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1
Haresnape, J. M., S. A. M. Lungu, and F. D. Mamu. "A four-year survey of African swine fever in Malawi." Journal of Hygiene 95, no. 2 (October 1985): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400062732.
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SUMMARYA serological survey of free-ranging domestic pigs in the Central and Southern Regions of Malawi, together with laboratory data on confirmed cases of African swine fever (ASF) and data from interviews with pig owners, undertaken over a four-year period from 1981–4, has enabled the ASF enzootic area of Malawi to be identified. The area covers much of the western part of the Central Region and includes Mchinji district and parts of Kasungu, Ntchisi, Dowa and Lilongwe districts. Mortality is substantially less than 100% in outbreaks within the enzootic area but approaches 100% in outbreaks outside this area, as shown by both the serological investigation and the interview data.
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Sibale, Davis, Godfrey Mwenelupembe, Sylvester Chikabvumbwa, and Sylvester Chisale. "Evaluation of Water Delivery Performance of Nkhafi Irrigation Scheme in Dowa District, Malawi, Africa." Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 03 (2021): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2021.103007.
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Sassi, Maria. "Seasonality and Trends in Child Malnutrition: Time-Series Analysis of Health Clinic Data from the Dowa District of Malawi." Journal of Development Studies 51, no. 12 (September 18, 2015): 1667–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1046441.
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Chitete, Lusungu, and Thandi Puoane. "What Health Service Provider Factors Are Associated with Low Delivery of HIV Testing to Children with Acute Malnutrition in Dowa District of Malawi?" PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): e0123021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123021.
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Ahmed, Mukhtyar. "Problems of Agriculture in Doda District." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (February 28, 2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd19103.
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Tanwar, Nitin, Sunil Kumar, B. V. S. Sisodia, and B. K. Hooda. "Dynamics of socio-economic development of districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.736.
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Development process of any system is dynamic in nature and depends on large number of parameters. This study attempted to capture latest dynamics of development of districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh in respect of three dimensions- Agriculture, Social and Infrastructure. Techniques adopted by Narain et al. (1991) have been used in addition to Principal component and factor analysis. Ranking seems to very close to ground reality and provides useful information for further planning and corrective measures for future development of Eastern UttarPradesh’s Districts. The Composite Indices (C.I.) of development in respect of 18 developmental indicators for the total 28 districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh have been estimated for the year 2010-2011. The district Barabanki was showed a higher level of development (C.I. =0.10) in Agricultural development compared to Social development (C.I.=1.12) and Infrastructural development (C.I. =0.89) followed by the district Ambedkar nagar (Agricultural, C.I. =0.52), (Social, C.I. =1.12) and (Infrastructure, C.I. =0.89). District Allahabad secured first position in the Social development (C.I. =0.81) and second in Infrastructural development (C.I. =0.34) as compared to Agriculture (C.I. =0.93). District Varanasi was the most developed district in Infrastructure (C.I. =0.10) as compared to Agriculture (C.I.=0.96) and Social (C.I. =0.96). As per findings of the study, the two districts Mau and Jaunpur were down in their ranking and the districts Chandauli and Maharajganj improved their ranking.
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Khajuria, Sonia. "Inter-District Variations in Agricultural Productivity of Jammu Division of Jammu & Kashmir." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36432.
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Jammu and Kashmir is primarily an agrarian state. Around 80 percent of its population is engaged in this sector. The state has huge variation in its agro-climate diversity as Jammu region has a subtropical and Kashmir has temperate climate. These variations make it idyllic for performing varied cultivation. The present research paper is an attempt to analyze the variations in agricultural productivity of major crops at the district level in the Jammu division for the period 2010-11 to 2016-17. The results show tremendous variations in the productivity of the crop sector across districts. The districts of the Jammu region have depicted very low productivity and wide variations across the districts. The variations in the productivity level of the major crops of the Jammu region have been found mainly in the hilly areas like Kishtwar, Doda, Poonch and Reasi thus depicting wheat and maize as the staple food of these districts. These variations at district level has indicated the need for evolving specific strategies at the district level for ensuring sustainable and inclusive agricultural growth in a state consequently in the country.
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Sharma, Shakha, and Neeraj Sharma. "New Lycaenid butterfly records from Jammu & Kashmir, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 7 (June 26, 2018): 11984. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4046.10.7.11984-11987.
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The butterfly surveys were conducted across different regions of Jammu province right from southern alluvial plains of Chenab and Ravi to Great Himalayas through Shiwaliks and Pir-Panjal mountains during June 2016 to February 2018. The areas covered included Kalidhar and Dalhori forests, district Rajouri (west), Mansar-Surinsar-Manwal range, districts Jammu, Samba and Udhampur (south), Mansar-Manwal, Billawar-Basoholi-Bani, district Kathua (east), Bhaderwah, district Doda (north), and Paddar in district Kishtwar (northeast) within an elevational range of 320 m to 3200 m (Fig. 1). During the explorations, we observed eight Lycaenid butterfly species previously not recorded from the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
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Alenezi, Raslan, and Bader Al-anezi. "An assessment of ambient air quality in two major cities in the state of Kuwait." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 4, no. 2 (May 3, 2015): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v4i2.4550.
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In this study, hourly mean continuous air pollution data for the year 2010 from two monitoring stations in major urban districts in the State of Kuwait were analyzed. The ambient air quality in the Al-Mansouriah and Al-Jahra districts was evaluated in terms of the hourly average concentrations of selected major air pollutants during the winter and summer seasons. The diurnal variations of these pollutants were analyzed, and in-depth comparisons of the two pollutant concentrations for the two districts were conducted to determine the predominant sources of the air pollutants. The concentrations of CO, PM10 and NO2 in the two districts exhibited different patterns in the summer and winter due to differences in the activities that take place in the surrounding areas. The concentrations of SO2 were high in both cities because of the Al-Doha power plant and oil fields near the city in Al-Jahra. The ozone concentration is highly correlated with NOx emissions and is greater in the summer than in the winter. The results confirm that road traffic is a major source of air pollution in the Al-Mansouriah district. The Al-Doha power plant and the oil fields near Al-Jahra greatly affect the air quality in that district.
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Omar, Maye Abu. "STRENGTHENING DISTRICT HEALTH MANAGEMENT IN LOW-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES: REFLECTIONS AND WAY FORWARD." Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia 8, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v8i2.2020.123-140.
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Introduction: Health systems in low-middle income countries are undergoing considerable changes in a context of ongoing health sector reforms. Districts have, therefore, been increasingly recognised as the level where health policies and health sector reforms are interpreted and implemented. At the same time, decentralisation in its different forms has become a popular reform in many countries, and this increases the importance of ensuring that districts have the organisational capacity to offer a good service.Aim: The article investigates the process, challenges and opportunities of health system development at district level in low-middle income countries.Discussion: While district strengthening is probably necessary in relation to the success of all other health reforms, it is argued that it has not been accorded the importance probably because it is not seen as glamorous. The district health management team must include both strengthening the capacity of individuals, but crucially also, improvement of systems. Many initiatives have been patchy and fail to provide a consistent national approach. The persistence of top-down approaches to health care works directly against districts being able to take charge of their own affairs.Conclusions: A shared vision of district strengthening must be achieved in order to progress with the achievement of Universal Health Coverage and Sustainable Development Goals. Keywords: district health strengthening, capacity building, low-middle income countries, universal health coverage.
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An, Brian Y. "Bottom-Up or Top-Down Local Service Delivery? Assessing the Impacts of Special Districts as Community Governance Model." American Review of Public Administration 51, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020933968.
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This article assesses the impacts of bottom-up local governing institutions relative to top-down bureaucracies in local service delivery. Community services districts (CSDs) in California, a class of special districts that provides various neighborhood-level services, are examined to answer this question. An innovative characteristic of this institutional form is that it is residents who create them through a grass-root collective action to achieve a bottom-up governance structure, after opting out from a county service system. With changes in residential property values as performance metrics, the quantitative analysis utilizes district formation events and features a hedonic difference-in-difference regression. The results show that the creation of CSDs produces more significant impacts on property values than county authorities do. Yet, the effects are heterogeneous across the communities when the analysis is further drilled down to each district. The exploratory qualitative case study then uses interview data with district managers and document analysis to unveil what administrative factors explain the success and failure trajectory of bottom-up institution management. The case study identifies such factors as critical codeterminants, including managerial and board leadership, clarity of a problem statement, public support, and intergovernmental coordination with county and state agencies.
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Brunell, Thomas L. "What to Do about Turnout Bias in American Elections: A Response to Wink and Weber." American Review of Politics 27 (November 1, 2006): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2006.27.0.255-260.
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At the end of the 2006 term, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision with respect to the Texas redistricting controversy. While in its decision (LULAC v. Perry) the court struck down one of the newly drawn districts (the 23rd) the case is more notable for what the court did not do. The Court did not see anything in the Constitution indicating that state legislatures are restricted as to when redistricting ought to be done. Traditionally the process is done after the new census data is delivered, usually in years ending in 1, and the new districts are in effect for elections in years ending in a 2. The state government in Texas was still divided in 2001 and a federal court ended up drawing new district boundaries, but after the GOP gained control in the next election they decided to redraw the congressional district lines more to their advantage for the 2004 election. Moreover a big part of the litigation was the claim that the Republicans had treated the Democrats unfairly enough in the new map that it constituted a partisan gerrymander and the Court, the Democrats claimed, ought to step in and doing something about it. The Justices did not strike down the map on these grounds and it is still unclear to most observers if the Court will step into the fray at some late date with respect to this issue.
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Kurrata, Gilang, Tutik Kuswinanti, and Andi Nasruddin. "Keparahan Penyakit Blas Pyricularia oryzae dan Analisis Gen Virulensi Menggunakan Metode Sequence Characterized Amplified Region." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 17, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.17.1.19-27.
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Severity of Blast Disease and Analysis of Virulence Gene Using Sequence Characterized Amplified Region Method
Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the important diseases in rice cultivation in the world, including Indonesia. The use of resistant varieties is a way to deal with blast disease since it is cheap, efficient and safe from the risk of pesticide pollution. However, the resistance of a rice variety to blast disease can only be utilized for a few years due to the complexity of pathogens which can easily break down the resistance of a variety, especially if their resistance is determined only by one dominant gene. The aims of this research was to determine the severity of blast disease and genetic variation of P. oryzae isolates from Maros District and the relationship between disease severity and haplotype variety obtained as the basis for recommendations for control with site-specific resistant varieties. The severity of blast disease was observed using the Standard Evaluation System for Rice was carried out in 8 locations (different sub-districts) in Maros District, South Sulawesi from June to September 2019. The pathogen’s genetic diversity was determined using specific primers, coding the fungus virulence genes namely Pwl2, Erg2 and Cut1. The highest leaf blast intensity was observed on var. Mekongga in Simbang sub-district (42.12%) and Maros Baru sub-district (23.33%). In Tanralili sub-district (Inpari-7) and Mandai sub-district (var. Ciherang) leaf blast intencity were 7.6% and 7.88% respectively. A total of 15 isolates of P. oryzae obtained from 8 sub-districts in Maros. Analysis of genetic diversity showed found 5 different haplotypes, namely haplotype A-000 (4 isolates), C-011 (3 isolates), D-111 (2 isolates), F-110 (3 isolates) and G-100 (3 isolates).
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DeMatthews, David E., and David S. Knight. "Denying Special Education to Students in Need: A Case of Accountability, Compliance, and Fear in a Texas Elementary School." Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 22, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555458918786988.
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Accountability policies have impacted school leadership practices both positively and negatively. In Texas, the adoption of a special education accountability policy led many schools and districts to delay or denial of special education to eligible students. This article includes an undisguised case describing the Texas Education Agency’s district performance indicator that influenced districts to lower the percentage of students provided with special education. This case provides the context for a fictional scenario of a newly hired elementary school principal who is pressured to maintain low special education rates by her director supervisor and superintendent. The case explores special education law, top-down accountability, the intersectional identities of vulnerable students and families, and ethical decisions confronted by principals seeking to ensure all students are successful.
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Quintana, Samer, Pei Huang, Mengjie Han, and Xingxing Zhang. "A Top-Down Digital Mapping of Spatial-Temporal Energy Use for Municipality-Owned Buildings: A Case Study in Borlänge, Sweden." Buildings 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020072.
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Urban energy mapping plays a crucial role in benchmarking the energy performance of buildings for many stakeholders. This study examined a set of buildings in the city of Borlänge, Sweden, owned by the municipality. The aim was to present a digital spatial map of both electricity use and district heating demand in the spatial–temporal dimension. A toolkit for top-down data processing and analysis was considered based on the energy performance database of municipality-owned buildings. The data were initially cleaned, transformed and geocoded using custom scripts and an application program interface (API) for OpenStreetMap and Google Maps. The dataset consisted of 228 and 105 geocoded addresses for, respectively, electricity and district heating monthly consumption for the year 2018. A number of extra parameters were manually incorporated to this data, i.e., the total floor area, the building year of construction and occupancy ratio. The electricity use and heating demand in the building samples were about 24.47 kWh/m2 and 268.78 kWh/m2, respectively, for which great potential for saving heating energy was observed. Compared to the electricity use, the district heating showed a more homogenous pattern following the changes of the seasons. The digital mapping revealed a spatial representation of identifiable hotspots for electricity uses in high-occupancy/density areas and for district heating needs in districts with buildings mostly constructed before 1980. These results provide a comprehensive means of understanding the existing energy distributions for stakeholders and energy advisors. They also facilitate strategy geared towards future energy planning in the city, such as energy benchmarking policies.
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Diem, Sarah. "The Relationship between Policy Design, Context, and Implementation in Integration Plans." education policy analysis archives 20 (August 13, 2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v20n23.2012.
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The decision handed down by the U.S. Supreme Court in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007) has forced school districts to begin thinking of new ways to integrate their schools without relying on race as the single factor in their assignment plans. While some school districts already have begun to implement race-neutral student assignments, others are just beginning the process and are looking to plans that have been able to maintain diversity despite the new limitations being placed on them. In an effort to understand factors critical in shaping racial and socioeconomic diversity in school districts given the new requisite limitations, this study examined the relationship between the design, context, and implementation of three different integration plans that rely on voluntary choice and socioeconomic status (SES). The findings suggest that geographic and political contexts matter in the shaping and adoption of integration plans based on voluntary choice and SES. Suggestions are offered to help maintain integration given the local sociopolitical context of the school districts.
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Patsiorkovskiy, Valery V., Yuriy A. Simagin, and Dzhamilya D. Murtuzalieva. "The population dynamic in Russian municipal formations from 2010 to 2018." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 30, no. 3 (2019): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2019.30.3.589.
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During the period from the end of 2010 and up to the beginning of 2018, after a long pause, we saw an increase in the population of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, on most of the country’s territory the population has not ceased to decline in recent years. This is very apparent when analyzing the demographic situation on the level of first order municipalities – city districts and municipal areas. Indexes of natural population growth during recent years have exceeded values from the first decade of the 21st century. However, in 80% of municipalities a negative dynamic is evident compared to 2010, primarily due to natural decline. Natural decline is often accompanied by a negative balance in the migratory flow of the population. As a result, depopulation in certain cases reaches catastrophic proportions – at over 2% each year. This article examines peculiarities in the differentiation of natural population increase and migratory flow of Russia’s population by city district, municipal area, and broken down by territory (as in by federal district). It was revealed that negative trends are more inherent to municipal areas than they are to city districts. The most complicated situation with indexes of death rate and birthrate can be observed in municipalities of the Central, North-West and Privolzhsky Federal Districts. Mostly due to an intense migratory outflow, the population is decreasing in many municipal formations of the Far Eastern Federal District. As was the case in previous decades, the most favorable demographic situation can be observed in the North Caucasian Federal District. Meanwhile its municipal formations are gradually approaching the rest of Russia in terms of population birthrate and death rate indexes. Though this trend is of ambiguous nature, since, on the one hand, it evens out the excessive interregional socio-economic differentiation we see in Russia, while on the other it has a negative effect on the country’s demographic development in general. The migratory outflow of the population from the majority of North Caucasian municipal formations narrows the foundation for this region’s demographic development in the future.
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Kamal, Shaukat. "Present Status and Progress towards Kala-Azar Elimination Programme in Uttar Pradesh, India." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 01 (March 31, 2021): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202108.
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Kala-azar (KA) and Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), two out of the six vector borne diseases slated for elimination from the country by Government of India. Kala-azar or Visceral Leishmaniasisis prevalent in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh mainly in the districts bordering to Bihar, the state known for high endemicity of the disease. This disease has been targeted for elimination not only from thestate butfrom the country by 2020 by bringing down the Kala-azar prevalenceto <1 per 10000 population at sub district/block level. The two important interventions in Kala-azar control Programme includes Indoor residual spray (IRS) and Active Case Searches (ACS) in the endemic districts. The disease has been existed since long back in the state and the efforts made towards elimination are inadequate and deviated from the guidelines laid down by Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP).If the population of the sub district/ block is considered basic unit for calculating the prevalence of Kala-azar case<1 per 10000 population, then the state has achieved the same and as no activity pertaining to Kala-azar intervention measure is needed but in order to achieve the real target, it is suggested to consider the population of Health Sub-Center (HSC) for calculating the parameter of Kala-azar case <1 per 10000 population, for which a long way is required by undertaking measures like (a) active cases search drive for at least up to three years sweeping the whole population of the district, (b) complete treatment of the KA cases (both VL & PKDL), (c) complete coverage of population with IRS following the time line and quality of IRS as per NVBDCP guidelines, and (d) intervention activities needs to be synchronized with neighboring states or country subjecting their areas for KA elimination. Present study revealed the current status and progress towards elimination of the disease.
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Balai, C., R. Jalwania, L. Verma, R. Bairwa, and P. Regar. "Economic Impact of Front Line Demonstrations on Vegetables in Tribal Belt of Rajasthan." Current Agriculture Research Journal 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.1.2.01.
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Dungarpur is one of the most backward districts of Rajasthan (India) having 70.8 % of populations are tribal. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Onion (Allium cepa L.) and Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) are the three major vegetable crops grown in the district. Farm Science Centre known as Krishi Vigyan Kendra laid down front line demonstrations on these three vegetable crops under NAIP project by introducing improved and hybrid varieties and applying scientific package of practices in their cultivation. The productivity and economic returns of okra, onion and brinjal in improved technologies were calculated and compared with the corresponding farmer's practices (local checks). All the three vegetable crops recorded higher gross returns, net return and benefit cost ratio in improved technologies as compared to the plots where farmers were using traditional practices in their cultivation. It is suggested that location-specific integrated approaches would be needed to bridge the productivity gap of the vegetable crops grown in the district.
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Besfat Dejen Engdaw. "Decentralization and District-Level Decentralization in Amhara Region." International Journal of Political Activism and Engagement 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpae.2021010101.
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This paper examines the process of decentralization and district level decentralization programs in the Amhara region. It addresses the decentralization processes in Imperial, Derg, and EPRDF regimes. The depth and degree of decentralization in the three consecutive regimes were different as the process of decentralization in the current government meant to be deeper and extensive and pushed powers, functions, and roles into the local government. The process of decentralization in the current government has transferred powers and functions to the districts. However, the district level decentralization process has faced many challenges. The paper revealed that unclear assignments of powers and functions, executive dominations, upward accountabilities, top-down planning, lack of skilled manpower, lack participatory systems, failure of the councils in holding the executive accountable, lack of adequate budget, lack of revenue mobilization capacity, lack of responsiveness, and accountability among councils were the main challenges that impede in the process of the DLD process.
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HANAFIAH, DIANA SOFIA, SEPTIAS SANGGITA, and KHAIRUNNISA LUBIS. "The phenotypic appearance of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) in Karo District, North Sumatra, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190226.
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Hanafiah DS, Sanggita S, Lubis K. 2018. The phenotypic appearance of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) in Karo District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 509-514. The farmers in Karo District began to be less interested in cultivating kesemek or Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.). Due to the price of this commodity has dropped in the market, the farmers cut down the tree and cultivate more favorable horticultural crops, such as vegetable and citrus cultivation. It is necessary to conduct a study to obtained sufficient information to determine the necessary steps in order to preserve Japanese persimmon plants in Karo District. One first steps was to get information of accession characteristic of Japanese persimmon in Karo District. This research aimed to identify relationships of morphological characteristics among individuals of Japanese persimmon plants. The research was conducted from May until July 2017 at Berastagi, Merdeka, Kabanjahe, and Dolat Rayat sub-districts of Karo District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The survey method using Japanese persimmon descriptor of Diospyros kaki L.f. by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties (UPOV) with the purposive method for location determination and technique sampling. Thirty-six accessions of Japanese persimmon plants were studied. Based on clustering method of the morphological characteristic, 4 clusters are formed. This difference was canopy form, leaf shape and fruit morphological. Accession 34 from Dolat Rayat Distict has different fruit characters with other accessions.
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De Voto, Craig, and Meredith L. Wronowski. "The resegregation of public schools? Examining Parents Involved in practice." education policy analysis archives 27 (January 14, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.3931.
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This study investigated the efficacy of race-neutral student assignment policies following the 2007 Supreme Court decision in Parents Involved. Highlighting one urban school district—Chicago Public Schools—we examined differences in racial composition at their elite, “selective enrollment” high schools before and after voluntary race-based policies became unconstitutional. Using repeated measures ANOVA, we found the transition from racial to socioeconomic criteria have resegregated these schools— significantly reducing African- and Asian-American enrollment. We argue the Supreme Court’s decision to strike down voluntary race-based student assignment policies has contributed to local policy changes for urban districts like Chicago, reducing minority access and opportunity.
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Diprose, Rachael. "Inequalities and Indirect Con?ict Interventions: The Evidence on Perceptions of Difference, Social Cohesion, and Sub-national Variations in Violence in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 2 (December 4, 2018): 95–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v2i0.22.
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This paper examines the empirical evidence on social cohesion and perceived horizontal inequalities in two neighbouring districts in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Despite having similar sized groups (religiously polarised, ethnically fragmented) and the opportunity to mobilise during the national political transition beginning in 1998, only one of the districts had serious violence. First, the evidence suggests that such violence was linked to perceived horizontal inequalities in terms of access to the state, particularly in terms of religious identity in the district affected by con?ict. In the same district, there was also evidence of weaker social cohesion: there were more pervasive negative stereotypes of other groups along religious lines, and the least inter-religious mixing in terms of everyday interaction and friendships. These attitudes and less frequent mixing were more likely, too, among the group that was initially marginalised from the state when power-sharing arrangements broke down. Meanwhile, in the district with less violence, there was more frequent inter-religious group mixing overall but particularly on the part of the group that did not dominate the state. That is, frequent inter-religious group mixing and the absence of negative attitudes on the part of this group towards others may have signalled that it was not a viable group to be mobilised for political gain. Instead, in this more peaceful district, ethnic identity was the more salient form of political capital, but demographically the district is ethnically fragmented. Inter-ethnic rather than religious mixing was less frequent in this district, but it was worst among the dominant political group along religious and ethnic lines. Yet, the negative attitudes and stronger in-group (rather than out-group) bonds between members of the dominant political group did not translate into violent con?ict because there were minimal challenges to their power during the transition. Finally, the evidence suggests that the associational membership of mixedethnic or religious organisations is less likely to explain violence prevention, given that membership of such organisations was greater in the con?ict-affected district. The evidence overall suggests that demographic divides are not always an indicator of political divides and the propensity for con?ict, but rather this is related to the politics of exclusion. Furthermore, it indicates that to some extent increased crossgroup contact can act as an indirect con?ict intervention mechanism.
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Kearns, Caitlin, Douglas Lee Lauen, and Bruce Fuller. "Competing With Charter Schools: Selection, Retention, and Achievement in Los Angeles Pilot Schools." Evaluation Review 44, no. 2-3 (April 2020): 111–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x20946221.
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Charter schools place competitive pressure on school districts to retain students and public funding. Many districts also have moved to decentralize control of budgets and teacher hiring down to school principals, independent of competitive pressures. But almost no evaluation evidence gauges the effectiveness of charter-like schools, relative to traditional public schools. We find that autonomous pilot schools in Los Angeles enroll more low-income and Spanish-speaking students, compared with traditional schools. Pilot pupils are significantly less likely to exit the school district. But pilot pupils displayed lower test scores in mathematics and fell slightly below traditional students in English-language arts, taking into account prior performance and their propensity to enter pilot schools. We tracked 6,732 students entering pilot high schools between 2008 and 2012, statistically matched in multiple ways with traditional peers from identical sending middle schools. We discuss the advantages of our evaluation strategy and the implications of our findings for education leaders and policy makers.
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Vasquez Heilig, Julian, Lisa S. Romero, and Megan Hopkins. "Coign of vantage and action: Considering California’ local accountability and school finance plans for English learners." education policy analysis archives 25 (February 27, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.25.2818.
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Local control has been a bedrock principle of public schooling in America since its inception. In 2013, the California Legislature codified a new local accountability approach for school finance. An important component of the new California Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) approach is a focus on English learners (ELs). The law mandates that every school district produce a Local Control Accountability Plan (LCAP) to engage the local community in defining outcomes and determining funding for ELs. Based on an exploratory analysis of a representative sample of LCAPs, we show that, although California’s new approach offered an opportunity to support locally-defined priorities and alternatives to top-down accountability, few if any districts had yet took full advantage of the opportunity. That is, the school districts in our sample had not yet engaged with the local community to facilitate significant changes to accountability or redistribution of funding and resources to support educational equity for ELs.
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Kasiati, Kasiati, and Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho. "EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF INDONESIAN MIDWIVES ASSOCIATION IN EAST JAVA." DIA Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/dia.v18i2.4096.
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One of the components of the IBI organizational system is an integrated organizational administration system, starting from the central level, provincial level, district / city level, to the lowest level, namely the sub-branch level. Until now, the administrative system has not been well organized, especially in the organizational administration system at the provincial level down to the sub-branch level. One of the obstacles encountered was the inadequate implementation of the Administrative Information System for the Indonesian Midwives Association (SIA-IBI) at the district / city level. It is necessary to evaluate the smooth implementation of SIA-IBI in all districts / cities in East Java Province. The subjects of this descriptive research were all (38) administrators of SIA-IBI. There were 2 variables described in this study, namely: 1) the smooth implementation of SIA-IBI; 2) the obstacles in implementing SIA-IBI. Data on these two variables were collected through direct interviews with all SIA-IBI administrators. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, namely frequency and percentage. Based on the data analysis results, it is clear that: 1) all (100%) districts / cities in East Java Province had not been fluent in implementing SIA-IBI; 2) the obstacles faced by SIA-IBI administrators vary widely. The obstacles are grouped into 8 groups, namely: internet connection, double duty, completeness of data, fickle system, limited time, not yet proficient, lack of equipment, and low response to the system. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the implementation of SIA-IBI in all districts / cities in East Java Province has not been going well, and this is related to obstacles from technical and organizational aspects.
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Marcianò, Claudio, Paolo Careri, and Enrico D'Angelillo. "An Integrated Methodology for the Identification of Agricultural Districts: A Case Study in Calabria." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.433.
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The reorganization processes within the rural areas have generated the most modern networks of relationships among agriculture, industry and service sector. Therefore, in the last decades the analysis of such areas has dealt with theories concerning agglomeration economies. In a new perspective, the protagonist of which is a multifunctional agriculture, there has been an increase in the number of actors present in the processes of planning and implementation of European rural policies. In this way, it has been possible to generate forms of local governance such as the Local Action Groups (LAGs), within the Community Leader Initiative, or other forms of governance according to the several adopted instruments of integrated planning. In Italy, inspired by the pattern of industrial districts, the Legislative Decree 228/2001 has disciplined agricultural districts. The methodology for the identification of the districts in agriculture can follow either a top-down (quantitative) approach or a bottom-up (qualitative) one. The study proposes a quali-quantitative methodology to check the vocationality to agricultural district of a large area in the province of Reggio Calabria. The results of the research show a homogeneous and cohesive area around the agro-food sector, above all in terms of employment.
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Khadijah, Nur, Syaiful Hadi, and Evy Maharani. "ANALISIS AGRIBISNIS SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN SIAK PROVINSI RIAU." Jurnal Agribisnis 21, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/agr.v20i2.1682.
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ABSTRACT. The study aimed to analyze the influence of each subsystem on the income of farmers and between each sub-system is itself on beef cattle farms in Siak. The study was conducted in 4 (four) districts in Siak District of Kerinci Kanan, Lubuk Dalam, Dayun and Koto Gasib using simple random sample selection method . Total sample in this study were 100 breeders. Data were analyzed by scoring and path analysis (path analysis). Path analysis results indicate that the up-stream subsystem to the farmer’s income. influence between the subsystem them are asfollows: Subsystems supporting institutions affecting the entire subsystem of agribusiness; marketing Subsystem affect up-stream subsystem, on-farm subsystem and down-stream Subsystem agribusiness. up-stream subsystem to the on-farm agribusiness, on-farm Subsystem to down-stream agribusiness. The conclusion of research indicated that the implementation of beef cattle subsystem agribusiness had adequate index and give positive effect to the farmer’s income.
Keywords: agribusines, up-stream, on-farm, down-stream, marketing, supporting institutions
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Molho, Jérémie. "Modelling diversity: cultural district policies in Doha and Singapore." International Journal of Cultural Policy 26, no. 6 (September 18, 2020): 740–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2020.1811250.
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Furlan, Raffaello, Attilio Petruccioli, and Mohuiddin Jamaleddin. "The authenticity of place-making." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-11-2018-0009.
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PurposeUrban theorists argue that in the post-Second World War period cities faced the increasing development of homogeneous and soullessness urban spaces. This led to the formulation of urban design’s theories for addressing issues of space and place, as a means of correction to the built environment of modern cities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significance and authenticity of placemaking for Msheireb, which is the regenerated historic district of Doha in Qatar.Design/methodology/approachOral and visual data are collected via: interviews with urban planners and consultants from Msheireb Properties and the Ministry of Municipality and Environment; walk-through studies; site visits and observations about the spatial form of buildings, streets and open spaces; on-site interviews; and a survey conducted during the walk-through studies.FindingsThe findings reveal that the urban regeneration of the historic district – envisioned through a socio-spatial process (public realm) based on conservation (built heritage) and modernization (contemporary architectural language) – contribute to defining the authenticity of placemaking (space and character) of the renewed historic district of Msheireb.Practical implicationsThe insights provided through this research study contribute to the development of a framework for conceiving urban conservation projects in Qatar, which aim to preserve heritage value and revitalize deteriorating districts, to encourage the current trend for decentralization toward the creation of lively and vibrant urban district quarters by promoting a rediscovery of community life and cultural values.Originality/valueThe identified key factors have made the research original and unique.
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Tebay, Vince, and Flora Yvonne De Quelyoe. "The Analysis of Implementation of Integrated Village Program-Establishing the Era of Independent Society for the Development in Pobaim Village, Nimboran District, Jayapura Regency." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 7, no. 1 (April 15, 2016): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v7i1.1230.
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Policy and development are associated concepts. To improve the quality of life, policy must be made within the context of development. Policy so made becomes the manual for implementing development goals into various programs and projects. Nowadays, the failure of development which has been aimed at the growth of the economy, and which has the characteristics of being centralized and top-down, has increased the awareness of the need for development agents to include the dimension of empowerment in the national development strategy. Empowerment development strategy has already been implemented in Jayapura regency. This basic strategy is aimed at inspiring the people in the districts and villages to take initiative in independent development. The popular participation of the society has made the implementation of common goals in the district achieved so effectively that the development of Pobaim village, Nimboran district, and Jayapura regency can be done maximally and the society can achieve independence in the implementation of development. The limitation of this research is that it is only done in one location. Research done in different locations may produce different result.
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Nurkhadijah, Nurkhadijah, Syaiful Hadi, and Evy Maharani. "ANALISIS AGRIBISNIS SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN SIAK PROVINSI RIAU." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 33, no. 1 (September 23, 2019): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2017.vol33(1).3812.
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The study aimed to analyze the influence of each subsystem on the income of farmers and between each sub-system is itself on beef cattle farms in Siak. The study was conducted in 4 (four) districts in Siak District of Kerinci Kanan, Lubuk Dalam, Dayun and Koto Gasib using simple random sample selection method. Total sample in this study were 100 breeders. Data were analyzed by scoring and path analysis (path analysis). Path analysis results indicate that the up-stream subsystem to the farmer’s income. The influence between the subsystem they are as follows: Subsystems supporting institutions affecting the entire subsystem of agribusiness, marketing subsystem affect up-stream subsystem, on-farm subsystem, and down-stream subsystem agribusiness, up-stream subsystem to the on-farm agribusiness, on-farm subsystem to down-stream agribusiness. The conclusion of the research indicated that the implementation of beef cattle subsystem agribusiness had an adequate index and give positive effect to the farmer’s income.
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Wescoat Jr., James L., and Jonnalagadda V. R. Murty. "District Drinking Water Planning for Sustainability in Maharashtra: Between Local and Global Scales." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2021): 8288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158288.
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Sustainable rural drinking water is a widespread aim in India, and globally, from the household to district, state, and national scales. Sustainability issues in the rural drinking water sector range from increasing water demand to declining groundwater levels, premature deterioration of village schemes and services, inadequate revenues for operations and maintenance, weak capacity of water operators, frequently changing state and national policies, and destabilizing effects of climate change. This paper focuses on the special role of district-scale drinking water planning, which operates at the intersection between bottom-up water demand and top-down water programs. After surveying the challenges associated with bottom-up and top-down planning approaches, we present recent efforts to strengthen district and block drinking water planning in the state of Maharashtra. A combination of district interviews, institutional history, village surveys, GIS visualization, and planning workshops were used to advance district planning goals and methods. Results assess bottom-up processes of water demand; top-down water programs and finance; and intermediate-level planning at the district and block scales. Discussion focuses on potential improvements in district planning methods in Maharashtra.
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Rohman, Fandy Aprianto. "TAYUBAN IN SAPARAN TRADITION IN TEGALREJO SUB-DISTRICT OF ARGOMULYO DISTRICT, SALATIGA." Jantra. 14, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52829/jantra.v14i2.93.
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Tegalrejo is the only sub-district in Salatiga that still preserves the tayuban, a traditional dance where men dance directly with women. The dance is performed each year as the climax in the village cleansing ceremony of the Saparan festival. The tayuban, which is an important function in the ceremony, has been passed down from generation to generation is well maintained by the people of Tegalrejo sub-district. The tayuban also functions as an entertainment for the local people. This qualitative research aims to describe the tayuban and its elements. The data were collected from interviews, observation, and available documents. The research has found that the elements of the tayuban include ledhek (female dancers), pengrawit (gamelan musicians), penjanggrung (men who dance together with ledheks), and offerings.
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Duffin, Christian. "District nursing courses shut down due to lack of students." Primary Health Care 23, no. 6 (July 2013): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc2013.07.23.6.4.s3.
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Shariff, Abusaleh. "District Development and Diversity Index: A Methodology That Promotes Evaluation and Assessment of Development and Welfare Programmes in India." Journal of Development Policy and Practice 2, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455133316676415.
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A common concern in the inclusive development discourses across India has been the lack of civil society and community level activities in the spheres of governance and participation in public spaces amongst the deprived and excluded communities. To address this issue, the author has first computed the ‘district development index’ for all districts of India, as well as ‘diversity’ (of the components of development) indices according to socio-religious community (SRC) groups, especially created from the raw data drawn from Government of India sources. Using these indices, a methodology is developed that supports a ȁresearch-cum-action’ programme that enables better implementation of a number of components of the government’s poverty alleviation initiatives and allows their monitoring and evaluation. The budgetary allocation flows down from the national level to the states and then to the districts; and the districts are the grassroots level budgetary depositories. Through them, funds are carried forward to urban municipalities, village panchayats and to the doorsteps of the communities living in them. Policy engagements of trained civil society and community groups have high potential to be heard, so as to address the issues of social, economic and educational entitlements. This article reports experiences from recent field visits and interactions with selected civil society and community organisations from the states of Rajasthan, Haryana, Assam, West Bengal and Karnataka.
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Krasno, Jonathan, Daniel B. Magleby, Michael D. McDonald, Shawn Donahue, and Robin E. Best. "Can Gerrymanders Be Detected? An Examination of Wisconsin’s State Assembly." American Politics Research 47, no. 5 (May 14, 2018): 1162–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x18767890.
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In October 2017, the Supreme Court heard an appeal of a November 2016 ruling striking down Wisconsin’s State Assembly districts as a Republican gerrymander that illegally dilutes the weight of Democratic votes. We take the opportunity to revisit this litigation to evaluate three proposed methods of detecting gerrymanders: the “efficiency gap,” a count of Assembly districts carried by statewide candidates, and the difference between the district-level partisan median and mean. The first two measures figure either centrally or peripherally in the plaintiffs’ case in Wisconsin, while the third is the approach we favor. We expand on the analysis offered at trial by evaluating how these measures fare across a variety of elections in Wisconsin and with the aid of 10,000 alternative Assembly maps drawn by computer. The alternative maps provide the appropriate baseline with which to gauge the level of vote dilution in Wisconsin and distinguish between the effect of residential geography and the Legislature’s actions. The results show that Wisconsin’s Assembly map is a substantial gerrymander according the median–mean comparison across all elections, while the two tests relied upon by the plaintiffs provide mixed results. We examine the measurement qualities of each test and show that the efficiency gap and districts-carried count both capture elements beyond partisan bias. We find no similar ambiguity with the median–mean comparison and conclude that the plaintiffs’ claim that Wisconsin’s Assembly map systematically dilutes the weight of Democratic votes is correct.
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J. Butchi Raju, S. B. Padal. "Traditional Knowledge of Konda Dora Tribes, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) 3, no. 4 (May 2013): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3013-034202228.
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Maziarz, Lauren. "Breaking Down the Administrative Barriers: Condom Availability in the School Setting." NASN School Nurse 33, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942602x17747206.
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School nurses are at the forefront of health resource decisions, education, and health advocacy in the school setting. When it comes to sex education and condom availability, navigating the politics and controversy surrounding student access and education is not an easy task. Moreover, recent research shows school administrators are not aware of sexual health issues in their district and are not typically supportive of condom availability, limiting evidence-based practice implementation in the school setting. At the district level, school nurses must recognize these challenges and develop plans to promote science-based interventions for students’ sexual health.
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Hargreaves, Andy, and Dennis Shirley. "Leading from the middle: its nature, origins and importance." Journal of Professional Capital and Community 5, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 92–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpcc-06-2019-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to cover a 10-year period in ten of Ontario’s 72 school districts on the nature, origins and importance of “leading from the middle” (LfM) within and across the districts. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a self-selected but also representative sample of ten Ontario school districts. It undertook three-day site visits in each of the districts, transcribed all the interviews and compiled an analysis into detailed case studies. Findings LfM is defined by a philosophy, structure and culture that promotes collaboration, initiative and responsiveness to the needs of each district along with collective responsibility for all students’ success. Research limitations/implications To be sustainable in Ontario, LfM needs support and resourcing from the top. The current environment of economic austerity therefore threatens sustainability. Globally, examples of LfM are emerging in at least three other systems. The analysis does not have identical questions or respondents in phases 1 and 2. Ontario’s version of LfM may differ from others. The collaborative design may downplay criticisms of LfM. Practical implications LfM provides a clear design for leading in complex times. Compared to top-down leadership the whole system can address the whole of students’ learning and well-being. LfM is suited to systems and cultures that support local democracy, community responsiveness and professional empowerment and engagement. Originality/value LfM is an inclusive, democratic and professionally empowering and responsive process that differs from other middle level strategies which treat the middle merely as a way of connecting the top and bottom to get government policies implemented more efficiently and coherently.
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Agier, L., A. Deroubaix, N. Martiny, P. Yaka, A. Djibo, and H. Broutin. "Seasonality of meningitis in Africa and climate forcing: aerosols stand out." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 79 (February 6, 2013): 20120814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0814.
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Bacterial meningitis is an ongoing threat for the population of the African Meningitis Belt, a region characterized by the highest incidence rates worldwide. The determinants of the disease dynamics are still poorly understood; nevertheless, it is often advocated that climate and mineral dust have a large impact. Over the last decade, several studies have investigated this relationship at a large scale. In this analysis, we scaled down to the district-level weekly scale (which is used for in-year response to emerging epidemics), and used wavelet and phase analysis methods to define and compare the time-varying periodicities of meningitis, climate and dust in Niger. We mostly focused on detecting time-lags between the signals that were consistent across districts. Results highlighted the special case of dust in comparison to wind, humidity or temperature: a strong similarity between districts is noticed in the evolution of the time-lags between the seasonal component of dust and meningitis. This result, together with the assumption of dust damaging the pharyngeal mucosa and easing bacterial invasion, reinforces our confidence in dust forcing on meningitis seasonality. Dust data should now be integrated in epidemiological and forecasting models to make them more realistic and usable in a public health perspective.
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Ruiz Pulpón, Ángel Raúl, and María del Carmen Cañizares Ruiz. "Enhancing the Territorial Heritage of Declining Rural Areas in Spain: Towards Integrating Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches." Land 9, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9070216.
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The population of a considerable number of rural areas in the interior of Spain is in decline. Faced with this problem, various institutions are launching initiatives to enhance the territorial heritage (natural and cultural) of these areas and, starting with a minimum of economic diversification, help to reverse these depopulation processes and promote local development overall. Two specific initiatives are analysed here: the Almadén Mining Park and the Molina-Alto Tajo District Geopark, both of which are located in central-southern Spain and have been officially recognised by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. These two examples allow us to demonstrate, as our main objective, the today importance of territorial revival processes that were initiated by institutions (top-down approach) and then backed up by increasing participation by the local communities (bottom-up approach), encouraged by, among other factors, rural development programmes. In this regard, two aspects are important: the need for an interrelationship between the two approaches in terms of collaborative governance, in order to minimise the current processes of depopulation and territorial dislocation; and the use of the potential synergy between the resources in these two districts to ensure the viability of the initiatives and provide visitors with a high-quality experience.
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Ladha, Rani S. "Coronavirus: A Framework to Decide Between National and Local Lockdown." Journal of Health Management 22, no. 2 (June 2020): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063420935546.
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This article offers a framework to help decide between national and local lockdown in response to the coronavirus pandemic. The approach is to find the optimum level of lockdown that balances the benefits (avoided ailments) of lockdown against its cost (arising from reduced economic output). With the path of the pathogen being unknown, India may have to consider a rolling lockdown: that is, open the economy which would probably risk a flare up of the virus due to increased human interaction, and before the virus hits a threshold shut down the economy to control the virus, and then open it again. This balancing act between opening and closing the economy is probably necessary till a remedy is found to deal with the virus. Finally, timely and reliable testing is the most preferred way because it can do two things at once: it can lower the transmission of ailments and make local lockdown far more viable by identifying critical areas and hotspots. Extensive testing would generate granular data of affected areas, which can limit application of rolling lockdown to the affected districts only. With the availability of granular data, the choice between national and local lockdown would become choice between district (say) and tehsil lockdown. The analysis below is framed in terms of national and local lockdown although it applies with respect to district and tehsil lockdown.
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Olukoga, Abiodun, and Geoff Harris. "Costs of district hospitals in South Africa." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 16, no. 4 (July 2005): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x05001600404.
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The district hospitals are an integral part of the district health system (DHS) in South Africa fulfilling several important functions. Using data obtained from relevant published reports. The district hospital costs were allocated using the ‘ingredients approach’ that combined a top-down method and step-down sequence. The costs in the treatment of patients were grouped into six cost centres: buildings, drugs, equipment, materials, personnel and utilities. The unit costs were broadly grouped into two categories using the hospital departments (fixed and variable costs) and input use (direct and indirect costs). More than 30% of the total public expenditure on hospitals in the country was on district hospitals between 1996/97 and 1998/99. They had more beds per population (1.08/1000) than other public hospitals. The bed occupancy rates in these hospitals were generally very low varying between 57% and 75%. The average length of stay (ALOS) was within acceptable range in the hospital except in Osindisweni hospital. Personnel costs were more than 70% and drugs only 3% to 6% of the total costs. McCord hospital was the most expensive using total and unit costs. Harrismith hospital had the lowest total costs and Osindisweni hospital the lowest unit cost. Most of the costs were fixed or direct costs in all the hospitals. There is the need for the adoption of measures to ensure that the hospitals are efficiently run while maintaining access for vulnerable groups.
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Pendharkar, Dinesh, and Chandramauli Tripathi. "Cancer site distribution in district hospital in central India." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e13627-e13627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e13627.
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e13627 Background: Many state governments have started district cancer care program to offer cancer services in district general hospitals. These places are most frequented by every level of population. The access is free, close to their residence and has an equitable atmosphere. The program created de-facto registry of local cancer patients. We, here analyze trends of various types of cancer in one such hospital of central India. Methods: All patients reporting to this unit for various support in cancer are registered with unique id. The registry takes their local residential details and details of the medical history related to cancer. They are offered support all through their journey of cancer from diagnostics to end of life care, palliative care. Data of 2014-2019 are analysed from District Ujjain in central India. Results: Total of 3562 patients were registered with proven diagnosis of cancer. There were 1805 male (50.7%) and 1757 females (49.3%.In female group age varied between 2to 97 years, with a mean of 51.41 and median age of 50 years. In male group,the age ranged between 1 to 92, with mean age of 53.46 and median of 55 years. The five commonest cancer amongst female included breast, head and neck, ovary, cervix and lung. In males the commonest five were-Head and neck, lung, prostate, oesophagus and colo-rectal (Table). The group of head and neck cancer include all sites of the head and neck area together. Conclusions: The pattern of cancer in districts is giving new geopathological information. It is clear that tobacco related cancer predominates in male and female both, but breast cancer is number one even in a relatively rural area. In female ovary is increasing and cervix is coming down compared to national data.In view of governments putting in extensive pressure on early detection schemes in India,this data is extremely important. Based on these realistic data, the strategy may be changed for the district. [Table: see text]
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Burke, Shane Michael. "5 Pointz down: the New York District Court ruling on ‘Graffiti Mecca’." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 4, no. 3 (July 2014): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2014.03.04.
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Kamal, S. "Mass Drug Administration (MDA) for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in Uttar Pradesh, India: Issues, Gaps & Challenges." Journal of Communicable Diseases 52, no. 03 (September 30, 2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202033.
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Uttar Pradesh is the largest state of India and is comprised of 75 revenue districts. 51 districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh are endemic for LF and are under Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (ELF). In order to ensure elimination of the disease from the people, the mass drug administration (MDA) is being observed in these 51 districts since 2004 by ensuring administration of drug Di-ethyl Carbamazine Citrate (DEC) alone once in a year according to the age excluding children <2years, pregnant women and seriously ill persons. Thereafter, 400 mg albendazole to >2 years age group was added with DEC since 2008. When both the drugs are administered together, the effect is on the adult worm too and therefore the parasite will be destroyed preventing the infected person from developing clinical manifestation. NVBDCP guidelines envisages that administration of drug to the 65% of the total population or 85% of the targeted population for five consecutive years will bring down the microfilarimia to <1% among the population, ultimately leading to the elimination of the disease after conducting Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) thrice at an interval of two years among the virgin/protected group of children i.e. 6-7 years. The Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) is conducted after ensuring <1% microfilariamia in 10 additional sites selected randomly.The state could subject only one district Rampur under post MDA surveillance, which cleared TAS-1 & TAS-2. The other districts subjected for TAS during 2016, 2017, 2018 & 2019 but could not qualify for conducting TAS in additional m.f. survey as microfilariamia during 2016, 2017, & 2018 was found >1% and during 2019, the antigenemia was found >2% in 13 districts. The possible gaps, issues and challenges at various levels of the programme implementation have been discussed in the present paper, the rectification of which may lead the state for achieving the goal of elimination of the disease.
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Stenson, Bo, Lamphone Syhakhang, Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, Bo Eriksson, and Göran. "PRIVATE PHARMACY PRACTICE AND REGULATION." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 17, no. 4 (October 2001): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462301107129.
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Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of government regulation of private pharmacy practice in a low-income country.Methods: The intervention comprised inspections of the pharmacies, information, and distribution of documents to drug sellers and sanctions. It was implemented at two different intensity levels, active and regular intervention. The methods used to assess the effect of the interventions were interviews with the district drug inspectors, drug sellers and customers, inspection of drug purchases, and indicator surveys of pharmacies. Indicators for pharmacy-specific quality as well as for dispensing quality were developed.Results: The main finding was one of strong overall improvements from initially low levels. The improvements were particularly marked by increases in the availability of essential materials for dispensing by 34% and in order in the pharmacy by 19%. Information given to customers increased from 35% to 51% and the mixing of different drugs in the same package went down from 17% to 9%. The pharmacies in the active intervention districts showed greater improvements for four of the six indicators, although statistically significant compared with the regular intervention districts only for the essential materials indicator.Conclusions: It was concluded that the regulatory activities have probably been an important factor behind the service quality improvements. It appeared feasible as well as effective to regulate private pharmacy practice in this particular low-income setting.
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Lan, Chien-Lun, Ramkumar Venkatanarayana, and Michael D. Fontaine. "Development of a Methodology for Determining Statewide Recurring and Nonrecurring Freeway Congestion: Virginia Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 6 (June 2019): 566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119850471.
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State transportation agencies working to alleviate congestion need to design appropriate and effective congestion mitigation strategies for each sub-region and corridor, but solutions to solve recurring and nonrecurring congestions problems differ. Past research shows large variations in the proportion of delay attributable to recurring and nonrecurring sources and cannot be readily used by other states to develop practical solutions. An affordable, automated, and sound delay estimation methodology that breaks down congestion cause components could bring some insights to this problem. This paper seeks to use traffic and event data elements that are commonly available to Departments of Transportation to develop a methodology that can be broadly adopted by states to estimate the magnitude of recurring and nonrecurring congestion. The methodology uses data commonly available to public agencies, and does not require additional data-collection efforts or periodic re-calibration processes. A case study with the Virginia Interstate network, covering over 2,200 directional miles, is summarized in this paper. The results show that nonrecurring congestion contributed to around 24% of total delays. The result also clearly shows that recurring congestion contributed to most of the delays in urban districts, whereas nonrecurring congestion contributed to most of the delays in more rural districts. It can, therefore, be concluded that the use of a static statewide congestion profile is not suitable for individual district needs.
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White, Thomas. "From Sent-down Youth to Scaled-up Town." Inner Asia 18, no. 1 (May 5, 2016): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340051.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years pastoral regions of western China have been subjected to significant spatial transformation in the name of economic development and environmental protection. Scholarly accounts of these regions have often focused on the state’s efforts to sedentarise herding households; this article, however, examines the significance of the administrative recategorisation of a pastoral district and the relocation of its centre, in line with the state’s policy of creating towns in rural areas. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Alasha, in the west of Inner Mongolia, I show how this particular transformation involved the combination of elements from two distinct spatial formations which characterised state territorialisation in this part of China in the early socialist period: the pastoral district or commune, and the military-agricultural colony. While much recent literature has highlighted the enduring legacy of pre-socialist spatiality in the face of the modern state’s projects of spatial reconfiguration, this article attends to the ways in which the spatial transformations of the early socialist period continue to reverberate today. I show how, for local ethnic Mongolians, the meanings inscribed upon the landscape during this period, and the infrastructural orientations which were established then, today sit awkwardly with official visions of an urban future.