Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dowa (District)'

Magister Public Health - MPH
Aim: This study sought to investigate service-related factors that affect uptake of HIV testing among children enrolled in CMAM. This was a descriptive study that used mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. To assess uptake of HIV testing records were reviewed of number of children tested as a percentage of number of children enrolled in CMAM over 12-month period in a sample of health facilities. Face to face in-depth interviews were conducted of CMAM and HTC focal persons to investigate factors affecting uptake. Information from interviews was analyzed using a thematic approach.

In every market, competition is a vital ingredient for any working market economy. Large stores like IKEA, OnOff and El-Giganten are often positioned in locations near each other. Shopping areas like Gekås have proven to have large attraction power towards the customers. In down-town shopping areas it is common that large stores take advantage of each other’s capabilities to invoke customers’ interest. By doing so, businesses work together to create a large customer base.

The purpose of this paper is to determine how owners and managers of medium sized retail stores should choose location for their shop.

Both a qualitative and quantitative approach were used in this thesis; the qualitative approach was used for conducting interviews with 6 people involved in running the stores and municipality. This was done to collect information from actors that had the experience and knowledge about the subject of the thesis. The quantitative approach involved a survey done upon shopping habits of consumers in the same area. The reason for conducting both these researches was to diminish the biased answers that we would have got from conducting the research from one group only. By asking the store managers/owner and customers, as well as a representative of the municipality, we were able to provide a complete perspective on the situation.

Our findings showed that there were some major differences between a down-town shopping area and a shopping mall. It also became clear that the preferences and capabilities of the stores were important for selecting locations. Consumer preference on where to go shop was showed to be almost the same for A6 and down-town with a slight advantage towards A6. Still, the requirements on opening a store in a shopping mall oppose down-town was different.

En la última década, Lima Metropolitana se ha destacado por su acelerado crecimiento poblacional. De hecho, en la actualidad, concentra el 30% de la población total del país. Asimismo, cabe mencionar que la economía nacional ha experimentado un crecimiento moderado, al igual que el sector restauración y alojamiento en Lima Metropolitana, cuyo incremento asciende a 9.3% en el año 2016. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI, 2017). En este sentido, con relación al sector restauración, es necesario hacer notar su beneficio derivado del boom gastronómico, lo cual se traduce en que actualmente existen una serie de oportunidades de desarrollo para los negocios dedicados a la venta de comida tradicional peruana. En este contexto, Doña Julia es un restaurante-anticuchería especializado en la venta de parrilla peruana, cuya propuesta de valor se enfoca en ofrecer al cliente una experiencia única, que se hace posible gracias al ofrecimiento de un servicio personalizado, con productos de primera calidad y un ambiente familiar. El negocio se ubica en la avenida Alfredo Mendiola 3983,distrito de Los Olivos, dado que se trata de uno de los distritos que registra mayor número de restaurantes en Lima Metropolitana (5.3% del total de las empresas creadas). Asimismo, su público objetivo comprende hombres y mujeres, con edades oscilantes entre los 18 y 55 años, y que pertenecen a los niveles socioeconómicos B y C, con estilos de vida correspondientes al de los adaptados, modernos y progresistas. En esta línea, la investigación de mercado aplicada a dicho público informó que los potenciales clientes prefieren consumir platos contundentes, ya que la porción de anticucho les parece un complemento o guarnición, pero no un plato de fondo. Por este motivo, el presente plan de negocio propone la oferta de dos nuevos productos: el Taipacucho y el Chaufacucho, que se acompañan con guarniciones, tales como arroz, chorizo u otros complementos. Finalmente, cabe destacar que la mayor inversión del presente plan de negocio corresponde al terreno, el acondicionamiento y el activo fijo (95,5%), lo cual se ha financiado con un aporte de capital de 58.11% y una deuda a largo plazo de 41.89%. Asimismo, con respecto al estado de ganancias y pérdidas, cabe decir que el balance es positivo y mantiene un crecimiento promedio de 4,5% en los cinco años proyectados. Con relación a la tasa interna de retorno de la inversión, esta asciende a 53.6 %; y, en cuanto al Wacc o promedio ponderado del costo de capital, asciende al 8.8%, lo cual permite determinar si la inversión por realizarse tiene una estructura óptima de financiamiento. Por último, según la proyección de ventas realizada, se determinó que el punto de equilibrio, tomando en cuenta la cantidad de clientes mínimos por año, es de 37 563. En conclusión, es posible decir que las estrategias utilizadas en diversas áreas del presente plan de negocio se verán plasmadas en los ratios financieros, que indican que este plan de negocio sí es rentable y sostenible en el tiempo.
Tesis

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master’s in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University of Zululand, 2015
According to the Constitution, Act No.108 of 1996 of the Republic of South Africa, every person has the right to clean water. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry’s Community Water Supply Programme was established in 1994 to achieve this objective. Access to safe drinking water is the basic need to human life and wellbeing, and is a key to public health issues. The UGu District Municipality is the water distributor to the Umzumbe Local Municipality residents. The study area for this research is the Umzumbe Local Municipality, which is the second largest municipality under the UGu District Municipality. Communities, especially in rural areas under the Umzumbe Local Municipality, are still unable to access adequate safe drinking water which meets the national standards for protecting human health. The main concern of this research was to assess water access and provisioning in the Umzumbe Local Municipality, under the UGu District Municipality. The research assessed the water supply system in the UGu District Municipality by engaging with all the stakeholders involved in water provision to verify their roles in the water supply and development of water service delivery projects. The study was predicated on three theories which were assumed to explain water provisioning. The first theory is the top-down and bottom up approach to service delivery. The second approach is the privatisation concept which is based on neo-liberalism. This explains that buying what could hinder efficient delivery, mostly in poor environments. The final theory of the study deals with project management. This theory asserts that the way a project is packaged and commissioned will have implications in the delivery of services, in this case, water delivery. The research employed mixed a methods research design. The reason for employing both qualitative and quantitative methods is because the research sought to obtain a comprehensive interpretation of the occurrences in the research area. The adoption of qualitative data alone is likely to provide limited vision which would not be sufficient for the research without the inclusion of quantitative data. The population for the research consisted of the Umzumbe Local Municipality residents, both males and females from twenty one years of age, upwards. Seventy participants were chosen for the research. Interview schedules and survey questionnaires were used as data collection instruments. vii The findings showed that the UGu District Municipality infrastructure does have some challenges, which come in the form of skills challenges, and capacity challenges. Other challenges that the study identified include inability to access municipality’s infrastructure grant (M.I.G) and bulk infrastructure grant (B.I.G). The UGu District Municipality areas that are far inland are likely to have water, and also the problems because of the low capacity of engines that are used to pump water also the problem is exacerbated by power failures. The findings further indicated that unskilled contractors could be the cause of water outage in the Umzumbe Local Municipality. It has been established that contractors who are hired to run projects have a tendency of abandoning projects that have not been completed. The findings presented that the UGu District Municipality does not consider the involvement of community members when they take decisions on project matters. The research established that water tankers do not provide community with adequate water and the utilization of water tankers is an expensive option that can cause community not to be served. The findings also indicated that some of the water infrastructure is old and it can be the cause of water shortage. Lastly, the findings showed that the Umzumbe Local Municipality has low income opportunities, causing its inhabitants to be unable to pay for water services. On the basis of the findings the study recommends that the UGu District Municipality needs to adhere to the principles of monitoring and evaluation of all activities and projects that relate to water provisioning. At a broader scale the study suggests that further research be done to determine whether the Department of Water and Sanitation can consider the construction of water reservoir in UMzimkhulu River. The reservoir should be linked with the Umgeni Water Board to provide water to communities during water outage.

El presente es un estudio cuanti - cualitativo con un diseño descriptivo simple. La población está conformada por 10 estudiantes de 6 a 9 años con Síndrome de Down de una institución educativa privada del distrito de Surco. Por las características de la población y por el número de sujetos, la muestra será igual a la población. El objetivo de estudio es conocer las características de la masticación y deglución en niños con Síndrome de Down, para tal fin usamos como instrumento el Protocolo de Evaluación Mio funcional de Irene Marchesan, el cual nos permite describir las estructuras oro faciales, así como las características de las funciones orales. Nuestros hallazgos evidencias un tipo de incisión adecuada y una zona de trituración en dientes posteriores con lengua. Durante la masticación encontramos presencia de contracciones musculares atípicas y ruidos; mientras que en la deglución encontramos presencia de atoros en alimentos y líquidos, así como presencia de restos alimenticios.
Tesis

La presente investigación es cuanti - cualitativa con diseño descriptivo simple. La población está conformada por 7 estudiantes de 8 a 10 años con Síndrome Down de una institución educativa estatal del distrito de La Victoria. Por las características de la población y por el número de sujetos la muestra será igual a la población. El objetivo principal de la investigación es describir las características de la masticación y deglución en niños con Síndrome Down y por ello se utilizó como instrumento de evaluación el Protocolo de Evaluación Miofuncional de Irene Marchesan MGBR 2012 el cual permitió describir las estructuras orofaciales así como las características de las funciones orales de masticación y deglución Los hallazgos encontrados evidencian el tipo un tipo incisión anterior y una de zona de trituración en dientes anteriores. Durante la masticación se encontró presencia de contracciones musculares atípicas y ruidos mientras que la deglución fue de tipo adaptada así como presencia de restos alimenticios.
This is a quantitative and qualitative study, which uses a simple descriptive design. The patients were 7 students from 8 to 10 years of age with Down syndrome all of them from a state school in the victory district. The sample would mean the population in terms of number of subjects and their characteristics. The aim this study is to describe the characteristics of chewing and swallowing in the children with Down syndrome to so we use the Miofuncional Assessment protocol by Irene Marchesan as a researching instrument. This allowed us to describe the oral and facial structures as well as the characteristics of the oral functions. Our findings evidence an inadequate type of incision anterior and area of chewing in the previous teeth. During the mastication process, we found that there were a typical muscle contractions and noise while during the swallowing adapted as well as the presence of leftovers
Tesis

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto-Sensu em Educação Física, 2012.
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Introdução: A Síndrome de Down (SD), de todas as síndromes genéticas é a mais comum. Os indivíduos portadores podem apresentar um atraso no desenvolvimento motor e uma redução da força muscular respiratória principalmente devido a hipotonia, característica comum nessa população. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de um programa de Equoterapia sobre as variáveis de coordenação motora global e força muscular respiratória em indivíduos com SD de ambos os gêneros e comparar indivíduos com a mesma síndrome que não praticam Equoterapia. Material e Métodos: participaram do estudo 41 indivíduos sendo 20 que praticavam Equoterapia (GE) e 21 que não praticavam Equoterapia (GC). Utilizou-se o teste KTK (Körperkoordinations test für Kinder) composto por quatro tarefas: Equilíbrio sobre traves, Salto monopedal, Salto lateral e Transferência sobre plataforma para análise de coordenação motora para indivíduos e a manovacuometria para aferição da força muscular respiratória. Resultados: Os indivíduos que praticam Equoterapia apresentaram melhores resultados na coordenação motora global, com diferença significativa, assim como na força muscular respiratória tanto inspiratória (PiMáx) como expiratória (PeMáx), embora para essas variáveis não tenha havido diferença significativa. No GE, 5% apresentaram coordenação motora alta, 40% coordenação motora boa e 55% coordenação motora normal, já no GC, apenas 10% apresentaram coordenação motora boa e 90% coordenação motora normal. Conclusão: Como resultado nessa amostra observa-se que a equoterapia apresenta benefícios de melhora na coordenação motora global (significativa) e na força muscular respiratória de indivíduos com SD e as mais novas tiveram os melhores resultados. Especificamente nas tarefas como a trave de equilíbrio, salto monopedal e salto lateral, além da coordenação motora global, houve forte relação com o tempo de execução de equoterapia, quanto maior o tempo de prática melhor os resultados. Nenhum indivíduo do estudo apresentou perturbação ou insuficiência na coordenação motora global. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) of all genetic syndromes is the most common. Individuals may present patients with a delay in motor development and a reduction in respiratory muscle strength mainly due to hypotonia, a common characteristic in this population. Objective: To analyze the effects of riding therapy program on motor coordination of global variables and respiratory muscle strength in individuals with DS of both genders and to compare individuals with the same syndrome who do not Hippotherapy. Material and Methods: 41 subjects participated in the study with 20 practicing Hippotherapy (GE) and 21 who did not practice Hippotherapy (GC). We used the test KTK (Körperkoordinations test für Kinder) consists of four tasks: walking backwards, moving sideways, hopping for height and jumping sideways for analysis of motor coordination for individuals and manometer for measurement of respiratory muscle strength. Results: Individuals who practice riding therapy showed better results in the overall coordination, with a significant difference, as well as respiratory muscle strength in both inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP), although for these variables there was no significant difference. At GE, 5% had high motor coordination, motor coordination, 40% good and 55% normal motor coordination, as in the GC, only 10% had good motor coordination and motor skills 90% normal. Conclusion: As a result this sample shows that the benefits of equine therapy has improved overall coordination (significant) and respiratory muscle strength in individuals with DS and the youngest had the best results. Specifically on tasks such as balance beam, jump and jump monopedal side, besides the overall coordination, there was a strong relationship with the runtime of hippotherapy, the longer the better practical results. No individual study showed disruption or failure in global coordination.

This study looks at political culture and socialisation responses to Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). It identifies political culture and socialisation as part of a process, the development of a political culture with specific attitudes, cognitions, and feelings towards the political system. Political culture and socialisation impart the knowledge of how to act politically, i.e. how to apply values in formulating demands and making claims on the political system. They form a connecting link between micro- and macro-politics. The study maintains that political orientations are handed down from one generation to another, through the process of political socialisation. Top-down and bottom-up influences come into play to augment a discourse on the global nature of political socialisation and the political culture of international societies with regard to IWRM and governance ideologies. It is argued that these international ideas become relevant in the national political agenda, civil society organisations and trans-national networks. The IWRM aspects of water as an economic good and a basic human right have become a two-edged sword in the South African context. The study reveals that politics stand at the epicentre of water problems, and that IWRM is a political-ethical issue which challenges power bases in many communities. The IWRM global norms of equitable, efficient and sustainable use of water resources have become a major problem in a water-scarce country burdened with economic inequalities and abject poverty. This is a pressing issue because there is an increasing demand for water to sustain the development necessary to redress the draconian ills of the apartheid past. This becomes evident in the fundamental legislative overhaul that has taken place since 1994, embracing a transformation culture that glorifies the norm of water not only as a fundamental human right, but also as a commodity that is necessary to sustain human dignity. It is here that water is politicised. Violent protests have erupted in reaction to perceived neo-liberal attempts to deny the poor their access to this resource. The political culture and socialisation responses as far as IWRM is concerned appear within fragmented lines, i.e. mainly black and poor communities embrace a culture of non-payment for services and resort to violent protests as a viable method to raise their concerns. In contrast, the white and middle-class communities manifest a tendency to form parallel local government structures; they then withhold rate payments and provide services for themselves through ratepayer associations. Finally, the study considers the South African context with regard to the manifestations of political culture, and how this influences water resources. It is evident that there is too much emphasis on politics at the expense of discussions on IWRM. Civil society organisations make very little attempt to encourage public participation in water management structures. It also appears that political elites who are disillusioned with civil society organisations tend to derail their efforts to educate the public on water management structures.
MA, Political Studies, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011

Les mineralisations a cu-fe-zn de york-harbour sont encaissees dans l'unite volcanique situee au sommet de l'ophiolite cambrienne de blow-me-down. Celle-ci s'est formee a l'axe d'une dorsale oceanique a proximite d'une faille transformante. L'organisation en synclinal du secteur mineralise resulte du rejet des failles synvolcaniques en direction nord 135 et nord 45

The purpose of the study was to assess the level of patient satisfaction with service provided in the Buffalo City sub-district following the implementation of the down-referral chronic medication distribution system between the tertiary(ELHC) and primary (clinics) levels of health care. The intervention was aimed at improving accessibility and availability of medication to the chronic patients. Research Design: A non-experimental descriptive quantitative research methodology was used. The sampling method for the study was the non-probability purposive sampling. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire that was given to respondents as they arrived at the facilities, and who, after completing the questionnaire, gave it back to the researcher. Findings: The results of the study revealed that the patients were generally satisfied about the down-referral chronic medication distribution system. However the patients were not satisfied about the services that they receive from the primary health care facilities when they go to collect their down-referred medication. Lack of communication to the patients regarding their medication by the hospital staff (pharmacists in particular) was a concern for patients. Conclusion: The down-referral chronic medication distribution system can benefit both the patients and the hospitals. Patient will receive their medication closer to their homes and save on the cost of transport. The hospital will have less patient congestion in the outpatient dispensaries and queues and waiting times will be reduced. Some strategies must be sought to improve the services at the primary health care facilities. The hospital should explore various communication methods to put into place, that will save pharmacists time and satisfy the needs of the patients. This would require the health services management from both the hospitals and the primary health care facilities to work together to ensure continued support for the patients.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, 2009.
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Introdução: O sobrepeso e as disfunções respiratórias são alterações freqüentemente encontradas no indivíduo portador da Síndrome de Down. Esses distúrbios são capazes de levar as condições que comprometem a qualidade de vida desses sujeitos trazendo agravo a sua saúde física e excluindo-o do convívio social. Objetivo: Foi investigar se há correlação nas variáveis da composição corporal com a função com a força muscular respiratória em sujeitos portadores da Síndrome de Down. Material e Método: Foi realizado um estudo analítico transversal com 26 sujeitos portadores da Síndrome de Down com idade 26,72 ± 7,14 anos; peso 77,2 ± 3,5 kg, sendo 14 sujeitos do gênero feminino e 12 do gêneros masculino. Foi realizada a espirometria através do espirômetro para a obtenção do volume expirado forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), capacidade vital forçada (CVF) e pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE); a manovacuometria através do manovacuômetro para a mensuração da pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e pressão expiratória máxima PEmáx) e para a avaliação do percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) foi utilizado o Dual Energy X-Ray Absormetry (DXA). O tratamento dos dados utilizou uma estatística descritiva dos dados quantitativos média (tendência central) e desvio padrão (dispersão dos dados). Foi realizada uma análise de normalidade das amostras para verificar a sua distribuição em relação às variáveis, e foi aplicado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk, considerando a diferença significativa de p < 0,05. Na inferência estatística foi aplicado o teste paramétrico (coeficiente de correlação de Pearson) para verificar se houve correlação entre as variáveis da função pulmonar (capacidade vital forçada, volume expirado forçado no primeiro segundo, pico de fluxo expiratório) força muscular respiratória (pressão inspiratória máxima e pressão expiratória máxima) com o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC). Resultados: foi encontrada correlação negativa para as variáveis de %GC e VEF1 em ambos os gêneros sem diferença significativa para os homens (p < 0,5244) e com diferença altamente significativa para as mulheres (p < 0,0045); na variável de %GC e CVF a correlação também foi negativa em ambos os gêneros com diferença significativa de p < 0,0137 para as mulheres e sem diferença significativa para os homens de p < 0,4910; na variável de PFE a correlação também foi negativa, sem diferença significativa para ambos os gêneros, nas mulheres p< 0,3165 e nos homens p< 0,7165; na variável de %GC e PImáx, houve correlação negativa para as mulheres sem diferença significativa com p< 0,7871 e correlação positiva para os homens sem diferença significativa de p< 0,8307; nas variáveis de %GC e PEmáx a correlação foi negativa e sem diferença significativa para ambos gêneros, nas mulheres com p< 0,9070 e nos homens p< 0,11369. Conclusão: sujeitos portadores da Síndrome de Down apresentam %GC mais elevado frente aos valores de referência para a população brasileira sem a Síndrome de Down, que pode estar atribuído as alterações inerentes a essa população associado a um estilo de vida sedentário. Os mesmos sujeitos apresentam correlação negativa para as variáveis de VEF1, CVF, PFE e PEmáx, possivelmente pela diminuição da complacência pulmonar, maior resistência ao fluxo aéreo e pela interferência direta que a obesidade exerce sobre a mecânica do diafragma e caixa torácica, diminuindo seus volumes e capacidades. Nas variáveis de %GC e PImáx, houve diferença de correlação entre os gêneros: negativa para as mulheres possivelmente pelo valor mais elevado de %GC em relação aos homens. A correlação foi positiva para os homens podendo o resultado estar relacionado a um % GC mais próximo do valor de referência nesse gênero. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Introduction: Overweight and respiratory malfunctions are frequently found in Trysomy 21 bearers. Such disturbances are potentially able to lead to conditions which endanger the quality of life of affected individuals, thus aggravating their physical health and excluding them from social interaction. Purpose: the purpose of this academic essay was to investigate the possible correlation involving body composition, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in Trysomy 21 bearers. Material and Method: a transversal analytical study was carried out involving twenty six Tryssomy 21 bearers who aged 26,72 + 7,14 and weighed 77,2 + 3,5 kg, whose genders were, respectively, 14 females and 12 males. A spirometry was conducted by means of a spirometer in order to obtain the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), as well as the forced expiratory vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Pressure manometry, by means of a manometer, was also conducted in order to enable measuring both the maximal inspiratory pressure (IPmax) and the maximal expiratory pressure (EPmax). A Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was used to evaluate the percentage of body fat (%BF). Data processing was conducted by means of a descriptive statistics of quantitative data – average (central tendency) and standard deviation (data dispersion). Also, a normality analysis of samples was carried out in order to check their distribution in relation to the variables, as well as the Shapiro Wilk normality test, considering the significant difference of p< 0,05. At the statistical inference, the parametric test (Pearson Correlation Coefficient) was applied to verify whether there had been a correlation among variables of pulmonary function (Forced Vital Capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow, maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure), respiratory muscle strength, maximal inspiratory pressure (IPmax) and maximal expiratory pressure (EPmax) with the percentage of body fat (%BF). Results: a negative correlation was found for the variables of %BF and FEV1 in both genders without a significant difference for men (p < 0,5244) and a highly significant difference for women (p < 0,0045); as to the variables of %BF and FVC, the correlation was also negative in both genders, with a significant difference of p < 0,0137 for women and without a significant difference for men (p < 0,4910); concerning the variable of PEF, the correlation was also negative, without significant difference for both genders, that is, p< 0,3165 for women and p< 0,7165 for men; as to the variables of %BF and IPmax, there was a negative correlation for women, without significant difference (p< 0,7871), and a positive correlation for men, without significant difference (p< 0,8307); as to the variables of %BF and EPmax, the correlation was negative and without a significant difference for both genders, namely, p< 0,9070 for women and p< 0,11369 for men. Conclusion: individuals who bear the Tryssomy 21 have higher %BF comparing with reference values related to the brazilian population without any mental deficiency, which might be attributed to inherent alterations of such population, as well as a sedentary lifestyle. The same individuals have negative correlation for variables of FEV1, FVC, PEF, and EPmax, possibly due to the decrease of lung compliance, the higher resistance to airflow and the direct interference exerted by obesity on the mechanics of the diafhragm and the chest box, diminishing their volumes and capacities. As to the variables of %BF and IPmax, there was a correlation difference between both genders: negative for women, possibly due to the higher value of % BF in relation to men; and positive for men, result which might be related to a value of % BF closer to the reference value for the gender.

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The increase in demand for blood from issues such as violence, traffic accidents, increasing aging population, advances in medical technology and also the existence of policies that adopt more rigorous for clinical screening of candidates for blood donation, can impact on maintenance blood stocks in the country. With the expansion of the candidate's age to donate blood up to 69 years, the elderly has become a potential contributor of transfusion services. In this research, it was made a retrospective, comparative, descriptive, quantitative, based on the analysis of existing secondary data in the computerized system of the Blood Center of Health System of the Federal District. From notes inserted by the health team in the electronic records were verified in the period January to December 2014, the records of adverse reactions submitted to blood donation of 214 elderly donors, aged 60-69 years and 357 mature adults, aged 50-59 years. They checked the prevalence of adverse reactions to the elderly blood donation as the intensity and compared with a group of mature donors (50-59 years). Among the elderly, the prevalent adverse reactions (3.27%) were classified as mild: low flow (2.33%) and venous inaccessibility (0.93%). In the group 50-59 years had clinical manifestations beyond mild reactions: low flow (2.24%), hematoma (0.28%), venous inaccessibility (0.84%) 3 and sweating (0.28%). It was also observed moderate type of reaction: convulsion (0.28%). The results point to a deficit in the notes of adverse events to the donation by the health team from the records of donors. There is need to implement strategies in the country to reach the elderly donors, as well as a review of the safety criteria for blood donation in this age group.
O aumento nas demandas por sangue a partir de quest??es como viol??ncia, acidentes de tr??nsito, crescente envelhecimento populacional e ainda a exist??ncia de pol??ticas que adotam maior rigor para triagem cl??nica dos candidatos ?? doa????o de sangue podem impactar na manuten????o de estoques de sangue no pa??s. Com a amplia????o da faixa et??ria do candidato ?? doa????o de sangue at?? os 69 anos, o idoso tornou-se um potencial colaborador dos servi??os de hemoterapia. Nesta pesquisa foi feito um estudo retrospectivo, comparativo e descritivo, de ordem quantitativa, a partir da an??lise de dados secund??rios existentes no sistema informatizado de um Hemocentro do Sistema ??nico de Sa??de do Distrito Federal. A partir de anota????es inseridas pela equipe de sa??de nos prontu??rios eletr??nicos verificados, no per??odo de janeiro a dezembro de 2014, os registros de rea????es adversas apresentadas ?? doa????o de sangue de 214 doadores idosos, com idade de 60 a 69 anos e 357 adultos maduros, com idade de 50 a 59 anos. Foram verificados ?? preval??ncia das rea????es adversas ?? doa????o de sangue de idosos quanto ?? intensidade e comparado com um grupo de doadores maduros (50 a 59 anos). Entre os idosos, as rea????es adversas prevalentes (3,27%) foram as classificadas como de grau leve: baixo fluxo (2,33%) e inacessibilidade venosa (0,93%). J?? no grupo de 50 a 59 anos apresentaram manifesta????es cl??nicas al??m das rea????es leves: baixo fluxo (2,24%), hematoma (0,28%), inacessibilidade venosa (0,84%) e sudorese (0,28%). Tamb??m foi observada tipo moderado de rea????o: convuls??o (0,28%). Os resultados apontam para um d??ficit nas anota????es dos eventos adversos ?? doa????o por parte da equipe de sa??de nos prontu??rios dos doadores. H?? necessidade de implanta????o de estrat??gias no pa??s para alcan??ar os doadores idosos, assim como revis??o dos crit??rios de seguran??a para doa????o de sangue neste grupo et??rio.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, 2008.
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Indivíduos com deficiência mental (DM) apresentam grande tendência a um estilo de vida sedentário e à obesidade. Além disso, a Trissomia 21, principalmente a Síndrome de Down (SD) apresenta ainda como fatores associados à hipotonia muscular generalizada, que pode contribuir para alterações nas provas de função pulmonar e força muscular respiratória. Com isso, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e composição corporal em indivíduos com DI e SD, e comparar seus valores a população sem essas alterações. Foi realizado um estudo analítico Transversal com 78 indivíduos, divididos em 3 grupos: grupo DM (idade 28,14 ± 5,61 anos, peso 73,9 ± 4,6 Kg e %GC 21,16 ± 6,65), grupo SD (idade 26,92 ± 7,14 anos, peso 77,2 ± 3,5 Kg e %GC 26,76 ± 10,35) e grupo Indivíduos Normais (idade 24,06 ± 4,21 anos, peso 72,1 ± 5,25 Kg e %GC 18,21 ± 5,70) , sendo 13 indivíduos do sexo masculino e 13 do sexo feminino para cada grupo. Foi realizada a espirometria, através do espirômetro, obtendo-se o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), capacidade vital forçada (CVF), pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) e relação VEF1/CVF ou índice de Tiffenau; e a manovacuometria, através do manovacuômetro para mensuração da pressão Inspiratória Máxima (PiMax) e pressão expiratória máxima (PeMax) em todos os indivíduos. Os valores foram descritos pelo valor percentual predito para a população brasileira. Foi utilizado o Dual Energy X-Ray Absortometry (DXA) para avaliação do percentual de Gordura Corporal (%GC). O procedimento para o tratamento dos dados foi realizado através do software GRAPHPAD PRISM for WINDOWS versão 4.0. Para a comparação dos dados, utilizou-se o teste ANOVA one way com post Hoc de Tukey, sendo considerada diferença significativa valores de p < 0,05. Como resultado, não foi encontrado diferença significativa entre os gêneros para as variáveis analisadas. Houve diferença altamente significativa (p < 0,01) nas variáveis VEF1, CVF, PFE, PiMax, PeMax e %GC entre os grupos SD e DM, DM e controle e SD e indivíduos normais (p = 0,2745). A relação VEF1/CVF não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos. A análise da prova espirométrica indicou um padrão restritivo para os grupos DM e SD (VEF1 73,69 ± 9,48 %; CVF 77,61 ± 9,98, VEF1/CVF 87,23 ± 7,54, PFE 66,03 ± 11,02 para o grupo SD e VEF1 81,42 ± 12,12; CVF 87,81 ± 10,53 e VEF1/CVF 86,06 ± 7,58, PFE 88,96% ± 9,69 para o grupo DI). Conclui-se que Indivíduos portadores de DM, com e sem SD, apresentam maior percentual de gordura corporal, quando comparados a indivíduos saudáveis da mesma faixa etária em ambos os gêneros, provavelmente relacionado ao estilo de vida sedentário, hábitos alimentares e alterações fisiológicas presentes, principalmente na população com SD. Indivíduos portadores de DM, com e sem SD, apresentam redução dos parâmetros de função pulmonar (VEF1, CVF, PFE), quando comparados a indivíduos saudáveis na mesma faixa etária em ambos os gêneros. Indivíduos com SD apresentam redução mais significativa desses parâmetros quando comparados a indivíduos com DM, provavelmente por apresentarem maior percentual de gordura corporal e hipotonia generalizada. Indivíduos portadores de DM, com e sem SD, apresentam redução da força muscular respiratória (PiMax e PeMax), quando comparados a indivíduos saudáveis na mesma faixa etária em ambos os gêneros. Não houve diferença significativa para os parâmetros de função pulmonar e força muscular respiratória entre os gêneros para todos os grupos. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Individuals with mental deficiency (MD) present great trend to a sedentary style of life and obesity. Moreover, the 21 trissomy, mainly Down Syndrome (DS) still presents factors associated with generalized muscular hypotonia, that can contribute for alterations in the tests of pulmonary function and respiratory muscular strength. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary function, respiratory muscular strength and body composition in individuals with MD and DS, and to compare its values among the population without these alterations. A Transversal analytical study with 78 individuals, divided in 3 groups was carried through: MD group (age 28,14 ± 5.61 years, weight 73,9 ± 4,6 21,16 kg and Body fat percent (%BF) 21,16 ± 6,65), DS group (age 26,92 ± 7,14 years, 3,5 77,2 weight ± 26,76 kg and %BF 26,76 ± 10,35) and normal individuals group -NIG (24,06 age ± 4.21 years, 5,25 72.1 weight ± 18.21 kg and %BF 18,21 ± 5,70), being 13 males and 13 females for each group..The espirometry was carried through, using an espirometer, getting itself the Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (VFC), peak of expiratory flow (PEF) and the relation FEV1/FVC or index of Tiffenau; and the manovacuometry, through the use of manovacuometer, for measurement of the maximum inspiratory pressure (PiMax) and maximum expiratory pressure (PeMax) in all individuals. The values were described for the predicted percentile value for the Brazilian population. Dual Energy X-Ray Absortometry (DXA) for evaluation of the percentage of Body Fat was used (%BF). The procedure for the treatment of the data was carried through the use of software GRAPHPAD PRISM of WINDOWS version 4.0. For the comparison of the data, test ANOVA one way was used with post Hoc of Tukey, being considered significant difference values of p < 0,05. As results, difference was not found significant among the gender for the analyzed variable. It had highly significant difference (p < 0.01) in the variables FEV1, FVC, PEF, PiMax, PeMax and %BF among groups DS and MD, MD and NIG and DS and NIG. Relation FEV1/FVC did not present significant difference among the groups (p = 0,2745). The analysis of the espirometric test indicated a restrictive standard for groups DM and DS ( FEV1 73,69 ±9,48; FVC 77.61 ± 9,98, FEV1/FVC 87,23 ± 7,54, PEF 66,03 ± 11,02 for group DS and FEV1 81,42 ± 12,12; FVC 87,81 ± 10,53 and FEV1/FVC 86,06 ± 7,58, PEF 88,96 ± 9,69 for group MD). The conclusion is that carrying individuals of DM, with and without DS, present larger percentile of corporal fat, when compared with healthful individuals of the same age band in both genders, probably related to the sedentary style of life, diet and physiological alterations observed, mainly in the population with DS. Carrying individuals of MD, with and without DS, present reduction of the parameters of pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, PEF), when compared with healthful individuals in the same age band in both genders. Individuals with DS present more significant reduction of these parameters when compared with individuals carring MD, probably for presenting larger percentile of generalized corporal fat and hypotonia. Carrying individuals of MD, with and without DS, present reduction of the respiratory muscular strength (PiMax and PeMax), when compared with healthful individuals in the same age band in both sex. Individuals with DS present more significant reduction of these parameters when compared with individuals carring MD, probably for presenting generalized hypotonia. There is no significant difference for the parameters of pulmonary function and respiratory muscular strength among male and female for all the groups.

El tema de investigación de la presente tesis es la influencia de la acción docente de un aula regular, en el aprendizaje de habilidades sociales de los niños con Síndrome de Asperger y Síndrome de Down.
Tesis

The master’s thesis topic is the feasibility study of new biomass source construction in power heating plant Brno-North. The first part is focused on historical and current conditions and future development of heat distributions networks and sources of Brno. The power heating plant operation Brno-North is described in more detail including the current heat scheme of operation and plan for the future development. Next chapters are focused on projection of new biomass source. At first, it is defined heat output, operation range and parameters of the new source based on the data of real needs after the heating network modernization. Afterward, selected conceptual variants of the new source are discussed in more detail and for each of the variants are performed heat balance calculation and assembled heat scheme of operation. At the same time it is processed warehouse management calculation and economic analysis of the project. The final chapter evaluates the technical and economic parameters of variants and recommends the most suitable variant of the project.

The opening of the refugee camp in Dowa by the Malawi Government, with support from UNHCR meant that the population of that area was increased abruptly. This led to an increase in socio- economic activities resulting into high demand of energy, food and other amenities from the natural environment. The impact of the refugees on the host community and their relationship was central in this research. The main aim of the study was to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts for hosting refugees at the Dzaleka Refugee Camp in Dowa. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection. A structured questionnaire, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect data and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16.0. In total, 237 household heads and 6 key informants were interviewed. In addition, 4 focus group discussions were conducted. Qualitative data, collected through focus group discussions helped in explaining and understanding the results from the questionnaire. The most evident environmental impacts reported by respondents were: deforestation and firewood depletion; land degradation and water pollution. It is important to note that such environmental impacts can affect the long-term livelihood opportunities of both refugees and host population. The camp establishment has had socio-economic impacts regarded as positive by the majority of the respondents. Although most hosts still struggle to survive, the camp has created a larger market for generating income and better opportunities to provide basic needs such as food and water. The majority of host respondents use the refugee camp for providing livelihoods. Most respondents reported that refugees are regularly benefitting from privileged access to resources unavailable to the local host population. In this respect, refugees at Dzaleka were offered opportunities for education, literacy, vocational training, health and basic livelihood. The most reported negative social impacts are exposure to more conflicts and increased insecurity. Both of these impacts relate to the relationship between the host community and refugee population.
Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

碩士
中華大學
營建管理學系
104
The building place to excavates the labor law and the foundation structural design has direct influential, therefore this research take the new north market plank bridge area some commercial building as the example, analysis at presentThe field counter hits the projectTo building economic efficiency research influence. Recently, domestic various lunar months with thirty days business all positively buys and the development obtains the profit to take the initiative, but excavates the labor method choice to have the enormous relations to the whole construction progress.Therefore this researchBy counter hits the projectAnalyzes the labor law to excavate the merit, the time limit for a project difference, the construction cost estimate and so on, carries on the case analysisDiscusses counter hits the projectIs the economic efficiency general engineering whether high. Uses the traditional steel bar coagulation soil family template or the reinforcing steel steel bar coagulation soil family form fixer law construction, because only if the weather factor or the management is not good, the majority of constructions finishThe time with estimates generallyThe time difference is limited, therefore by way of the field experts' innovation research, developsCounter has hitThe construction labor law, in certain floor scale situation, and conforms to the higher development benefit goal to the value engineering creation.Goal of time this research can provide the exploiter in the design plan initial period, namely can choose effectively suitable excavates the labor law and the labor law must pay attention to the part, achieved finishes hands over the room the highest benefit. After discussionKnows the general traditionAlong builds is excavatesAfter completes by underground starts to executeDoes to goes againstVersion, butCounter builds the laborAfter the principle is executes finishes the outset level about also to construct, can save the large scale reduction time limit for a project, when the convenience which studied discusses the support designed has neglected the template support material redundant use and the project carried on when constructs, easy to create the time limit for a project the delay and the construction cost increase. Keywords: top-down construction method .Economic efficiency

碩士
國立聯合大學
經營管理學系碩士班
105
Deep Ocean Water(DOW) industry is not mature yet in Taiwan, consumers are not fully aware of the industry as well as cognitive dissonance, and suffer from the negative impact of the media coverage of the product, resulting in panic and afraid to use the product. Although the industry claims that the product has a number of effects, and has been applied to various fields, consumers still do not trust, do not want to buy.Therefore, how to win the trust of consumers, to create industrial competitive advantage, is the main problem of this study. Through the collection of relevant theoretical literature, we found that user experience, product information and brand image for consumers in the implementation of the purchase decision on the feelings and attitudes are affected. Therefore, this study takes the deep ocean water (DOW) as an example, and adopts the experiential scenario design method to explore whether the user experience, product information, brand image will affect the consumer's perceived value and behavioral intentions or not. Moreover, this study also tested the moderating effect of distrust on the relationship between brand image and behavioral intentions. This study was tested on a sample of 180 customers from general public in Taiwan. The regression results revealed that user experience has a positive impact on perceived value, but the product Information has not a positive impact on perceived value. And brand image has a positive impact on perceived value before and after the experiment. In addition, the perceived value between the brand image and the behavioral intention has an intermediary effect before and after the experiment. Furthermore,distrust interfere the relationship between perceived value and behavioral intentions before the experiment, after the experiment, there is no interference with the factors.The results of this study have a theoretical contribution to the exploration of the DOW industry, this study also puts forward relevant theories and suggestions according to the research results.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
教育研究所
97
Strategies Study of Slowing Down the Student Flowing Outwardly in Remote Districts Junior High School─ Take Shinny Junior High School Nantou County as an Example Advisor：Tsong-Wen Chen，Ph.D. Author：Jie-Lee Wu Abstract The purposes of this study was to explore statuses and reasons of students flowing outwardly in the faraway country junior high school, take Shinny Junior High School Nantou county as an example. There are 173 students participated in the questionnaire study and 33 people accepted interviews. The questionnaire for this study was Decision-making of School Choice Questionnaire. The descriptive statistic, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlations were conducted to test each research question. The results clearly showed the actions of enroll 7th grade students is effective. The policy decisions of reduce student flowing outwardly are promotes the teacher specialized abilities ,to enhance students achievements ,construct a high quality campus environment ,enriches each teaching activity and students’ mass organization activities ,strengthens the parents’ and teachers’ cooperation and to promote parents participate school matters ,to effect sales of school educational achievement to construct a high quality school。 Besides fore-mentioned matters of strategy ,there are differences in decision-making of school choice among 7th grade students，and students’ thinking are positive with teachers、classmates、 grades、 students’ achievement、 reward system of achievement、 environment and facilities of school、 traffic car、 dorm、 classes after school、 association、 alumnus’ achievements and school reputation , but are opposite with parents’ thinking.

Site-based management (SBM) is recent restructuring initiative in schools. The study is carried out with the aim of investigating the extent to which teachers participate in site-based management in schools. The researcher assumes that teachers are sidelined in site-based management in schools. An extensive literature review provides a theoretical foundation of the study and exposes the nature of site-based management. The qualitative approach is used in the case study. Data are collected through interviews that were conducted between July and September 2004. The interpretive paradigm is used in data collection, analysis and interpretation. The collected data are analysed through inductive analysis. The major research finding is that teachers are marginalised in site-based management in schools and that school-based decision making is still largely in the hands of school principals. It is recommended that principals and SMT's improve their management and leadership styles in order to allow for real participation of teachers in decision-making to take place.
Educational Studies
M.Ed (Education Management)

Aim of this thesis is to plot employee care in organizations and companies, that have a seat in Pelhřimov district. The thesis deals with employee relationships and employee care, where participate working hours and work regime, work enviroment, personal development of employees, services provided to employees by employer, employee benefits, work safety and protection of their health and their motivation and stimulation as well. The first step during processing of this thesis was studying the special literature; making of questionaries was directly connected with it. The questionary was essintial for following survey and the survey took four months. Then, acquired information were processed and incuded into graphs and charts and annotated. The result of the thesis is an undestandable picture of employee care in Pelhřimov district and discovery of the greatest problems and the most problematic branches of the national economy.