To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Double foramina.
Journal articles on the topic 'Double foramina'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Double foramina.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Thakur, Umeshwar Prasad, Pranav Kumar Yadav, Brijendra Kumar Sah, Ram Jiban Prasad, and Tirtha Narayan Shah. "Topography and indexing of the nutrient foramina of the adult long bones." Nepal Medical College Journal 25, no. 3 (2023): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v25i3.58733.
Full textAbstract:
The primary source of blood supply for long bones comes from the nutrient arteries that pass through the nutrient foramen. Understanding the location and structure of these foramens is important in surgical procedures to ensure that the bone’s blood supply is not disrupted. To study the morphology and topography of nutrient foramina and to determine the foraminal index of the upper and lower limb long bones. The long bones of the upper and lower limbs including 47 humeri, 38 radii, 38 ulnae, 53 femurs, 57 tibiae, and 44 fibulae were studied. The number and position of primary nutrient foramina were noted and the foraminal index was calculated. Results showed that 82.9% of the humeri had a single nutrient foramen, and 17.0% had double foramina. For the radii, 97.4% had single nutrient foramen and 2.6% had double foramina. A single nutrient foramen was observed in all the ulnae. In the lower limb bone, the femurs had 41.5% of single nutrient foramen, 56.6% had double foramina and only 1.9% had triple nutrient foramina. The tibiae showed 93.0% of the single nutrient foramen and only 7.0% had double foramen. In fibulae, only one nutrient foramen was seen. The mean foraminal index was 57.26 for the humerus, 34.82 for the radius, and 39.32 for the ulna. Similarly, the mean foraminal index of the femur was 44.73, the tibia was 32.32 and the ulna was 46.18. Understanding the location of foramina is crucial inmaintaining bone vasculature during surgical procedures, which can improve the success rates of bone grafting, fracture fixation, and replacement surgeries involving the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints.
2
Barun, Kumar. "An Anatomical and Topographic Study to Discover the Nutrient Foramen of the Clavicle." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 13, no. 4 (2021): 146–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14201856.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of the present study was to determine the nutrient foramen of clavicle an anatomical and topographic. <strong>Methods:</strong> The study material consisted of 120 dry human clavicles of unknown age and sex, without any deformity or fracture, which were collected from the Department of Anatomy, Netaji Subhas Medical College and Hospital, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, India. All the bones were macroscopically observed using magnifying hand lens for the number, position and direction of the nutrient foramina. The nutrient foramina were identified by the presence of a well marked groove and often with slightly raised edge at the commencement of the canal. The distance of foramina from the sternal end & the total length of the clavicle were measured in millimetre, ignoring curves of clavicle. <strong>Results: </strong>The foramina were single in 51(42.5%) clavicles, double in 61 cases (50.83%), and more than two foramina in 8 clavicles (6.67%). Most of the right clavicles contained single foramina (56.67%) whereas left clavicles contained double foramina (63.33%). Three foramen were found in 3 clavicle of right side and 5 clavicles in left side. Total 130 number of nutrient foramen was found, out of which, 36.15% foramen were on inferior surface and 63.85% foramen were on posterior surface of the clavicles. Percentage of clavicle containing nutrient foramina on inferior surface was 45.56% and on posterior surface was 54.44%. Total number of clavicles considered was 90 as some clavicles contained nutrient foramen on both posterior and inferior surfaces .We found 20.77% foramens at the medial 1/3 region, 70% at the middle 1/3 region and 9.23% at the lateral 1/3 region of the shaft of the clavicles. In our study 61.11% of clavicles contained nutrient foramen in middle one third regions, 27.78% contained on medial one third and 11.11 % on lateral one third. Average distance of the foramina from the sternal end was found to be 65.78 mm and the average total length of clavicles was 13.74 cm resulting in the mean foraminal index of 50.97. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Nutrient foramina vary in their position, number and distribution on the bone surface. Knowledge of nutrient foramen is helpful in surgical procedures like bone grafting and in microsurgical bone transplantation.
3
Mutluay, Sukriye Deniz, Ahmet Kursad Acıkgoz, and Memduha Gulhal Bozkır. "Evaluation of Nutrient Foramen in Adult Dry Human Femur." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 41 (2021): 3566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/723.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND Nutrient foramen is a large opening that transfers the arteries that supply the bone to the bone cavity. During surgical procedures, it is very important to have precise and complete information about the location of the foramina to determine whether the fracture line passes close to the nutrient foramina. The purpose of this study was to determine the number and position of the femoral nutrient foramina together with morphometric measurements. METHODS A total of 93 dry adult femurs with unknown sexes were examined in this study. The direction, location and the total number of nutrient foramina of the femur were investigated by using an anthropometer (Lafayette instrument, Indiana). Also, foraminal index was calculated. RESULTS The analysis revealed that 28 (53.8 %) of the femurs with a single nutrient foramen were on the right side and 22 (53.7 %) were on the left side, respectively. Femurs with double nutrient foramina were 23 (44.2 %) and 18 (43.9 %) on right and left sides, respectively. Femurs with triple nutrient foramina were 1(1.9 %) and 1 (2.4 %) on right and left sides, respectively. The foraminal index of femurs was found as (41, 58 %) and (42, 23 %) on the right and left sides, respectively. The nutrient foramen was mostly 84 (90.3 %) located at the middle third of the femur. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide information and details about nutrient foramen which have clinical importance, especially in surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation. KEY WORDS Femur, Foraminal Index, Nutrient Artery, Nutrient Foramina
4
Rati, Tandon, Arora Manali, Bhatnagar Vaibhav, and Yasmin Nahid. "Morphometric and Topographic Analysis of Nutrient Foramen in Human Clavicle in North India." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 8 (2024): 1890–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14448761.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Background:</strong> The nutrient foramen in bones, including the clavicle, is critical for providing the blood supply necessary for bone health, repair, and maintenance. Understanding the morphometric and topographic characteristics of the nutrient foramen is essential for improving clinical and surgical outcomes, especially in orthopedic procedures involving the clavicle. <strong>Aim:</strong> This study aims to analyze various morphometric parameters viz. total length of clavicle (L), distance of nutrient foramina from sternal end (A), and Foraminal Index (H) as well as topographical parameters viz. number, position, and direction of nutrient foramina in human clavicles from a North Indian population to provide valuable anatomical data for clinical and surgical applications. <strong>Methods:</strong> The study included 80 human clavicles (43 right and 37 left). The presence, number, position, and direction of nutrient foramina, the total length of clavicle (L), the distance of nutrient foramina from sternal end (A), and Foraminal Index (H) were recorded using standard anatomical measurement techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, with chi-square tests to compare the findings between right and left clavicles. <strong>Results: </strong>Sixty (75%) of the 80 clavicles had at least one nutrient foramen, while 13 (16.25%) had two nutrient foramen. It was also noted that 7(8.75%) had no nutrient foramen. Among the right clavicles, 35 (81.39%) and 5(11.62%) had single and double nutrient foramina respectively, whereas 25 (67.56%) and 8(21.62%) of the left clavicles had single and double nutrient foramina respectively. Both the right (87.5%) and left (84.84%) clavicle’s middle third had the majority of the nutrient foramina. The acromial end of the all clavicles received nutrient foramina. Regarding the existence, orientation, and direction of nutrient foramina, there were no appreciable variations between the left and right clavicles (p > 0.05). The mean total length of clavicle (L) and distance of the nutrient foramen (A) from the sternal end were 13.83cm and 6.84 cm respectively. The mean Foraminal Index (H) was 47.15%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study demonstrates a high prevalence of nutrient foramina in human clavicles, primarily located in the middle third and directed towards the acromial end. These findings are consistent across both right and left clavicles, underscoring the uniformity in clavicular vascular supply strategies. <strong>Recommendations:</strong> Future research should focus on exploring the clinical implications of these anatomical findings, particularly in surgical planning and fracture management. Advanced imaging techniques could further enhance the understanding of nutrient foramina characteristics.
5
Shrestha, Pragya, Dil Islam Mansur, Dilip Kumar Mehta, Sheprala Shrestha, and Anupama Shrestha. "Variations of Nutrient Foramen of Femur and its Clinical Implications." Journal of Lumbini Medical College 7, no. 2 (2019): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22502/jlmc.v7i2.270.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Nutrient foramen is the largest opening on the shaft of the femur that conveys nutrient artery into the marrow cavity. Knowledge on locations of nutrient foramina is essential during surgical procedures as well as to rule out if the fracture line passes through the foramina. The purpose of the study was to determine the number and position of nutrient foramina in relation to length and topography of the femur. Methods: The study model was descriptive, cross-sectional study that included 151 femurs (71 right and 80 left side). The total number, location, and direction of nutrient foramina were investigated. Total length of femur and distance of foramen from the proximal end was measured with the 500mm 20" Digital Vernier Nib Jaw Caliper Metric/ Imperial Machine-DRO and finally Foraminal Index was calculated. Results: The analysis revealed 119(78.81%) of the femurs with single nutrient foramen, 31(20.52%) with double and 1(0.67%) with triple nutrient foramina. Foraminal Index II was found in 74(86.05%) on right side and 90(91.84%) on left side. The most common location of nutrient foramen was the medial lip of linea aspera (n= 77, 41.85%). All of the foramina were directed towards the proximal end. Conclusion: The present study has reported the majority of nutrient foramina located in the middle third of femur along the linea aspera. Thus, linea aspera should not be stripped off during surgical procedures to avoid damage to the nutrient arteries.
6
Singroha, Ritu, Usha Verma, Suresh Kanta Rathee, and Soujanya Agrawal. "A STUDY ON INCIDENCE OF ZYGOMATICOFACIAL FORAMEN IN DRIED HUMAN SKULLS OF NORTH INDIAN POPULATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 05 (2024): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18727.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Zygomaticofacial foramen is present on the lateral surface of zygomatic arch near its orbital border. It transmits the Zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels. A significant amount of variation has been reported in the incidence of Zygomaticofacial foramen among different population due to the regional variance in anthropometry of humans. Objective: The main objective behind this study was to assess the differences in the incidence of Zygomaticofacial foramen in adult dried human skulls of North Indian population. Methods: The study was carried out at Department of Anatomy, PGIMS Rohtak on 70 dried human skulls, out of which 44 skulls were of males and 26 skulls were of females. The zygomatic arch of skull was studied for the frequency variations of Zygomaticofacial foramen from no foramina to as many as four foramina. Results: It was found that frequency of single and double foramina and absence of foramina was more in males, whereas frequency of triple and four foramina was more in females. Frequency of double and triple foramina was more on right side, whereas frequency of single and four foramina and absence of foramina was more on left side. Conclusion: The anatomical knowledge of the frequency variations of Zygomaticofacial foramen is essential for surgeons in various surgical procedures.
7
Parmar, Ajay, Pankaj Maheria, and Kanan Shah. "Study of Nutrient Foramina in Human Typical Long Bones of Lower Limb." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 08, no. 02 (2019): 077–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688547.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background and Aim Nutrient foramina form important landmarks on human bones as they form portal of entry for nutrient artery. Nutrient artery is an important source of blood supply for a growing bone. Different parameters of nutrient foramina are important in various procedures such as vascularized bone grafting, tumor resections, fracture repair, and other surgical procedures in orthopedics. The objective of the present study was to report the number, position, direction, size, and foraminal index of nutrient foramen in the femur, tibia, and fibula. Materials and Methods The present study analyzed the location, direction, size, and the number of nutrient foramina in the diaphysis of 180 long bones of the lower limbs of adults: 60 femurs, 60 tibiae, and 60 fibulae. Result The location of the nutrient foramina is predominant on the posterior aspect of the lower limb long bones. Single nutrient foramen found in the tibia (100%), femur (48.3%), and fibula (60%) may represent as a single source of blood supply. The majority of the femur (50%) and few fibulae (5%) had a double nutrient foramen. The mean foraminal index for the lower limb bones was 40.5% for the left and 38.2% for the right side of the femur, 31.69% for the left and 32.3% for the right side of the tibia, and 32.7% for the left and 31.7% for the right side of the fibula. Conclusion The present study provides information on the number, size, position, and direction of nutrient foramina of the femur, tibia, and fibula bones.
8
Murugan, Magi, and Suman Verma. "A study on variations of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 03, no. 01 (2014): 04–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700714.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background and aims: Foramen transversarium of cervical vertebra is a bony enclosure for the vertebral artery. These foramina are known to exhibit variations in size, shape and may be multiple in number or absent. The aim of this study is to record these variations of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae. Material and methods: This study was carried out on 150 cervical vertebrae available in the department of anatomy at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences. Results: Among 150 cervical vertebrae, 19 vertebrae were found to possess double foramina transversaria. Among these 15 were typical and four were atypical vertebrae. Among 15 typical cervical vertebra 12 (80%) had double foramina on right side, one (6.6%) on left side and two (13.3%) bilaterally. Among four atypical vertebra three (75%) possessed double foramina on right side and one (25%) bilaterally. In one typical vertebra there was an enmeshed foramen. Conclusions: The knowledge of these variations is important for radiologists in interpreting computed tomographs and magnetic resonance images.
9
Hussain, Anwaar, Jawaria Khalid, and Abdul Rauf. "NUTRIENT FORAMEN;." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 08 (2018): 1252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.08.76.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To study the nutrient foramina of the dried human clavicle with respectto their position, number and direction for clinical interest. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Anatomy Department Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad. Period: Six monthsfrom July to December 2017. Material and Methods: 60 dried human clavicles taken frombone bank of Anatomy Department Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad. The foraminawere studied according to their location, and number and direction. The foramina index wascalculated using Hughes Formula by measuring the average total length and average lengthof foramina from sternal end of the clavicle. Results: The nutrient foramen was observed in all60(100%) of the clavicle. Single foramen was present in 22 (36.6%) clavicle and double foramenin 30(50%) clavicle. Triple and quadruple foramen in 6(10%) and 2(3.3%) clavicles respectively.The 34 left clavicles posses single foramen 12 (41.1%), double foramen 14(35.2%) while tripleand quadruple are 6(17.6%) and 2(5.8%) respectively. Total 26 right clavicles had 10 (38.4%)single foramen and 16(61.5%) double foramen. Total number of foramen in all 60 clavicleswere 108 of which 61.1% are located on posterior surface of the clavicle, 27% were found oninferior surface and rest 11.1% were on anterior surface. The clavicle having more than oneforamina are 28 out of which 64.2% was having both inferior and posterior foramina, 21.4 % wasanterior and posterior while 14.28% was located on triple sites anterior, inferior and posterior.We also found 90% of foramina were present on middle 1/3 and 10% on lateral 1/3. 98.3% ofthe foramina were directed to acromial end while rest 1.7 % to sternal end. The mean length offoramina from sternal end is 7.46 cm and mean maximum length of the clavicle was 14.51cm.The mean foramina index was 51.41. Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that most ofthe foramina are located on middle 3rd of the clavicle the commonest site of the fractures of thebone. Most of the foramina are located on the posterior surface denoting its blood supply fromthe neighboring blood supply. The knowledge of the foramina and its blood supply is importantfor fracture healing and bone grafting.
10
Dervisevic, Lejla, Amela Dervisevic, Zurifa Ajanovic, and Ilvana Hasanbegovic. "Analytical and morphometric study of nutrient foramina of femur and its clinical implications." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (2019): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191347.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The femur is supplied princially by the diaphyseal nutrient artery which enters the bone throught the nutrient foramen. This supply is essential during the growing period, the early phases of ossification, and in different surgical procedures. The aim of present study was to examine the morphology and topography of the femur nutrient foramen to provide detalied data on such features.Methods: This was a cross-sectional-descriptive study in which we observed 50 femurs. We analysed the number and location of nutrient foramina, the length of the bone, the position of the nutrient foramen regarding to values of FI, correlation between number of nutrient foramen and length of femur, correlation between position of nutrient foramen and side of extremity to which femur belongs.Results: The double foramina were common in right (57.1%) and left (42.1%) femur, mostly located in medial lip of aspera line in right (64.3%) and on the lateral lip in left femur (68.4%), with statistically significant correlation, χ = 4.85; p = 0.03, p <0.05. The foramina in left (89.5%) and right (96.4%) femur were commonly observed at their middle third, with no statistically significant correlation between position of foramen accordingly to Foraminal Index value and side of extremity on which femur belongs (p=0.56; p>0.05). There is positive correlation between length of right and left femur and number of foramina.Conclusions: The study provides data of the nutrient foramina on femur, which is helpful for clinicians to help preserve bone vascularization during surgery.
11
Dr., Abubaker Mohamed Ali, Mohamed Mustafa ahmed Dr., Ahmed zidan Dr., Fwaz Eljili marhoom Dr., and Mujahid Mohamed IMAM Dr. "Morphology study with review: Variations of the number, position, size & direction of nutrient foramina of femur (surgical and clinical impacts)." International Journal of Healthcare Sciences 11, no. 2 (2024): 131–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10577700.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Abstract:</strong> Background: The Femur bone is a vascular structure with unique features in its blood supply via numerous foramina located over its different segments, being named as nutrient foramina. Among vascular foramina, nutrient foramen is an important one which gives way to the nutrient artery. Methods: This study was conducted using descriptive cross sectional based of the study designs & it will include 50 femur bones of different cadaveric specimen’s witch will be obtained from the osteology section of our Department of Anatomy. All bones belonged to Sudanese cadavers, the age and gender of which are not determined. All the bones will macroscopically observe for the number, location and direction of the nutrient foramina. A magnifying lens were used to observe the foramina. The nutrient foramina were identified by the well-marked, often slightly raised, edge at the commencement of the canal. Results: The nutrient foramina of 50 dry adult human Femora, 38 Femora had single nutrient foramen, 9 had two nutrient foramina and 3had absent nutrient foramina. Location of 28 of single nutrient foramina were located at the junction of upper and middle 1/3rd of the femur, 4 of single nutrient foramina were located at the junction of middle and lower 1/3rd of the femur, 6 of single nutrient foramina were located in middle half of the length of the femur, 5 of double nutrient foramina were located in upper and middle position and 4 of double nutrient foramina located at upper and lower position .according to surface relationship ,37 of single nutrient foramen located at posterior surface and 1 at medial surface .7 of double nutrient foramina located at posterior surface and 3at medial surface all nutrient foramina were seen to be directed upwards. <strong>Keywords:</strong> nutrient foramina, vascular foramina, surgical and clinical impacts. <strong>Title:</strong> Morphology study with review: Variations of the number, position, size & direction of nutrient foramina of femur (surgical and clinical impacts) <strong>Author:</strong> Dr. Abubaker Mohamed Ali, Dr. Mohamed Mustafa ahmed, Dr. Ahmed zidan, Dr. Fwaz Eljili marhoom, Dr. Mujahid Mohamed IMAM <strong>International Journal of Healthcare Sciences</strong> <strong>ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)</strong> <strong>Vol. 11, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024</strong> <strong>Page No: 131-142</strong> <strong>Research Publish Journals</strong> <strong>Website: www.researchpublish.com</strong> <strong>Published Date: 28-January-2024</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10577700</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/morphology-study-with-review-variations-of-the-number-position-size--direction-of-nutrient-foramina-of-femur-surgical-and-clinical-impacts</strong>
12
Sharma, M., R. Prashar, T. Sharma, and A. Wadhwa. "Morphological Variations of Nutrient Foramina in Upper Limb Long Bones." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 2, no. 2 (2013): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2013/v2i2/86777.
Full textAbstract:
The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone and is particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus as well as during the early phase of ossification. The aim of the present study was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina in human adult upper limb long bones. The study was performed on 40 upper limb long bones which include 40 humerii, 40 radii, 40 ulnae. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy Punjab institute of medical sciences, Jalandhar. The variations were found in number and location of nutrient foramen in different upper limb bones. In humerus double and triple foramina were found. In radius and ulna double foramina were observed at the maximum. Absence of nutrient foramen was observed in radius. The knowledge about these foramina is useful in surgical procedures.
13
Haque, Shah Md Atiqul, Tasnova Mehataz, Farzana Afros, et al. "Cadaver Study on Variation of Nutrient Foramina of Adult Human Humeri in Bangladeshi Population." Community Based Medical Journal 13, no. 2 (2024): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v13i2.75303.
Full textAbstract:
The nutrient foramen is an opening in the bone shaft which allows passage to the blood vessels of the modularly cavity of a bone for its nourishment and growth. Nutrient artery is the major source of blood supply to bone and it plays an important role in healing of fracture and trauma and is also important for bone grafting. This cross-sectional, descriptive cadaver based study aims to determine the presence, direction, common location, position and number of nutrient foramen of adult human humerus in a Bangladeshi population. One hundred samples (43 on right and 57 on left) were selected through the purposive sampling technique which was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, from July 2021 to June 2022. Any damaged, unossified bones or fractured bones were excluded. The presence of nutrient foramina was observed in the shaft of the humeri. Data were recorded and tabulated to analyze using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. Nutrient foramina was found in all the samples on both sides. So nutrient foramina present on the right side was 100% and on the left side was 100%. The direction of nutrient foramina towards the elbow joint was found in all the samples of both sides. Among 43 right humeri, 37(75.51%) have single-nutrient foramen and 06(24.49%) have double-nutrient foramina. Among 57 left humeri, 53(92.98%) have single nutrient foramen, 03(5.27%) have double nutrient foramina and 01(1.75%) has triple nutrient foramina. In case of location of nutrient foramina, among 49 right nutrient foramina, 45(91.84%) were found on the anteromedial surface, 02(4.08%) were found on the anterolateral surface and 02(4.08%) were on the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus. In case of 62 left nutrient foramina, 57(91.94%) were found on the anteromedial surface and 05(8.06%) were found on the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus. In case of position of nutrient foramina, among 49 right nutrient foramina, 01(2.04%) was found on the upper third, 46(93.88%) on the middle third and 02(4.08%) on the lower third of the shaft of the humerus. In case of 62 left nutrient foramina, 01(1.60%) was on the upper third, 57(91.95%) were on the middle third and 04(6.45%) were on the lower third of the shaft of the humerus. CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 176-182
14
Ganapathy, Arthi, Sadeesh T., and Sudha Rao. "Occipital emissary foramina in adult human skulls and their clinical implications." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 02, no. 01 (2013): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401691.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background and Aims: Occipital emissary veins are important sources of bleeding during skull base surgeries like suboccipital craniotomies. To prevent such complications it is important to know the topography and incidence of occipital emissary foramina hence the present study aims to find the incidence and location of occipital emissary foramina in adult human skulls of Indian origin. Materials and methods: One hundred human skulls from the collection of Department of Anatomy Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry and other medical colleges in and around Pondicherry were evaluated. The bones were examined for incidence of occipital emissary foramina. Number of emissary foramina and their distance from the margin of foramen magnum were noted. The patency of the foramina was confirmed by passing a probe through it. Results: Out of the 100 human adult skull bones examined 14(14%) of them showed patent occipital formina. Six of these foramina were present on the left side and six on the right side of midline. Double occipital foramina were seen in two skulls (2%). All the foramina were in proximity to foramen magnum than to the external occipital protuberance. The average distance of the occipital emissary foramina from the margin of foramen magnum was 1.13cm on the left side and 1.10cm on the right side. Conclusion: The present study has shown that the occipital emissary foramina occur at a higher frequency than what has been described earlier in literature.
15
Bilodi, Arun Kumar S., S. C. Gupta, and R. C. Saxena. "A STUDY ON SUPRA ORBITAL FORAMINA IN HUMAN SKULL." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 41, no. 144 (2003): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.695.
Full textAbstract:
In the Anatomy department of Ncpalgunj Medical College, Nepal 51 adult humanskulls were studied regarding supra orbital foramen. Various types or combination ofsupra orbital foramen, supra orbital notch, double foramina, double notch, incompleteforamen, absence of all above. Their number & percentage were calculated both onright and left side separately, compared & correlated with other studiesKey Words: Supra orbital foramen, Supra orbital notch, Supra orbital ligament,Periosteal ligament.
16
Kamath, Venkatesh, Shivarama Bhat, Muhammed Asif, and Ramakrishna Avadhani. "Topography of diaphyseal nutrient foramina of femora and their implications in bone grafting." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 05, no. 03 (2016): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401608.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background : Long bones derive their nutrition through a nutrient artery that enters the bone through a foramen in its diaphysis. An orthopedic surgeon must be familiar with the topography of the nutrient foramina to avoid vascular compromise during surgery. Aim :This study attempts to analyze the topography of primary nutrient foramina of femora. Materials and method : One hundred dry adult femora were used for this study. The primary diaphyseal nutrient foramina were identified macroscopically using hand lens. The number of foramina and their position were noted and the foramina! index was calculated. Results : It was observed that 79% of femora had single primary nutrient foramen, 20% had double foramina and I% had three foramina. All the foramina were located between 30.8%-89.6% of total length of femur. 11.47 % of foramina were in the upper third, 1.64% in the lower third and the majority 86.88% of foramina were in the middle third of femur. The mean foramina!index was 46.01. 82.78% of foramina were located on the linea aspera, 14.75% on the medial surface and2.46% on the lateral surface. Conclusion : An orthopedic surgeon operating on femur must be careful in the middle 1/3rd, especially over the linea aspera as majority of primary diaphyseal foramina were observed in this region. A cogent knowledge of vascular topography ensures preservation of vasculature of the bone during surgeries. This enables rapid healing of surgical wound increasing the success rates of fracture fixation, bone grafting, vascularized microscopic surgeries and hip and knee replacement procedures.
17
Jha, Shweta, and Renu Chauhan. "Morphological and topographic study of diaphyseal nutrient foramen of femur and its clinical implications in North Indian population." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 9 (2017): 4036. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173978.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Nutrient foramen of long bones defines the extent of bone vascularisation. Information regarding nutrient foramen is necessary to conserve circulation during orthopaedic and surgical procedures. The present study was conducted to examine the position, number and calibre of nutrient foramina in 100 dry femora belonging to North Indian population.Methods: The total length (TL) of each femur was measured by taking the measurement between the most proximal aspect of the head of the femur and the most distal aspect of the medial condyle. Number of nutrient foramina was determined by using a magnifying lens. Distance of nutrient foramen from upper end was measured. Direction and obliquity of nutrient foramina were noted. Position of nutrient foramina was determined in relation to length of femur and linea aspera. Caliber of nutrient foramen was measured using 18, 20, 22 and 24-gauge needles.Results: Length of femur on right side was 435.2 mm (Range 393-523 mm). Length of femur on left side was 437 mm (range 369-524). 78 (78%) femora had single nutrient foramen, 11 (11%) had double nutrient foramen and 11 (11%) had no nutrient foramen. All foramina were directed upwards. Maximum foramina were located in middle third of femur (84%) followed by upper third of femur (8%). Most common location was on the intermediate area between two lips of linea aspera (42%) followed closely by medial lip of linea aspera (36%).Conclusions: This study has provided additional data on the subject which will help in resection, surgical procedures and transplantation techniques by orthopedician in North Indian population.
18
Kwiatkowska, Barbara, Jacek Szczurowski, and Dariusz Nowakowski. "Variation in Foramina Transversaria of Human Cervical Vertebrae in the Medieval Population from Sypniewo (Poland)." Anthropological Review 77, no. 2 (2014): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2014-0014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Since the foramina provide important reference points to radiologists and surgeons, and because their shape and size may affect the blood supply to the cerebellum and the brainstem, the knowledge of the variation of foramina transversaria is essential from the medical point of view. The variation in the number, size and shape of foramina transversaria was studied based on 129 skeletons (68 male, 61 female, total of 1065 foramina) from the environs of Sypniewo. In both sexes single foramina were the most frequent (ca. 70%); in females no double foramina were observed, while triple foramina appeared only twice. In males double foramina formed ca. 40% and triple foramina were very rare. The shape and size of foramina depended to the same extent on the position of the vertebra and on the body side.
19
Dakshayani K.R and Uma Shivanal. "Morphological study of nutrient foramen in adult human clavicles." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 1.2 (2021): 7886–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2020.255.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The Clavicle is a modified long bone and only long bone which is placed horizontally and subcutaneously at the root of neck. It transmits the weight from upper limb to the axial skeleton. Nutrient foramen is the largest foramen on the long bones through which nutrient artery for the bones passes. The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone, particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus, as well as during the early phase of ossification. The bone has a cylindrical part called the shaft and two ends, lateral and medial. The shaft is divisible into the lateral one-third and the medial two-thirds. The inferior surface of shaft of clavicle presents a subclavian groove. A Nutrient foramen lies at the lateral end of the groove running in a lateral direction. Aims & objectives: To note the position, number and direction of nutrient foramen Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on 100 adult human clavicles of unknown sex and age collected from the department of anatomy, Mysore medical college and research institute, Mysore. Clavicles were examined by direct observation to note the position, number and direction of nutrient foramen. A magnifying lens was used to observe the foramina. Results: The study was conducted on 100 adult human clavicles (50 right and 50 left), and we observed the following results: Nutrient foramina were present in 97 clavicles - 49 clavicles (right) and 48 clavicles (left). Single foramina was present in 80 clavicles, 41 clavicles (right) and 39 clavicles (left) Double foramina were present in 17 clavicles, 8 clavicles (right) and 9 clavicles (left). Absence of nutrient foramina were found in 3 clavicles, 1 clavicle (right) and 2 clavicles (left). All foramina were directed towards the acromial end of the clavicle. Conclusion: The knowledge of anatomical variations of nutrient foramina in clavicles are important for surgeons for performing surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularised bone transplantation. KEY WORDS: Clavicle, Nutrient Foramen, Bone Graft.
20
Moeen-Ud-Din, Hafiz, Ayesha Afzal, Asma Siddique, et al. "Morphometric Measurement of Distance of Nutrient Foramen from Proximal, Distal Ends and Circumferential Diameter at the level of Nutrient Foramen in dry adult Humerii." Esculapio 17, no. 4 (2023): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51273/esc21.251748.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To analyse the morphometric measurements of different parameters of adult dry humerii bones with reference to its clinical importance in different surgical conditions. Bones were available in the department of Anatomy, King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan. Methods: Across sectional morphometric study which was done from 1st March 2021 to 30th April 2021 in the department of anatomy by having 60 dry humerii. Bones which were not in good condition or damaged by any means were excluded from study. Different parameters like maximum length of humerus, distance of nutrient foramina from the different ends of humerus and the circumferential diameter of shaft at the level of nutrient foramen were also noted. The number, distance and site of nutrient foramina were noted macroscopically by using a vernier caliper, measuring scale and metallic wire. Ethical clearance was taken from Ethical review board of King Edward medical university. Results: The number of right sided humerii were 31 and the number of left humerii were 29. The number of nutrient foramen varies in right and left side. On the right side the number of nutrient foramina were more as compared to the left side. Out of total right sided; 9 humerii were having double nutrient foramen and out of total left sided humerii ; the double nutrient foramen was found in only 1. When it compared to this study, the results for total length of humerus between right and left side it showed no significant difference as p-value was 0.311. But when it compared to the diameter between the two groups it showed the significant difference as p-value is < 0.05. Conclusion: It is concluded that variations in the morphometry of humerus was present in current study. Such as humerus can have more than one nutrient foramen. Single nutrient foramen is mostly seen in both sides of humerii. Although there was no difference seen in the size and location of foramina and no statistical difference was found between maximum length of right and left humerii. But this study will add further knowledge of humerus into literature regarding variations in its morphology present in local population. This knowledge will also help clinicians during any type of reconstructive bone surgery.
21
Kabir, Md Humalun, Parimal Chandra Mallick, AFM Sarwar, and Hasan Mohammad Rizvi. "Accessory Mental Foramen of the Mandible Found With Radiographic Images: A Case Report." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 6, no. 2 (2017): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v6i2.31778.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this study is to present a case of an accessory mental foramen. Detection of the position of mental foramen is important during surgical procedures in terms of achieving effective mandibular nerve blocks and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles. A 64-year-o1d man visited us for taking treatment. Preoperative panoramic radiography and CT were conducted. A multi-section reconstructed sagittal image showed two mental foramina leading to the mandibular canal on the right side of the mandible, which were considered to be double mental foramina. Although no surgical procedure was planned, the patient was informed about the existence and importance of the anatomical variation with regard to the need for local anesthesia, diagnosis of periapical diseases, and the prevention of nerve damage during surgery in that area of his mandibleJ Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):90-92
22
Balta, Cenk. "An Anatomic Abnormality: Double Sternal Foramina." Turkish Thoracic Journal 20, no. -1 (2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/turkthoracj.2019.296.
Full text
23
Fatima, Taqdees, Vanitha, and H. S. Kadlimatti. "Double suprascapular foramina: an anatomical variation." International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (2015): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2319-5886.2015.00081.8.
Full text
24
Jasani, Vishal K., Siddiq Ahmed, and Christopher Avery. "Double Accessory Mental Foramina- Case report." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 52, no. 8 (2014): e106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.07.190.
Full text
25
Ghazala, Perween, Kumar Ajay, Prasad Sah Lalan, and Ali Amam Seikh. "Study of Morphology of Nutrient Foramina in Human Fibulae." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 14, no. 5 (2024): 253–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13100484.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> Nutrient artery enters the bone obliquely through the nutrient foramen, which is directed away as a rule from the growing end, to locate and describe as well as to observe any variation in the number and the position of nutrient foramen of fibula. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> Present study was done on 189 human dried fibulae collected from Madhubani medical college Madhubani, Bihar. In this study we used magnifying hand lens and a thin stiff wire to confirm the number and direction of nutrient foramen. <strong>Results:</strong> Out of 189 fibulae examined, 168 (88.88%) showed a single foramen while 17 (8.99%) possessed double foramina and 4 (2.11%) are having no nutrient foramen. Of the total 202 foramina, 197 (97.5%) existed in the middle third, 3 (1.5%) in upper third and 2 (0.99%) were in the lower third of the shaft. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study has provided information on the morphology and topography of nutrient foramen in fibulae. This knowledge of nutrient foramen is useful in certain surgical procedures to preserve the circulation.
26
Jabeen, Sarwat, Muhammad Kamran Ameer, Faiza Mehboob, Shaheen Haider, Summyah Niazi, and Faiza Irshad. "Evaluation of Morphologic and Topographic Anatomy of Nutrient Foramina of the Dried Human Tibia." Annals of Punjab Medical College 17, no. 4 (2023): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2023.1254.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Understanding the anatomical features of the distal humerus, including its articulations, bony landmarks, and ligamentous attachments, is essential for accurate diagnosis of injuries in this region. Objective: To comprehensively investigate and analyze the anatomical features of the distal humerus, with a specific focus on the tibia. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Anatomy, Dow Medical College (DUHS), Karachi Pakistan. Duration: From July 2022 to December 2022. Methods: The study utilized a combination of anatomical dissection and morphometric measurements to investigate the distal humerus, focusing on the tibia. Dissections were performed on cadaveric specimens to visualize and document the anatomical structures, while morphometric measurements were conducted using precision instruments. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and comparisons with existing literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the anatomical features of the distal humerus. Results: There were 39 (86.66%) single and 6 (13.33%) double nutrient foramina on the right side, while the left side had 41 (83.67%) single and 4 (8.88%) double. The majority of foramina were directed downward, with 41 (45.55%) on the right and 43 (47.77%) on the left. On the antero-medial surface, there were 37 (82.22%) on the right and 35 (77.77%) on the left. The distance from the proximal end to the nutrient foramen was 17.76 ± 2.81 cm on the right and 17.12 ± 2.11 cm on the left. The foraminal index was 41.68 ± 7.41 on the right and 42.98 ± 6.81 on the left. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides a detailed anatomical analysis of the distal humerus, emphasizing the specific features of the tibia.
27
Li, Jiantao, Hao Zhang, Peng Yin, et al. "A New Measurement Technique of the Characteristics of Nutrient Artery Canals in Tibias Using Materialise’s Interactive Medical Image Control System Software." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/171672.
Full textAbstract:
We established a novel measurement technique to evaluate the anatomic information of nutrient artery canals using Mimics (Materialise’s Interactive Medical Image Control System) software, which will provide full knowledge of nutrient artery canals to assist in the diagnosis of longitudinal fractures of tibia and choosing an optimal therapy. Here we collected Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format of 199 patients hospitalized in our hospital. All three-dimensional models of tibia in Mimics were reconstructed. In 3-matic software, we marked five points in tibia which located at intercondylar eminence, tibia tuberosity, outer ostium, inner ostium, and bottom of medial malleolus. We then recorded Z-coordinates values of the five points and performed statistical analysis. Our results indicate that foramen was found to be absent in 9 (2.3%) tibias, and 379 (95.2%) tibias had single nutrient foramen. The double foramina was observed in 10 (2.5%) tibias. The mean of tibia length was 358 ± 22 mm. The mean foraminal index was 31.8% ± 3%. The mean distance between tibial tuberosity and foramen (TFD) is 66 ± 12 mm. Foraminal index has significant positive correlation with TFD (r = 0.721, P < 0.01). Length of nutrient artery canals has significant negative correlation with TFD (r = −0.340, P < 0.01) and has significant negative correlation with foraminal index (r=-0.541, P<0.01).
28
Chaudhary, Raju Kumar, Arun Dhakal, Sanjib Kumar Sah, Surya B. Prajuli, Suman Pokhrel, and Santosh Kumar Deo. "Morphometric Evaluation of Dry Humerus Bone in a Medical College of Eastern Nepal." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (2019): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v4i2.25455.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Anthropometric measurement of dry bones are helpful to estimate the stature. It is useful for differentiating unidentified bodies, skeletal remains, surgical procedures and are helpful for anthropologists, anatomists, forensic and surgery.
 Objective: The objective of this study was to find the morphometric measurements of dry Humerus bone available at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital of Eastern Nepal.
 Methodology: A cross- sectional study was conducted from 28th June- 28th July 2019 in the department of Anatomy of Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital by taking 59 dry humerus bone. Various parameters such as maximum length, circumference of surgical neck, epicondylar breadth together with position and number of nutrient foramina were measured. Data was collected using osteometric board, vernier caliper and tape. The number, direction and location of nutrient foramina were observed macroscopically by using a fine wire. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital.
 Results: Among 59 dry humerus bone, majority (32) were left humerus. No statistical significant difference was found in morphometric measurements between right and left side of dry Humerus bone. The single nutrient foramen was present in 85.18% and 81.25% of right and left humeri respectively. Double nutrient foramina in 14.81% of right humeri and 15.62% of left humeri. Triple nutrient foramina was only seen in left humeri (3.12%).
 Conclusion: Single nutrient foramen is most common in both sides of humeri. No statistical significant difference was found between right and left humeri in the different parameters such as maximum humeral length (MHL), vertical diameter of superior articular surface (VDSAS), circumference of surgical neck (CSN), circumferences of middle shaft (CMS), epicondylar breath (EB), medial epicondyle to capitulum (ME - C), transverse diameter inferior articular surface (TDIAS), maximum transverse diameter of trochlea (MTDT), anteroposterior diameter of the trochlea (APDT) and position of nutrient foramina (PNF).
29
Poudel, Abhishek, and Biswas Satyal. "A Study of Variation of Nutrient Foramen of Dry Adult Humerus." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 17, no. 1 (2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v17i1.25314.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Nutrient artery is the chief artery for the blood supply of the long bone and passes through the nutrient foremen which lie towards the medial border in the anteromedial surface below the midpoint in humerus. During the surgical procedures like bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation, the knowledge of nutrient foramen is important. The nutrient artery plays an important role in nonunion and delayed union of fracture bone.
 Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the number, position and direction of the nutrient foramina of humerus.
 Materials and Methods: 50 humerus, 21 of right and 29 of left side were studied without any pathological disorders.
 Results: Single nutrient foremen was observed in 80% humerus. Double foramen in 16%. There was no foramen in 4% humerus. It was also concluded that 88% humerus had the nutrient foremen in anteromedial surface. Nutrient foremen were dominant in Zone II with 82%. All foramen were directed towards the lower end of humeri.
 Conclusion: The presence of single foramen in the zone II was dominant. The nutrient foramina were also dominant in the anteromedial surface of the humerus.
30
Malik, Vivek Singh, Gargi Soni, Vipin Garsa, SK Rathee, and Sanjay Gupta. "AN OSTEOLOGICAL STUDY OF DOUBLE FORAMINA TRANSVERSARIA OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAE." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 5, no. 1.2 (2017): 3527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2017.105.
Full text
31
Vinay, G. "Double supra scapular foramina: A case report." Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 65 (September 2016): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.379.
Full text
32
Nurmukhametov, Renat, Manuel De Jesus Encarnacion Ramirez, Medet Dosanov, et al. "Quantifying Lumbar Foraminal Volumetric Dimensions: Normative Data and Implications for Stenosis—Part 2 of a Comprehensive Series." Medical Sciences 12, no. 3 (2024): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci12030034.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS) occurs primarily due to degenerative changes in older adults, affecting the spinal foramina and leading to nerve compression. Characterized by pain, numbness, and muscle weakness, LFS arises from structural changes in discs, joints, and ligaments, further complicated by factors like inflammation and spondylolisthesis. Diagnosis combines patient history, physical examination, and imaging, while management ranges from conservative treatment to surgical intervention, underscoring the need for a tailored approach. Materials and Methods: This multicenter study, conducted over six years at a tertiary hospital, analyzed the volumetric dimensions of lumbar foramina and their correlation with nerve structures in 500 patients without lumbar pathology. Utilizing high-resolution MRI with a standardized imaging protocol, eight experienced researchers independently reviewed the images for accurate measurements. The study emphasized quality control through the calibration of measurement tools, double data entry, validation checks, and comprehensive training for researchers. To ensure reliability, interobserver and intraobserver agreements were analyzed, with statistical significance determined by kappa statistics and the Student’s t-test. Efforts to minimize bias included blinding observers to patient information and employing broad inclusion criteria to mitigate referral and selection biases. The methodology and findings aim to enhance the understanding of normal lumbar foramina anatomy and its implications for diagnosing and treating lumbar conditions. Results: The study’s volumetric analysis of lumbar foramina in 500 patients showed a progressive increase in foraminal volume from the L1/L2 to the L5/S1 levels, with significant enlargement at L5/S1 indicating anatomical and biomechanical complexity in the lumbar spine. Lateral asymmetry suggested further exploration. High interobserver and intraobserver agreement levels (ICC values of 0.91 and 0.95, respectively) demonstrated the reliability and reproducibility of measurements. The patient cohort comprised 58% males and 42% females, highlighting a balanced gender distribution. These findings underscore the importance of understanding foraminal volume variations for lumbar spinal health and pathology. Conclusion: Our study significantly advances spinal research by quantifying lumbar foraminal volumes, revealing a clear increase from the L1/L2 to the L5/S1 levels, indicative of the spine’s adaptation to biomechanical stresses. This provides clinicians with a precise tool to differentiate between pathological narrowing and normal variations, enhancing the detection and treatment of lumbar foraminal stenosis. Despite limitations like its cross-sectional design, the strong agreement in measurements underscores the method’s reliability, encouraging future research to further explore these findings’ clinical implications.
33
Ranjan, Kumar Das, and Sarangi Charulata. "Morphometric and Topographic Investigation of Nutrient Foramen in the Human Clavicle in North India." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 3 (2023): 1327–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12790750.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Objective: </strong>The main blood supply to a long bone comes from the nutrient artery, which enters the bone shaft through the nutrient foramen. This is especially true throughout a long bone’s growth phase in the embryo and fetus as well as during the early stages of ossification in childhood. Recent research has demonstrated that the blood supply of bone has a significant impact on the lifespan of vascularized bone and joint allografts. The objective of this research was to examine the nutritional foramen in 102 adult humans of North Indian origin. <strong>Method: </strong>At Department of Anatomy, DRIEMS Institute of Health Science & Hospital, Cuttack from June 2021 to July 2022, the study was conducted. Foramina Index was used to calculate how many and where each nutrient foramen was distributed along the length of each bone. It was also noted the nutrient canal’s direction. <strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that 71% of clavicles had a single nutrition foramen, 21% had double foramen, and 8% had more than two foramen. 31% of clavicles had foramen on the posterior surface, compared to 69.7% that had foramen across the inferior surface. With 61.0% of dominant foramen situated in the middle third of the bone length, the foramina index range for dominant foramen was between 31% and 76.3%. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The acromial end was the target of the nutrition channel.
34
Eliades, Apostolos N., Kalliopi H. Manta, and Anastasios T. Tsirlis. "Neurovascular Content of the Mandibular Canal and Its Clinical Relevance: A Literature Review of the Related Anatomical and Radiological Studies." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 18, no. 3 (2014): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0020.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYIn literature, anatomical variations of the inferior alveolar nerve branches (infratemporal, extraosseous and intraosseous) are reported and their importance in clinical practice is discussed too. The spatial vessels’ position in relationship with the nerve in the mandibular canal was explored, which is of clinical significance in impacted third molar and implant surgery. It is believed that the neurovascular content of the main mandibular canal follows any variations of the mandibular canal i.e. bifid mandibular, retromolar and accessory mental canals. Retrospective studies and case reports reported the presence of multiple foramina on the medial surface of the ramus, near the main mandibular foramen. In some cases, one supplementary mandibular foramen was found to be connected with the lower third molar, which is called “temporal crest canal”. Others found an accessory mandibular foramen that led into a second mandibular canal which joined the main mandibular canal (double) anteriorly. The bony canals contained a terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve or a branch of inferior alveolar nerve before it entered the mandibular foramen.The aim of the study was to describe and classify anatomical structures of the mandibular canal and posterior foramina of the mandible through an extensive review of the corresponding studies via the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases.
35
Chalkoo, Sobia Ali, Parvaiz Ahmad Lone, Shaheen Shahdad, and Ghulam Mohammad Bhat. "Nutrient foramen of humerus." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 10 (2023): 3681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233018.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Humerus is a typical long bone of arm in human body extending from shoulders to elbow. Nutrient foramen is the small opening present in most of the bone of human body to transmit the nutrient artery which supplies nutrition to different parts of bone. The aim of the present study is to identify the number of nutrient foramen in dry humerus and to observe direction and allocation of the nutrient foramina. Methods: The present study was carried out in 60 dry humeri (23 rights and 37 lefts) collected from Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Srinagar. Bones were examined with respect to the number, direction and anatomical location of nutrient foramen. Results: Out of 60 dry humeri, 36 (60%) had a single nutrient foramen, 14 (23.3%) had double, 7 (11.6%) had triple and 3 (5%) had no nutrient foramen. About 52% of the bones had nutrient foramen on the medial border, 40% on the Anteromedial surface, 3% on lateral border, 3% on posterior surface and 2% on the anterior border. Majority of the bones i.e., 81% have the nutrient foramen in the middle 1/3rd zone, 17% at the junction between middle 1/3rd zone and lower 1/3rd zone and 2% in the lower 1/3rd zone. Conclusions: By knowing the number and location of the nutrient foramina in humerus it is useful in preventing intra-operative injury of nutrient artery during orthopedic, plastic and reconstructive surgery.
36
Kilic Safak, Nazire, Zekiye Karaca Bozdag, Ayca Pamukcu, and Ozkan Oguz. "Clinical importance of the relationship between parietal foramen variations and the sagittal suture." Medicine 104, no. 14 (2025): e42075. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000042075.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the prevalence, number, and localization of the parietal foramen in relation to the sagittal suture. Forty skulls (80 parietal bones), whose age and sex were unknown, from the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, were studied. Morphometric measurements were performed using a digital caliper. The presence of the parietal foramen and its number, localization, and distance from the sagittal suture were evaluated in this study. SPSS v.20 software was used for statistical analysis. In addition to descriptive statistical methods, the Mann–Whitney U-test was used to evaluate the quantitative data. The parietal foramen was not detected in 19 skulls (47.5%) but was observed unilaterally in 10 skulls (25%) and bilaterally in 11 skulls (27.5%). The parietal foramen was detected in 32 parietal bones (40%). Furthermore, it was observed as single in 30 parietal bones (37.5%) and as double in 2 parietal bones (2.5%); however, the triple parietal foramen was not detected. There were no double foramens in the right parietal bone. The foramen was not observed in 48 (60%) of the parietal bones. The mean distance between the parietal foramen and sagittal suture was as 7.42 ± 5.64 mm. No statistically significant differences were detected between the parietal foramina in terms of their distances to the sagittal suture on either the right or left side (P > .05). Knowledge of the localization of the parietal foramen and its relationship with the sagittal suture helps understand the relationship between the dural venous sinuses and scalp veins. Furthermore, an understanding of these variations may aid in the detection of congenital anomalies. We believe that the results of this study will contribute important morphometric data for anatomists and clinicians.
37
Ahmed, S., V. Jasani, A. Ali, and C. Avery. "Double accessory mental foramina: report of an anatomical variant." Oral Surgery 8, no. 1 (2014): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ors.12119.
Full text
38
Akter, Mahbuba, Humaira Naushaba, Laila Farzana Khan, Fahmida Zaman, and Israt Jahan Tania. "Observational Study of Diaphyseal Nutrient Foramina in Fully Ossified Dry Human Left Tibia." Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 14, no. 2 (2016): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v14i2.74834.
Full textAbstract:
Context :Nutrient foramen is an opening through which the nutrient artery enters and supplies the shaft of the long bones. An understanding of the number and location of diaphyseal nutrient foramina on tibia is very important clinically, especially for orthopedic and vascular surgeons as well as to radiologists for planning of treatment. Materials and methods : This is an observational descriptive type of study which was carried out in the department of Anatomy of Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC),Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015 performed on two hundred (n=200; male=102 & female=98) fully ossified dry human left tibia.This study was carried out on the samples by direct observational method. Results: The nutrient foramen was single in number in 99% samples , double in number in 1 % samples. The location of nutrient foramen was observed on the posterior surface in 97.5% cases and on the antero-lateral surface in 2.5% cases. No nutrient foramen was observed on the antero medial surface. Conclusion: The anatomical knowledge gained from this study and the obtained recorded data can be useful in certain surgical procedures as well as bone transplant, reconstruction surgery, tumor resection and microvascular surgery. Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2016, Vol. 14, No. 2 pp. 39-42
39
Sintakala, Chandan, and Prabina Manandhar. "Study of Nutrient Foramen in Humerus." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 16, no. 4 (2020): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v16i4.27525.
Full textAbstract:
Background
 Nutrient foramen is the gateway for the nutrient artery to provide nutrition in different parts of the bone which play important role in healing during fracture, trauma and also important for bone grafting. The aim the study is to identify the number of nutrient foramen in dry humerus and to observe direction as well as allocation of the nutrient foramen in surfaces and borders.
 Methods
 The sample for the study were collected from medical and dental colleges of Nepal in years ranging from 2018 to 2020 AD and the height were measured by the help of using vernier caliper, probe was introduced in nutrient foramen to confirmed its direction. The numbers of nutrient foramen were noted in copy and analyzed the statistics by using software called the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 20.
 Results
 In the study of 200 sample of humerus from the department of anatomy from different medical and dental college of Nepal includes Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu University School of Medical Science, M.B. kedia Dental College and Lumbini Medical College. Out of 200 sample, 74 were right and 126 were left Humerus of human body. In 143 bone (i.e. 71.5%) a single nutrient foramen is present, in 44 bone (i.e. 22.0%) double nutrient foramen is present and triple nutrient foramen was also observed in 9 bone (i.e. 4.5%)whereas in 4 bone (i.e. 2.0%) no nutrient foramen were noticied. It was also noticed that nutrient foramen in 173, 15 and 3 bones were observed at medial, lateral and posterior border respectively. According to the foraminal index 1(0.5%) bone comes under Zone I, 182(91%) in zone II and zone III consists of 13(6.5%) bone and average foramina index of bone is calculated as 56.18 and the average length of Humerus is calculated as 27cm. Pearson correlation is significant at the 0.05 level which is significant for bone having single, double and triple nutrient foramen. In the study the nutrient foramen of 98.47% (193) Humerus directed downward toward the distal end of bone whereas in 1.53% (3) of bone nutrient foramen is directed vertically downward and no nutrient foramen is directed upward toward the proximal end.
 Conclusions
 Most of the nutrient foramen of humerus follows as per rule where as some of the bone with no nutrient foramen were founded and our result support the former researchers too.
40
Elsheikh, Ezzeddin, Wail Fayez Nasr, and Amal Al Shahat Ibrahim. "Anatomical Variations of Infraorbital Foramen in Dry Human Adult Egyptian Skulls, Anthropometeric Measurements and Surgical Relevance." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 5, no. 3 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/aijoc-5-3-1.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Objectives Evidence supports a clear racial variation in the position of the infraorbital foramen (IOF). Therefore detailed knowledge of the population specific data on biometric features of (IOF) will facilitate therapeutic, diagnostic and surgical manipulations in the maxillofacial region. The goal of this study was to elucidate the morphological features and precise anatomical position of the (IOF) with reference to surrounding anatomical landmarks in an adult Egyptian population. Materials and methods Fifty-nine adult dry Egyptian skulls (32 males and 27 females) were assessed to determine the number, shape, orientation, vertical and transverse diameters of the IOF, transverse distance from the IOF to the maxillary midline, the zygomaticomaxillary suture and the vertical distance from the IOF to the infraorbital rim and accessory infraorbital foramen using a metal casting digital vernier caliper. The position of the IOF was determined in relation to the maxillary teeth. The findings indicated that the size of the IOF and the mean distances from the IOF to the maxillary midline, infraorbital rim and foramen was significantly larger in males than in females. Results The majority of IOF among the skulls were semilunarshaped in 59.4% in male skulls and 48.1% in female skulls. The majority were directed inferomedially in 88.9% in female skulls and 78.1 % in male skulls. Accessory foramina were found in 21.87% of male skulls and 18.5% of female skulls. All had bilateral double foramina except for one male skull and one female skull. Conclusion The racial and gender differences of the IOF emphasize the need for meticulous preoperative evaluation of the IOF in patients who are candidates for maxillofacial surgeries and regional block anesthesia.
41
Elsheikh, Ezzeddin, Wail Fayez Nasr, and Amal Al Shahat Ibrahim. "Anatomical Variations of Infraorbital Foramen in Dry Human Adult Egyptian Skulls, Anthropometric Measurements and Surgical Relevance." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 5, no. 3 (2013): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1125.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Objectives Evidence supports a clear racial variation in the position of the infraorbital foramen (IOF). Therefore detailed knowledge of the population specific data on biometric features of (IOF) will facilitate therapeutic, diagnostic and surgical manipulations in the maxillofacial region. The goal of this study was to elucidate the morphological features and precise anatomical position of the (IOF) with reference to surrounding anatomical landmarks in an adult Egyptian population. Materials and methods Fifty-nine adult dry Egyptian skulls (32 males and 27 females) were assessed to determine the number, shape, orientation, vertical and transverse diameters of the IOF, transverse distance from the IOF to the maxillary midline, the zygomaticomaxillary suture and the vertical distance from the IOF to the infraorbital rim and accessory infraorbital foramen using a metal casting digital vernier caliper. The position of the IOF was determined in relation to the maxillary teeth. The findings indicated that the size of the IOF and the mean distances from the IOF to the maxillary midline, infraorbital rim and foramen was significantly larger in males than in females. Results The majority of IOF among the skulls were semilunarshaped in 59.4% in male skulls and 48.1% in female skulls. The majority were directed inferomedially in 88.9% in female skulls and 78.1 % in male skulls. Accessory foramina were found in 21.87% of male skulls and 18.5% of female skulls. All had bilateral double foramina except for one male skull and one female skull. Conclusion The racial and gender differences of the IOF emphasize the need for meticulous preoperative evaluation of the IOF in patients who are candidates for maxillofacial surgeries and regional block anesthesia. How to cite this article Elsheikh E, Nasr WF, Ibrahim AAS. Anatomical Variations of infraorbital Foramen in Dry Human Adult Egyptian Skulls; Anthropometric Measurements and Surgical Relevance. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):125-129.
42
Shivaleela C, Khizer Hussain Afroze M, Ramesh P, and Lakshmiprabha S. "An Osteological Study of Anatomical Variations of Foramen Transversarium of Cervical Vertebrae and its Clinical Implications." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 4 (2021): 8145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.171.
Full textAbstract:
Background: In cervical vertebrae, the costal and transverse elements are connected to each other around the foramen transversarium of the transverse process. The adult cervical vertebrae are characterized by the presence of Foramen Transversarium (FT) in transverse process. These transverse foramina are found to have variations in size, shape and numbers and may be absent, incomplete or duplicate, which may lead to various symptoms. Aim: To study the anatomical variations of cervical vertebrae. Materials and methods: The present observational study was performed on 182 dry human cervical vertebrae of unknown sex and age. Intact cervical vertebrae without any degenerative or traumatic disorders were included in this study. Deformed and damaged vertebrae were excluded from the study Results: Out of these 364 foramen transversarium, 98 (27%) foramen transversarium were of type-I. Type -I was the most common presentation in the present study. Type -II foramen transversarium were seen in 33 (09%) foramen transversarium. Out of 364 foramen transversarium 88 (24%) foramen transversarium were of type-III. Type-IV foramen transversarium were seen in 62 (17%) foramen transversarium. Type-V foramen transversarium were seen on 83 (23%) foramen transversarium. Out of 182 vertebrae 40 (22%) showed complete double foramen transversarium. Incomplete double foramen transversarium were seen in 24 (13%) of vertebrae. One side complete & other side incomplete foramen transversarium were seen in 04 (02%) vertebrae. Conclusion: Knowledge of such variations is important for Physicians, Neurologists Otorhinolaryngologists, radiologists and Orthopedicians. Presence of accessory foramen transversarium especially of incomplete variety, the second part of vertebral artery may be dislodged and prone to get damaged easily during posterior cervical injuries. It helps in radiological imaging, neurological diagnosis and complex surgical procedures in the cervical area. KEY WORDS: Cervical Vertebrae, Foramen transversarium, Accessory Foramen Transversarium.
43
Igarashi, Chinami, Kaoru Kobayashi, Akira Yamamoto, Yasuhiko Morita, and Mamoru Tanaka. "Double mental foramina of the mandible on computed tomography images: a case report." Oral Radiology 20, no. 2 (2004): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11282-004-0012-1.
Full text
44
Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen, Muath Saad Alassaf, Shadia A. Elsayed, et al. "Morphometric Analysis of the Midline Mandibular Lingual Canal and Mandibular Lingual Foramina: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Evaluation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (2022): 16910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416910.
Full textAbstract:
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the midline mandibular lingual canals and foramina and their anatomic variations using CBCT scans. Methods: This study used retrospective analysis. A total of 320 CBCT scans were used to evaluate the study parameters, which comprised the presence or absence of the mandibular lingual foramen (MLF)/mandibular lingual canal (MLC) and its category, the distance between the buccal cortex and the start of the MLC, the distance between the inferior border of the mandible and the superior border of the foramen at its lingual and buccal terminals. The length and diameter of each canal at its lingual and buccal terminals. Results: MLC was found in all included CBCT scans. Out of 320 included CBCT scans, a single canal was represented by 30.9%, double canals (Supra with Infra -spinosum) configuration appeared in 54.7%, and triple canals (Supra-Inter-Infra) represented 14.7%. The supraspinosum canals averaged 5.81 ± 2.08 mm in length and 0.87 ± 0.30 mm in diameter at the lingual terminal. In terms of the number of canals, there was a significant difference between men and women (p ≤ 0.001), with 60% of the men in the sample having double canals and 43.1% of the women having single canals. Moreover, the male gender had a higher prevalence of triple canals (21.3% vs. 8.1%) than females. Males and females were distributed equally among the supraspinosum canals, with no statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.7). A considerable increase in the finding of interspinosum and infraspinosum canals was seen in the male sample (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: midline mandibular canals were found in all investigated CBCTs of the sample of both sexes; however, the anatomy and location of the MLF and canals varied significantly among the Saudi population.
45
Ndiaye M R, Mar N B, Yacouba Garba K, and Ndoye J M N. "Mental foramen of Human Mandible: Morphometric Study." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 4 (2021): 8109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.164.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: The aim of our study was to perform a morphometric analysis of the mental foramen in senegalese context. Material and method: The study was performed on thirty-nine dry mandibles of adult humans. On these mandibles, the number of mental foramen present and their shape were noted on inspection. The situation of the foramen in relation to the lower teeth was studied according to a methodology already described. The following measurements were made: the distance between the foramen and the other landmarks of the mandible (symphysis, basilar border, posterior border), vertical and horizontal diameters. Results: The number of mental foramina were 39 on the right and 40 on the left: one mandible presented a double foramen on the left. The oval shape was predominant. The most frequent situation was below the second premolar on both sides. The mean distance between the foramen and the mandibular symphysis was 25mm on both sides. The distance between the foramen and the basilar border of the mandible was on average 13mm on the right and 14mm on the left. The distance between the foramen and the posterior border of the mandible was on average 72mm on the right and 73mm on the left. The average vertical diameter was 33mm on the right and 32mm on the left, and the average horizontal diameter was 4mm on both sides. Conclusion: Mental foramen is a constant anatomical structure, found on all the mandibles studied. The results can be superimposed on those described in the majority of studies carried out on the mental foramen. Key words: Mental Foramen, Mandible Anatomy, Morphometry.
46
Zdilla, MatthewJ, LeahM Cyrus, and HWayne Lambert. "Carotico-clinoid foramina and a double optic canal: A case report with neurosurgical implications." Surgical Neurology International 6, no. 1 (2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.150456.
Full text
47
Paramita Samanta, Prajna, and Poonam Kharb. "MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MANDIBULAR FORAMEN AND INCIDENCE OF ACCESSORY MANDIBULAR FORAMINA IN ADULT HUMAN MANDIBLES OF AN INDIAN POPULATION. Análisis morfométrico del foramen mandibular e incidencia de la foramina mandibular accesoria en mandíbulas adult." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 5, no. 2 (2016): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v5.n2.14059.
Full textAbstract:
El foramen mandibular es un importante hito anatómico. Para procedimientos como el bloqueo alveolar inferior del nervio, el tratamiento con implantes y osteotomías mandibulares, un profundo conocimiento de la ubicación del foramen mandibular (MF) y el foramen mandibular accesorio (AMF) es un requisito previo. Hay pocas referencias en la literatura con respecto a la localización anatómica exacta del foramen mandibular. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la ubicación exacta de la MF y la incidencia de la AMF alrededor MF en una población india. Sesenta (60) mandíbulas humanas adultas fueron estudiadas para determinar la distancia del LV de la los anteriores, bordes posteriores de la rama mandibular, maxilar inferior categoría y el ángulo de la mandíbula. AMF todo el MF también fueron estudiados por su presencia y números. La distancia media de MF del borde anterior de rama mandibular fue 15,72 ±2,92 mm(lado derecho), 16,23 ±2,88 mm(lado izquierdo), de borde posterior fue 13,29 ±1,74 mm(lado derecho) y 12,73 ±2,04 mm(a la izquierda lado). La MF se encuentra 22,70 ±3 mm(lado derecho) y 22, 27 ± 2,62 mm(lado izquierdo) de la muesca mandibular. La distancia de MF de ángulo de la mandíbula fue 21,54 ±2,92 mm(lado derecho) y 21,13 ±3.43 mm(lado izquierdo). AMF estuvieron presentes en el 16, 66% de las mandíbulas. En 10% de las mandíbulas una sola AMF estaba presente y en el 6,66% hubo dos agujeros presentes. La ubicación del MF y AMF es importante para evitar compli-caciones como hemorragia y parestesia durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos orales y también para los radioterapeutas en la planificación de la radioterapia. The mandibular foramen is an important anatomical land mark. For procedures like inferior alveolar nerve block, implant treatment and mandibular osteotomies, a thorough knowledge of the location of the mandibular foramen (MF) and accessory mandibular foramina (AMFs) is a prerequisite. There are few references in the literature regarding the exact anatomical location of the mandibular foramen. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the precise location of the MF and the incidence of AMFs around MF in an Indian population. Sixty (60) adult human mandibles were studied to determine the distance of the MF from the anterior, posterior borders of the mandibular ramus, mandibular notch and angle of the mandible. AMFs around the MF were also studied for their presence and numbers. The average distance of MF from the anterior border of mandibular ramus was 15.72 ±2.92 mm(right side), 16.23 ±2.88 mm(left side), from posterior border was 13.29 ±1.74 mm(right side) and 12.73 ±2.04 mm(left side).The MF was located 22.70 ±3 mm(right side) and 22.27 ±2.62 mm(left side) from mandibular notch. The distance of MF from angle of mandible was 21.54 ±2.92 mm(right side) and 21.13 ±3.43 mm(left side). AMFs were present in 16.66% of mandibles. In 10% mandibles a single AMF was present and in 6.66 % double foramina were present. Location of MF and AMF is important to avoid complications like hemorrhage and paresthesia during oral surgical procedures and also for radiotherapists in planning radiation therapy.
48
Kacarska, Marina, and Julija Zivadinovic. "Root anatomy and apical canal morphology of maxillary first premolars." Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 64, no. 01 (2018): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2018.64.01.008.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the root anatomy and apical canal morphology of maxillary premolars is a key prerequisite for successful surgical and endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the root anatomy and apical canal morphology of maxillary first premolars. To achieve the set task, 30 maxillary first premolars were extracted. After thorough rinse visual assessment of root anatomy was made. Each root was transversally sectioned six millimeters from apex with a straight hand piece. The apical samples were decalcificated in 7.5% trichloroacetic acid, transversal sections were made, stored in 10% formalin then dyed in hematoxylin and eosin and numerated from I to VI. Apical canal morphology was evaluated with an optical microscope. Majority of maxillary first premolars had double roots (63.0%; n=19) that were mostly separated (50.0%; n=15) containing a single root canal. Minority had double roots that were fused (13.0%; n=4) with two root canals. Single root with almost equal occurrence of two, as well as variable root canal configuration were found in (30.0%; n=9). A very rare occurrence of maxillary first premolars with three roots (7.0%; n=2) was detected, two vestibular and one palatal, each containing a single canal configuration. Accessory lateral canals were detected in 20% of maxillary first premolars. Transversal communications were detected in maxillary premolars with one root and double fused roots (26.6%; n=8). A single apical foramen was detected in majority of maxillary first premolars (50.0%; n=15). Two apical foramina were detected in (33.4%; n=10), three in (10.0%; n=3) and four in (6.6%; n=2) maxillary premolars. Keywords: maxillary first premolar, root anatomy, apical canal morphology, decalcification, optical microscopy
49
Tuncel Çini, Nilgün, Shahed Nalla, Federico Mata-Escolano, et al. "Double Transverse Foramina—An Anatomical Basis for Possible Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency Risk and Vertebral Artery Injury." Diagnostics 13, no. 19 (2023): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193029.
Full textAbstract:
Cervical vertebrae may exhibit the anomalous presence of a double transverse foramen (DTF) that may impact the anatomy of related structures that traverse the cervical region, such as the vertebral artery (VA). This retrospective anatomical study utilized CT angiography cervical scans to examine the prevalence of DTF, VA, and TF areas. The subjects were separated into two groups: normal TF (NTF group; 26 males and 21 females) and double TF (DTF group; 21 males and 24 females). The males presented significantly higher TF area values (30.31 ± 4.52 mm2) than the females (27.48 ± 1.69 mm2) in the NTF group (p = 0.006). The sex differences disappeared when a DTF was present (p = 0.662). There were no differences in the VA area values between the sexes in both the NTF and DTF groups (p = 0.184). No significant differences in the VA area values between males of the NTF and DTF groups (p = 0.485) were noted. The DTF subjects presented an increased VA/TF area ratio than the NTF subjects (p < 0.001). This study showed that DTF presence reduced the TF area. In contrast, the VA area did not change despite the decreasing TF area. This might be an anatomical risk for transient vertebrobasilar insufficiency in subjects with DTF, especially in females, because VA space in the TF is less in DTF subjects than in NTF subjects. This may lead to easy VA compression in DTF subjects following neck trauma.
50
Paraskevas, George K., Maria Tzika, and Konstantinos Natsis. "Double sternal foramina in a dried sternum: a rare normal variant and its radiologic assessment." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 38, no. 8 (2016): 991–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-016-1663-4.
Full text