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Journal articles on the topic 'Double Crystal Spectrometer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Gang, O., and M. Deutsch. "The Monolithic Double-Crystal Spectrometer: Theory and Design Principles." Journal of Applied Crystallography 30, no. 1 (1997): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889896009466.

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The monolithic double-crystal spectrometer (MDCS) is a perfect-crystal device allowing X-ray spectroscopic measurements on an absolute energy scale with an accuracy of better than 1 in 106. This paper presents a detailed analysis of its properties using the dynamical theory of X-ray propagation in perfect crystals. The transmitted wavelength, the transmission window profile, the energy dispersion and the integrated intensity of the transmitted radiation and their dependence on the scanning angle of rotation are derived. The polarization mixing is shown to have a subtle yet important effect on

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2

Tohji, Kazuyuki, Yasuo Udagawa, Tsutomu Kawasaki, and Kimitoshi Mieno. "Double‐crystal spectrometer for laboratory EXAFS spectroscopy." Review of Scientific Instruments 59, no. 7 (1988): 1127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139738.

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3

Tohji, Kazuyuki, and Yasuo Udagawa. "A double crystal spectrometer for laboratory EXAFS spectroscopy." Physica B: Condensed Matter 158, no. 1-3 (1989): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(89)90302-5.

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4

AHMED, F. U., S. M. YUNUS, I. KAMAL, et al. "OPTIMIZATION OF GERMANIUM MONOCHROMATORS FOR NEUTRON DIFFRACTOMETERS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 05, no. 01 (1996): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301396000062.

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A computer program TISTA has been employed to study the behavior of reactor-neutrons at the sample position of a neutron spectrometer diffracted from Ge(111), (220), and (311) monochromators. Our aim is to design a double axis neutron spectrometer and to determine the behavior of beam intensity and resolution at the sample position. The study will be helpful to design experiments with the existing triple axis neutron spectrometer at TRIGA Mark II research reactor, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The optimum values of crystal and instrument parameters have been determined through these calculations. The flu

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5

Renner, O., M. Kopecký, E. Krouský, E. Förster, T. Missalla, and J. S. Wark. "New methods of X-ray spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas with one-dimensional spatial resolution." Laser and Particle Beams 12, no. 3 (1994): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008405.

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Two novel high-dispersion, high-resolution spectroscopic methods are described. The properties of the vertical dispersion variants of the double-crystal spectrometer and the Johann spectrometer with a cylindrically bent crystal are discussed and compared with those of standard spectroscopic schemes. Preliminary experimental data demonstrate the good luminosity and extreme spectral and 1-D spatial resolution of these methods, which should prove useful in high-precision X-ray spectroscopic measurements of laser-produced plasmas.

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6

Petrillo, C., F. Saccheiti, U. Steigenberger, and M. Hagen. "A double crystal analyser system for the PRISMA spectrometer." Journal of Neutron Research 3, no. 2 (1996): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10238169608200194.

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7

Lee, S. G., M. K. Kim, and Y. S. Kim. "Progress of x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer utilizing double crystal assembly on KSTAR." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 2 (2021): 023501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0041202.

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8

Tchen, T. "Theory of two-dimensional focusing of a spherical X-ray wave by Bragg diffraction by two bent crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 35, no. 6 (2002): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889802016072.

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The dynamical theory of the diffractional Bragg focusing in a system of cylindrically bent crystals is developed. Two-dimensional focusing `point-to-point' is shown to be possible under certain conditions. The influence of geometrical aberrations (astigmatism, spherical aberration) on the focusing is discussed. The influence of X-ray source sizes and temperature on the focusing is treated theoretically. A double-crystal focusing spectrometer is analysed. Focusing of X radiation by crystals with thin epitaxic films is investigated theoretically. Sensitivity of this focusing to the film thicknes

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9

Ito, Yoshiaki, Tatsunori Tochio, Michiru Yamashita та ін. "Intensity Ratio of Kβ/Kα in Selected Elements from Mg to Cu, and the Chemical Effects of Cr Kα1,2 Diagram Lines and Cr Kβ/Kα Intensity Ratio in Cr Compounds". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, № 6 (2023): 5570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065570.

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Kα,β X-ray lines from photon excitation were measured in selected elements from Mg to Cu using a high-resolution double-crystal X-ray spectrometer with a proportional counter, and the Kβ/Kα intensity ratio for each element was obtained, after correcting for self-absorption, detection efficiency, and crystal reflectance. This intensity ratio increases rapidly from Mg to Ca but, in the 3d elements region, the increase becomes slower. This is related to the intensity of the Kβ line involving valence electrons. The slow increase of this ratio in the 3d elements region is thought to be due to the c

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10

SAUDER, W. C. "HIGH RESOLUTION X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY WITH THE DOUBLE CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 48, no. C9 (1987): C9–83—C9–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1987911.

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11

Beer, W., M. Bogdan, J. F. Gilot, et al. "A double focusing crystal spectrometer for low energy X-rays." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 311, no. 1-2 (1992): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(92)90869-6.

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12

Li, Runshen. "A high-resolution spectrometer based on double-curved-crystal configuration." Journal of Applied Crystallography 21, no. 6 (1988): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889888008593.

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13

Piovano, Andrea, and Alexandre Ivanov. "The TAS-IN8 upgrade: Towards the limit of a three-axis spectrometer performance." EPJ Web of Conferences 286 (2023): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328603011.

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IN8 is a high-flux three-axis thermal neutron spectrometer designed to measure inelastic neutron scattering on single crystals in a wide energy and momentum transfer range. It is the highest thermal flux spectrometer worldwide with the monochromatic flux at the sample up to 109 neutrons/cm2/s where users can perform demanding experiments not possible anywhere else. In recent years, the IN8 spectrometer has undergone several major upgrades that have further extended the capabilities of the instrument to the limits achievable with the standard setup. The first part of the upgrade was centred on

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14

Uehara, Yasushi, Masayuki Kataoka, Tetsuo Ogama, Atsushi Kawabata, Kazuo Nishihagi, and Kazuo Taniguchi. "Double Flat Crystal Spectrometer in Dispersive Arrangement for Laboratory XAFS Spectroscopy." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 32, S2 (1993): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.32s2.273.

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15

Scordo, Alessandro, Catalina Curceanu, Marco Miliucci, Florin Sirghi, and Johann Zmeskal. "Pyrolitic Graphite Mosaic Crystal Thickness and Mosaicity Optimization for an Extended Source Von Hamos X-ray Spectrometer." Condensed Matter 4, no. 2 (2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat4020038.

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Bragg spectroscopy, one of the best established experimental techniques for high energy resolution X-ray measurements, has always been limited to the measurement of photons produced from well collimated (tens of microns) or point-like sources; recently, the VOXES collaboration at INFN National Laboratories of Frascati developed a prototype of a high resolution and high precision X-ray spectrometer working also with extended isotropic sources. The realized spectrometer makes use of Highly Annealed Pyrolitic Graphite (HAPG) crystals in a “semi”-Von Hamos configuration, in which the position dete

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16

Hagenmayer, R. M., C. M. E. Zeyen, P. Lamparter, and S. Steeb. "Ultra small Angle Neutron Scattering from Amorphous Ni-Pd-P-Alloys." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 48, no. 12 (1993): 1203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1993-1208.

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Abstract Using a neutron double crystal spectrometer, thin amorphous Ni-Pd-P-samples were investi-gated at very small Q-values (10-5 Å -1 ≦Q≦10 -3 Å -1). The immersion method shows that the small angle scattering effect is mainly caused by surface scattering.

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17

Schmeissner, J., and A. N. Tyulyusov. "ROCKING CURVE OF A DOUBLE-CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER IN THE BRAGG-BRAGG GEOMETRY INCLUDING THE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT DEPENDENCY FROM THE NEUTRON WAVELENGTH." Кристаллография 68, no. 4 (2023): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0023476123600180.

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An analytical expression is obtained for the rocking curve of a double-crystal spectrometer, which does not require restrictions on the absorption cross section dependency on the wavelength. A modeled rocking curve (instrumental line) for the Bragg–Bragg spectrometric scheme is calculated using the example of an InSb crystal in the region of weak dependency between the absorption cross section and the wavelength and in the region of wavelengths close to the absorption resonance.

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18

Iihara, J., J. Kawai, T. Sekine та K. Yoshihara. "CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF Kβ X-RAYS DEPENDING ON SODIUM CONTENTS IN Na2O-SiO2 GLASSES". International Journal of PIXE 03, № 02 (1993): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083593000148.

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Si K x-ray spectra in SiO 2- Na 2 O were measured with a double-crystal spectrometer. Remarkable change of peak energy, FWHM and intensity were found, depending on sodium contents. Theoretical spectra of Si K β x-ray were calculated to explain the change of x-ray intensity.

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19

Lee, S. G. "Experimental results from x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer utilizing double crystal assembly in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR)." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 8 (2022): 083508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098520.

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A double crystal assembly (DCA) for multiple atomic spectra measurements, including helium-like Ar and hydrogen-like Ar, and other impurity lines are applied for the x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research. The DCA expands measurable wavelengths much wider so that cross comparisons of the ion temperature and toroidal rotation between two different atomic states are possible. The recent experimental comparison studies for the ion temperature and toroidal rotation of helium-like Ar and hydrogen-like Ar from the DCA are reported.

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20

Holfelder, I., M. Wansleben, Y. Kayser, et al. "A double crystal von Hamos spectrometer for traceable x-ray emission spectroscopy." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 12 (2021): 123105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0061183.

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21

Bull, M. J., M. J. Harris, U. Steigenberger, M. Hagen, C. Petrillo, and F. Sacchetti. "A novel double-crystal analyser system for the PRISMA spectrometer at ISIS." Physica B: Condensed Matter 234-236 (June 1997): 1061–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(97)00011-2.

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22

Hardý, J. "Theory of channel-cut double crystal X-ray spectrometer with vertical dispersion." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 36, no. 9 (1986): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01597773.

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23

Hrdý, J. "Theory of channel-cut double crystal X-ray spectrometer with vertical dispersion." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 35, no. 4 (1985): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01604484.

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24

Hrdý, J. "Some remarks about double crystal x-ray spectrometer (monochromator) in dispersive (+, −) setting." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 37, no. 6 (1987): 676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01604788.

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25

Renner, O., M. Kopecký, J. S. Wark, H. He, and E. Förster. "Vertical dispersion mode double‐crystal spectrometer for advanced spectroscopy of laser‐produced plasma." Review of Scientific Instruments 66, no. 5 (1995): 3234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145488.

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26

STAROSTIN, ALEKSANDR. "HADRON PHYSICS WITH THE CRYSTAL BALL AT MAMI." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 02n03 (2009): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09043596.

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The physics program of the Crystal Ball spectrometer at MAMI-C began in early 2007. Experiments utilize the upgraded electron accelerator that provides high intensity beams of circularly and linearly polarized real photons with maximum energy of 1.5 GeV. The highly segmented nearly 4π acceptance detection system consists of the Crystal Ball, particle identification detector and versatile endcap TAPS. A wide range of physics topics is under study including the production and decay of η, ω, and η' mesons, the investigation of coherent meson photoproduction on nuclei, measurements of polarization

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27

Breuer, D., P. Klimanek, and W. Pantleon. "X-ray determination of dislocation density and arrangement in plastically deformed copper." Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, no. 5 (2000): 1284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889800008256.

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Using the kinematical theory of X-ray scattering by crystals with dislocations as developed by Krivoglazet al.and Wilkens, the dislocation content of compressed copper single and polycrystals was investigated by means of profile analysis of selected diffraction peaks. Measurements of radial intensity distributionsI(2θ) were performed with a double-crystal spectrometer in the case of the single crystals and with conventional polycrystal diffractometers in the case of the polycrystals. Additionally, the misorientations Θ occurring within the dislocation cell structure because of the accumulation

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28

Xie, Hu, Bei Jun Zhao, Shi Fu Zhu, et al. "Characterization and Vertical Elements Distribution of ZnGeP₂ Single Crystals." Key Engineering Materials 680 (February 2016): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.493.

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A large, crack-free ZnGeP2 single crystal with size of Φ26 mm×70 mm was grown in a vertical three-zone tubular furnace by modified vertical Bridgman method, i.e. real-time temperature compensation technique with small temperature gradient in double-wall quartz ampoule. The as-grown single crystal was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that there is a face of (100) and its second-order XRD peaks were observed. The vertical elements distribution

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29

Tarasenko, V. F., S. B. Alekseev, and E. Kh Baksht. "A Three-Section Subnanosecond Electron Accelerator." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 65, no. 3 (2022): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441222040078.

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Abstract— The design of a subnanosecond accelerator composed of three sections and a gas-filled diode and results of its testing are presented. The three sections of the accelerator are a double forming line, a ferrite line, and a line with a variable wave impedance. A beam current amplitude of ≈2.7 kA has been measured behind the anode foil at a pulse width at half-maximum of ≈370 ps. Using this accelerator and a standard spectrometer, Cherenkov radiation and pulsed cathodoluminescence have been investigated in KU-1 fused silica, polymethyl methacrylate, and KBr crystal samples.

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30

Renner, O., P. K. Patel, J. S. Wark, E. Krousky, P. E. Young, and R. W. Lee. "Vertical variant of a double channel-cut crystal spectrometer for investigation of laser-generated plasmas." Review of Scientific Instruments 70, no. 7 (1999): 3025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149863.

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31

Amaro, P., C. I. Szabo, S. Schlesser, et al. "A vacuum double-crystal spectrometer for reference-free X-ray spectroscopy of highly charged ions." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 98 (May 2014): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.01.015.

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32

Chen, Siming, Honglin Tan, Cun Zhang, Yajun Teng, and Endong Zu. "Study on Gemological Characteristics of Blue Sapphires from Baw-Mar Mine, Mogok, Myanmar." Crystals 11, no. 11 (2021): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111275.

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This paper employs an X-ray powder crystal diffractometer (XRD), an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrometer (UV-Vis-NIR), a Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and a laser Raman spectrometer to systematically investigate the gemological characteristics of blue sapphires from Baw-mar mine, Mogok, Myanmar. The results show that the FTIR spectra and UV-Vis-NIR spectra of the sapphire from this mine are significantly different from those of sapphires from other origins, which can be used to identify sapphires from this mine. The main crystal struc

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33

Schmeissner, J., and A. N. Tyulyusov. "Calculation of the Rocking Curve of a Double-Crystal Neutron Spectrometer on Strongly Absorbing InSb Crystals in Laue–Laue Geometry." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 86, no. 10 (2023): 2256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778823100368.

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34

Allah, A. Awad, M. Elhadi, and O. A. Yassien. "Synthesis and Characterization of ALaFeNi_0.5W_0.5O₆ (A= Sr or Ca), a New Structure Distorted Double Perovskite." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.133.

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The crystal structure of both samples has been solved by powder X-ray diffraction, data in the tetragonal space group I4/m (a= b= 5.55182 Å, c =7.86955 A0) for SrLaFeNi0.5W0.5O6sample and (a=b= 5.49129Å, c= 7.82233Å) for CaLaFeNi0.5W0.5O6 sample, and shows an almost perfect ordering between Ni2+ and W5+ cations at the B-site of the perovskite structure. The FTIR spectrometer used of the powders showed that the spectra of both are very similar, showing two strong and well-defined absorption bands, typical of perovskite materials.

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35

Sokolov, Andrey, Michail Sheromov, Valery Fedorov, Jaromír Hrdý, Jír̆í Kamarád, and Eduard Krouský. "Utilization of a channel-cut double crystal X-ray spectrometer with vertical dispersion in synchrotron radiation experiment." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 246, no. 1-3 (1986): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(86)90107-5.

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36

Amaro, P., S. Schlesser, M. Guerra, et al. "Absolute measurements and simulations of x-ray line energies of highly charged ions with a double-crystal spectrometer." Physica Scripta T156 (September 1, 2013): 014104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2013/t156/014104.

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37

Elyutin, N. O., Yu I. Smirnov, D. V. L’vov, and A. N. Tyulyusov. "A study of structure inhomogeneities using a neutron double-crystal spectrometer according to the Warren technique: A review." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 50, no. 4 (2007): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002044120704001x.

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38

Li, Shengchi, Xuepeng Gong, Yang Bai, et al. "Research on Quasi-Zero Stiffness Vibration Isolation System of Buckled Flexural Leaf Spring Structure for Double Crystal Monochromator." Applied Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 3024. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063024.

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The double crystal monochromator (DCM) is a spectrometer in synchrotron radiation beamlines, and its stability directly impacts the quality of the emitted light. In order to meet the requirements of the fourth generation of synchrotron light sources, researchers have designed a DCM using an active control method to ensure stability by actively compensating for crystal displacement through voice coil motors. The active control method imposes high demands on the vibration isolation performance of the DCM frame. In response to external excitation characteristics, this paper proposes a quasi-zero

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39

KANOUNI, F., S. AMARA, A. ASSALI, F. ARAB, and Q. ZOU. "TiO2/ZnO PHOTONIC CRYSTAL PREPARED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS METHOD: APPLICATION TO MULTICHANNEL FILTER." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 07 (2019): 1950181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19501816.

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Single-layer titanium dioxide (TiO2, ZnO, double-layer TiO2/ZnO and multilayer TiO2/ZnO/TiO2/ZnO were grown on ordinary glass substrate by ultrasonic spray deposition at 300∘C. Titanium chloride, zinc acetate and deionized water were employed as precursors. The ultraviolet–visible spectrometer spectra show that the quality of optical transmittance in visible wavelength range decreases as the number of bilayers increases. The crystalline phase of the thin films was identified through X-ray diffraction method with diffraction patterns scan used at 2[Formula: see text] from 10∘ to 90∘. From the D

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40

Gog, Thomas, Diego M. Casa, Jonathan Knopp, et al. "Performance of quartz- and sapphire-based double-crystal high-resolution (∼10 meV) RIXS monochromators under varying power loads." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 4 (2018): 1030–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518005945.

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In the context of a novel, high-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectrometer, a flat-crystal-based quartz analyzer system has recently been demonstrated to provide an unprecedented intrinsic-energy resolution of 3.9 meV at the Ir L 3 absorption edge (11.215 keV) [Kim et al. (2018) Sci. Rep. 8, 1958]. However, the overall instrument resolution was limited to 9.7 meV because of an 8.9 meV incident band pass, generated by the available high-resolution four-bounce Si(844) monochromator. In order to better match the potent resolving power of the novel analyzer with the energy band pa

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41

Levy, A., F. Dorchies, C. Fourment, et al. "Double conical crystal x-ray spectrometer for high resolution ultrafast x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy of Al K edge." Review of Scientific Instruments 81, no. 6 (2010): 063107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3441983.

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42

Armatol, A., B. Broerman, L. Dumoulin, et al. "ZnO-based scintillating bolometers: new prospects to study double beta decay of ⁶⁴Zn." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 06 (2023): P06026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/06/p06026.

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Abstract The first detailed study on the performance of a ZnO-based cryogenic scintillating bolometer as a detector to search for rare processes in zinc isotopes was carried out. A 7.2 g ZnO low-temperature detector, containing more than 80% of zinc in its mass, exhibits good energy resolution of baseline noise 1.0–2.7 keV FWHM at various working temperatures resulting in a low-energy threshold for the experiment, 2.0–6.0 keV. The light yield for β/γ events was measured as 1.5(3) keV/MeV, while it varies for α particles in the range of 0.2–3.0 keV/MeV. The detector demonstrates an effective id

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43

Song, Jianguo, Xinzhi Wang, and Chang-Tang Chang. "Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/276143.

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Graphene oxide (GO) films with two-dimensional structure were successfully prepared via the modified Hummer method. It is proven that redox method is a promising way to synthesize GO films on a large scale. Comprehensive characterizations of the properties of GO films were conducted. TEM and DFM analyses showed that GO sheets prepared in this study had single and double lamellar layer structure and a thickness of 2~3 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was selected to measure the crystal structure of GO sheet. Fourier-transform infrared spectra analyzer (FT-IR) was used to certify the presence of oxyg

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44

Schmeissner, J., and A. N. Tyulyusov. "Rocking Curve of a Double-Crystal Spectrometer in the Bragg–Bragg Geometry Including the Absorption Coefficient Dependency from the Neutron Wavelength." Crystallography Reports 68, no. 4 (2023): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063774523600254.

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45

Wittry, David B., and Nicholas C. Barbi. "X-ray Crystal Spectrometers and Monochromators in Microanalysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, no. 2 (2001): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100050010080.

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Abstract Castaing’s successful implementation and application of the electron probe microanalyzer in 1950 stimulated a flurry of development activity around the world. The later versions of this instrument represented a truly international effort, with significant contributions by scientists from Europe, Asia, and North America. If the probe-forming system of the instrument was its heart, the X-ray wavelength spectrometer was its soul. This article reviews some of the history of spectrometer developments—lthrough the “golden years” of microprobe development, namely the dozen or so years follow

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46

Chen, Yaxin, Niaoniao He, Ting Yang, et al. "Fucoxanthin Loaded in Palm Stearin- and Cholesterol-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-Microcapsules, with Improved Stability and Bioavailability In Vivo." Marine Drugs 20, no. 4 (2022): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20040237.

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Fucoxanthin (FX) is a marine carotenoid that has proven to be a promising marine drug due to the multiple bioactivities it possesses. However, the instability and poor bioavailability of FX greatly limit its application in pharmaceuticals or functional foods. In this study, the creative construction of a solid lipid nanoparticle-microcapsule delivery system using mixed lipids of palm stearin and cholesterol wrapped with gelatin/Arabic gum to load lipophilic FX was fabricated, aiming to improve the stability and bioavailability of FX. The results showed that the encapsulated efficiency (EE) and

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Costanza, Susanna, та Federico Cividini. "Double polarisation observable E and helicity dependent cross section for single π0 photoproduction off proton and neutron". EPJ Web of Conferences 241 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024101005.

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Photon-induced reactions, like meson photoproduction, allow to excite the nucleon, to have access to many different polarisation observables and are an essential tool to disentangle the role of the different electromagnetic multipoles due to the change of sign of some contributions and the presence of interference terms between different multipole amplitudes. In addition, the use of polarised beams and/or targets allow to access additional observables which are fundamental in order to accurately determine the nucleon resonance properties. The A2@MAMI collaboration is carrying out a broad and s

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Cheary, R. W., and A. Coelho. "A fundamental parameters approach to X-ray line-profile fitting." Journal of Applied Crystallography 25, no. 2 (1992): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889891010804.

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A convolution approach to X-ray powder line-profile fitting is developed in which the line shape is synthesized from the Cu Kα emission profile, the dimensions of the diffractometer and the physical variables of the specimen. In addition to the integrated intensities and 2θ positions of the line profiles, the parameters that may be fitted include the receiving-slit width, the receiving-slit length, the X-ray-source size, the angle of divergence of the incident beam, the X-ray attenuation coefficient of the specimen and the crystallite size. This is a self-consistent approach to fitting as the

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Fraenkel, B. S., Z. H. Kalman, M. Bitter, J. Rice, and A. Ince-Cushman. "Design considerations for a Johann X-ray crystal spectrometer using double reflection in a single crystal to obtain spatially resolved information about a hot plasma seeded with highly charged ions." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 235, no. 1-4 (2005): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.178.

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Sang, Sheng Bo, Chen Yang Xue, Wen Dong Zhang, and Bin Zhen Zhang. "Raman Quantitate Stress in Nano-Thin Film of MEMS." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.943.

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The stress is an important parameter of nano-thin film of the micro-structure. It is essential for the successful design and operation of many micro-machined devices. In this paper, the experiment idea that using Raman spectrometer to quantitate the stress in the nano-thin film of MEMS was put forward and the formula of the stress of Si and GaAs crystal was derived. In the experiment, the Si nano-thin film and AlAs/GaAs nano-thin film on GaAs substrate were grown by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy). The uniaxial pressure is exerted to nano-thin film by using the pressurization instrument designed

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