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Journal articles on the topic 'Double-network gel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Shigetomi, Shutaro, Haruna Takahashi, and Fujio Tsumori. "Magnetic Actuator Using Double Network Gel." Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 33, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.33.193.

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2

Wang, Xiao, and Wei Hong. "Pseudo-elasticity of a double network gel." Soft Matter 7, no. 18 (2011): 8576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05787a.

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3

Chee, Pei Lin, Lakshmi Lakshmanan, Shan Jiang, Hongye Ye, Dan Kai, and Xian Jun Loh. "An Injectable Double-Network Hydrogel for Cell Encapsulation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 4 (2016): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch15659.

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Further developing on the technique originally intended for the purpose of forming tough hydrogels, we showed in this study that the double-network system can also be used to synthesize an injectable gel. The gel was made up of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, sodium alginic acid, and calcium chloride, and two networks, consisting of ionic and covalent networks, were found to co-exist in the gel. Additionally, the rheology studies showed that the mechanical properties of the gel only deteriorated under high strain, demonstrating the robustness of the gel upon injection. The results of a cell cytotoxicity test and a preliminary cell encapsulation study were promising, showing good cell compatibility and thus suggesting that the hydrogels could potentially be used for cell delivery.

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4

Yao, Weiwei, Chengzhen Geng, Di Han, Feng Chen, and Qiang Fu. "Strong and conductive double-network graphene/PVA gel." RSC Adv. 4, no. 74 (August 15, 2014): 39588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02674h.

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5

Wang, Hai-Wang, Tian-Bo Zhao, Guo-Zhong Lu, Shuai Zhang, Ce Miao, Xin-Fang Weia, and Feng-Yan Li. "Novel Micro/nanostructures from a Double Network Gel." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 58, no. 3 (June 2011): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.201190025.

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6

HASHIMOTO, Masaaki, Masashi UEDA, Isamu RIKU, and Koji MIMURA. "Study on High Strengthening of Double Network Gel." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2017.92 (2017): M822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2017.92.m822.

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7

Chen, Jian, Yinyong Ao, Tingrui Lin, Xin Yang, Jing Peng, Wei Huang, Jiuqiang Li, and Maolin Zhai. "High-toughness polyacrylamide gel containing hydrophobic crosslinking and its double network gel." Polymer 87 (March 2016): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.069.

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8

Arafune, Hiroyuki, Fumiya Muto, Toshio Kamijo, Saika Honma, Takashi Morinaga, and Takaya Sato. "Tribological Properties of Double-Network Gels Substituted by Ionic Liquids." Lubricants 6, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants6040089.

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Since human body joints have a gel-like structure with low friction that persists for several decades, hydrogels have attracted much interest for developing low-friction materials. However, such advantages can hardly be realized in industrial usage because water in the gel evaporates easily and the gel deswells. The substitution of water with an ionic liquid (IL) is one of the effective ways to overcome this problem. In this study, we substituted water in a double network (DN) hydrogel with 3-ethyl-1-methyl-imidazolium ethylsulfate (EMI-EtSulf), a hydrophilic IL, via a simple solvent exchange method to obtain a DN ion gel. A compressive test and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the DN ion gel has a high compression fracture stress and improved thermal properties, with the difference in 10% loss of temperature being ΔT10 = 234 °C. A friction test conducted using a reciprocating tribometer showed that the friction of a glass ball/DN ion gel was relatively higher than that of a glass ball/DN hydrogel. Because the minimum coefficient of friction (COF) value increased after substitution, the increase in polymer adhesion caused by the electrostatic shielding of the surface moieties of glass and poly 2-acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid (PAMPS) was considered the main contributor to the high friction. As the COF value decreased with increasing temperature, the DN ion gel can achieve low friction via the restriction of polymer adhesion at high temperatures, which is difficult in the DN hydrogel owing to drying.

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9

Arafune, Hiroyuki, Saika Honma, Takashi Morinaga, Toshio Kamijo, Miki Miura, Hidemitsu Furukawa, and Takaya Sato. "Highly Robust and Low Frictional Double-Network Ion Gel." Advanced Materials Interfaces 4, no. 9 (March 21, 2017): 1700074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201700074.

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10

Li, Jie, Xiuchen Li, Zhaohui Zheng, and Xiaobin Ding. "A dynamic self-regulation actuator combined double network gel with gradient structure driven by chemical oscillating reaction." RSC Advances 9, no. 23 (2019): 13168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra02340b.

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11

Riku, Isamu, and Koji Mimura. "Computational Characterization of Micro-To Macroscopic Deformation Behavior of Double Network Hydrogel." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.193.

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To take advantage of the toughness mechanism of DN gels and explore the possibility for engineering application as the structural member, the information on the mechanical behaviour of DN gels under various loading conditions is indispensable. Therefore, in this paper, we at first constitute a model of DN gel by paralleling a slider element with a nonlinear rubber elasticity spring element based on the nonaffine molecular chain network model, where each element represents the first and the second network of DN gel respectively. The theoretical stress-strain relation of this model shows a strain softening and subsequent strain hardening response, which has been considered as an agent of the propagation of the necking during the simple tension of glassy polymer. Continuously, based on this model, we propose a constitutive equation for DN gel and a three-dimensional simple tension simulation is performed. The computational results show that the propagation of the necking together with the macroscopic mechanical response of DN gel can be reproduced by the proposed model very well.

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12

Wang, Jilong, Junhua Wei, and Jingjing Qiu. "Facile Synthesis of Tough Double Network Hydrogel." MRS Advances 1, no. 27 (2016): 1953–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.127.

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ABSTRACTIn this paper, a facile and novel method was developed to fabricate high toughness and stiffness double network hydrogels made of ionical-linked natural hydrogel and synthetic hydrogel. The synthetic hydrogel network is formed firstly, and then the gel is soaked in the ionic solution to build second network to form double network hydrogel with high toughness and stiffness. Two different natural polymers, alginate and chitosan, are employed to build rigid and brittle network and poly(acrylamide) is used as soft network in double network hydrogel. The compressive strength of Calcium alginate/poly(acrylamide) double network hydrogels is increased twice than that of poly(acrylamide) single network hydrogels, and the Ca2+ ionically cross-linked alginate is the key to improve the compressive property of double network hydrogels as a sacrificial bond. However, the chitosan/poly(acrylamide) double network hydrogels exhibit no enhancement of compressive strength comparing to poly(acrylamide) single network hydrogels.

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13

Kitamura, Nobuto, Kazunori Yasuda, Munehiro Ogawa, Kazunobu Arakaki, Shuken Kai, Shin Onodera, Takayuki Kurokawa, and Jian Ping Gong. "Induction of Spontaneous Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration Using a Double-Network Gel." American Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 6 (April 2011): 1160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546511399383.

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14

He, Qiguang, Zhijian Wang, Yumin Yan, Jianlin Zheng, and Shengqiang Cai. "Polymer nanofiber reinforced double network gel composite: Strong, tough and transparent." Extreme Mechanics Letters 9 (December 2016): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2016.06.004.

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15

Zhang, Yulin, Mingwei Song, Yongfu Diao, Binwei Li, Linying Shi, and Rong Ran. "Preparation and properties of polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol physical double network hydrogel." RSC Advances 6, no. 113 (2016): 112468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24006b.

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A novel physical double network hydrogel (PDN gel) composed of physically cross-linked PVA and hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide (HAPAM) has been successfully prepared by one-pot in situ polymerization and subsequent freeze–thaw cycling.

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16

Nonoyama, Takayuki, and Jian Ping Gong. "Tough Double Network Hydrogel and Its Biomedical Applications." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 12, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101220-080338.

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Soft and wet hydrogels have many similarities to biological tissues, though their mechanical fragility had been one of the biggest obstacles in biomedical applications. Studies and developments in double network (DN) hydrogels have elucidated how to create tough gels universally based on sacrificial bond principles and opened a path for biomedical application of hydrogels in regenerative medicine and artificial soft connective tissues, such as cartilage, tendon, and ligament, which endure high tension and compression. This review explores a universal toughening mechanism for and biomedical studies of DN hydrogels. Moreover, because the term sacrificial bonds has been mentioned often in studies of bone tissues, consisting of biomacromolecules and biominerals, recent studies of gel–biomineral composites to understand early-stage osteogenesis and to simulate bony sacrificial bonds are also summarized.

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17

Xiang, Shuangfei, Wangqiu Qian, Ting Li, Yang Wang, Mingqing Chen, Piming Ma, and Weifu Dong. "Hierarchical structural double network hydrogel with high strength, toughness, and good recoverability." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 23 (2017): 14397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj03263c.

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18

Ranjbaran, Fatemeh, Eiji Kamio, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Toluene vapor removal using an inorganic/organic double-network ion gel membrane." Separation Science and Technology 53, no. 17 (June 22, 2018): 2840–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2018.1476545.

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19

Shodmanov, J. A., and A. S. Boymirzaev. "COMPRESSIBLE AND BENDABLE HIGHLY FLEXIBLE DOUBLE NETWORK GEL POLYMER ELECTROLYTES FOR SUPERCAPASITORS." Theoretical & Applied Science 99, no. 07 (July 30, 2021): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2021.07.99.28.

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20

Kanda, Koki, and Koshi Adachi. "Running-in of a Double Network Gel for Low Friction in Water." Tribology Online 16, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2474/trol.16.170.

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21

Watanabe, Takaichi, Ruri Takahashi, and Tsutomu Ono. "Preparation of tough, thermally stable, and water-resistant double-network ion gels consisting of silica nanoparticles/poly(ionic liquid)s through photopolymerisation of an ionic monomer and subsequent solvent removal." Soft Matter 16, no. 6 (2020): 1572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02213a.

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22

Zhang, Jinhui, Eiji Kamio, Atsushi Matsuoka, Keizo Nakagawa, Tomohisa Yoshioka, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Development of a Micro-Double-Network Ion Gel-Based CO2 Separation Membrane from Nonvolatile Network Precursors." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 60, no. 34 (August 20, 2021): 12640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01529.

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23

MAEDA, Eijiro, Takehiro TSUTSUMI, Takayuki KUROKAWA, Nobuto KITAMURA, Jian Ping GONG, Kazunori YASUDA, and Toshiro OHASHI. "2S05 Mechanism of chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells cultured on double-network gel." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2013.25 (2013): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2013.25.221.

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24

NARUSE, Ryo, Masaaki HASHIMOTO, Isamu RIKU, and Kouji MIMURA. "303 Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Behavior of Double Network Gel with Damage Model." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2015.90 (2015): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2015.90.65.

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25

NAGAHASHI, Fumiya, and Hiroyuki FUJIKI. "113 In Vitro Evaluation aof Friction and Wear Characteristics of Double Network Gel." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2012.51 (2012): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2012.51.25.

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26

Moghadam, Farhad, Eiji Kamio, Ayumi Yoshizumi, and Hideto Matsuyama. "An amino acid ionic liquid-based tough ion gel membrane for CO2 capture." Chemical Communications 51, no. 71 (2015): 13658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc04841a.

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27

Yoshida, Kazunari, Hikaru Yahagi, Masato Wada, Toshiki Kameyama, Masaru Kawakami, Hidemitsu Furukawa, and Koshi Adachi. "Enormously Low Frictional Surface on Tough Hydrogels Simply Created by Laser-Cutting Process." Technologies 6, no. 3 (August 24, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies6030082.

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We measured the friction forces and calculated the friction coefficients of non-processed and laser-processed surfaces of a double network hydrogel (DN gel), which is one of the more famous high-strength gels. The results indicate that laser processing has the ability to reduce the friction coefficients of the gel surfaces. The observation of gel surfaces suggests that the cause of friction reduction is a change in the roughness of the gel surfaces due to laser processing. This finding is expected to lead us to further understanding of the physicochemical properties of hydrogels.

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28

Adrus, Nadia, Nur Farizah Ayub, Nurul Atika Mohd Amer, and Jamarosliza Jamaluddin. "Mechanical Properties of the ‘Stretchable’ Polyacrylamide-Gelatin Double Network Hydrogel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.328.

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Double network (DN) hydrogels have drawn considerable attention as innovative materials possessing both high water content as well as improved mechanical properties. In this study, DN hydrogels were formed from a combination of two hydrogel networks. The first network composed of acrylamide (AAm) andN’,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm). AAm and MBAAm were covalently crosslinked via photopolymerization simultaneously with/without the presence of the second network pre-gel mixture; physically crosslinked gelatin-calcium carbonate (GCa). The mechanical properties characterization of the hydrogels revealed that tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break increased with the increasing amount of second network component; i.e. GCa. These data could confirmed that the polyacrylamide (PAAm)-GCa DN hydrogels possessed ‘stretchability’ character. Overall, PAAm-GCa DN hydrogels had shown better mechanical strength than the PAAm single network hydrogels. We foreseen that DN hydrogels are highly potential to be developed as artificial muscles.

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29

Li, Kai, Pingdong Wei, Junchao Huang, Duoduo Xu, Yi Zhong, Lei Hu, Lina Zhang, and Jie Cai. "Mechanically Strong Shape-Memory and Solvent-Resistant Double-Network Polyurethane/Nanoporous Cellulose Gel Nanocomposites." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, no. 19 (September 6, 2019): 15974–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02341.

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30

TSUCHIYA, Hitoshi, Eijiro MAEDA, Takayuki KUROKAWA, Jian Ping GONG, Nobuto KITAMURA, Kazunori YASUDA, and Toshiro OHASHI. "2F13 Effects of double-network gel component PAMPS on chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5 cells." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2014.26 (2014): 481–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2014.26.481.

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31

Fichman, Galit, and Joel P. Schneider. "Dopamine Self-Polymerization as a Simple and Powerful Tool to Modulate the Viscoelastic Mechanical Properties of Peptide-Based Gels." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051363.

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Dopamine is a small versatile molecule used for various biotechnological and biomedical applications. This neurotransmitter, in addition to its biological role, can undergo oxidative self-polymerization to yield polydopamine, a robust universal coating material. Herein, we harness dopamine self-polymerization to modulate the viscoelastic mechanical properties of peptide-based gels, expanding their ever-growing application potential. By combining rapid peptide assembly with slower dopamine auto-polymerization, a double network gel is formed, where the fibrillar peptide gel network serves as a scaffold for polydopamine deposition, allowing polydopamine to interpenetrate the gel network as well as establishing crosslinks within the matrix. We have shown that triggering the assembly of a lysine-rich peptide gelator in the presence of dopamine can increase the mechanical rigidity of the resultant gel by a factor of 90 in some cases, while retaining the gel’s shear thin-recovery behavior. We further investigate how factors such as polymerization time, dopamine concentration and peptide concentration alter the mechanical properties of the resultant gel. The hybrid peptide–dopamine gel systems were characterized using rheological measurements, circular dichroism spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Overall, triggering peptide gelation in the presence of dopamine represents a simple yet powerful approach to modulate the viscoelastic mechanical properties of peptide-based gels.

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32

NARUSE, Ryo, Masatoshi TAKIZAWA, Isamu RIKU, and Koji MIMURA. "PS05 Numerical Simulation of the Tensional Deformation Behavior of Double Network Gel with Damage Model." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2013 (2013): _PS05–1_—_PS05–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2013._ps05-1_.

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33

HANADA, Ikuhisa, Tomoko HIRAYAMA, Takashi MATSUOKA, Hidemitsu FURUKAWA, and Jin GONG. "S114034 Effect of Contact Area and Contact Pressure on Tribological Characteristics of Double Network Gel." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2013 (2013): _S114034–1—_S114034–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._s114034-1.

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34

Arakaki, Kazunobu, Nobuto Kitamura, Takayuki Kurokawa, Shin Onodera, Fuminori Kanaya, Jian-Ping Gong, and Kazunori Yasuda. "Joint immobilization inhibits spontaneous hyaline cartilage regeneration induced by a novel double-network gel implantation." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 22, no. 2 (December 23, 2010): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-010-4216-0.

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35

Li, Xiang, Kateryna Khairulina, Ung-il Chung, and Takamasa Sakai. "Investigation of migration behavior of rod-like dsDNA in gel with precisely controlled network structure." MRS Proceedings 1622 (2014): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.214.

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ABSTRACTWe investigated the migration behavior of rodlike double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in polymer gels and polymer solutions. Tetra-PEG gel, which has a homogeneous network structure, was utilized as a model system, allowing us to systematically tune the polymer volume fraction and molecular weight of network strand. Although we examined the applicability of the existing models, all the models failed to predict the migration behavior. Thus, we proposed a new model based on the Ogston model, which well explained the experimental data of polymer solutions and gels. The polymer volume fraction determined the maximum mobility, while the network strand governed the size sieving effect. From these results, we conclude that the polymer network with lower polymer volume fraction and smaller network strand is better in terms of size separation. The homogeneous polymer network is vital for understanding of particles’ dynamics in polymer network and a promising material for high-performance size separation.

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36

Li, Feng, Zhuangzhuang Wang, Weiqi Liu, Tao Yan, Chuanxin Zhai, Ping Wu, and Yiming Zhou. "Double-Network Gel-Enabled Uniform Incorporation of Metallic Matrices with Silicon Anodes Realizing Enhanced Lithium Storage." ACS Applied Energy Materials 2, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 2268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b00069.

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37

Matsuda, Takahiro, Runa Kawakami, Tasuku Nakajima, and Jian Ping Gong. "Crack Tip Field of a Double-Network Gel: Visualization of Covalent Bond Scission through Mechanoradical Polymerization." Macromolecules 53, no. 20 (September 25, 2020): 8787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01485.

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38

Kamio, Eiji, Masayuki Minakata, Yu Iida, Tomoki Yasui, Atsushi Matsuoka, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Inorganic/organic double-network ion gel membrane with a high ionic liquid content for CO2 separation." Polymer Journal 53, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41428-020-0393-y.

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39

Yasui, Tomoki, Eiji Kamio, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Tough and stretchable inorganic/organic double network ion gel containing gemini-type ionic liquid as a multiple hydrogen bond cross-linker." RSC Advances 9, no. 21 (2019): 11870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01790a.

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40

Rezler, Ryszard. "Rheological Analysis of the Structuralisation Kinetics of Starch Gels." Molecules 26, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 3826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133826.

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Using the method of dynamic–mechanical analysis, the structuralisation kinetics of condensed starch solutions, cooled down to the temperature of 20 °C, was investigated. A close correlation of spatial crosslinking with local processes of macromolecule associations was discovered. It was found that depending on the concentration intervals of starch solutions, equilibrium nodes of the spatial network assume the form of either single or double hexagonal structures made up of bispiral chain associates. The increase of gel crosslinking, together with the passage of time, is the result of increasing the node functionality of the spatial network.

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41

Niu, Yuhua, Xingxing Han, Jie Song, and Liangxian Huang. "Removal of methylene blue and lead(ii) via PVA/SA double-cross-linked network gel beads loaded with Fe3O4@KHA nanoparticles." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 12 (2021): 5605–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj00006c.

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42

Hu, Xiaoyi, Lidan Fan, Gang Qin, Zhongshuo Shen, Juan Chen, Mengxiao Wang, Jia Yang, and Qiang Chen. "Flexible and low temperature resistant double network alkaline gel polymer electrolyte with dual-role KOH for supercapacitor." Journal of Power Sources 414 (February 2019): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.01.006.

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43

Wu, Haiping, Yue Cao, Haiping Su, and Chao Wang. "Tough Gel Electrolyte Using Double Polymer Network Design for the Safe, Stable Cycling of Lithium Metal Anode." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 5 (January 5, 2018): 1361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201709774.

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44

Wu, Haiping, Yue Cao, Haiping Su, and Chao Wang. "Tough Gel Electrolyte Using Double Polymer Network Design for the Safe, Stable Cycling of Lithium Metal Anode." Angewandte Chemie 130, no. 5 (January 5, 2018): 1375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201709774.

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45

He, Rujie, Rubing Zhang, Xiaolei Zhu, Kai Wei, Zhaoliang Qu, Yongmao Pei, and Daining Fang. "Improved Green Strength and Green Machinability of ZrB2 -SiC Through Gelcasting Based on a Double Gel Network." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 97, no. 8 (July 16, 2014): 2401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.13076.

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46

Liang, Songmiao, Linshu Liu, Qingrong Huang, and Kit L. Yam. "Preparation of single or double-network chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) gel films through selectively cross-linking method." Carbohydrate Polymers 77, no. 4 (July 19, 2009): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.02.007.

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47

Zhang, Jinhui, Eiji Kamio, Masayuki Kinoshita, Atsushi Matsuoka, Keizo Nakagawa, Tomohisa Yoshioka, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Inorganic/Organic Micro-Double-Network Ion Gel-Based Composite Membrane with Enhanced Mechanical Strength and CO2 Permeance." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 60, no. 34 (August 20, 2021): 12698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02228.

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48

Sun, Manxi, Jianhui Qiu, Chunyin Lu, Shuping Jin, Guohong Zhang, and Eiichi Sakai. "Multi-Sacrificial Bonds Enhanced Double Network Hydrogel with High Toughness, Resilience, Damping, and Notch-Insensitivity." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102263.

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The engineering applications of hydrogels are generally limited by the common problem of their softness and brittlness. In this study, a composite double network ionic hydrogel (CDN-gel) was obtained by the facile visible light triggered polymerization of acrylic acid (AA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and hydrolyzed triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVS) and subsequent salt impregnation. The resulting CDN-gels exhibited high toughness, recovery ability, and notch-insensitivity. The tensile strength, fracture elongation, Young’s modulus, and toughness of the CDN-gels reached up to ~21 MPa, ~700%, ~3.5 MPa, and ~48 M/m3, respectively. The residual strain at a strain of 200% was only ~25% after stretch-release of 1000 cycles. These properties will enable greater application of these hydrogel materials, especially for the fatigue resistance of tough hydrogels, as well as broaden their applications in damping.

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49

Dušek, Karel. "Special Features of Network Formation by Chain Crosslinking Copolymerization." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 10 (1993): 2245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932245.

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Special features of free-radical crosslinking copolymerization and the structure of the resulting products have been reviewed. Characteristic is the effect of spatial correlations on the apparent reactivity of pendant double bonds. These correlation make the apparent reactivity in the course of copolymerization to increase (cyclization) and decrease (steric hindrances). At intermediate and higher concentrations of the crosslinker, compact structures are formed which are internally crosslinked. Only pendant double bonds in the peripheral layer are able to take part in polymerization reactions whereas the internal ones cannot react. The state of theoretical simulations of this structure growth is discussed with a special emphasis on the development of the kinetic (coagulation) network formation theories so that the above mentioned features may be taken into account. Also, the important role of the presence of a diluent during polymerization id discussed. It can result in a change of network chain conformations necessary for networks exhibiting volume phase transitions. Alternatively, it can induce liquid-gel phase separations resulting in inhomogeneous networks having a variety of morphologies.

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Gou, Jingren, Wangyu Liu, and Aimin Tang. "To improve the interfacial compatibility of cellulose-based gel polymer electrolytes: A cellulose/PEGDA double network-based gel membrane designed for lithium ion batteries." Applied Surface Science 568 (December 2021): 150963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150963.

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