reactivity with oxygen and other contaminants. Therefore, it is important that the material of the gel storage container blocks reaction with external contaminants. In this study, we tested the effect of air and the chemical permeability of various polymer-based 3D printing materials that can be used as gel containers. A methacrylic acid, gelatin, and tetrakis

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13

Carlier, Bram, Sophie V. Heymans, Sjoerd Nooijens, et al. "A Preliminary Investigation of Radiation-Sensitive Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Photon Dosimetry." Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 5 (2024): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph17050629.

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Radiotherapy treatment plans have become highly conformal, posing additional constraints on the accuracy of treatment delivery. Here, we explore the use of radiation-sensitive ultrasound contrast agents (superheated phase-change nanodroplets) as dosimetric radiation sensors. In a series of experiments, we irradiated perfluorobutane nanodroplets dispersed in gel phantoms at various temperatures and assessed the radiation-induced nanodroplet vaporization events using offline or online ultrasound imaging. At 25 °C and 37 °C, the nanodroplet response was only present at higher photon energies (≥10

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14

Ceberg, Sofie, Thi Guldhill, Patrik Brynolfsson, et al. "1767: Dosimetric verification of stereotactic multiple brain metastases treatment using 3D gel dosimetry." Radiotherapy and Oncology 194 (May 2024): S3288—S3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(24)02103-0.

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15

Papanikolaou, P., L. Watts, E. Pappas, et al. "SU-F-T-513: Dosimetric Validation of Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy Using Gel Dosimetry." Medical Physics 43, no. 6Part21 (2016): 3581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4956698.

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16

Elter, A., S. Dorsch, M. Marot, et al. "RSC: Gel dosimetry as a tool for clinical implementation of image-guided radiotherapy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2167, no. 1 (2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2167/1/012020.

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Abstract The implementation of new image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) treatment techniques requires the development of new quality assurance (QA) methods including geometric and dosimetric validation of the applied dose in 3D. Polymer gels (PG) provide a promising tool to perform such tests. However, to be used in a large variety of clinical applications, the PG must be flexibly applicable. In this work, we present a variety of phantoms used in clinical routine to perform both hardware and workflow tests in IGRT. This includes the validation of isocenter accuracy in magnetic resonance (MR)-guide

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17

Luciani, A. M., A. Palma, N. Adorante, et al. "Optical images of dose distributions in Gel-Fricke: dosimetric performances of the gel." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 122, no. 1-4 (2006): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncl486.

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18

Abdelgawad, Mahmoud H., Yasser S. Soliman, Mohammed I. ElGohry, Ahmed A. Eldib, Chang-Ming Charlie Ma, and Omar S. Desouky. "Measurements of radiotherapy dosimetric parameters using Fricke gel dosimeter." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 3, no. 2 (2017): 025021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/aa6a20.

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19

Månsson, Sofie, Anna Karlsson, Helen Gustavsson, Johan Christensson, and Sven Å. J. Bäck. "Dosimetric verification of breathing adapted radiotherapy using polymer gel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 56 (December 1, 2006): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/56/1/055.

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20

Cardoso, Gabriela Pontes, Carla Pereira Ricardo, Jony Marques Geraldo, and Adriana De Souza Medeiros Batista. "Radiation-induced copper oxide formation in a clinical gel composite: a novel approach for dosimetry." Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences 13, no. 2A (Suppl.) (2025): e2849. https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2849.

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This research is intended to investigate radiation-induced changes in a clinical gel composite with copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O). This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms was to understand the mechanisms of interaction between radiation and the material, within the proposal to develop accessible dosimetric materials that can efficiently monitor radiation doses. The samples were previously studied by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, demonstrating their potential for dosimetric use. For this work, the material was irradiated with gamma doses of 30 and 100 kGy and anal

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21

Ascención, Yudy, Jennifer Dietrich, Kibret Mequanint, and Kalin I. Penev. "Tetrazolium salt monomers for gel dosimetry II: Dosimetric characterization of the ClearView™ 3D dosimeter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 847 (May 2017): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/847/1/012049.

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22

Rosen, B., K. Lam, and J. Moran. "SU-F-T-565: Assessment of Dosimetric Accuracy for a 3D Gel-Based Dosimetry Service." Medical Physics 43, no. 6Part22 (2016): 3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4956750.

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23

Papagiannis, P., E. Pantelis, E. Georgiou, et al. "Polymer gel dosimetry for the TG-43 dosimetric characterization of a new125I interstitial brachytherapy seed." Physics in Medicine and Biology 51, no. 8 (2006): 2101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/8/010.

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24

Soliman, Yasser S., Soad M. Tadros, Wafaa B. Beshir, et al. "Study of Ag Nanoparticles in a Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Dosimeters by Optical Technique." Gels 8, no. 4 (2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8040222.

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The dosimetric characteristics of hydrogel dosimeters based on polyacrylamide (PAC) as a capping agent incorporating silver nitrate as a radiation-sensitive material are investigated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry within the dose range 0–100 Gy. Glycerol was used in the hydrogel matrix to promote the dosimetric response and increase the radiation sensitivity. Upon exposing the PAC hydrogel to γ-ray, it exhibits a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band at 453 nm, and its intensity increases linearly with absorbed doses up to 100 Gy. The results are compared with the silver nitrate gel dosimeter.

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25

Babaei, Vahidreza, Reza Pourimani, Sedighe Kashian, Peiman Rezaeian, and Azam Akhavan. "Feasibility of utilizing radiochromic nickel complex gel for radiation processing." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 09 (2022): P09017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/09/p09017.

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Abstract A radiation-sensitive nickel nitrate complex gel was prepared in three concentrations, and dosimetric characteristics were investigated for routine use in gamma radiation processing. Nickel nitrate hexahydrate/Gelatin/1,5-diphenylcarbazone (Ni/G/DPCO) gel demonstrated a maximum wavelength of 535 nm and linear dose-response of 10–1300 Gy. By increasing the absorbed dose, the Ni/G/DPCO gel has a visual color change from purple to colorless. The dose rate dependence on the gel sensitivity at 1.17 and 0.062 Gy/s dose rates was less than 10% difference at a linear dose range of 10–1300 Gy.

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26

Colnot, J., S. Chiavassa, G. Delpon, and C. Huet. "Study of the use of gel dosimetry in combination with 3D printing phantom for personalized pretreatment QA in radiotherapy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2167, no. 1 (2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2167/1/012017.

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Abstract In modern radiotherapy, pretreatment patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) generally consists in delivering the treatment plan to a phantom equipped with a detector and in comparing the measured dose and the dose calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS) in order to detect any gap between both dose distributions. Dosimetric gels have interesting properties for QA. In this work, the use of gel dosimetry together with a patient-based 3D printed phantom for personalized PSQA is investigated. CT images of a patient with a right mesencephalic brain tumor were used to generate a

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27

Locarno, Silvia, Paolo Arosio, Francesca Curtoni, Marco Piazzoni, Emanuele Pignoli, and Salvatore Gallo. "Microscopic and Macroscopic Characterization of Hydrogels Based on Poly(vinyl-alcohol)–Glutaraldehyde Mixtures for Fricke Gel Dosimetry." Gels 10, no. 3 (2024): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10030172.

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In recent decades, hydrogels have emerged as innovative soft materials with widespread applications in the medical and biomedical fields, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and gel dosimetry. In this work, a comprehensive study of the macroscopic and microscopic properties of hydrogel matrices based on Poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) chemically crosslinked with Glutaraldehyde (GTA) was reported. Five different kinds of PVAs differing in molecular weight and degree of hydrolysis were considered. The local microscopic organization of the hydrogels was studied through the use of the 1H nuclea

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28

Piotrowski, Michał, Aleksandra Pawlaczyk, Małgorzata I. Szynkowska-Jóźwik, Piotr Maras, and Marek Kozicki. "Radiation-Sensitive Nano-, Micro-, and Macro-Gels and Polymer Capsules for Use in Radiotherapy Dosimetry." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 14 (2025): 6603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146603.

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This work introduces an original approach to the manufacturing of ionizing radiation-sensitive systems for radiotherapy applications—dosimetry. They are based on the Fricke dosimetric solution and the formation of macro-gels and capsules, and nano- and micro-gels. The reaction of ionic polymers, such as sodium alginate, with Fe and Ca metal ions is employed. Critical polymer concentration (c*) is taken as the criterion. Reaction of ionic polymers with metal ions leads to products related to c*. Well below c*, nano- and micro-gels may form. Above c*, macro-gels and capsules can be prepared. Nan

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29

Luciani, A. M., A. Palma, S. Grande, et al. "Dosimetric performances of optically detected Fricke-agarose-Xylenol Orange gel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 164 (May 1, 2009): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/164/1/012015.

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30

MacDougall, N. D., M. E. Miquel, D. J. Wilson, S. F. Keevil, and M. A. Smith. "Evaluation of the dosimetric performance of BANG3® polymer gel." Physics in Medicine and Biology 50, no. 8 (2005): 1717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/8/007.

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31

Sun, P., Y. C. Fu, J. Hu, N. Hao, W. Huang, and B. Jiang. "Development and dosimetric evaluation of radiochromic PCDA vesicle gel dosimeters." Radiation Measurements 85 (February 2016): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.12.037.

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32

Gómez-Ros, J. M., V. Correcher, L. Sánchez-Muñoz, J. García-Guinea, and A. Delgado. "Thermoluminescence dosimetric properties of LiAlSiO4and LiAlSi10O22synthesized by sol-gel method." physica status solidi (a) 204, no. 3 (2007): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200622334.

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33

Brzozowski, Pawel, Kalin I. Penev, and Kibret Mequanint. "Gellan gum gel tissue phantoms and gel dosimeters with tunable electrical, mechanical and dosimetric properties." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 180 (June 2021): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.047.

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34

Foroni, R., G. Gambraini, U. Danesi, et al. "New dosimetric approach for multidimensional dose evaluation in gamma knife radiosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 93, supplement_3 (2000): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.93.supplement_3.0239.

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✓ During the past two decades, the progress in computerized treatment planning systems has led to more accurate imaging and therapy by using the gamma knife, especially with the smallest collimators (4 mm). However, the ionization chambers that have been used to calibrate the gamma knife are not useful with the smallest collimators because the chambers are too big compared with the irradiated volume. Therefore, it is important to develop more suitable dosimeters. This study proposes a new dosimeter method. The FriXyGel method proposed here is based on a phantom dosimeter, an acquisition chain,

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35

Gallo, Salvatore, Giorgio Collura, Giuseppina Iacoviello, et al. "Preliminary magnetic resonance relaxometric analysis of Fricke gel dosimeters produced with polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 32, no. 3 (2017): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1703242g.

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This work describes the preliminary analysis of Fricke gels dosimeters characterized by a new formulation making use of a matrix of polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked by adding glutaraldehyde and analyzed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry. In previous optical studies, these gels have shown promising dosimetric features in terms of photon sensitivity and low diffusion of ferric ions produced after irradiation. In this work, we used a portable nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometer to measure the relaxation times (which are important for dosimetric applications) of these gel materia

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36

Yewondwossen, M., J. Robar, and L. Gates. "416 A Comparative Study of Polymer Gel and Film Dosimetry in Intensity Modulated Radiosurgery Dosimetric Verification." Radiotherapy and Oncology 76 (September 2005): S182—S183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(05)81392-1.

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37

Novotný, Josef, Josef Novotný, Václav Spĕvác˘ek, et al. "Application of polymer gel dosimetry in gamma knife radiosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 97 (December 2002): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.97.supplement_5.0556.

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Object. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a polymer gel—based dosimeter for the evaluation of geometric and dosimetric inaccuracies during gamma knife radiosurgery and during the irradiation of an experimental animal. Methods. A polymer gel dosimeter, based on acrylic monomers, was used for experiments conducted in this study. The accuracy of the dosimeter was evaluated on a Siemens EXPERT 1-tesla scanner in the transmitter/receiver head coil with the use of a multiecho sequence with 16 echoes, TE 22.5 to 360 msec, TR 2000 msec, slice thickness 2 mm, field of view 255 mm,

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38

Kashihara, Tairo, Naoya Murakami, Nikolaos Tselis, et al. "Hyaluronate gel injection for rectum dose reduction in gynecologic high-dose-rate brachytherapy: initial Japanese experience." Journal of Radiation Research 60, no. 4 (2019): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrz016.

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Abstract Perirectal hyaluronate gel injection (HGI) appears to be a promising technique for healthy tissue dose sparing in pelvic radiotherapy. In this analysis, we report our initial experience of HGI in gynecologic brachytherapy, focusing on its safety and effectiveness for dose reduction to the rectum. Between July 2013 and May 2014, 36 patients received HGI for primary/salvage gynecologic brachytherapy. Dosimetric effect analysis was based on pre- and post-HGI computed tomography dataset registration with corresponding dose–volume histogram evaluation. The maximum dose to the most exposed

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39

Yao, Chun-Hsu, Ting-Yu Tsai, Bor-Tsung Hsieh, et al. "Dosimetric characteristics of intensity-modulated radiation therapy and RapidArc® therapy using a 3D N-isopropylacrylamide gel dosimeter." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 44 (January 2016): 1660221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516602210.

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This study aimed to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and RapidArc therapy by using 3D N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) polymer gel. Optical computed tomography, specifically OCTOPUSTM-10X fast optical computed tomography scanner, was used as a readout tool. Two cylindrical acrylic phantoms (10 cm in diameter, 10 cm in height, and 3 mm in thickness) were filled with NIPAM gel and used for IMRT and RapidArc irradiation by using the Clinac iX treatment machine. The irradiation energies for IMRT and RapidArc® were set as 6 MV photons, but thei

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40

Johnston, H., M. Hilts, J. Carrick, and A. Jirasek. "Characterization of the essential dosimetric properties of cosolvent-free polymer gel dosimeters: Recent progress in x-ray CT based normoxic polymer gel dosimetry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 444 (June 26, 2013): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/444/1/012092.

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41

Skyt, P. S., E. M. Høye, E. S. Yates, et al. "PO-0815: Dosimetric precision of 3D gel dosimetry compared with radiochromic films in volumetric modulated arc therapy." Radiotherapy and Oncology 115 (April 2015): S409—S410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40807-2.

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42

Tadros, Soad M., Yasser S. Soliman, W. B. Beshir, Gamal R. Saad, and LailaI Ali. "Dosimetric investigations on radiation-induced Ag nanoparticles in a gel dosimeter." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 329, no. 1 (2021): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07776-y.

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43

Zeidan, O. A., S. I. Sriprisan, O. Lopatiuk-Tirpak, et al. "Dosimetric evaluation of a novel polymer gel dosimeter for proton therapy." Medical Physics 37, no. 5 (2010): 2145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3388869.

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44

Uusi-Simola, Jouni, Sami Heikkinen, Petri Kotiluoto, et al. "MAGIC polymer gel for dosimetric verification in boron neutron capture therapy." Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 8, no. 2 (2007): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v8i2.2409.

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Bero, M. A. "Dosimetric properties of a radiochromic gel detector for diagnostic X-rays." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 580, no. 1 (2007): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.080.

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Marques, T., M. Schwarcke, C. E. Garrido, O. Baffa, and P. Nicolucci. "Dosimetric properties of MAGIC-fpolymer gel assessed to Radiotherapy clinical beams." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 250 (November 1, 2010): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/250/1/012012.

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Sedaghat, Mahbod, Rachel Bujold, and Martin Lepage. "Effect of the exothermal polymerization reaction on polymer gel dosimetric measurements." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 250 (November 1, 2010): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/250/1/012018.

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Venning, A., M. Mundayadan Chandroth, C. Morgan, and M. Roberts. "Further investigation of lung tumour peripheral doses using normoxic polymer gel dosimetry techniques." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2167, no. 1 (2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2167/1/012025.

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Abstract This work builds upon previous investigations of lung tumour peripheral doses for 6 MV, 6 MV FFF, and 10 MV FFF conformal arc therapy beams calculated in the Monaco® TPS and delivered using an Elekta® Agility™ linac. An improved patient lung phantom is developed with measurements using the normoxic PAG gel dosimeter and compared against dose planes from the TPS. The gel dosimeter measurements indicate that the TPS is overestimating the secondary build-up in the lung tumour peripheral region. It has been determined that in lung tumours, 6 MV FFF is the optimal beam energy for periphera

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Gafar, Sameh Mohamed, and Nehad Magdy Abdel-Kader. "Radiation induced degradation of murexide dye in two media for possible use in dosimetric applications." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 6 (2019): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-02-2019-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of gamma-rays on murexide (Mx) dye and its possible use as radiation dosimeters in two different dosimetry systems. The first system depends on the Mx dye as a liquid dosimeter. The second dosimetry system depends also on the same dye but as in a gel form, which is more sensitive to gamma-rays. Design/methodology/approach The prepared Mx (solutions/gels) have a considerable two peaks at 324 and 521 nm that upon irradiation, the intensity of these peaks decreases with the increasing radiation dose. Findings The gamma-ray absorbed dose for

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Raza, Rameez, Atanu Panja, Manjira Mukherjee, Pabitra Chattopadhyay, and Kumaresh Ghosh. "Dosimetric Chromogenic Probe for Selective Detection of Sulfide via Sol–Gel Methodology." ACS Omega 3, no. 12 (2018): 17319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02795.

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