Journal articles: 'Double Ovsynch'

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Jeong, Jaekwan, Uihyung Kim, and Illhwa Kim. "Effect of resynchronization programs according to the ovarian status on pregnancy outcomes in dairy cows." Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 63, no. 2 (2023): e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.20230011.

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This study evaluated the effect of resynchronization programs on pregnancies in dairy cows. Of 1,342 cows confirmed not pregnant after their first artificial insemination (AI), those with a corpus luteum (CL) were resynchronized using Ovsynch or PG-GnRH-Ovsynch and those without a CL were resynchronized using GnRH-Ovsynch or modified Double-Ovsynch. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in the pregnancies per AI either between the Ovsynch (31.3%) and PG-GnRH-Ovsynch (34.0%) or between the GnRH-Ovsynch (38.7%) and modified Double-Ovsynch (39.5%). In conclusion, Ovsynch and GnRH-Ovsynch programs could be preferred to resynchronize cows with and without a CL, respectively, from the perspective of reducing costs and labor.

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Naglis, G. "PREVALENCE, DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF OVARIAN FOLLICULAR CYSTS IN DAIRY COWS." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, no. 4 (2019): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.04.010.

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Ovarian cysts are among the primary causes for poor reproduction efficiency and economic losses in dairy cattle farming. Material and metods: The studies were performed in 2015-2017 in three dairy cattle farms.In the experiment, 79 cows with follicular ovarian cysts were divided randomly into 3 groups. To the first group (n=33), a standard double Ovsynch was applied with 0.01 mg GnRH (Veterelin, Laboratorios Calier, Spain) on day 0, 150 µg PGF2α (D – Cloprosstenolsodium, Indupart, Vetpharma Animal Health, Spain) on day 7, 0.01 mg GnRH (Veterelin, Laboratorios Calier, Spain) on day 10, and after 7 days, Ovsynch (GnRH-PGF-GnRH). The cows from the second group (n=28) were submitted to double Ovsynch and additional progesterone treatment through placement of Controlled Internal Drug Release device (EAZI BREED CIDR Cattle insert, 1.38 g progesterone; Pfizer Animal Health, USA) for 7 days between the first GnRH at day 0 and prostaglandin on day 7. The control group comprised 18 untreated cows. Results: First-service conception rate in cows treated by double Ovsynch and vaginal inserts was higher 28.6% compared to that in standard double Ovsynch: 24.2%. Cumulative pregnancy percentage after applied treatments was 60.7% in double Ovsynch plus progesterone and 54.5% in standard double Ovsynch.

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Moskáľová, L., and J. Pošivák. "Synchronization of Ovulation and Timed Insemination in Lactating Dairy Cattle." Folia Veterinaria 67, no. 1 (2023): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0010.

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Abstract Successful reproduction of lactating dairy cattle, or in other words its reproductive performance is a limiting factor in the profit ratio of cattle breeding regarding market production. The aim of this research was to evaluate the success rate of synchronization protocols Ovsynch, Presynch/Ovsynch, and Double Ovsynch within the period of 24 months. The success rate of the 1st insemination, 2nd insemination, and after more than 2 inseminations was evaluated. The cattle were of Holstein Friesian breed with a milk yield of 10 200 kg. The animals were sorted into two categories – heifers (protocol Ovsynch) and primiparous, multiparous cows (protocols Presynch/Double Ovsynch). The research proved a 54 % success rate in the category of heifers after the 1st insemination. In the category of primiparous and multiparous cows was the success rate of 41 % after the 1st insemination, 39 % after the 2nd insemination, and 52 % after more than 2 inseminations for the Presynch/Ovsynch protocol. The success rate for Double Ovsynch protocol was 45 % after the 1st insemination, 42 % after the 2nd insemination and 51 % after more than 2 inseminations. The results for the given geographic region of Slovakia exceeded the average.

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Stangaferro, M. L., M. J. Thomas, R. Couto Serrenho, and J. Moncada Torres. "Effect of increasing GnRH dose during Double- Ovsynch on fertility of lactating dairy cows." American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings, no. 55 (July 17, 2023): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/aabppro20228686.

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The rate of ovulation to the first GnRH treatment of Ovsynch-type protocols is key to achieve excellent fertility. In cows synchronized with the Double-Ovsynch protocol (DO), only around half of the cows ovulate to the third GnRH injection (first GnRH of the Breeding-Ovsynch portion of Double-Ovsynch). Increasing the dose of GnRH at this time has been proven to improve ovulatory response, reaching up to 67% of ovulation rate. Our objective was to determine whether increasing the dose of the third GnRH of DO could improve the reproductive outcomes at first service.

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Shahzad, Muhammad, and Rehana Kausar. "Comparative efficacy of three synchronization protocols in anestrous goats (Capra hircus)." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 10, no. 2 (2022): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v10i2.996.

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The goal of this experiment was to compare the effectiveness of three popular synchronization protocols, viz. ovsynch, double prostaglandin (PGF2? /PG) injections, and MAP (Medroxyprogesterone acetate) sponges, in anestrous goats. Twenty one non pregnant multiparous anestrous goats with an average body condition score (BCS = 2.5) were selected. After the last PG injection, all the goats were exposed to three fertile bucks. They were observed to be in standing estrus. For further confirmation of copulation, a vaginal cytology test was performed for the presence of sperm inside the vaginal smear. Serum estradiol (E2) peaks were also estimated by using radioimmunoassay in estrus goats. MAP sponge efficiency with respect to estrus induction was found to be superior (57%) as compared to the rest (Ovsynch14 and PG 0%) (p< 0.05). Post PG standing estrus time in ovsynch and MAP groups was recorded as 48 h and 44 ± 12 h, respectively. The double PG group totally failed to show standing estrus. E2 peak levels ranging from 11-38 pg/ml in ovsynch and 10–25 pg/ml in the MAP group were observed in estrus goats. This study found the MAP sponge protocol most efficient for inducing estrus in anestrous goats.

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Mohamed, Ragab H., Mohamed Hossam, Axel Wehrend, and Hassan A. Hussein. "Ovarian response and conception rate following oestrus synchronization using three protocols in Egyptian buffalo heifers." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 44, no. 05 (2016): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15653/tpg-160214.

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SummaryObjective: The aim of this study was to monitor the ovarian response and conception rate following estrous synchronization using CIDR, Ovsynch and double prostaglandin F2α protocols in Egyptian buffalo heifers. Material and methods: A total of 80 cyclic buffalo heifers were divided into four equal groups: CIDR (intravaginal progesterone releasing device, EAZI-BREEDTM CIDR®), Ovsynch (GnRH, PGF2α, GnRH injections), PGF (double PGF2α doses) and control. Timed artificial insemination (TAI) was performed in all heifers. All animals were exa - mined using ultrasound and blood samples were collected for measurement of progesterone. Results: A new follicular wave occurred earlier in the Ovsynch and PGF groups than in the CIDR group (p < 0.05). The mean diameter of the ovulatory follicle was smaller in the CIDR group than in the Ovsynch and PGF groups (p < 0.05). The ovulation rate was 100% in the CIDR group, 75% in the Ovsynch group and 70% in the PGF group. In the control group a lower pregnancy rate (20%) was determined in than in the CIDR (35%), Ovsynch (40%) and PGF (35%) groups. Progesterone concentrations were numerically higher in pregnant heifers of the CIDR group but the difference was non-significantly compared to the Ovsynch, PGF and control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance: EAZIBREEDTM CIDR®, Ovsynch-based TAI and PGF protocols were effective in synchronizing oestrus and resulted in nearly similar pregnancy rates in Egyptian buffalo heifers.

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Chandra, Prasad B. "Enhancement of ovarian activity using certain synchronization protocols in postpartum graded murrah buffaloes." Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction 41, no. 1 (2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijar.

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This study was aimed to observe the effect of various synchronization protocols viz. Double PGF2α, Presynch-Ovsynch, Ovsynch and CIDR-Ovsynch on fertility in postpartum sub-estrus and true anestrous graded Murrah buffaloes under farm and field conditions and during breeding and low breeding seasons. Experimental period comprised from September 2017 to August 2019 (includes breeding and low breeding season)._Presynch_and Ovsynch protocol improved the conception and pregnancy rate in sub-estrus and true anestrus buffaloes during breeding and low breeding seasons under farm and field conditions.

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Bottino, M. P., L. A. C. L. DaSilva, L. M. S. Simoes, et al. "13 Pre-synchronization by Induction of a Dominant Follicle Using a Progesterone Device in a GnRH-Based-Ovulation Synchronization Protocol in Lactating Dairy Cows." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab13.

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The objective was to compare a pre-synchronization protocol by induction of a dominant follicle using a progesterone intravaginal device before an Ovsynch protocol (Presynch) with Double-Ovsynch in lactating dairy cows. Lactating Bos indicus × Bos taurus crossbred cows (n = 440) were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatments (all IM injections): (1) Double-Ov (n = 228): GnRH (Day –17), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) 7 days later (Day –10) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 3 days later (Day –7) followed by an Ovsynch protocol 7 days later (GnRH on Day 0, PGF2α on Day 7, GnRH on Day 9); (2) Presynch (n = 212): insertion of a sustained release progesterone intravaginal device (Day –10), 10 days later (Day 0), an Ovsynch protocol was initiated with progesterone device withdrawal on Day 7. All cows were artificially inseminated 15 to 20 h after the second GnRH injection of the Ovsynch protocol and were pregnancy checked by ultrasonography 30 and 60 days later. On a subsample (n = 102), ultrasonography was performed on Days 0, 7, 9, and 24 of the experimental period. On another subsample (n = 42), blood samples for progesterone analysis were taken on Days 0, 7, and 24. There were no differences between pre-synchronization methods on synchronization parameters [presence of a follicle >12 mm on D0, Double-Ov 94.2% (49/52) and Presynch 92.0% (46/50); P = 0.66], follicular diameter on the 1st GnRH (Double-Ov 17.2 ± 0.7 mm and Presynch 18.6 ± 0.9 mm; P = 0.28), ovulation rate to the 1st GnRH [Double-Ov 86.3% (44/51) and Presynch 81.2% (39/48); P = 0.50], synchronization rate [Double-Ov 84.6% (44/52) and Presynch 86.0% (43/50); P = 0.84], follicular diameter on the 2nd GnRH (Double-Ov 17.5 ± 0.6 mm and Presynch 18.0 ± 0.5 mm; P = 0.48), ovulation rate to the 2nd GnRH [Double-Ov 90.9% (40/44) and Presynch 86.0% (37/43); P = 0.48] and CL diameter on Day 24 (Double-Ov 27.9 ± 0.7 mm and Presynch 29.4 ± 0.9 mm; P = 0.19). Corpus luteum presence on Day 0 was different (P = 0.03) between treatments [Double-Ov 57.7% (30/52) and Presynch 36.0% (18/50)]. Moreover, there was no difference (P = 0.85) between pregnancy rates on Day 30 [Double-Ov 39.0% (89/228) and Presynch 40.1% (85/212)] or Day 60 after AI [Double-Ov 34.8% (79/227) and Presynch 38.7% (82/212); P = 0.41] and gestational loss between 30 and 60 days after AI [Double-Ov 7.9% (7/88) and Presynch 3.5% (3/85); P = 0.13]. Proportion of cows with P4 <1 ng mL−1 on Day 0 was similar between treatments [Double-Ov 13.6% (3/22) v. Presynch 5.0% (1/20); P = 0.37]. Likewise, the proportion of cows with P4 >1 ng mL−1 on Day 7 [Double-Ov 77.3% (17/22) v. Presynch 95.0% (19/20); P = 0.14] and P4 concentration on Day 24 (Double-Ov 4.7 ± 0.6 v. P4-Ov 5.9 ± 0.9; P = 0.84) were similar between treatments. In conclusion, pre-synchronization by induction of follicular persistence using a sustained-release progesterone device before Ovsynch yielded similar results to the Double-Ovsynch protocol on follicular development and regression patterns and on the fertility of lactating dairy cows.

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Dirandeh, Essa, Reza Masoumi, Masood Didarkhah, Farhad Samadian, Navid Dadashpour Davachi, and Marcos Colazo. "Effect of presynchronization prior to Ovsynch on ovulatory response to first GnRH, ovulatory follicle diameter and pregnancy per AI in multiparous Holstein cows during summer in Iran." Annals of Animal Science 18, no. 3 (2018): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2018-0011.

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AbstractThe aim was to evaluate the effect of presynchronization with GnRH and PGF2α prior to Ovsynch on ovulatory response to first GnRH, diameter of largest follicle at TAI and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in multiparous dairy cows during summer. Cows (n=1069) were randomly assigned to one of three timed-AI (TAI) protocols. The TAI protocols were: 1) Ovsynch (O; n=425), GnRH- 7d-PGF2α-56h-GnRH-16h-TAI), 2) double-Ovsynch (DO; n=302), GnRH-7d-PGF2α-3d-GnRH and Ovsynch was initiated 7 days later, and 3) G7G-Ovsynch (G7G; n=342), PGF2α-2d-GnRH and Ovsynch was initiated 7 days later. Ovarian examinations were performed by transrectal ultrasonography during Ovsynch to determine ovulatory response to first GnRH and diameter of largest follicle at TAI. Presynchronization increased ovulatory response after first GnRH of Ovsynch (P=0.001), which was greater in DO (74.0%) and G7G (76.0%) groups compared to O group (50.0%). Means (±SEM) diameter (mm) of largest follicle at TAI was smaller in cows presynchronized before Ovsynch (DO and G7G, overall 15.7±0.3) compared to that in cows subjected to a standard Ovsynch without presynchronization (18.5±0.42). P/AI at 32 d after Al was greater (P=0.001) in G7G (32.7%) and DO (31.1%) groups compared to Ovsynch (19.7%) group. Presynchronization prior to Ovsynch also affected P/AI at 60 and 150 d after AI (P<0.05). In conclusion, DO and G7G protocols resulted in greater ovulatory response to first GnRH, smaller ovulatory follicles and greater P/AI compared to a standard Ovsynch protocol. Therefore, TAI protocols that include a presynchronization with GnRH and PGF2α prior to Ovsynch should be used in multiparous cows during summer to achieve acceptable reproductive performance.

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Kohsari, Hesam, Khatereh Berenjian, and Sohrab Heydarian. "Reproductive performance improvement following the implementation of a modified Double-Ovsynch protocol compared to G6G in lactating Holstein cows." Veterinarski arhiv 94, no. 5 (2024): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.1564.

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This study evaluated a new presynchronization method, the combination of Presynch and Ovsynch, prior to the implementation of the Ovsynch-fixed timed artificial insemination (OVS+FTAI) protocol, as modified by Double-Ovsynch (MDO) compared to the G6G protocol. Lactating Holstein cows in G6G (n=250) and MDO (n=270) treatment groups received the following treatments, respectively: PGF2α-2d-GnRH(pre-GnRH1)-6d-OVS+FTAI (GnRH(GnRH1)-7d-PGF2α(PG)-2d-GnRH(GnRH2)-18h-FTAI) and PGF2α-7d-GnRH-7d-PGF2α-3d-GnRH(pre-GnRH1)-7d-OVS+FTAI. On average, the days in milk (DIM) of cows at the time of GnRH1 injection was 75±0.08 (mean±SEM). Pregnancy was diagnosed 32-38 days after timed AI by ultrasonographic examination. Modified Double-Ovsynch increased the pregnancies per AI (P/AI) compared to the G6G protocol (P=0.01). For all cows (n=520), the pregnancy rate was higher in cows that had preovulatory follicles ≥16 mm in diameter at the time of GnRH2 injection, compared to the cows that had preovulatory follicles <16 mm in diameter at the same time (P=0.03). Modified Double-Ovsynch increased the mean (±SEM) serum concentration of progesterone (P4, ng/ml) at PG compared to the G6G protocol (P<0.01). Therefore, MDO increased the pregnancy rate of cows at the first postpartum insemination compared to the G6G protocol, due to the induction of ovulation in noncyclic cows, improvement of synchronization in ovarian events, improvement of the quality of the ovulatory follicles and oocytes, and provision of an appropriate intrauterine environment for embryonic development and survival.

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Dhami, A. J., JH Chauhan, KK Hadiya, and SP Madhira. "Influence of Different Treatment Protocols on Blood Biochemical Profile and Fertility in Crossbred Cows with Cystic Ovarian Degeneration." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, no. 03 (2020): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.3.10.

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The present study was conducted under field conditions on >90 days postpartum HF crossbred cows with cystic ovaries (n=58). The diagnosis was confirmed by history and trans-rectal palpation and ultrasonographic examinations twice at weekly interval using linear array transducer with 5.0-7.5 MHz frequency. The animals with follicular cysts were randomly treated either with conventional Ovsynch or with Ovsynch + CIDR protocol (n=10 each), and those having luteal cysts were treated either with Double PG injections 11 days apart or with modified Ovsynch protocol (n=16 each) with fixed time AI. A group of six cows having ovarian cyst was kept as untreated Control. Estrus response and conception rates at induced estrus/ fixed time AI were recorded. Blood samples were collected simultaneous to hormonal treatments on four occasions, i.e., on day 0 (day of first treatment), on day 7/11/14 (day of last PGF2α inj.), on day of induced estrus/FTAI, and on day 12 post-AI. The estrus induction response noted within 48 to 96 hrs of last PG injection among cystic cows treated with Ovsynch, Ovsynch + CIDR, Modified Ovsynch and Double PG protocols was 90.00, 100.00, 87.50 and 81.25 %, respectively. The conception rates at induced estrus with FTAI in cows under these protocols were 50.00, 40.00, 50.00 and 43.75 %, respectively. The variations in blood glucose, plasma cortisol, total protein and creatinine concentrations between periods of treatment were, however, statistically non-significant in cows under all four protocols, except creatinine in Ovsynch protocol. Furthermore, the effect of treatment/ period was also statistically non-significant among conceived and non-conceived cows in all four treatment protocols, except blood glucose which was significantly higher in non-conceived cows.

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Karakaya-Bilen, Ebru, Gulnaz Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu, Abdulkadir Keskin, et al. "Fertility of lactating dairy cows inseminated with sex-sorted or conventional semen after Ovsynch, Presynch-Ovsynch and Double-Ovsynch protocols." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 54, no. 2 (2018): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rda.13363.

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Kandhikonda, Sravika, Anil Kumar Reddy Kanduri, Venkata Ramana Kudikilla, et al. "Effect of Different Synchronisation Protocols on Embryo Transfer in Sahiwal Cows." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 46, no. 1 (2025): 60–65. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2025/v46i14742.

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The present study was conducted to compare CIDR + Ovsynch, Double PG protocol’s synchronisation effect on recipient cows after IVF-ET (Invitro Fertilization - Embryo Transfer). Since there is a positive effect of synchronisation on conception rate, protocol with higher synchronisation efficiency and conception rate can be determined under this study. Invitro Fertilization technology increases the genetic gain by reducing the generation interval. It helps to utilize a female cattle genetic potential fully and produce greater number of embryos in short duration with utilization of less semen. In vitro Production of embryos can be used to produce genetically proven animals with a good performance for improving dairy production. 85 animals were selected randomly and assigned into 3 groups. Group 1 (CIDR+ Ovsynch), Group 2 (Double PG) and Group 3 (control). Embryo transfers were done into these recipient cows by using nonsurgical method after day 7 of estrus by depositing the embryos in cranial or middle third of uterine horn on ipsilateral side of ovary having CL. The estrus response rates, overall conception rate and cervical transfer scores were found to be 60.60%,18.75% and 66.67 % in CIDR+ Ovsynch protocol, 60.00%,15.78% and 16.67 % in Double PG protocol, 58.33%, 0% and 16.67 % in natural estrus in recipient cows. The mean BCS and mean CL diameter was 3.07 ± 0.13 and 21.56±1.13 mm, 2.53 ± 0.07 and 14.90±0.59 in pregnant and non pregnant recipients respectively. Conception rate was found higher in animals having vacuolated CL (18.18%) when compared to animals having Compact CL (13.79%) and those receiving Expanded blastocyst (23.80%) than blastocyst (5.26%) when the transport time was within 3hrs (19.04%) when compared to 5-7hrs (10.52%). Overall, higher synchronisation, eligible animals for transfer and conception rates were observed with timed ET in CIDR + Ovsynch protocol than in Double PG and natural estrus animals.

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Ambarcioglu, P., D. Mavridis, MO Yazlik, R. Vural, MM Akcil Ok, and S. Gürcan. "Comparison of synchronisation protocols on pregnancy rate in dairy cows and heifers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 74, no. 2 (2023): 5657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.29829.

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Estrus synchronisation protocols are used as an essential strategy in the reproductive management of dairy herds, including Ovsynch, Presynch, Selectsynch, Heatsynch, Cosynch, Double-Ovsynch, and some other combinations of these, while the optimal protocol is still uncertain. We performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of the synchronisation protocols in dairy cows and heifers. Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cabi Direct, and The Cochrane Library were searched up to May 13, 2019. The comparison of synchronisation protocols in terms of pregnancy rate was done by combining direct and indirect evidence. Ranking the synchronisation protocols were conducted by using surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). 48 randomized trials involving 9 different protocols were included. Compared with the control group, none of the synchronisation protocols were more effective in pregnancy rate at first insemination. Presynch+Ovsynch was found to be more efficient than Ovsynch (RR=1.21, 95% CI:1.04-1.40), also Presynch+Ovsynch and Presynch+Heatsynch were superior to Presynch+Selectsynch (RR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.03-3.93 and RR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.21-3.01). In conclusion, presynchronisation strategies such as Presynch+Ovsynch increase the effectiveness of pregnancy rate at first insemination related to other synchronisation protocols. Nevertheless, the non-superiority of the synchronisation protocols against not applying any hormonal treatments should be considered in reproductive management in dairy herds.

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Chauhan1, JH, KK Hadiya2, and AJ Dhami. "Prevalence, Risk Factors and Differential Diagnosis of Cystic Ovarian Degeneration in Crossbred Cows." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, no. 01 (2019): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.1.5.

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The present study was conducted under field conditions on >90 days postpartum HF crossbred cows with cystic ovaries (n = 58). The diagnosis was confirmed by history and trans-rectal palpation and ultrasonographic examinations twice at weekly interval using 5.0–7.5 MHz frequency probe and was later authenticated with plasma progesterone assay and treatment response. The animals with follicular cysts were randomly treated with either conventional ovsynch or ovsynch + CIDR protocol with fixed time AI (n = 10 each), and those with luteal cysts with either double PG injections 11 days apart or modified Ovsynch protocol (n = 16 each). Among 58 cystic cows, the highest incidence (62.07 %) of the ovarian cyst was recorded in the age group of 5–7 years followed by above 7 years (36.21%) and 3–5 years (2.00%). The incidence was highest among cows of 3rd or more parity (70.69%) followed by 2nd parity (29.31%), and no case was seen in primiparous cows. Of the total 36.21% were follicular type cyst and 63.79% luteal type cysts. The right ovary had a high incidence of the cyst (51.72%) followed by the left ovary (36.21%), and bilateral (12.07%). Based on rectal palpation, the cystic ovary was classified to have follicular cyst in 36.21% (21/58) cases and luteal cysts in 63.79% (37/58). Ultrasound examination showed follicular and luteal cysts as 27.59% and 72.41%, whereas plasma P4 (less than/greator than 1 ng/mL) analysis revealed this as 20.69% and 79.31%, respectively. The clinical diagnosis became more accurate with a combination of per rectal palpation and USG and was further improved by plasma progesterone assay. The mean diameters and a wall thickness of cysts varied highly significantly (p less than 0.01) between groups/protocols. The conception rates at induced estrus with FTAI in cows under ovsynch, ovsynch + CIDR, modified ovsynch and double PG protocols were 50.00, 40.00, 50.00 and 43.75 percent, respectively. It is thus concluded that in crossbred cows luteal cysts are more common than follicular cysts, particularly in prime aged animals of 3rd or 4th parity with more of left ovarian involvement. The differentiation of cyst type is best achieved with the combined use of USG and/or plasma progesterone assay with rectal palpation, and that ovsynch protocol appeared promising for the treatment of follicular cysts and Modified Ovsynch for luteal cysts.

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Morini, Giorgio, Fernando López-Gatius, Irina Garcia-Ispierto, and Fabio De Rensis. "Effect of Utilization of Single or Double Prostaglandin Administration Within an Ovsynch Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Protocol During Summer Season in Dairy Cows." Annals of Animal Science 19, no. 3 (2019): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2019-0022.

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AbstractThis study investigated the fertility of dairy cows during summer season after treatment with a single or double PGF2α in a progesterone (P4)-based Ovsynch protocol for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). The data were compared to a treatment effectuated during winter season. Two groups of 60 dairy cows each were randomly assigned on day 60 post-partum to single PGF2α or double PGF2α group. At removal of the P4 treatment the single PGF2α group received a single dose and the double PGF2α group received two doses of PGF2α at 24 hours apart. In each group, 30 cows were treated during the summer (June, July and August) and 30 cows during the winter (December, January and February) season. During summer season a double PGF2α dose did not influence pregnancy rate at FTAI but improved cumulative pregnancy rate 60 days after FTAI (43% vs 69% for single PGF2α and double PGF2α administration, respectively; P<0.05). During winter season the single or double PGF2α administration did not modify PR or cumulative PR. In conclusion, during summer the utilization of a double instead of single PGF2α treatment into a P4-based Ovsynch-FTAI protocol did not increase pregnancy rate at FTAI but improved cumulative pregnancy rate.

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Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu, Gulnaz, Ebru Karakaya, Abdulkadir Keskin, Ahmet Gumen, Volkan Koc, and Hayrettin Okut. "Comparison of synchronisation and fertility after different modifications of the ovsynch protocol in cyclic dairy cows." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 62, no. 1 (2014): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2013.045.

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of (1) double doses of PGF2α administration or (2) an exogenous progesterone (CIDR) applied concurrently with, or (3) the day after, first GnRH of Ovsynch (GnRH-1), on synchronisation and fertility during the Ovsynch protocol. All cows (n = 378) received the Ovsynch protocol (GnRH-7d-PGF2α-56h-GnRH-18h-TAI). The ‘OVS’ group (n = 105) received only the Ovsynch protocol. The ‘OVS-PGF’ group (n = 118, GnRH-7d-PGF2α-12h-PGF2α-44h-GnRH-18h-TAI) received an extra dose of PGF2α 12 h later on Day 7. The ‘OVS-7CIDR’ group (n = 78, GnRH+CIDR-7d-PGF2α-56h-GnRH-18h-TAI) received a CIDR for 7 days between GnRH-1 and PGF2α. In the ‘OVS-6CIDR’ group (n = 77, GnRH-24h-CIDR-6d-PGF2α-56h-GnRH-18h-TAI), CIDR was applied one day after GnRH-1 and removed 6 days later. When all cows were evaluated, the responses to GnRH-2 were higher (P = 0.005) in cows that responded to GnRH-1 (95.4%) compared to the cows that did not respond (87.6%). The pregnancy rates at 31 and 62 days for each group were 48.6% and 42.9% in the OVS, 54.2% and 52.5% in the OVS-PGF, 52.6% and 48.7% in the OVS-7CIDR, and 55.8% and 49.3% in the OVS-6CIDR groups. Thus, none of the three different treatments has an effect on increasing the out-comes of the Ovsynch protocol in cyclic lactating dairy cows.

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Lyashenko, V. V., I. V. Kaeshova, and A. V. Gubina. "Heat synchronization and the effectiveness of insemination of cows of Holstein breed under the conditions of the dairy complex." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2110-06.

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The food security of country is largely determined by the development of animal husbandry branches. Dairy cattle breeding is of particular importance, which has been actively developing in recent years due to the modernization of farms and complexes, the introduction of innovative technologies and the formation of a highly productive breeding herd. The most important link in the development of dairy cattle breeding is the reproduction of the herd. Modern technologies make it possible to use hormonal drugs in order to optimize the reproductive traits of animals. The results of clinical and experimental studies have shown the important role of hormones in the regulation of physiological functions, as well as the possibility of their use for directed changes in metabolism, productivity and fertility of animals. The purpose of the research was to assess the influence of methods of synchronization of heat of cows on the pregnancy rate under the conditions of the dairy complex. The research data on the effectiveness of insemination when identifying animals in visually heat and using Heatime neck strips, as well as when using heat synchronization programs such as Presynch and Double Ovsynch have been presented in the article. The research has been carried out under the conditions of a modern dairy complex on a highly productive herd of cows of Holstein breed. Differences in the effectiveness of insemination by using the studied methods were revealed from 49,1 to 72,5 %. The highest conception rate has been observed in first-calf heifers (83,0 %) and cows (62,5 %) inseminated using the Double Ovsynch protocol. The dependence of the level of conception rate on the presence of diseases suffered by cows during the newcalving period and until the moment of insemination has been noted. In sick animals, the conception rate for groups of first-calf heifers and cows was significantly lower than in healthy animals. Thus, according to the Double Ovsynch insemination protocol, the conception rate in healthy animals was 83,7 %, and in those who were ill – 65,2 %. The research results confi rmed the validity of stopping the use of the Presynch protocol and completely transferring the dairy herd of cows to synchronization and insemination using the Double Ovsynch protocol.

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Lyashenko, V. V., I. V. Kaeshova, and A. V. Gubina. "Heat synchronization and the effectiveness of insemination of cows of Holstein breed under the conditions of the dairy complex." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2110-06.

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The food security of country is largely determined by the development of animal husbandry branches. Dairy cattle breeding is of particular importance, which has been actively developing in recent years due to the modernization of farms and complexes, the introduction of innovative technologies and the formation of a highly productive breeding herd. The most important link in the development of dairy cattle breeding is the reproduction of the herd. Modern technologies make it possible to use hormonal drugs in order to optimize the reproductive traits of animals. The results of clinical and experimental studies have shown the important role of hormones in the regulation of physiological functions, as well as the possibility of their use for directed changes in metabolism, productivity and fertility of animals. The purpose of the research was to assess the influence of methods of synchronization of heat of cows on the pregnancy rate under the conditions of the dairy complex. The research data on the effectiveness of insemination when identifying animals in visually heat and using Heatime neck strips, as well as when using heat synchronization programs such as Presynch and Double Ovsynch have been presented in the article. The research has been carried out under the conditions of a modern dairy complex on a highly productive herd of cows of Holstein breed. Differences in the effectiveness of insemination by using the studied methods were revealed from 49,1 to 72,5 %. The highest conception rate has been observed in first-calf heifers (83,0 %) and cows (62,5 %) inseminated using the Double Ovsynch protocol. The dependence of the level of conception rate on the presence of diseases suffered by cows during the newcalving period and until the moment of insemination has been noted. In sick animals, the conception rate for groups of first-calf heifers and cows was significantly lower than in healthy animals. Thus, according to the Double Ovsynch insemination protocol, the conception rate in healthy animals was 83,7 %, and in those who were ill – 65,2 %. The research results confi rmed the validity of stopping the use of the Presynch protocol and completely transferring the dairy herd of cows to synchronization and insemination using the Double Ovsynch protocol.

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Pytlík, Jan, Luděk Stádník, Jaromír Ducháček, and Radim Codl. "Comparative Study of Pregnancy Rate of Dairy Cows Inseminated with Fresh or Frozen-Thawed Semen." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, no. 3 (2020): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068030573.

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The aim of this study was to investigate conception rates (CR) achieved with artificial insemination of Holstein cows using fresh or frozen insemination doses (ID). The synchronization protocols (Double-Ovsynch, Ovsynch, ReSynch) and pedometers were used to secure proper timing of artificial inseminations (AI). Total of 3979 inseminations data were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS 9.3 package. For the evaluation of a CR, the effects of ID type, season, year, sire breed, lactation number and oestrus detection type, were analysed. Cows inseminated with fresh ID performed higher CR (+4.86%; P < 0.05). Best pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) success was observed during the winter season (+11.82%; P < 0.01). Parity affected P/AI with primiparous having a greater P/AI than multiparous cows (P < 0.01). The least likelihood of pregnancy success matched up with ReSynch and the highest with Ovsynch protocol (+7.7%; P < 0.05). In conclusion, fresh ID manifested superior CR over frozen-thawed semen under common conditions of Czech dairy farming. Similar or better P/AI was achieved when an automated activity monitoring were used rather than timed AI based on Ovsynch protocol, indicating a possible reduction in hormonal treatment applications without affecting fertility of high producing dairy cows.

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Mendonça, Luis Gustavo Delamanha, Kenneth Wronka, Guy Fridkovski, Todd Bilby, and Jeffrey Stevenson. "Reproductive Efficiency of Low-Fertility Dairy Cows Submitted to Presynch-Ovsynch or Double-Ovsynch Scheme for First Service." Animals 15, no. 4 (2025): 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15040536.

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Reproductive efficiency has a major impact on the profitability of dairy operations. Focusing on improving the reproductive performance of cows with expected reduced fertility is desired; however, further research is needed in this area. The objectives of this study were to identify a subpopulation of cows with suboptimal fertility and evaluate whether hormonal interventions would improve the reproductive efficiency of low-fertility cows. Cows in one herd were enrolled in the study at 50 days in milk (DIM) and classified as low or high fertility according to a proprietary Fertility Index. Weekly cohorts of cows were allocated to three treatments at 50 DIM: (1) high fertility and Presynch-Ovsynch (H-PO; n = 1036); (2) low fertility and Presynch-Ovsynch (L-PO; n = 665); (3) low fertility and Double-Ovsynch (L-DO; n = 645). The voluntary waiting period (VWP) was 65 and 50 DIM for first-lactation and second- and greater-lactation cows, respectively, regardless of the treatment group. For H-PO and L-PO treatments, Presynch-Ovsynch was initiated at 75 ± 3 DIM, and when cows were not inseminated early after detected estrus, timed artificial insemination (TAI) occurred at 113 ± 3 DIM. For cows assigned to the L-DO treatment, Double-Ovsynch was initiated at 53 ± 3 DIM, and when cows were not inseminated early after detected estrus, TAI occurred at 80 ± 3 DIM. All cows were eligible to be inseminated after the end of the VWP and during the entire presynchronization schemes. The Fertility Index successfully identified differences in pregnancy and culling outcomes regardless of the lactation number. Fewer cows (p < 0.01) predicted to have high compared with low fertility required a TAI for the first service, more (p < 0.01) were pregnant by 100 DIM, more (p < 0.01) were alive and pregnant by 250 DIM, fewer (p < 0.01) were culled by 250 DIM, and fewer tended (p = 0.08) to have pregnancy loss after first AI. Applying a fertility scheme (DO) to low-fertility cows failed to increase the proportion of cows pregnant by 250 DIM compared with low-fertility cows exposed to PO when cows were allowed to be inseminated at estrus during the entire presynchronization scheme. We conclude that submitting low-fertility cows to DO optimized the service rate for the first service; however, it did not increase pregnancy per AI compared with L-PO. Lastly, the Fertility Index successfully predicted differences in practical reproductive outcomes routinely monitored in dairy farms.

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Kim, Ill-Hwa, Jae-Kwan Jeong, and Hyun-Gu Kang. "Reproductive performance following a modified Presynch-Ovsynch, Double-Ovsynch, or conventional reproductive management program in Korean dairy herds." Theriogenology 156 (October 2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.019.

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Li, Huazhao, Nan Sun, Yao Xiao, et al. "Benefits of using Double-Ovsynch versus presynch-ovsynch are affected by environmental heat in primiparous holstein lactating cows." Animal Reproduction Science 251 (April 2023): 107224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107224.

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Naglis, Gundars, Ivan Fasulkov, Manol Karadaev, Radina Vasileva, Georgios Petrovas, and Nasko Vasilev. "COMPARISON OF HCG VS GNRH EFFECTS IN DOUBLE OVSYNCH ON FIRST-SERVICE CONCEPTION RATES IN ANESTRUS DAIRY COWS." TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE 3, no. 1 (2018): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1217930.

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The aim of the present study was to compare first-service conception rates after inclusion of either hCG or GnRH in Double Ovsynch to anestrous dairy cows. The animals with follicle size ≥10 mm and no corpus luteum in ovaries were allotted into 2 groups. At the start of the programme, follicle sizes were 13.7±1.5 mm and 13.9±1.2 mm respectively (р=0.5). Higher percentage of ovulations (72.7%) were established in cows treated with hCG vs those treated with GnRH (64.4%, р<0.2094). Follicle sizes at the time of AI were 15.9±0.5 mm and 16.2±0.4 mm (р=0.5). Pregnancy was detected in 38.6% of cows treated with hCG and 42.2% of cows treated with GnRH (р<0.3501)

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Khan, Muhammad Tayyab, Muhammad Muzammal Niaz, and Ghulam Shabbir Khan. "Effect of Dalmavital and Ovulik Plus on conception rate in Ovsynch synchronized Nili-Ravi buf- faloes." Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias 33, Suplemento (2023): 252–53. https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-wbc102.

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Nili-Ravi buffalo are known as the “Black Gold of Pakistan”. It is the most prized dairy animal in Pakistan. Silent estrus and shy behavior are among the main causes of poor reproductive efficiency in buffalo, leading to prolonged calving intervals. Ovulik Plus® is a supplementary mixture for stimulating fertility. It provides energy, eliminates the deficiency of ß-carotene, as well as giving a rich source of vitamins and microelements to elevate reproductive efficiency. Dalmavital® is another product that contains ß-carotene and acts as an antioxidant source. Our objective was to compare the impact of these supplements in enhancing conception rates of Ovsynch synchronized Nili-Ravi buffaloes. For this purpose, buffaloes (n=45) with healthy reproductive tract, BCS (2.5-3.5), and mixed parity (2-3) were enrolled into three groups: G1: Ovsynch + Dalmavital (IM), G2: Ovsynch + Ovulik (PO) and G3: Ovsynch without supplementation as control. For the Ovsynch protocol, buffaloes were administered with 2ml (IM) injection of GnRH (Lecirelin acetate 25μg/ml) at day 0, followed by 2ml (IM) injection of PGF2α (D-cloprostenol 75μg/ml) at day 7. Finally, 2ml GnRH was injected (IM) at day 9. Dalmavital was injected (IM) at the rate of 1ml/40kg body weight at day 5 in G1, and Ovulik Plus was offered by drenching gun just after 1st AI as a single dose of 1000 g/ buffalo. Double inseminations were performed at standing estrus, morning and evening, at intervals of 12 and 24 h after the last GnRH injection. Pregnancies were confirmed through ultrasonography at day 40. Data were analyzed through the Chi-Square test and Binary Logistic Regression model using SPSS. Results revealed no difference (p>0.05) in estrus response among all groups. Conception rates were higher (p<0.05) in G2 compared to G3 (60% vs. 46.66%, respectively). However, there was no difference (p >0.05) in conception rates of G1 and G2 (53.33% vs. 60%, respectively). In conclusion, Ovulik Plus per oral was superior to intramuscular administration of Dalmavital in improving conception rates of Ovsynch synchronized Nili-Ravi buffaloes.

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Giordano, J. O., M. C. Wiltbank, J. N. Guenther, et al. "Increased fertility in lactating dairy cows resynchronized with Double-Ovsynch compared with Ovsynch initiated 32 d after timed artificial insemination." Journal of Dairy Science 95, no. 2 (2012): 639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4418.

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Булаєнко, А. Ю., та Т. В. Звенігородська. "ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РІЗНИХ СХЕМ СИНХРОНІЗАЦІЇ ГОЛШТИНСЬКИХ КОРІВ В УМОВАХ СТОВ «ПРОМІНЬ» МИКОЛАЇВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ". Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, № 2 (27 червня 2019): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2019.02.20.

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Підвищення рентабельності молочного скотарства в Україні можна здійснити за допомогою зростання продуктивних показників тварин та зменшення витрат на одержання продукції. Ефек-тивність молочного скотарства тісно пов’язана з інтенсивністю відтворення стада. Ембріональна смертність у корів є однією з причин низької результативності штучного осіменіння. Втрати тільності в ембріональний період у високопродуктивних стадах досягають 40−55 %. Саме тому нашою метою було охарактеризувати використання різних схем синхронізації в СТОВ «Промінь» Арбузин-ського району Миколаївської області та з’ясувати ефективність впливу препарату Аініл на заплід-нюваність корів. Експеримент проводили на коровах голштинської породи віком від двох до чоти-рьох років. Щоб дослідити вплив нестероїдного протизапального препарату Аініл (кетопрофен) на запліднюваність корів, було створено дві дослідні (n = 50 голів) та одну контрольну групи (n = 50 голів). У контрольній групі осіменіння проводили без використання будь-яких препаратів. Коровам обох дослідних груп застосовували схему Double OvSynch. На 11 день після осіменіння коровам другої дослідної групи внутрішньом’язово вводили препарат Аініл у дозі 15 мл. Першій дослідній групі вво-дили 15 мл фізрозчину. Для корів, що не запліднилися, використовували дві схеми ReSynch, стандар-тну – для корів, що не мають гінекологічної патології, та модифіковану – для корів, що мають кісти та двосторонні гіпофункції яєчників. Їх було поділено на дві дослідні групи (n = 15 голів) та одну ко-нтрольну (n = 15 голів), яких осіменяли повторно без використання будь-яких препаратів. Проаналі-зувавши статистичні дані в СТОВ «Промінь» за 2018 рік, було визначено, що вихід телят на 100 го-лів, при застосуванні схем з протизапальним препаратом Аініл, складав 88,3 %, а за використання схем синхронізації без Аінілу вихід телят становив 73,5 %, що на 14,8 % менше. Використання пре-парату Аініл (кетопрофен) на 11 добу після осіменіння корів, яким проводили синхронізацію за схе-мою Double OvSynch, підвищує заплідненість на 20 % порівняно з групою корів в умовах спонтанного еструсу та на 14 % порівняно з групою корів, яким проводили синхронізацію за схемою Double OvSynch. З’ясовано, що за використання схем ReSynch у тварин, що не запліднилися з першого разу, заплідненість вища на 15–33 % порівняно з контролем.

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KURU, MUSHAP, CIHAN KACAR, HASAN ORAL та ін. "Effect of two prostaglandin F2α injections administered 24 hours apart on the pregnancy rate of Simmental cows subjected to the Ovsynch or Ovsynch + Controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocols". Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, № 10 (2020): 6451–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6451.

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The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of one or two doses of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) on the pregnancy rate (PR) in Simmental cows subjected to the Ovsynch or Ovsynch + Controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocols. On d 0, 100 µg gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate (GnRH) was injected into cows in group 1 (n = 50) and group 2 (n = 40) and CIDR was intravaginally inserted. On d 7, 25 mg dinoprost tromethamine (PGF2α, PGF) was administered, and GnRH was injected 56 h later. Fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) was performed 16 h after GnRH injection. In group 3 (n = 62) and group 4 (n = 63), PGF was administered 7 d following GnRH treatment, and GnRH was injected 56 h later. TAI was performed 16 h after GnRH injection. In groups 2 and 4, a second dose of PGF was injected 24 h after the first dose. Pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasonography on d 30 and 60 post-TAI. The pregnancy rate (PR) on d 30 post-TAI was significantly different among the groups: 46%, 55%, 29%, and 36.5%, in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P = 0.048). In addition, the PR was 36.3% and 43.7% in the single PGF and double PGF injection groups, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the PR on d 60 post-TAI (P > 0.05). Pregnancy loss was between 4.34% and 11.11% (P > 0.05). The highest PR in the primiparous cows was observed in group 3 (57.7%). The PR was not significantly different among multiparous cows (P > 0.05). In conclusion, two injections of PGF administered 24 h apart in Simmental cows may increase the PR in the Ovsynch or Ovsynch + CIDR protocols.

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Allahyari, Iman, Faramarz Gharagozlou, Mehdi Vojgani, Poorya Pooladzadeh, Emadeddin Mobedi, and Vahid Akbarinejad. "Replacement of the first GnRH by estradiol in the breeding Ovsynch of Double Ovsynch protocol could improve fertility in Holstein dairy cows." Animal Reproduction Science 252 (May 2023): 107228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107228.

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Minela, T., A. Santos, E. Schuurmans, and J. R. Pursley. "161 Increasing the dose of cloprostenol sodium reduced pregnancy losses but did not increase pregnancies per AI in lactating dairy cows." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab161.

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Incomplete luteolysis after last prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) of Ovsynch in fertility programmes decreases the likelihood of pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows (Martins et al. 2011 J. Dairy Sci. 94, 2815-2824; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3652). Two doses of PGF2α 24h apart increased the percentage of cows with complete luteolysis (Brusveen et al. 2009 J. Dairy Sci. 92, 1412-1422; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1289). Increasing the dose of cloprostenol sodium (CLO) from 0.5 to 0.75mg enhanced luteolytic properties and increased P/AI (Giordano et al. 2013 Theriogenology 80, 773-783; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.003). We hypothesised that a 1.0-mg dose of CLO would not have different P/AI compared with two 0.5-mg doses 24h apart but would have greater P/AI than a single dose (0.5mg) in a timed AI programme. We also hypothesised that dose of CLO would not affect pregnancy losses. The objective was to determine the effect of cloprostenol dose on P/AI and pregnancy losses in lactating dairy cows. Lactating dairy cows (n=944) were randomly assigned to three treatments of various CLO doses at final PGF2α of Ovsynch: single dose (0.5 mg; n=338), two doses 24h apart (0.5mg each; n=311), or double dose (1.0 mg; n=295). Cows were randomly assigned to treatments by parity, synchronisation status, and type of AI (Double-Ovsynch (n=546) for first AI or GGPG (GnRH-GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH; n=398) for second and third AI). Cows were classified as either synchronised or non-synchronised based on evaluation of follicle and corpora lutea (CL) development during synchronisation protocols using ultrasound. Synchronised cows were defined as having at least one Day 7 and Day 14 CL at time of treatment. About 72% of all cows were classified as synchronised. Synchrony was not different between treatments. Within-cow pregnancy-specific protein B levels on Days 17 and 24 post-AI were used to determine pregnancy at 24 days. Pregnancy was confirmed via ultrasonography 34 days post-AI. All binomial variables were analysed using chi-square with PROC FREQ in SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). There were no differences between treatments on P/AI on d 24 post-AI (55, 50, and 53% for 0.5mg, two doses of 0.5mg 24h apart, and 1.0mg, respectively; P=0.35). At 24 days post-AI, P/AI were greater in synchronised versus non-synchronised cows (57 vs. 42%; P&lt;0.0001). Older cows (third parity or greater) had reduced P/AI (44%) compared with first-parity (60%) and second-parity (54%) cows at 24 days post-AI (P=0.0001). At 24 days post-AI, P/AI in cows inseminated following Double-Ovsynch were greater than those in cows that were resynchronised using GGPG (58 vs. 46%; P=0.0001). Pregnancy loss between 24 and 34 days post-AI was greater for cows receiving 0.5mg (single dose) versus two 0.5-mg doses 24h apart or 1.0mg (12, 6, and 5%, respectively; P=0.02). In summary, cows receiving a double dose (1.0mg) of CLO had similar P/AI to cows receiving two doses of 0.5mg 24h apart. Unexpectedly, P/AI at 24 days post-AI in cows from the single-dose group were not different from those of cows treated with a double dose and two doses 24h apart. Despite numerically higher P/AI, cows that received a single dose had greater pregnancy loss between 24 and 34 days post-AI. Further analyses of effects of treatment on luteal function assessed with colour Doppler may provide information about fertility outcomes.

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Befekadu, Kirubel, Tewodros Eshete, Tilaye Demissie, and Tefera Yilma. "Contributing factors to repeat breeding and postpartum anestrus and pregnancy rate subsequent to hormonal intervention in crossbred dairy cows." Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 27, no. 2 (2023): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v27i2.8.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2021 to determine the prevalence and contributing factors to repeat breeding (RB) and postpartum anestrus (PPA) in crossbred dairy cattle in the central highland of Ethiopia. Furthermore; a retrospective study was used to collect data on the occurrence of RB and PPA and the associated risk factors. The pregnancy rate was determined by rectal palpation on day 60 after hormonal therapy using double PGF2α and GnRH in combination with PGF2α. (Ovsynch). The prevalence of RB and PPA was 33.85% and 30.73%, respectively. Body condition score, parity, milk yield, herd size, abortion, and mastitis all revealed a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with the prevalence of RB and PPA. Cows with a previous history of abortion were 2.58 times at risk of repeat breeding than those without. Similarly, cows with a previous history of mastitis were 2.63 times more at risk of RB than cows that didn’t encounter the disease. Previously aborted and older cows with greater parity numbers were 2.89 and 1.23 times more affected by PPA, respectively. Moreover, endometritis and retained fetal membrane showed significant association (p<0.05) with postpartum anestrus. The pregnancy rates in cows treated with double PGF2α and GnRH + PGF2α (Ovsynch) were 41.46% and 29.17%, respectively. It is concluded that the occurrence of RB and PPA in the research area was influenced by parity, body condition, and daily milk yield of the cow. Reproductive health problems including abortion retained fetal membranes, endometritis, and mastitis affected the prevalence of RB and PPA. Although the use of double PGF2α or in combination with GnRH has resumed cyclicity in RB and PPA dairy cows, the pregnancy rates are yet low. Hence, a study that utilizes detailed hormonal assay profiles and reproductive-related blood metabolites should be done.

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Stangaferro, M. L., R. Wijma, M. Masello, G. E. Granados, and J. O. Giordano. "1270 Profitability of dairy cows managed for first service with the Double-Ovsynch or Presynch-Ovsynch protocol and different duration of the voluntary waiting period." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (2016): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1270.

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Stangaferro, M. L., R. W. Wijma, and J. O. Giordano. "Profitability of dairy cows submitted to the first service with the Presynch-Ovsynch or Double-Ovsynch protocol and different duration of the voluntary waiting period." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 5 (2019): 4546–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15567.

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Lauber, Megan. "The revolution and future frontiers of reproductive management of dairy cattle." American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings, no. 57 (May 14, 2024): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/aabppro20248982.

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The 21-d pregnancy rate is determined by an interaction between the AI service rate and pregnancies per AI (P/AI) and is a key performance indicator for the reproductive efficiency of dairy farms. Over the past 2 decades, the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows increased. A greater understanding of endocrinology and the physiology of lactating dairy cows generated fertility programs (the Presynch-Ovsynch and Double Ovsynch protocols for TAI) that increase the service rate and P/AI compared with detection of estrus. Previously, synchronization of ovulation in heifers was associated with poor reproductive performance compared with detection of estrus. Several modifications determined through randomized-controlled studies gave rise to the 5-d CIDR-Synch protocol that has similar and more P/AI when heifers are inseminated with conventional and sexed semen, respectively, compared with detection of estrus. A hierarchy of reproductive needs exists for dairy farms that require fulfillment before a new need can emerge. Dairy farms must have a high 21-d pregnancy rate and good heifer management before adopting other advanced reproductive technologies such as genomic selection, sexed and beef semen, and in vitro-produced embryos. Adopting these advanced reproductive technologies benefits dairy farms, however, challenges still exist that need further investigation through randomized-controlled experiments to maximize the benefits

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Herlihy, M. M., J. O. Giordano, A. H. Souza, et al. "Presynchronization with Double-Ovsynch improves fertility at first postpartum artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Science 95, no. 12 (2012): 7003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-5260.

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Stangaferro, M. L., R. Wijma, M. Masello, and J. O. Giordano. "1257 Reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows managed for first service with the Double-Ovsynch or Presynch-Ovsynch protocol and different duration of the voluntary waiting period." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (2016): 606–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1257.

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37

Abdalla, Hany, Dennis N. Makau, and Shebl E. Salem. "Treatment of cows that fail to respond to pre-synchronization treatments with a CIDR-Ovsynch regimen improves the overall pregnancy percentage after a double Ovsynch treatment regimen." Animal Reproduction Science 216 (May 2020): 106356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106356.

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38

Binversie, J. A., K. E. Pfeiffer, and J. E. Larson. "Modifying the double-Ovsynch protocol to include human chorionic gonadotropin to synchronize ovulation in dairy cattle." Theriogenology 78, no. 9 (2012): 2095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.08.004.

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Ayres, H., R. M. Ferreira, A. P. Cunha, R. R. Araújo, and M. C. Wiltbank. "Double-Ovsynch in high-producing dairy cows: Effects on progesterone concentrations and ovulation to GnRH treatments." Theriogenology 79, no. 1 (2013): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.10.001.

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Jaśkowski, Jędrzej M., Marek Gehrke, Magdalena Herudzińska, Bartłomiej M. Jaśkowski, and Klaus-Peter Brüssow. "Resynchronisation as an element of improving cattle reproduction efficiency." Journal of Veterinary Research 63, no. 1 (2019): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0009.

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Abstract Oestrus resynchronisation (RES, Resynch) programmes for non-pregnant cows allow shortening the period between an unsuccessful insemination and the next attempt on the same cow. The protocol of oestrus RES may be started after ruling out pregnancy by means of ultrasonography carried out 28 days after insemination or after performing a test for pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PAG) in blood or milk. The Resynch protocol can be based on a double application of prostaglandins, the OvSynch protocol, or hormonal therapy with exogenous sources of progesterone (CIDR intravaginal devices). The efficiency of the method depends on the functional state of the ovaries, the diameter of the corpus luteum, external factors, and the health and maturity of the cows. The present paper constitutes a comparison of research findings concerning the effectiveness of RES programmes.

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Stangaferro, M. L., R. Wijma, M. Masello, and J. O. Giordano. "Reproductive performance and herd exit dynamics of lactating dairy cows managed for first service with the Presynch-Ovsynch or Double-Ovsynch protocol and different duration of the voluntary waiting period." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 2 (2018): 1673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13425.

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42

Souza, A. H., H. Ayres, R. M. Ferreira, and M. C. Wiltbank. "A new presynchronization system (Double-Ovsynch) increases fertility at first postpartum timed AI in lactating dairy cows." Theriogenology 70, no. 2 (2008): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.03.014.

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43

Dirandeh, E., A. Rezaei Roodbari, and M. G. Colazo. "Double-Ovsynch, compared with presynch with or without GnRH, improves fertility in heat-stressed lactating dairy cows." Theriogenology 83, no. 3 (2015): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.011.

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Đorđević, Milan, Jovan Blagojević, Miodrag Radinović, et al. "Efficiency of Two Protocols of Resynchronization of Estrus and Ovulation in High-Producing Dairy Cows at Peak Lactation." Acta Veterinaria 72, no. 3 (2022): 362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2022-0029.

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Abstract The reproductive efficiency of the cows was monitored after two resynchronization protocols: Ovsynch (OVS) and Double Ovsynch (DOS). The research initially included 70 HF cows who entered the first synchronization protocol – Presynch. Cows that did not conceive after the first synchronization were divided into two groups and introduced to two resynchronization protocols. In the first group of cows (n=35), the DOS protocol began with the application of GnRH on day 22 after the Presynch TAI (Timed Artificial Insemination), and seven days later pregnancy check-up was done and PGF2α was applied only to non-pregnant cows (n=23), which remained in the study. In the second group of cows, the OVS protocol started on day 32 after Presynch TAI only in non-pregnant animals (n=20). Progesterone (P4) concentration was determined at the time of application of GnRH1, PGF2α and GnRH2 in both groups of cows, and then 30 days after Resynch TAI, ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis was done. A higher percentage of pregnant cows were recorded in the OVS group compared to the DOS group (45% and 35%, respectively). The concentration of P4 in the serum of cows in the DOS group during the first measurement (GnRH1) was significantly higher than the value in cows that did not conceive (p<0.05), while in the third measurement (GnRH2) the average concentration of P4 in conceiving cows was significantly lower (p<0.001) compared to cows that did not coincive. The open days period was significantly longer in pregnant cows that were resynchronized using the DOS protocol compared to cows from the OVS protocol. In conclusion, the OVS protocol of estrus resynchronization in dairy cows proved to be more successful than the DOS protocol. However, considering the advantages the OVS, it is needed to determine which day of the sexual cycle is the best to start resynchronization.

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Luchterhand, M., C. A. Gamarra, R. S. Gennari, P. D. Carvalho, R. V. Barletta, and A. H. Souza. "Ovulation and fertility response to commercially available GnRH products in lactating cows synchronized with the Double-Ovsynch protocol." Animal Reproduction Science 202 (March 2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.01.006.

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RAVAL, R. J., T. K. PATBANDHA, B. J. TRANGADIA, A. J. DHAMI, and F. S. KAVANI. "Changes in ovarian structures, blood biochemical and hormonal profile in double Ovsynch treated conceived and non-conceived Jaffarabadi buffaloes." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 8 (2022): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i8.115682.

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The present study comprised 12 post-pubertal acyclic buffalo heifers (40-50 months of age) and 6 postpartum lactating acyclic buffalo cows. Animals were monitored for ovarian changes by ultrasonography along with blood sampling on different days of hormonal treatment, on day 27 of protocol and on day 12, 21 and 35 post-insemination. Total 10 animals (55.56%; 9/12 heifers; 1/6 buffalo) conceived at fix timed artificial insemination (FTAI) and remaining 8 animals were considered as non-conceived for comparison. Significantly higher number of large follicles was observed on day 7 with reduction in mean diameter of subordinate follicles at day 26, decreased plasma levels of FSH on day 17, 24 and 26; increased plasma level of LH on day 27, with higher insulin level in conceived animals as compared to non-conceived animals. Significant reduction in number of large follicles was recorded on day 21 post- AI in conceived animals. The difference in the levels of progesterone was statistically significant between conceived and non-conceived animals at day 35 post-AI. There were highly significant positive correlations among population of different size follicles, total follicles and largest and subordinate follicles diameter, whereas they had negative correlation with plasma protein and cholesterol both in conceived and non-conceived animals, but their correlations with plasma LH, insulin and estrogen were significant and positive only among non-conceived group.

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Dawod, Ahmed, and Hamed T. Elbaz. "Effect of sexed semen, puberty and breeding ages on fertility of Holstein dairy heifers treated with double Ovsynch protocol." Tropical Animal Health and Production 52, no. 6 (2020): 2925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02306-6.

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Dogruer, Gokhan, Mustafa Kemal Saribay, Fikret Karaca та Yasar Ergun. "The Comparison of the Pregnancy Rates Obtained after the Ovsynch and Double Dose PGF2α + GnRH Applications in Lactating Dairy Cows". Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9, № 4 (2010): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.809.813.

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Astiz, S., and O. Fargas. "Pregnancy per AI differences between primiparous and multiparous high-yield dairy cows after using Double Ovsynch or G6G synchronization protocols." Theriogenology 79, no. 7 (2013): 1065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.01.026.

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Giordano, Julio O., Milo C. Wiltbank, Paul M. Fricke та ін. "Effect of increasing GnRH and PGF2α dose during Double-Ovsynch on ovulatory response, luteal regression, and fertility of lactating dairy cows". Theriogenology 80, № 7 (2013): 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Double Ovsynch'

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