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Journal articles on the topic 'Douglas fir. Seedlings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Livingston, N. J., and T. A. Black. "Water stress and survival of three species of conifer seedlings planted on a high elevation south-facing clear-cut." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 9 (1987): 1115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-170.

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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) container-grown 1-0 seedlings were spring planted on a south-facing high elevation clear-cut located on Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Treatments, which included inclining seedlings to the southwest, provision of shade cards, irrigation, and irrigation and shade cards combined, were applied to determine whether modification of seedling microclimate would increase survival. Highest survival rates, regardless of treatme

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2

Simpson, David G., and Alan Vyse. "Planting stock performance: Site and RGP effects." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 6 (1995): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71739-6.

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Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca (Beissn.) Franco], interior spruce [Picea glauca Moench (Voss), Picea engelmannii (Parry) and their naturally occurring hybrids] and lodge-pole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) seedlings were planted on several forest sites in south central British Columbia. At planting, root growth potential (number of newly elongated roots longer than 10 mm per seedling) was determined. Trees were assessed for survival and height for at least five years. Survival of Douglas-fir and growth of all three species was affected by planting site, probably reflecting moistur

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3

Chanway, C. P., and F. B. Holl. "Influence of soil biota on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedling growth: the role of rhizosphere bacteria." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 5 (1992): 1025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-127.

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The influence of soil biota on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling growth was investigated by sowing seed collected from two ecologically distinct zones in British Columbia, Chilliwack and Williams Lake, in soil collected from the same two areas. Seedling biomass of both Douglas-fir ecotypes was greatest in unpasteurized soil collected from the same area as was the seed, but pasteurization negated this effect. In addition, Chilliwack seedlings responded specifically to biota present only in Chilliwack soil. To determine if rhizosphere bacteria were involved in these gro

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4

Chanway, C. P., and F. B. Holl. "Ecological growth response specificity of two Douglas-fir ecotypes inoculated with coexistent beneficial rhizosphere bacteria." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 5 (1994): 582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-077.

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The influence of inoculation with rhizosphere bacteria on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling emergence in a controlled environment and on survival and growth in the field was investigated. Seed or seedlings of interior and coastal Douglas-fir ecotypes originating from the vicinity of Williams Lake and Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada, respectively, were inoculated with two strains of rhizosphere bacteria, Arthrobacter oxydans strain N74 and Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain K23. These strains were previously isolated from naturally regenerating Douglas-fir seedlings

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5

Cline, E., B. Vinyard, and R. Edmonds. "Spatial effects of retention trees on mycorrhizas and biomass of Douglas-fir seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 2 (2007): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-229.

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Retention forestry places seedlings in proximity to residual trees, exposing seedlings to additional sources of ectomycorrhizal fungus (EMF) inoculum. To investigate this, Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were planted near (2–6 m) and far (16–30 m) from 44- to 72-year-old residual Douglas-fir trees in western Washington, USA. From 1998 through 2000, seedling shoot and root biomass was assessed and EMF taxa were identified using morphology and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Seedlings near residual trees had si

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6

Hung, Ling-Ling L., and Randy Molina. "Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata in forestry. III. Effects of commercially produced inoculum on container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 4 (1986): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-142.

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Inoculation of container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings with vegetative inoculum of Laccarialaccata (Scop.:Fr.) Berk. & Br., prepared by Sylvan Spawn Laboratory, yielded ectomycorrhizae in a research greenhouse experiment; however, in two container nurseries, ectomycorrhizae were observed only on inoculated Douglas-fir seedlings. Successfully colonized seedlings had more short roots than did the controls. The percentage of L. laccata ectomycorrhizae increased with increasing inoculation rates. Inoculation rate for best seedling growth and ectomycorrhiza formation differed b

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7

Minore, Don. "Effects of sowing depth on emergence and growth of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and noble fir seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (1985): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-150.

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The effects of sowing depth of seeds of several western forest tree species were studied in greenhouse experiments. Emergence and seedling weight of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) were reduced by sowing seeds in soil at depths greater than 1 cm. Deep sowing in a peat–vermiculite mixture also reduced the emergence of Douglas-fir and western hemlock, but increased the hypocotyl diameters and weights of Douglas-fir seedlings.

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8

Hobbs, S. D., S. G. Stafford, and R. L. Slagle. "Undercutting conifer seedlings: effect on morphology and field performance on droughty sites." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 1 (1987): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-008.

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Bareroot 2-0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings were subjected to five undercutting treatments, which varied by number and depth of undercut and seedling phenology at time of treatment, so that morphological characteristics at lifting and field performance 4 years after planting on droughty south slopes in southwest Oregon could be evaluated. All undercutting treatments significantly reduced seedling top growth, but changes in root system morphology depended upon treatment severity and species. Treatment effects were

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9

Vyse, Alan, Christine Ferguson, Suzanne W. Simard, Tamaki Kano, and Pasi Puttonen. "Growth of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and ponderosa pine seedlings underplanted in a partially-cut, dry Douglas-fir stand in south-central British Columbia." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 5 (2006): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82723-5.

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The effects of partial cutting on seedling growth of three conifer species were studied at a very dry, hot interior Douglas-fir site near Kamloops, British Columbia. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. P. & C. Laws.) seedlings were planted in mechanically prepared 50 cm × 50 cm patches under different canopy conditions created by harvesting 60% of the original stand volume. The prepared areas were selected to represent canopy closures from ope

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10

Livingston, N. J., and T. A. Black. "The growth and water use of three species of conifer seedlings planted on a high-elevation south-facing clearcut." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 10 (1988): 1234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-190.

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Container-grown 1-0 seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) were spring planted on a south-facing high-elevation clearcut located on Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and their growth and development was measured over three successive growing seasons. Treatments designed to modify seedling microclimate, including provision of shade cards, irrigation, and irrigation and shade cards combined, had a marked effect on the extent and type of growth in a

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11

Lavender, Denis P., and Susan G. Stafford. "Douglas-fir seedlings: some factors affecting chilling requirement, bud activity, and new foliage production." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 2 (1985): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-050.

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Potted 2-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were exposed to a range of natural and artificial environments during the fall and winter prior to a 9-week period in an environment designed to permit active shoot growth. Seedling response demonstrated (i) that exposure to a period of short (9 h), mild (20 °C) days prepared seedlings for the beneficial effects of subsequent "chilling" (4.4 °C) temperatures and (ii) that the physiology of dormancy of Douglas-fir seedlings may be adversely affected by environments that differ markedly from those prevailing in the Pac

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12

Duryea, Mary L., and Steven K. Omi. "Top pruning Douglas-fir seedlings: morphology, physiology, and field performance." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 11 (1987): 1371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-212.

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Seedlings from nine Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed sources were top pruned at six nurseries in the Pacific Northwest and then planted at field sites in their own seed zones and on one common site. Seedlings pruned tall (25 cm) and early in the growing season flushed again about 5 weeks after pruning and set bud 2 weeks later than unpruned controls. Nursery yield (number of shippable seedlings) was the same for tall–early pruned and control seedlings; however, pruning increased the number of seedlings with multiple leaders from 10 to 38%. Pruned seedlings were smaller th

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13

McCreary, Douglas D., and Joe B. Zaerr. "Root respiration has limited value for assessing Douglas-fir seedling quality." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 9 (1987): 1144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-175.

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Root damage is a principal cause of poor seedling quality. Currently, the most widely used seedling-quality test measures a seedling's ability to initiate and elongate roots in a favorable environment; however, this test requires a lengthy response period and tedious, time-consuming measurements. Alternatively, the respiration rate of roots could be measured much more quickly and easily. Results of this study, which examined whether root respiration could successfully predict the survival and growth of potted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings in a growth room, indicat

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14

Leininger, Wayne C., and Steven H. Sharrow. "Seasonal Browsing of Douglas-Fir Seedlings by Sheep." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 3 (1989): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/4.3.73.

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Abstract Controlled sheep grazing is being prescribed in the United States and elsewhere for the biological control of unwanted vegetation in regenerating conifer plantations. Efficient use of livestock to control brush and herbaceous species requires a thorough understanding of the potential for damage to the tree crop by the grazing animal. Sheep browsing and mechanical damage to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings were evaluated in 1981 and 1982 in the Coast Range of Oregon. Sheep browsing of Douglas-fir was greatest in May, soon after bud break. Little browsing generally occurred

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15

Owston, Peyton W., Walter G. Thies, and William Fender. "Field performance of Douglas-fir seedlings after treatment with fungicides." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 6 (1986): 1369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-242.

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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings grown in containers with pasteurized or nonpasteurized potting mixture and treated with benomyl, captan, fenaminosulf, or ethazol, or left untreated were outplanted in the Cascade Range of western Oregon. The seedlings from all treatments appeared to have been in similar condition at time of planting, so neither nursery managers nor silviculturists would have suspected effects of the treatments to carry over to field performance. After 7 years, however, seedlings grown in pasteurized potting medium survived better than those grown in

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16

Roberts, Dane R., Peter Toivonen, and Stephanie M. McInnis. "Discrete proteins associated with overwintering of interior spruce and Douglas-fir seedlings." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 3 (1991): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-060.

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Seasonal protein changes were followed in seedlings of interior spruce (a mixture of Picea glauca and P. englemannii) and Douglas-fir (Pseudostuga menziesii) by sodium dodecylsulfate – polyacrylimide gel electrophoresis. A 30-kDa protein in seedlings of Douglas-fir and a 30- and 27-kDa protein in interior spruce that were not detected in the late summer accumulated in seedling tissues during the fall. These proteins remained present throughout the winter but declined rapidly in seedlings during the initial flush of spring growth. There was an increase in the total protein content of interior s

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17

Fried, Jeremy S., John C. Tappeiner II, and David E. Hibbs. "Bigleaf maple seedling establishment and early growth in Douglas-fir forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 10 (1988): 1226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-189.

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Survival, age and height distributions, and stocking of bigleaf maple (Acermacrophyllum Pursh) seedlings were studied in 1- to 250-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands in western Oregon to identify the stages in stand development in which bigleaf maple is most likely to establish successfully from seed. Maple seedling emergence averaged 30–40% where seeds were planted and protected from rodents but was typically <2% for unprotected seeds. Seedling survival after 2 years was highly dependent on canopy density, measured by percent sky. Average 1st-year survival of

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18

Burney, Owen, Michael G. Wing, and Robin Rose. "Microsite Influences on Variability in Douglas-Fir Seedling Development." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 3 (2007): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.3.156.

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Abstract We examined the microsite characteristics of 6,048 Douglas-fir seedlings at three regeneration sites in Washington state. Our objective was to determine the microsite characteristics that were most influential on seedling growth change over time. We analyzed microsite influences both individually and in concert with one another through regression-based techniques. Microsite parameters included soil impedance, topographic, and physical parameter measurements that were recorded at each seedling's location. Akaike's information criterion (AIC) was used to determine combinations of micros

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19

Cole, Elizabeth, and Michael Newton. "Tenth-year survival and size of underplanted seedlings in the Oregon Coast Range." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 3 (2009): 580–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-198.

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This study initiated a two-aged forest stand structure by underplanting 50-year-old stands, primarily of Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) and Douglas-fir – western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), thinned to 19–33 m2/ha on interior and coastal sites in the Oregon Coast Range. Douglas-fir, grand fir ( Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.) (interior site only), western hemlock, and western redcedar ( Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) were planted following thinning either uniformly or in gaps of 0.06 or 0.1 ha. Understory vegetation treatments included

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20

Friend, Alexander L., Marvin R. Eide, and Thomas M. Hinckley. "Nitrogen stress alters root proliferation in Douglas-fir seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 9 (1990): 1524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-202.

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The proliferation of roots in soil microenvironments was studied to gain an understanding of how nitrogen (N) stress affects root growth. By placing one major lateral root (<10% of the root system) of a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling into a small pot (microenvironment) and the remaining roots into a large pot, it was possible to manipulate the growth of a small part of the root system while having only minor effects on the growth of the entire seedling. Nitrogen stress was successfully induced by large-pot treatments and resulted in greatly decreased foliage grow

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21

Brandeis, Thomas J., Michael Newton, and Elizabeth C. Cole. "Underplanted conifer seedling survival and growth in thinned Douglas-fir stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 2 (2001): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-174.

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In a multilevel study to determine limits to underplanted conifer seedling growth, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.), western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings were planted beneath second-growth Douglas-fir stands that had been thinned to basal areas ranging from 16 to 31 m2/ha. Understory vegetation was treated with a broadcast herbicide application prior to thinning, a directed release herbicide application 2 years later, or no treatment beyond harvest

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22

Hessburg, P. F., and E. M. Hansen. "Mechanisms of intertree transmission of Ceratocystiswageneri in young Douglas-fir." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 6 (1986): 1250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-221.

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Root-feeding insects are known to vector black-stain root disease in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Intertree spread through root grafts and limited growth through soil is demonstrated as well. In potted seedling experiments, contact between roots of inoculated and healthy seedlings was either allowed or prevented. Transmission occurred in both treatments but was significantly more frequent (P = 0.01) when intertree root contact was allowed. In the root-contact treatment, 67% of the receptor seedlings died as a result of successful transmission. In the noncontact treatment,

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23

Minore, Don, and Howard G. Weatherly. "Effects of Site Preparation on Douglas-Fir Seedling Growth and Survival." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 2 (1990): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/5.2.49.

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Abstract The effects of five yarding-slash treatment combinations on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) growth and survival were compared by obtaining seedling heights, potential seedling heights, survival percentages, soil-penetration resistances, and the occurrence of visible soil-humus for 149 progeny-test plantations in western Oregon. Survival was not improved by mechanical site preparation, and seedlings grown on the compacted, low-humus soils associated with piling slash off site did not grow as tall during their first 5 years as seedlings growing on similar sites where slash had been

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24

Reely, Jacob A., and Andrew S. Nelson. "Root Growth Potential and Microsite Effects on Conifer Seedling Establishment in Northern Idaho." Forests 12, no. 5 (2021): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12050597.

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Environmental conditions and seedling quality interact to produce complex patterns of seedling survival and growth. Root growth potential (RGP) is one metric of seedling quality that can be rapidly measured prior to planting, but the correlation of RGP and seedling performance is not consistent across studies. Site factors including microsite objects that cast shade and competing vegetation can also influence seedling performance. We examined the effects of RGP, presence/absence of a microsite object, and competition cover on the survival and growth of three native conifers to the Inland North

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25

Tung, Chao-Hsiung, Luci Wisniewski, and David R. DeYoe. "Effects of prolonged cold storage on phenology and performance of Douglas-fir and noble fir 2 + 0 seedlings from high-elevation sources." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 3 (1986): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-084.

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Survival, phenology, and growth performance of 2 + 0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) seedlings planted at 1500 m in the Oregon Cascade Range were determined following a lifting on November 7 with 7 months of cold storage or lifting on March 1 with 3 months of cold storage. Storage temperature remained between 1 and 2 °C. There was no difference in Douglas-fir survival attributable to the lifting – cold-storage treatments during the first two growing seasons. The first-season survival of noble fir stored for 7 months was superior to that of t

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26

Hessburg, Paul F., and Everett M. Hansen. "Infection of Douglas-fir by Leptographium wageneri." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 10 (2000): 1254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-097.

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In three related experiments, root systems of 2-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were dip-inoculated with a viscous blend of Leptographium wageneri var. pseudotsugae Harrington and Cobb spores and hyphal fragments and planted in a sterile potting medium. Infection frequency and points of entry were evaluated for dormant seedlings and seedlings that had been active for 4 and 8 weeks. All putative black stain infections and other areas of sapwood discoloration were free-hand sectioned and examined with a bright-field microscope and phase-contrast optics. This

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27

Lavadinovic, Vera, Vukan Lavadinovic, and Ilija Djordjevic. "Variability of seedlings of Douglas-fir provenances introduced from Canada." Genetika 47, no. 3 (2015): 1079–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1503079l.

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Introduction of Canadian provenances of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mir / Franco) in Serbia started with the first phase of testing their genetic potential by studying the effects of geographic characteristics of the locations from which the provenances originated (latitude, longitude and altitude) on the variability of the measured seedling properties. In the laboratory of the Institute for Forestry in Belgrade, germinability of Douglas-fir seeds was tested on the germination table ("Copenhagen table" or "Jakobson table") by the standards of ISTA. The analysis of variance and the regre

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28

Harper, G. J., P. G. Comeau, and B. S. Biring. "A Comparison of Herbicide and Mulch Mat Treatments for Reducing Grass, Herb, and Shrub Competition in the BC Interior Douglas-Fir Zone—Ten-Year Results." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 3 (2005): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/20.3.167.

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Abstract We present results from a study established in 1993 in the Interior Douglas-fir biogeoclimatic zone of southwestern British Columbia to test the effectiveness of several herbicide and mulch mat treatments for reducing grass, herbaceous, and shrub competition. The effectiveness of the preplant herbicide applications of hexazinone (Velpar L) at 2.1 kg ai/ha, glyphosate (Vision) at 2.1 and 1.0 kg ai/ha, and the installation of plastic mulch mats (Tredegar 90 × 90-cm mats) for controlling competing vegetation, improving seedling growth and survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (M

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Castellano, Michael A., and James M. Trappe. "Ectomycorrhizal formation and plantation performance of Douglas-fir nursery stock inoculated with Rhizopogon spores." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 4 (1985): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-100.

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Basidiospores of seven species of hypogeous, ectomycorrhizal fungi were inoculated on four conifer species in a bare-root nursery. Inoculation with either Rhizopogonvinicolor Smith or Rhizopogoncolossus Smith succeeded with two provenances of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco). For R. vinicolor, the high spore-application rate produced the most mycorrhizae on the greatest number of seedlings. For R. colossus, the high spore-application rate produced the most mycorrhizae on the greatest number of seedlings of seed source 062, whereas the medium rate did better with seed source 25

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30

Krasowski, M. J., and J. N. Owens. "Development of the crown (nodal diaphragm) in coastal Douglas-fir seedlings." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 8 (1989): 2473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-317.

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Crown development of coastal Douglas-fir seedlings was studied in 2 consecutive years, compared between seedling lots from low and high elevation grown under containerized-nursery conditions, and related to bud development. Differentiation of the crown began after bud-scale initiation had been completed in seedlings from both elevations. Bud development in high elevation seedlings preceded that of low elevation seedlings by about 2 weeks. The thickening of the cell walls was not strictly related to the completion of embryonic shoot formation, particularly in seedlings from the low elevation so

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31

Jones, Michael Hunt. "Do Shade and Shrubs Enhance Natural Regeneration of Douglas-Fir in South-Central Idaho?" Western Journal of Applied Forestry 10, no. 1 (1995): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/10.1.24.

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Abstract Shade duration and shrub composition in microsites with naturally regenerated Douglas-fir seedlings (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) were compared to randomly located control plots without seedlings in hot, dry group selection cuts in the southernmost Boise National Forest. Shade duration was estimated using a sighting device which allowed quantification of the degrees of the sun's arc intercepted by timber, shrubs, or other obstructions. Measurements were standardized for the median date for summer high temperatures. Seedlings received more whole-day (P<0.001) and afternoon (P&

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32

Hart, V., M. Nentvichová-Hartová, and P. Tauchman. "Analysis of herbicide effects on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) natural regeneration." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 5 (2010): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2009-jfs.

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Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) natural regeneration under parent stand after weed suppression was investigated in the area of the Training Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Čern&yacute;mi lesy. The study evaluates two measurements made in a two-year interval. The parent stand, where Douglas fir grows in mixture with our domestic tree species, is one of the oldest and most productive stands at the Training Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Čern&yacute;mi lesy. Herbicides for the control of weeds were applied onto three permanent experimental plots under the parent st

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33

Mailly, D., and J. P. Kimmins. "Growth ofPseudotsuga menziesiiandTsuga heterophyllaseedlings along a light gradient: resource allocation and morphological acclimation." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 9 (1997): 1424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-857.

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Silvicultural alternatives that differ in the degree of overstory removal may create shady environments that will be problematic for the regeneration of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Gradients of light in the field were used to compare mortality, growth, and leaf morphological acclimation of two conifer species of contrasting shade tolerances: Douglas-fir and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.). Results after two growing seasons indicated that Douglas-fir mortality occurred mainly at relative light intensity (RLI) below 20%, while western hemlock mortality w

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34

Lavadinovic, Vera, Vukan Lavadinovic, Zoran Poduska, and Ilija Djordjevic. "Correlation between seedling length and Canadian Douglas-fir height." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 4 (2015): 1251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs150323101l.

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This paper presents the results of the studies of Douglas-fir seeds from Canada aimed at understanding and controlling the processes of the genetic growth potential of Douglas-fir in Serbia. The research was focused on the early stage of Douglas-fir growth, i.e. at the stage of seed germination in the laboratory. We tested the correlation between seed germination, seedling length and the height of plants in the nursery. The seeds from 13 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) localities were obtained from Canada and compared under laboratory and nursery conditions. The seeds from d

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Weiland, Jerry E., Bryan R. Beck, and Anne Davis. "Pathogenicity and Virulence of Pythium Species Obtained from Forest Nursery Soils on Douglas-Fir Seedlings." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (2013): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-12-0895-re.

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Pythium species are common soilborne oomycetes that occur in forest nursery soils throughout the United States. Numerous species have been described from nursery soils. However, with the exception of P. aphanidermatum, P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum, little is known about the potential for other Pythium species found in nursery soils to cause damping-off of tree seedlings. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of 44 Pythium isolates representing 16 species that were originally recovered from soil at three forest nurseries in Washington and O

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Radwan, M. A. "Effect of forest floor on growth and nutrition of Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings with and without fertilizer." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 9 (1992): 1222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-163.

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Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of four different forest soils on growth and shoot nutrients of potted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings, in absence and in presence of forest floor, and with and without N and P fertilizers. Nine-month-old seedlings from low-elevation seed sources were used, and seedlings were grown for 2 years in a roofed lathhouse. Soils were of the Klone, Vesta, Bunker, and Shelton series; Klone and Vesta soils, and Bunker and Shelton soils, were collected from western hemlock

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Tesch, Steven D., and Stephen D. Hobbs. "Impact of Shrub Sprout Competition on Douglas-fir Seedling Development." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 3 (1989): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/4.3.89.

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Abstract In 1983, 1-0 container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings were planted on a site subject to summer drought under three levels of sprout competition from greenleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula) and canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis). Seedlings were planted with 0.25-m-tall dead sprouts, mature shrubs slashed just before planting, or 1-m tall sprouts, which represent an increasing order of competition. After 3 years, Douglas-fir survival did not differ significantly among levels of competition. However, percentage cover of competing shrubs was negatively correlat

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Rose, R., D. L. Haase, F. Kroiher, and T. Sabin. "Root Volume and Growth of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-Fir Seedlings: A Summary of Eight Growing Seasons." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 3 (1997): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.3.69.

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Abstract This is the final summary of two studies on the relationship between root volume and seedling growth; early results were published previously. Survival, growth, and stem volume were determined for 2+0 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings after 8 growing seasons. For each species, seedlings from three seedlots were assigned to one of three root-volume categories [<4.5 cm3 (RV1), 4.5-7 cm3 (RV2), and >7 cm3 (RV3) for ponderosa pine; <9 cm3 (RV1), 9-13 cm3 (RV2), and >13 cm3 (RV3) for Douglas-fir]. On a dry harsh ponderosa pine si

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Anastasijevic, Nebojsa, Mirjana Ocokoljic, and Vesna Vratusa. "Properties and variability of douglas-fir seedlings -Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco-." Genetika 37, no. 2 (2005): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0502113a.

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Based on the comparative morphophysiological analysis of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings, three half-sib lines from Quercetum farneto-cerris s.l. site, and three half-sib lines from Saliceto-Populeturn s.l. site, the data on seedling characteristics and variability of this cultivated species are discussed. The paper also ascertains the variability of seedling properties that affect mother tree selection and production technology of plant material of desired characteristics for the application in forestry and landscape architecture and horticulture.

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Tung, Chao-Hsiung, Jim Batdorff, and David R. DeYoe. "Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir Seedlings with Spot-Spraying, Mulching and Root-Dipping." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 1, no. 4 (1986): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/1.4.108.

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Abstract Two vegetation management methods, paper mulching and spot-spraying with glyphosate, were combined with a root-dipping treatment, Terra Sorb®, to test effects on seedling survival and height growth on a harsh site in Oregon. Survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings was significantly higher after the third growing season when competing vegetation had been controlled with mulch or glyphosate during the first two growing seasons. Seedlings retreated with paper mulch and glyphosate before the second growing season had 36 and 25% higher survival than those that were not re

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Margolis, H. A., and R. H. Waring. "Carbon and nitrogen allocation patterns of Douglas-fir seedlings fertilized with nitrogen in autumn. II. Field performance." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 5 (1986): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-161.

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October-fertilized and unfertilized 2-0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were outplanted the following February. Half of each planting block was seeded with grass to induce water stress during the typical summer drought. Sucrose was applied to soil around each seedling to limit availability of nitrogen to tree roots. Fertilized seedlings broke bud 9–10 days earlier, produced more shoot growth, and, as shown in later harvests, had higher relative growth rates than unfertilized seedlings. However, initial differences in growth response were due primarily to the earlier

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Amaranthus, M. P., C. Y. Li, and D. A. Perry. "Influence of vegetation type and madrone soil inoculum on associative nitrogen fixation in Douglas-fir rhizospheres." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 3 (1990): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-054.

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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings grown on a site cleared of whiteleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylosviscida Parry) and an adjacent, cleared, annual grass meadow were either inoculated with 100–120 mL per seedling of pasteurized or unpasteurized soil from a nearby Pacific madrone (Arbutusmenziesii Pursh) stand or left uninoculated. After one growing season, Douglas-fir seedling whole-plant soil systems were assayed for nitrogenase activity by the acetylene reduction method. The rate of acetylene reduction in rhizospheres of uninoculated seedlings from the manzanita site (1

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Randall, William, and G. R. Johnson. "The Impact of Environment and Nursery on Survival and Early Growth of Douglas-fir, Noble Fir, and White Pine--A Case Study." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 4 (1998): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/13.4.137.

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Abstract Survival and third-year height were examined on 2,383 reforestation units from 1983 to 1994 to determine which factors impact reforestation success. Survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) varied by as much as 20% from year to year. The most significant factor affecting reforestation success was the nursery that provided the seedlings. Nursery impacted both survival and height of Douglas-fir and impacted height for noble fir (Abies procera) and white pine (Pinus monticola). No nursery was best for all species. Other factors that were important for all three species were the ad

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Hagerman, Shannon M., and Daniel M. Durall. "Ectomycorrhizal colonization of greenhouse-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings by inoculum associated with the roots of refuge plants sampled from a Douglas-fir forest in the southern interior of British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 6 (2004): 742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-047.

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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse in a sterilized mixture of forest soil and vermiculite, which had been inoculated with root fragments from one of six different ectomycorrhizal under story plant species (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng, P. menziessi, Salix bebbiana Bebb, Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata (Regel) Ä. Löve & and D. Löve (alder), Betula papyrifera Marsh. (paper birch), Populus tremuloides Michx.) and arbuscular mycorrhizal Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. (pinegrass) sampled from a dry Douglas-fir forest in the southern int

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Brozek, Stanislaw. "Effect of soil changes caused by red alder (Alnusrubra) on biomass and nutrient status of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii) seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 9 (1990): 1320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-175.

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The effect of soil changes caused by red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) on the biomass and nutrition of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings was determined by comparing two adjacent plots of seedlings planted on former Douglas-fir and red alder sites. The seedlings grown on the former red alder site showed a 65% biomass increase in current twigs, 41% increase in older twigs, and 45% increase in stems. Foliage and roots were not significantly affected. The seedlings also developed shallower but wider root systems than those on the site formerly occupied by Douglas-fir. The seed

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Harrington, Timothy B. "Five-year growth responses of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and western redcedar seedlings to manipulated levels of overstory and understory competition." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 10 (2006): 2439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-139.

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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) seedlings were planted in March 2001 within three clearcut-harvested, shelterwood, or thinned stands of mature Douglas-fir near Olympia, Washington. From 2002 to 2005, areas of vegetation control of 0, 4.5, or 9 m2 were maintained with herbicides around a total 162 seedlings per species. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was 34%, 62%, and 100% of full sunlight in thinned stands, shelterwoods, and clearcuts, respectively. Effects of o

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Runde, Douglas E., Dale L. Nolte, Wendy M. Arjo, and William C. Pitt. "Efficacy of Individual Barriers to Prevent Damage to Douglas-Fir Seedlings by Captive Mountain Beavers." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 23, no. 2 (2008): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/23.2.99.

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Abstract We tested the ability of individual tree seedling protectors to deter mountain beavers from damaging Douglas-fir seedlings. Using captive mountain beavers in field pens, we tested 20 products representative of a wide range of barriers suitable for protecting individual tree seedlings from rodent damage. Eleven products protected 95% or more of seedlings from damage. Tree shelters and fabric shelters provided the most protection; 98 and 95% of seedlings were undamaged, respectively. Rigid mesh protector tubes protected 81% of seedlings, and protection netting protected 55% of seedlings

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Davidson, J. M., M. Garbelotto, S. T. Koike, and D. M. Rizzo. "First Report of Phytophthora ramorum on Douglas-Fir in California." Plant Disease 86, no. 11 (2002): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.11.1274b.

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Phytophthora ramorum S. Werres & A.W.A.M. de Cock was isolated from three Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) saplings in a mixedevergreen forest in Sonoma County, California. Symptoms on these saplings included cankers on small branches (0.5 to 1 cm in diameter) resulting in wilting of new shoots, dieback of branches, and loss of leaves as much as 15 cm from the twig tip. Symptoms were observed on most saplings growing in the same area. On several smaller saplings (<1 m tall), P. ramorum infection resulted in the death of the leader and the top several whorls of branches. Isolates were

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Roth, A. L., and S. M. Berch. "Ectomycorrhizae of Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings outplanted on eastern Vancouver Island." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 11 (1992): 1646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-218.

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Ectomycorrhizal colonization of container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings was determined in a container nursery near Nanaimo, British Columbia, and after one growing season under a range of field conditions on eastern Vancouver Island. The percentage of Douglas-fir and western hemlock short roots colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi in the nursery was highly variable, but over 99% of the ectomycorrhizae were formed by Thelephoraterrestris Ehrh.:Fr. Between 72 and 93% of the new roots were ectomycorrhizal after

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Thies, W. G., and E. E. Nelson. "Bulldozing stumps and nitrogen fertilization affect growth of Douglas-fir seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 6 (1988): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-122.

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Eight treatments involving stump removal by bulldozing in combination with nitrogen fertilization were applied to 0.04-ha circular plots in a clear-cut on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Treatments included stump removal (either all stumps removed or the plot left undisturbed) and broadcast fertilization with ammonium nitrate (0, 336, 672, or 1345 kg N ha−1). Diameter at breast height and height of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings, planted several months after treatment, were recorded five and eight seasons after outplanting. The results showed that either bulldoz

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