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Journal articles on the topic 'Doubly closed shell'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Björnstad, T., M. J. G. Borge, J. Blomqvist, et al. "The doubly closed shell nucleus 13250Sn82." Nuclear Physics A 453, no. 3 (1986): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(86)90447-1.

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2

Stuchbery, Andrew E., and John L. Wood. "To Shell Model, or Not to Shell Model, That Is the Question." Physics 4, no. 3 (2022): 697–773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics4030048.

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The present review takes steps from the domain of the shell model into open shell nuclei. The question posed in the title is to dramatize how far shell model approaches, i.e., many nucleons occupying independent-particle configurations and interacting through two-body forces (a configuration interaction problem) can provide a description of nuclei as one explores the structure observed where neither proton nor neutron numbers match closed shells. Features of doubly closed and singly closed shell nuclei and adjacent nuclei are sketched, together with the roles played by seniority, shape coexist

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3

Traini, M., and G. Orlandini. "Nucleon momentum distributions in doubly closed shell nuclei." Zeitschrift f�r Physik A Atoms and Nuclei 321, no. 3 (1985): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01411983.

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4

Azizi, Boutros, Habib Eslami, and Kais Jribi. "Geometrically Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of an Imperfect, Stiffened, Functionally Graded, Doubly Curved Shell." Dynamics 5, no. 2 (2025): 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/dynamics5020018.

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An analytical study of the nonlinear response of imperfect stiffened doubly curved shells made of functionally graded material (FGM) is presented. The formulation of the problem is based on the first-order shear deformation shell theory in conjunction with the von Kármán geometrical nonlinear strain–displacement relationships. The nonlinear equations of the motion of stiffened double-curved shells based on the extended Sanders’s theory were derived using Galerkin’s method. The material properties vary in the direction of thickness according to the linear rule of mixture. The effect of both lon

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5

Hebbinghaus, G., T. Rzaca-Urban, C. Senff, et al. "Observation of superdeformation in the doubly closed-shell nucleusGd146." Physical Review Letters 59, no. 18 (1987): 2024–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.59.2024.

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6

FABROCINI, A., F. ARIAS DE SAAVEDRA, and G. P. CO'. "CORRELATIONS AND REALISTIC INTERACTIONS IN DOUBLY CLOSED SHELL NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 10n11 (2001): 1558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201006033.

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We review the latest variational calculations of the ground state properties of doubly closed shell nuclei, from 12 C to 208 Pb , with semirealistic and realistic two- and three-nucleon interactions. The studies are carried on within the framework of the correlated basis function theory and integral equations technique, with state dependent correlations having central and tensor components. We report results for the ground-estate energy, one- and two-body densities and static structure functions. For 16 O and 40 Ca we use modern interactions and find that the accuracy of the method is comparab

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7

Wolters, H., E. Ott, R. Wirowski, et al. "High spin states in the doubly-closed shell nucleus146Gd." Zeitschrift f�r Physik A Atomic Nuclei 333, no. 4 (1989): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01299699.

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8

Vinayak, A., M. M. Hosamani, P. N. Patil, and N. M. Badiger. "Determination of single neutron spectroscopic factor of doubly shell closed, neutron shell closed and neutron-rich nuclei through (d,p) reaction." International Journal of Modern Physics E 29, no. 06 (2020): 2050030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301320500305.

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The spectroscopic factor (SF) of doubly-magic nuclei, neutron shell closed and neutron-rich nuclei has been determined through ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) reaction in the projectile energy range from 3 to 26[Formula: see text]MeV. The theoretical angular differential cross-sections of ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] reactions in scattering center-of-mass angles from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] have been calculated using FRESCO and NRV-DWUCK5 codes. By comparing the theoretical angular differential cross-sections with available experimental angular differ

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9

Fogelberg, B., M. Hellström, D. Jerrestam, et al. "The doubly closed shell nucleus132Sn: Collectivity and p-h states." Physica Scripta T56 (January 1, 1995): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1995/t56/012.

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10

Bhattacharya, Rupayan. "Structure of the Super Neutronised Doubly Closed Shell Nucleus 132Sn." Australian Journal of Physics 45, no. 1 (1992): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph920039.

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The scenario of single particle (proton as well as neutron) states near the Fermi surface of 132Sn has been investigated on the basis of an average one-body potential suitably optimised for 208Pb and then extrapolated to the mass region concerned. The calculation shows excellent agreement with experiment. The ground state charge distribution of the nucleus has also been calculated.

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11

Có, G., A. Fabrocini, and S. Fantoni. "Model calculations of doubly closed shell nuclei in CBF theory." Nuclear Physics A 568, no. 1 (1994): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(94)90004-3.

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12

Co', G., A. Fabrocini, S. Fantoni, and I. E. Lagaris. "Model calculations of doubly closed shell nuclei in CBF theory (I)." Nuclear Physics A 549, no. 3 (1992): 439–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(92)90090-7.

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13

Lalazissis, G. A., S. E. Massen, and C. P. Panos. "The influence of state dependent short range correlations on the depletion of the nuclear Fermi sea." HNPS Proceedings 5 (February 19, 2020): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2899.

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The influence of state dependent short range correlations on the occupation numbers of the single particle shell model orbits of the doubly closed shell nuclei 16O and 40Ca is examined. The study shows that the effect of the state dependence of the short range correlations is rather small. The total depletion of the nuclear Fermi sea changes slightly compared with the one calculated by considering state independent short range correlations.

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14

Skrzyński, Grzegorz, and Monika Musial. "Benchmark Study of the Electronic States of the LiRb Molecule: Ab Initio Calculations with the Fock Space Coupled Cluster Approach." Molecules 28, no. 22 (2023): 7645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227645.

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Accurate potential energy curves (PECs) are determined for the twenty-two electronic states of LiRb. In contrast to previous studies, the applied approach relies on the first principle calculations involving correlation among all electrons. The current methodology is founded on the multireference coupled cluster (CC) scheme constructed within the Fock space (FS) formalism, specifically for the (2,0) sector. The FS methodology is established within the framework of the intermediate Hamiltonian formalism and offers an intruder-free, efficient computational scheme. This method has a distinctive f

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15

Fogelberg, B., M. Hellström, D. Jerrestam, et al. "Detailed Spectroscopy of the Doubly Closed Shell NucleusSn:132First Observation of Octupole Collectivity." Physical Review Letters 73, no. 18 (1994): 2413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.73.2413.

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16

Minamisono, T., Y. Yasui, T. Ohtsubo та ін. "Quadrupole moment of the doubly closed shell +1 nucleon nucleus41Sc(Iπ=7/2−)". Hyperfine Interactions 59, № 1-4 (1990): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02401212.

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17

Brizzi, R., M. Fabre de la Ripelle, and M. Lassaut. "Model calculations of doubly closed-shell nuclei in the Integro-Differential equation approach." Nuclear Physics A 596, no. 2 (1996): 199–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(95)00418-1.

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18

Neogi, S. Das, A. Karmakar, and D. Chakravorty. "A study of impact induced stress due low velocity impact on laminated composite skewed hypar shell roof." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.464.

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The doubly ruled hypar shell, being one of the most feasible shell roof configurations, enjoys industrial preference for covering large column free areas. This class of shells is unique as the only curvature here is the cross curvature and these do not admit easy closed form solution particularly when the boundary conditions are complicated. Laminated composite, an innate choice to different industrial sectors for its huge specific strength and stiffness, good weathering resistance, is now being extensively employed in civil engineering. However the low transverse shear strength of the composi

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19

Pietralla, N., C. Kremer, T. Beck, et al. "Shell Evolution and E2 Collectivity: New Spectroscopic Information." EPJ Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817802007.

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New spectroscopic information on electric quadrupole collectivity has recently been obtained. We report on our identification of a coexisting deformed structure in the quasi-doubly closed-shell nucleus 96Zr from our measurement of a corresponding absolute E2 intraband transition strength in electron scattering reactions and its small mixing matrix element with the spherical ground state structure. The even-mass zirconium isotopes exhibit a first order quantum shape phase transition between neutron numbers 58 and 60. We have used photon scattering reactions for a first measurement of the E2 dec

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20

Minamisono, T., Y. Nojiri, K. Matsuta, et al. "Electromagnetic moments of the doubly closed shell ±1 nucleon nuclei and on-line nuclear polarization." Hyperfine Interactions 59, no. 1-4 (1990): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02401192.

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21

Biglari, H., and A. A. Jafari. "Static and Free Vibration Analyses of Doubly Curved Composite Sandwich Panels with Soft Core Based on a New Three-Layered Mixed Theory." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 11 (2010): 2332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes2143.

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In this paper, a closed-form solution of static problems and free vibrations of a doubly curved sandwich shell with flexible core based on a newly developed three-layered high-order sandwich panel theory (mixed theory) is presented for the first time. In this theory, displacements and transverse stresses at the interface of the core and face sheets are primary unknowns. Linear distribution of transverse normal and shear stresses through the core thickness is considered in the present model. This model accounts for non-linear distribution of displacements through the core thickness. Hamilton's

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22

Sinatkas, J., L. D. Skouras, D. Strottman та J. D. Vergados. "Shell model calculations in the A=80-100 mass region and study of double β transitions". HNPS Proceedings 1 (18 лютого 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2834.

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The structure of the Ζ,Ν < 50 nuclei is examined in a model space consisting of the 0g9/2, 1p1/2, 1p3/2 and the 0f5/2 hole orbitals outside the doubly closed 100Sn core. The effective interaction for this model space is derived by introducing second order corrections to the Sussex matrix elements, while the one-hole energies are deduced by a least square fit to the observed levels. The results of the calculation are found to be in very satisfactory agreement with experiment for all nuclei with 38<Ζ<46 but for Ζ<38 this agreement begins to deteriorate. Such a feature possibly indica

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23

Arias de Saavedra, F., G. Co', A. Fabrocini, and S. Fantoni. "Model calculations of doubly closed shell nuclei in CBF theory III. jj coupling and isospin dependence." Nuclear Physics A 605, no. 3 (1996): 359–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(96)00218-7.

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24

Minamisono, Tadanori, Shigekazu Fukuda, Takashi Ohtsubo, et al. "Quadrupole moment of the doubly-closed-shell-plus-one-nucleon nucleus 41Sc and its core deformation." Nuclear Physics A 559, no. 2 (1993): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(93)90189-5.

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25

KADREV, D. N., A. N. ANTONOV, M. V. STOITSOV, and S. S. DIMITROVA. "NATURAL ORBITALS AND ELECTRON ELASTIC MAGNETIC SCATTERING BY NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 05, no. 04 (1996): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301396000396.

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Natural orbitals obtained within the coherent density fluctuation model and containing nucleon correlation effects are used to calculate characteristics of the A-nucleon system, such as the electron elastic magnetic scattering form factors. The calculations are performed for nuclei with a doubly-closed core and a valence nucleon in a stretched configuration (j=l+1/2), such as the 17 O and 41 Ca nuclei. It is shown that the calculations of the transverse form factor using natural orbitals improve the agreement with the experimental data in comparison with the case when shell-model single-partic

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26

Hino, M. "Effect of ground-state correlation on the total Gamow-Teller strength of doubly LS closed shell nuclei." Nuclear Physics A 531, no. 2 (1991): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(91)90613-b.

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27

Divari, P., and L. D. Skouras. "Shell model calculations in the A ~ 100 mass region." HNPS Proceedings 6 (February 19, 2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2931.

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The properties of nuclei with 39≤Ζ≤47 and Ν=51-52 are investigated in large scale shell-model calculations. The doubly closed nucleus 100Sn is selected as the reference state and the nuclei under examination are described in terms of proton holes and one up two neutrons outside the inert core. The proton holes are distributed in a model space consisting of the orbitals g9/2, p1/2, p3/2 while f5/2 is sometimes also considerd. Similary the model space for the neutron particles in cludes the orbitals g7/2, d5/2, d3/2, s1/2 and in certain cases h11/2. The effective two-body interaction and the ma

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28

Obeed, Fatema Hameed, та Ali Khalaf Hasan. "Calculation of quadrupole deformation parameter β2 from reduced transition probability B(E2) for 0+1 → 2+1 transitions at even-even 62-68Zn isotopes". Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy 22, № 1 (2021): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2021.01.030.

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In this work the excited energy levels, reduced transition probabilities B(E2)↑, intrinsic quadrupole moments, and deformation parameters have been calculated for 62-68Zn isotopes with neutrons number N = 32, 34, 36 and 38. NuSheIIX code has been applied for all energy states of fp-shell nuclei. Shell-model calculations for the zinc isotopes have been carried out with active particles distributed in the lp3/2, 0f5/2, and lp1/2 orbits outside doubly magic closed 56Ni core nucleus. By using f5p model space and f5pvh interaction, the theoretical results have been obtained and compared with the av

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29

Koseki, Shiro, Takeshi Nakajima, and Azumao Toyota. "Violation of Hund's multiplicity rule in the electronically excited states of conjugated hydrocarbons." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 7 (1985): 1572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-267.

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Violation of Hund's multiplicity rule in the electronically excited states of conjugated hydrocarbons is studied by using the Pariser–Parr–Pople type SCF MO method and the abinitio MO method with STO-3G basis set, both methods being augmented by CI-type treatments. It is shown that for symmetrical structures (D2h) of the nonalternant hydrocarbons, propalene, pentalene, and heptalene, the lowest excited singlet state is energetically lower than the corresponding triplet state. This is mainly due to the spin polarization (SP) effects. For D2h, structures of pentalene and heptalene the open-shell

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30

Tanigaki, M., M. Matsui, M. Mihara, et al. "Precise measurement of the magnetic moment of doubly closed shell ? 1 nucleon nucleus15O(I ?1/2?,T 1/2=122 s)." Hyperfine Interactions 78, no. 1-4 (1993): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00568123.

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31

Minamisono, T., T. Ohtsubo, S. Fukuda, et al. "Precise measurement of the magnetic moment of doubly closed shell + 1 nucleon nucleus17F(I ?=5/2+,T 1/2=64.5 s)." Hyperfine Interactions 78, no. 1-4 (1993): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00568124.

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32

Nhan Hao, T. V., N. Nhu Le, Meng-Hock Koh, et al. "Microscopic optical potential obtained from energy-density-functional approach for neutron–nucleus elastic scattering." International Journal of Modern Physics E 27, no. 06 (2018): 1850052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301318500520.

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Nucleon–nucleus (NA) optical potentials are microscopically generated from a fully self-consistent framework of the particle-vibration coupling (PVC), in which the nucleon–nucleon (NN) effective interaction of the Skyrme type is consistently used to describe the Hartree–Fock (HF) mean-field, the small amplitude collective motions of the target, and the particle-collective states coupling. For the first time, a systematic calculation of low-energy NA elastic scattering off a series of doubly closed-shell nuclei is carried out without ad hoc adjusted parameters. Angular distributions obtained us

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33

Armbruster, P. "On the Production of Superheavy Elements." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 50, no. 1 (2000): 411–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.50.1.411.

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▪ Abstract In the first century of nuclear physics, 31 radioactive elements were added to the periodic system of elements. In 1996, at GSI, element 112 was synthesized by fusion of 70Zn with 208Pb, and its atomic number was established by a decay chain linked to known isotopes. Relativistic mean field calculations of the ground-state stability of nuclei predict the next spherical proton shell not as previously assumed at Z = 114 but at Z = 120 for 304184120. Moreover, a region of spherical nuclei with depleted central density is predicted at N = 172 for 292172120 by mean field calculations. Ne

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34

Liu, Tao, Zhi-Min Li, and Pizhong Qiao. "The closed-form solutions for buckling and postbuckling behaviour of anisotropic shear deformable laminated doubly-curved shells by matching method with the boundary layer of shell buckling." Acta Mechanica 232, no. 8 (2021): 3277–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-021-02952-3.

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35

Divari, P., and L. D. Skouras. "Shell model calculations in the A=90-98 mass region. A study of the N=51. nuclei." HNPS Proceedings 5 (February 19, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2895.

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The properties of nuclei with 39 < Ζ < 47 and N=51 are investigated in large scale shell-model calculations. The doubly closed nucleus 100Sn is selected as the reference state and the nuclei under examination are described in terms of proton holes and a single neutron outside the inert core. The proton holes are distributed in a model space consisting of the orbitals g9/2, p1/2, p3/2 while f5/2 is sometimes also considerd. Similary the model space for the single neutron includes the orbitals g7/2, d5/2, d3/2, s1/2 and in certain cases h11/2. The effective two-body interaction and the mat

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36

Yılmaz, Tolga. "LTBWTB: A Mathematica Software to Evaluate the Lateral-Torsional Buckling Load of Web-Tapered Mono-Symmetric I-Section Beams." Applied Sciences 15, no. 13 (2025): 7572. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137572.

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Web-tapered beams with I-sections, which are aesthetic and structurally efficient, have been widely used in steel structures. Web-tapered I-section beams bent about the strong axis may undergo out-of-plane buckling through lateral deflection and twisting. This primary stability failure mode in slender beams is known as lateral-torsional buckling (LTB). Unlike prismatic I-beams, the complex mode shape of web-tapered I-section beams makes it challenging or even impossible to derive a closed-form expression for the LTB load under certain transverse loading conditions. Therefore, the LTB assessmen

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37

Singh, Jaswinder, Yuekui Wang, and Gerhard Raabe. "Quantum-Chemical ab initio Calculations on the Three Isomers of Diborabenzene (C4H4B2)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 65, no. 1-2 (2010): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2010-1-213.

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AbstractQuantum-chemical ab initio calculations up to the ZPE+CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//MP2/6- 311++G** level were performed on three possible structural isomers of diborabenzene (C4H4B2). All three molecules were found to be local minima on the C4H4B2 energy surface and to have closed shell singlet ground states. While the ground states of the 1,3- and 1,4-isomer are planar and of C2v and D2h symmetry, respectively, 1,2-diborabenzene is non-planar with a C2 axis passing through the center of the BB bond and the middle of the opposite carbon-carbon bond as the only symmetry element. The energetical

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38

Zhang, Zhi-fan, Fu-ren Ming, and A.-man Zhang. "Damage Characteristics of Coated Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Underwater Contact Explosion." Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/763607.

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It is of great significance for the protective design of submarine to study the influences of coverings on the damage characteristics of single and double cylindrical shells subjected to underwater contact explosions. The SPH models of single and double cylindrical shells coated with foam silicone rubber are established to analyze shockwave propagation, damage characteristics, and elastoplastic responses, which provides reasonable parameters of covering position and thickness. The results can be concluded as follows: the superposition of multiple waves may cause the inhomogeneity and discontin

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39

Darmon, Alexandre, Michael Benzaquen, David Seč, Simon Čopar, Olivier Dauchot, and Teresa Lopez-Leon. "Waltzing route toward double-helix formation in cholesteric shells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 34 (2016): 9469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525059113.

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Liquid crystals, when confined to a spherical shell, offer fascinating possibilities for producing artificial mesoscopic atoms, which could then self-assemble into materials structured at a nanoscale, such as photonic crystals or metamaterials. The spherical curvature of the shell imposes topological constraints in the molecular ordering of the liquid crystal, resulting in the formation of defects. Controlling the number of defects, that is, the shell valency, and their positions, is a key success factor for the realization of those materials. Liquid crystals with helical cholesteric order off

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40

MARTÍNEZ VALLE, J. M., M. D. REDEL MACÍAS, and A. CUBERO ATIENZA. "STUDY OF THE VIBRATIONS OF MODERATELY THICK DOUBLY CURVED SHELLS VIA EFFICIENT 3D ELEMENTS." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 46, no. 2 (2016): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2016.328.

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In this work, we propose a modified version of the classical 20 nodes serendipity element for the dynamic analysis of doubly curved shells. Instead of using the classical strain displacements relations, we propose to formulate the strain displacements relations in a general curvilinear coordinates. The main goal of the work is putting forward a 3D element, valid for general shell structures, which provides some desirable features like avoidance of locking and zero energy modes with decreasing thickness and good behaviour in dynamic analysis. Until now, most works are usually referred to shallo

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41

Kheifets, Anatoli S. "Shake-Off Process in Non-Sequential Single-Photon Double Ionization of Closed-Shell Atomic Targets." Atoms 10, no. 3 (2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms10030089.

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Amusia and Kheifets in 1984 introduced a Green’s function formalism to describe the effect of many-electron correlation on the ionization spectra of atoms. Here, we exploit this formalism to model the shake-off (SO) process, leading to the non-sequential single-photon two-electron ionization (double photoionization—DPI) of closed-shell atomic targets. We separate the SO process from another knock-out (KO) mechanism of DPI and show the SO prevalence away from the DPI threshold. We use this kinematic regime to validate our model by making a comparison with more elaborate techniques, such as conv

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42

Mikheev, V. A., V. A. Tarasov, M. M. Baranova, T. Yu Klimova, T. S. Sargaeva, and D. I. Vorobiev. "TRANSFORMATION OF THE SHAPE FORMATION SCHEME BY COVERING ON THE PRINCIPLES OF SYMMETRY." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 26, no. 1 (2024): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2024-26-1-53-62.

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We assume that the concept of symmetry plays an important role in improving the theory and practice of the forming process by covering load-bearing thin-sheet shells of double curvature, which guarantees the production of contour-forming parts of the skin of modern aircraft with an exact geometric shape and minimal variation in thickness. To understand our assumption, it is necessary to remember that the complexity of the theory of plastic shells lies in the geometric and physical nonlinearity and the need to take into account shear stresses and deformations along the surface of the shell and

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43

Barber, Robert C., Heinz W. Gäggeler, Paul J. Karol, Hiromichi Nakahara, Emanuele Vardaci, and Erich Vogt. "Discovery of the element with atomic number 112 (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 7 (2022): 1331–43. https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-08-03-05.

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The IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) on the priority of claims to the discovery of new elements has reviewed the relevant literature pertaining to several claims. In accordance with the criteria for the discovery of elements previously established by the 1992 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG), and reiterated by the 1999 and 2003 IUPAC/IUPAP JWPs, it was determined that the 1996 and 2002 claims by the Hofmann et al. research collaborations for the discovery of the element with atomic number 112 at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) share in the fulfillment of those

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44

Föhl, K., R. Bilger, H. Clement, et al. "Pionic Double Charge Exchange onN=ZDoubly Closed Shell Nuclei." Physical Review Letters 79, no. 20 (1997): 3849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.79.3849.

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Lu, Sheng-Jie. "Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations of TaSi16−/0 clusters: global minimum fullerene-like cage structure, bonding and superatom properties." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 11 (2021): 5266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj00214g.

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Lee, Timothy J., and Julia E. Rice. "An efficient closed-shell singles and doubles coupled-cluster method." Chemical Physics Letters 150, no. 6 (1988): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(88)80427-5.

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Daneshjou, K., R. Talebitooti, and A. Tarkashvand. "Investigation on sound transmission through thick-wall cylindrical shells using 3D- theory of elasticity in the presence of external and mean air-gap flow." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 5 (2016): 975–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316655723.

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This paper studies the effects of an external mean flow and an internal air-gap mean flow on sound transmission through a double-wall thick cylindrical shell. Due to the major influence of some effective terms such as membrane, bending, transverse shearing and rotational inertia on thick-walled shell, three-dimensional theory of elasticity is used to obtain the governing equations of motion. Therefore, Newton’s second law is utilized to develop the equilibrium equations for an infinitesimal element in cylindrical coordinates. Then, the equations of motion related to the circular hollow cylinde

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Machado, Francisco B. C., Adélia J. A. Aquino, and Hans Lischka. "The electronic states of a double carbon vacancy defect in pyrene: a model study for graphene." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 19 (2015): 12778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp05751a.

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Lindl, J. D., and J. W.-K. Mark. "Recent Livermore estimates on the energy gain of cryogenic single-shell ion beam targets." Laser and Particle Beams 3, no. 1 (1985): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600001245.

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Our recent estimates are that the energy-gains for cryogenic single-shell targets are close to those of similar double-shelled targets. However, the peak-power requirements for single-shell targets are still about a factor of two higher.

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Li, Renfu, and George A. Kardomateas. "Thermal Buckling of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Nonlocal Elasticity." Journal of Applied Mechanics 74, no. 3 (2006): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2200656.

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The small internal length scales of nanomaterials/nano-devices may call the direct application of classical continuum models into question. In this research, a nonlocal elastic shell model, which takes the small scale effects into account, is developed to study the thermal buckling behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes are considered as concentric thin shells coupled with the van der Waals forces between adjacent nanotubes. Closed form solutions are formulated for two types of thermal buckling of a double-walled carbon nanotube: Radial thermal buckling (a

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