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Journal articles on the topic 'DOWN STREEM LENGHT'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shabtaie, S., and C. R. Bentley. "Ice-Thickness Map of the West Antarctic Ice Streams by Radar Sounding." Annals of Glaciology 11 (1988): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500006443.

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Extensive radar ice-thickness sounding of ice streams A, B, and C, and the ridges between them, has been carried out. Closely spaced flight lines, as well as ties to numerous ground stations, have enabled us to compile a detailed ice-thickness map of the area. The map reveals a highly complex pattern of ice-thickness variations, which, because they are much larger than the surface relief, largely reflect the subglacial topography. Several cross-sectional profiles across the ice streams and ridges are shown, and a new configuration for Ice Stream A is presented.Ice Stream A is connected to Reed

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2

Shabtaie, S., and C. R. Bentley. "Ice-Thickness Map of the West Antarctic Ice Streams by Radar Sounding." Annals of Glaciology 11 (1988): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500006443.

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Extensive radar ice-thickness sounding of ice streams A, B, and C, and the ridges between them, has been carried out. Closely spaced flight lines, as well as ties to numerous ground stations, have enabled us to compile a detailed ice-thickness map of the area. The map reveals a highly complex pattern of ice-thickness variations, which, because they are much larger than the surface relief, largely reflect the subglacial topography. Several cross-sectional profiles across the ice streams and ridges are shown, and a new configuration for Ice Stream A is presented. Ice Stream A is connected to Ree

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3

Perkin, Joshuah S., Keith B. Gido, Jeffrey A. Falke, et al. "Groundwater declines are linked to changes in Great Plains stream fish assemblages." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 28 (2017): 7373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618936114.

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Groundwater pumping for agriculture is a major driver causing declines of global freshwater ecosystems, yet the ecological consequences for stream fish assemblages are rarely quantified. We combined retrospective (1950–2010) and prospective (2011–2060) modeling approaches within a multiscale framework to predict change in Great Plains stream fish assemblages associated with groundwater pumping from the United States High Plains Aquifer. We modeled the relationship between the length of stream receiving water from the High Plains Aquifer and the occurrence of fishes characteristic of small and

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4

Gürkan, elin Ertürk. "Circumstantial evidence of effect of trout farming on length-weight relations of native fish species: Barbus oligolepis (Battalgil, 1941) and Squalius cii (Richardson, 1857)." Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 9, no. 3 (2020): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2020.09.00282.

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This study was carried out to reveal how the aquaculture activities, located near the stream bed, effect the length-weight relations of native freshwater fish. Fish samples were collected on monthly for one year on the Kocabaş Stream (Çanakkale), a trout farm constructed next to stream. Fish specimens were collected from up and down sections of the trout farm and control station selected from another branch of the stream by electrofishing between August 2015-July 2016. The growth type sign; b value in length-weight relationship indicates that both species are in positive allometry at the down

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5

Mua, Kang Edwin, and Kometa Sunday Shende. "The Response of Stream Competence to Topographic and Seasonal Variations in The Bamenda-Menchum Drainage Basin, North West Region, Cameroon." Journal of Geography and Geology 11, no. 2 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v11n2p21.

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The flow direction of streams remains an establishing mechanism in understanding drainage basin function and stream competence. The ability of streams to erode, transport and deposit loads in fluvial geomorphology exert a benchmark precursor for slope dynamics given the differential geological outcrop of the Bamenda-Menchum basin. Such competence in stream network generates slope instability as materials continuously move down slope from the volcanic escarpment face of Bamenda highlands to the sedimentary lowland area of Lower Bafut-Menchum basin. This paper investigate the influence of stream

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6

Agarwal, N. K., and Gurnam Singh. "Documentation of fishes and physico-chemical characters of a stream Indrawati- a spring fed tributary of River Bhagirathi at Uttarkashi (Central Himalaya, Garhwal) India." Environment Conservation Journal 13, no. 3 (2012): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2012.130319.

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Most of the riverine resources in Garhwal region are mountainous and perennial either snow fed or spring originated. All these mountainous streams provide a good natural habitat for survival of hill stream fishes. Present communication deals with documentation of Ichthyofauna along with physico-chemical properties of a similar perennial spring fed stream Indrawati- a left side tributary of river Bhagirathi. It comes down from the hills of Baragari and through Joshiyara debouches into the river Bhagirathi at Uttarkashi (elevation 1128 masl). Major part of stream water is mainly abstracted for t

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7

Gilbert, O. L., and V. J. Giavarini. "The Lichen Vegetation of Acid Watercourses in England." Lichenologist 29, no. 4 (1997): 347–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1997.0090.

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AbstractThe lichen vegetation of forty-five acid watercourses in England is described and related to ecological variables. The zonation scheme adopted for chalk and limestone streams that involves four overlapping bands of lichen vegetation related to length of submergence is also appropriate for this habitat. The flora involves around 90 species, a number of which are rarely recorded specialists. Evidence is presented that substratum chemistry is a more powerful ecological factor than water chemistry. An attempt has been made to relate the lichen flora to homogeneous stream segments from the

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8

Lurie, I. K. "Determining the length of protective ravine barrier." Geodesy and Cartography 1005, no. 3 (2024): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2024-1005-3-24-29.

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The article deals with the processes of slope erosion, leading, in particular, to emerging a gully, its most dangerous type. The concentration of this process’ products in certain places on the slope leads to increased soil destruction and formation of narrow extended gaps, which quickly turn into wide ones. The ravine continuously increases in size as the destroyed soil is constantly carried out of it. Any known methods of combating this, to one degree or another, boil down to creating protective barriers which prevent liquid products of planar soil washout from entering the ravine. That is w

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9

Amrender Singh, Bachhal, Vogstad Klaus, Lal Kolhe Mohan, Chougule Abhijit, and Beyer Hans George. "Wake and Turbulence Analysis for Wind Turbine Layouts in an Island." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186406010.

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There is a big wind energy potential in supplying the power in an island and most of the islands are off-grid. Due to the limited area in island(s), there is need to find appropriate layout / location for wind turbines suited to the local wind conditions. In this paper, we have considered the wind resources data of an island in Trøndelag region of the Northern Norway, situated on the coastal line. The wind resources data of this island have been analysed for wake losses and turbulence on wind turbines for determining appropriate locations of wind turbines in this island. These analyses are ver

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10

Jumper, G. W., W. C. Elrod, and R. B. Rivir. "Film Cooling Effectiveness in High-Turbulence Flow." Journal of Turbomachinery 113, no. 3 (1991): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927899.

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The mechanisms influencing film cooling effectiveness on a flat plate in high free-stream turbulence using a single row of 30 deg slant-hole injectors are examined. The primary area of focus is the area within 40 diameters downstream of injection. Of interest are blowing ratios for optimum film cooling effectiveness within 10 diameters downstream of injection, and the decay of film cooling effectiveness down the plate. Film cooling flow Reynolds numbers. Re, from 24,700 to 86,600 and free-stream turbulence intensities from 14 to 17 percent were examined. Changes in Reynolds number or free-stre

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11

Wang, D., K. Li, and W. K. Teo. "Membrane vacuum stripping process for volatile organics removal from water using an asymmetric PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) hollow fiber membrane module." Water Supply 1, no. 5-6 (2001): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0101.

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The vacuum membrane stripping process (VMS) for removing a VOC (trichloroethylene) from water was studied in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane module containing 187 fibers with a length of 0.59 m. The porous PVDF asymmetric hollow fiber used was prepared by the wet phase inversion technique. The feed solution containing trichloroethylene (TCE) was passed through the lumen of the PVDF hollow fiber. Vapors of TCE and water were transported through the pores of the membrane into the shell side maintained at a sub-atmospheric pressure, and condensed in cold traps. The effects

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12

Zheng, Yuan, R. S. Barlow, and Jay P. Gore. "Spectral Radiation Properties of Partially Premixed Turbulent Flames." Journal of Heat Transfer 125, no. 6 (2003): 1065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1621902.

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Instantaneous spectral radiation intensities of three standard turbulent jet flames were measured and simulated in this study. In the simulation, a recently developed technique was adapted to reconstruct the local integral time and length scales in the flames. The simulated radiation properties, including mean, root mean square, probability density function, power spectral density and autocorrelation coefficient, were generally within 10% of the measurements. The macro time and length scales were found to increase with increasing distance from the axis and the radial averages of these scales w

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13

Antoniou, J., and G. Bergeles. "Development of the Reattached Flow Behind Surface-Mounted Two-Dimensional Prisms." Journal of Fluids Engineering 110, no. 2 (1988): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3243524.

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Velocity and turbulence measurements are presented for the region after reattachment behind a two dimensional surface-mounted prism of varying length. The prism is mounted on the floor of an open circuit blow down wind tunnel and flow parameters for the developing boundary layer are deduced from the measurements; longitudinal integral time and length scales are estimated through autocorrelations. Reattchment on top of the prism, due to its increased length, affects the characteristics of the developing boundary layer; in this case the shear layer originating from the up-stream edge of the pris

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14

Clarke, T. S., and C. R. Bentley. "High-resolution radar on Ice Stream B2, Antarctica: measurements of electromagnetic wave speed in firn and strain history from buried crevasses." Annals of Glaciology 20 (1994): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1994aog20-1-153-159.

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Two types of experiments were performed near Upstream B Camp on Ice Stream B2 using a high-resolution ground-penetrating radar system. In the first type of experiment, tracking a metal drill tip through the upper 85 m of the ice column indicated an approximately linear decrease of wave speed with depth down to 50 m, with a constant speed of 170 ± 4 m µs−1 below. We believe the (unexpected) linearity may have been caused by one or more buried crevasses. In the second experiment, a survey of a 250 km2 grid showed a population of buried crevasses at about 30 m depth that have an estimated burial

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15

Clarke, T. S., and C. R. Bentley. "High-resolution radar on Ice Stream B2, Antarctica: measurements of electromagnetic wave speed in firn and strain history from buried crevasses." Annals of Glaciology 20 (1994): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500016384.

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Two types of experiments were performed near Upstream B Camp on Ice Stream B2 using a high-resolution ground-penetrating radar system. In the first type of experiment, tracking a metal drill tip through the upper 85 m of the ice column indicated an approximately linear decrease of wave speed with depth down to 50 m, with a constant speed of 170 ± 4 m µs−1 below. We believe the (unexpected) linearity may have been caused by one or more buried crevasses. In the second experiment, a survey of a 250 km2 grid showed a population of buried crevasses at about 30 m depth that have an estimated burial

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16

Schoenwolf, Gary C. "Cell movements driving neuruiation in avian embryos." Development 113, Supplement_2 (1991): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.113.supplement_2.157.

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Neuruiation, formation of the neural tube, a crucial event of early embryogenesis, is believed to be driven by the coordination of a number of diverse morphogenetic cell behaviors. Such behaviors include changes in cell number (division, death), cell shape and size (wedging, palisading and spreading), cell position (rearrangement or intercalation) and cell–cell and cell–matrix associations (including inductive interactions). The focus of this essay is on epiblast cell movements and their role in shaping and bending of the neural plate. Neuruiation is a multifactorial process requiring both int

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17

Cai, Shixuan, Hongyan Shi, Guoqian Li, et al. "3D-Printed Concentration-Controlled Microfluidic Chip with Diffusion Mixing Pattern for the Synthesis of Alginate Drug Delivery Microgels." Nanomaterials 9, no. 10 (2019): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101451.

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Alginate as a good drug delivery vehicle has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the ionic gelation process between alginate and Ca2+, the violent reaction is the absence of a well-controlled strategy in the synthesizing calcium alginate (CaA) microgels. In this study, a concentration-controlled microfluidic chip with central buffer flow was designed and 3D-printed to well-control the synthesis process of CaA microgels by the diffusion mixing pattern. The diffusion mixing pattern in the microfluidic chip can slow down the ionic gelation process in the central stream. The partic

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18

Hayes, Sean A., Morgan H. Bond, Chad V. Hanson, et al. "Down, up, down and “smolting” twice? Seasonal movement patterns by juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a coastal watershed with a bar closing estuary." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 8 (2011): 1341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-062.

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We investigated emigration behavior, habitat use, and Na+,K+-ATPase activity levels of juvenile steelhead trout (sea-run rainbow trout; Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in Scott Creek, a small coastal watershed with a seasonally closed estuary in central California, USA. Migratory fish moved downstream in the spring with elevated Na+,K+-ATPase activity levels. Larger fish (>150 mm) moved downstream during February and March, leaving the stream, whereas fish moving between April and June were typically smaller and tended to recruit to the estuary. The Na+,K+-ATPase activity levels of estuarine fish var

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19

Ikhsan, Muhammad, Meylis Safriani, Cut Suciatina Silvia, and Refvina Dari. "Prediction of Land Erosion Events in the Down Stream Kreung Meureubo Watershed West Aceh District." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 1, no. 4 (2021): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v1i4.173.

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This study aims to predict the occurrence of erosion in the downstream Krueng Meureubo watershed, West Aceh Regency. Erosion is the loss of topsoil due to rain splash which is analyzed as a factor of rain erosivity, but the occurrence of erosion is not necessarily calculated by the occurrence of rain alone, but many other factors, such as soil erodibility, slope and length of land, land cover and the presence or absence of land conservation efforts. the. The Krueng Meurebo watershed shows a large sediment transport, with an indication that the river is getting shallower caused by sediment depo

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20

Plewan, Thorsten, Ralph Weidner, Simon B. Eickhoff, and Gereon R. Fink. "Ventral and Dorsal Stream Interactions during the Perception of the Müller-Lyer Illusion: Evidence Derived from fMRI and Dynamic Causal Modeling." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 10 (2012): 2015–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00258.

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The human visual system converts identically sized retinal stimuli into different-sized perceptions. For instance, the Müller-Lyer illusion alters the perceived length of a line via arrows attached to its end. The strength of this illusion can be expressed as the difference between physical and perceived line length. Accordingly, illusion strength reflects how strong a representation is transformed along its way from a retinal image up to a conscious percept. In this study, we investigated changes of effective connectivity between brain areas supporting these transformation processes to furthe

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21

Erf, Gisela F., Becky Lockhart, Olivia T. Bowen, Kristin Bateman, and ReGina C. Finley. "Using the chicken feather as a window into cell-mediated tissue responses (99.12)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (2007): S196. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.99.12.

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Abstract Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are typically tested by injecting the skin and monitoring the skin reaction. In chickens, various integumental tissues are suitable to measure the CMI reaction, including the wattle, wing web, toe web and foot pad. Using the Smyth line chicken vitiligo model to study the spontaneous autoimmune destruction of pigment cells in feathers, we have found that one growing feather-tip (3 mm diameter by 8 mm length) yields generous amounts of material for down-stream gene-expression-, histological-, and cell population-analyses. Moreover, growing feathers a

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22

Källo, Kristi, Henrik Baktoft, Niels Jepsen, and Kim Aarestrup. "Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) predation on juvenile down-migrating trout (Salmo trutta) in a lowland stream." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 2 (2019): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz227.

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Abstract Since in 1980s, the number of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) has increased all over its European distribution area. This has led to conflicts between bird conservation and fisheries. Mariager fjord in Denmark is an important feeding and transition area for a large population of migrating seatrout (Salmo trutta), but it also provides resting and breeding places for cormorants. Thus, juvenile anadromous salmonids migrating from the river to the sea may be exposed to high predation risk during a critical and vulnerable time in their development. A total of 31 123 down-mi

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23

OVCHINNIKOV, VICTOR, MEELAN M. CHOUDHARI, and UGO PIOMELLI. "Numerical simulations of boundary-layer bypass transition due to high-amplitude free-stream turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 613 (October 1, 2008): 135–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008003017.

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Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of bypass transition due to high-amplitude free-stream turbulence (FST) are carried out for a flat-plate boundary layer. The computational domain begins upstream of the plate leading edge and extends into the fully turbulent region. Thus, there is noad hoctreatment to account for the initial ingestion of FST into the laminar boundary layer. We study the effects of both the FST length scale and the disturbance behaviour near the plate leading edge on the details of bypass transition farther downstream. In one set of simulations, the FST parameters are chosen t

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24

Echelmeyer, Keith A., Barclay Kamb, and Barclay Kamb. "Stress-Gradient Coupling in Glacier Flow: II. Longitudinal Averaging in the Flow Response to Small Perturbations in Ice Thickness and Surface Slope." Journal of Glaciology 32, no. 111 (1986): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000015616.

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AbstractAs a result of the coupling effects of longitudinal stress gradients, the perturbations ∆u in glacier-flow velocity that result from longitudinally varying perturbations in ice thickness ∆h and surface slope ∆α are determined by a weighted longitudinal average of ϕh∆h and ϕα∆α, where ϕh and ϕα are “influence coefficients” that control the size of the contributions made by local ∆h and ∆α to the flow increment in the longitudinal average. The values of ϕh and ϕα depend on effects of longitudinal stress and velocity gradients in the unperturbed datum state. If the datum state is an incli

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25

Asaduzzaman, M., and Md Moshiur Rahman. "Impacts of Tipaimukh Dam on the Down-stream Region in Bangladesh: A Study on Probable EIA." Journal of Science Foundation 13, no. 1 (2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v13i1.27827.

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Amidst mounting protests both at home and in lower riparian Bangladesh, India is going ahead with the plan to construct its largest and most controversial 1500 mw hydroelectric dam project on the river Barak at Tipaimukh in the Indian state Manipur. In the process, however, little regard is being paid to the short and long-term consequences on the ecosystem, biodiversity or the local people in the rivers watershed and drainage of both upper and low reparian countries. This 390 m length and 162.8 m. high earthen-rock filled dam also has the potential to be one of the most destructive. In India

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26

Mustaffa, Z., N. Rajaratnam, and David Z. Zhu. "An experimental study of flow into orifices and grating inlets on streets." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 7 (2006): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-031.

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Findings are described from a laboratory-scale model of flow through orifices on manhole covers and through three types of grating inlets used by the City of Edmonton. The results demonstrated that the flow through these orifices can be calculated using an orifice equation with a coefficient of discharge equal to 0.616 in a ponding situation but decreasing with an increase in the Froude number of the flow. The roughness of the manhole cover was found to slow down this reduction. For the three gratings, the inflow can be calculated with an orifice type of equation when the gratings are submerge

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27

Echelmeyer, Keith A., and Barclay Kamb. "Stress-Gradient Coupling in Glacier Flow: II. Longitudinal Averaging in the Flow Response to Small Perturbations in Ice Thickness and Surface Slope." Journal of Glaciology 32, no. 111 (1986): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000015616.

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AbstractAs a result of the coupling effects of longitudinal stress gradients, the perturbations ∆uin glacier-flow velocity that result from longitudinally varying perturbations in ice thickness ∆hand surface slope ∆α are determined by a weighted longitudinal average ofϕh∆handϕα∆α, whereϕhandϕαare “influence coefficients” that control the size of the contributions made by local ∆hand ∆α to the flow increment in the longitudinal average. The values ofϕhandϕα depend on effects of longitudinal stress and velocity gradients in the unperturbed datum state. If the datum state is an inclined slab in s

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28

Sigalos, G., V. Loukaidi, S. Dasaklis, and A. Alexouli-Livaditi. "ASSESSMENT OF THE QUANTITY OF THE MATERIAL TRANSPORTED DOWNSTREAM OF SPERCHIOS RIVER, CENTRAL GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 2 (2017): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11239.

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It is well known that streams are an integral part of a natural ecosystem. The Sperchios valley is crossed by a large number of seasonal or permanent flow streams and rivers, out of which the Sperchios river can be distinguished, not only for its length but also for the area surrounded by the boundaries of its drainage system. The present study is aimed to estimate the quantity of the transported material at the mouth of Sperchios River. For this purpose we applied the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model to the Sperchios drainage network in a Geographical Information Systems (GI

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29

Maison, Alice, Cédric Flageul, Bertrand Carissimo, Yunyi Wang, Andrée Tuzet, and Karine Sartelet. "Parameterizing the aerodynamic effect of trees in street canyons for the street network model MUNICH using the CFD model Code_Saturne." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 14 (2022): 9369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9369-2022.

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Abstract. Trees provide many ecosystem services in cities such as urban heat island reduction, water runoff limitation, and carbon storage. However, the presence of trees in street canyons reduces the wind velocity in the street and limits pollutant dispersion. Thus, to obtain accurate simulations of pollutant concentrations, the aerodynamic effect of trees should be taken into account in air quality models at the street level. The Model of Urban Network of Intersecting Canyons and Highways (MUNICH) simulates the pollutant concentrations in a street network, considering dispersion and physico-

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30

Tereshchenko, Dmitry P., Egor A. Peganov, Sergei N. Smetanin, et al. "Measurement of Multi-Stokes Ultrashort Pulse Shapes of Synchronously Pumped Stimulated Raman Scattering on Combined Vibrational Modes in a BaWO4 Crystal." Crystals 12, no. 4 (2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12040495.

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Multi-Stokes ultrashort pulse shapes and their relative positions of synchronously pumped stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) on combined primary and secondary vibrational modes in a BaWO4 crystal are investigated. An original method of its simultaneous measurement with the help of a streak camera has been developed. The structure of SRS pulses at the pulse shortening effect down to the pulse duration, close to the dephasing time of the secondary Raman mode of the BaWO4 crystal, is registered and analyzed for the detuning of the Raman laser cavity length.

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31

Lua, A. C., and R. F. Boucher. "Magnetic Filtration of Fine Particles from Gas Streams." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 207, no. 2 (1993): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_214_02.

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Dust particles from the basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process were removed from air streams using a laboratory high-gradient magnetic filter. Particle sizes and number concentrations were determined by an optical particle spectrometer and were found to be largely in the submicrometre range. Dust loadability increased greatly when a magnetic field was applied and showed no deterioration in filter performance, even though the matrix had captured 10 times its own volume of dust. Particle penetrations of 1 per cent and less were achieved for submicrometre particles down to an optically measurab

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32

MARCOU, C. "SPENDING BEACHES FOR A WAVE CANAL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 5 (2011): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v5.20.

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The principal obstacle to the production of a pure wave in a laboratory-wave canal of short length is the presence of a wave reflected from the down-stream extremity of the canal. Different artifices are used to reduce the value of the coefficient of reflexion. It is of important to see that these setups occupy as small a length of the canal as possible.  We have undertaken the study of a simple mechanism, easily constructed, whose parameters can be defined rigourously and whose action is consequently consistent. The different parameters can be varied systematically so that the val

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33

Dotto, A., D. Barsi, D. Lengani, D. Simoni, and F. Satta. "Effect of free-stream turbulence properties on different transition routes for a zero-pressure gradient boundary layer." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 5 (2022): 054102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086343.

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The natural and bypass routes to boundary-layer transition to turbulence are traditionally investigated independently in fluid mechanics applications. Nevertheless, in certain flow regimes both mechanisms could coexist and interact. In this work, large-eddy simulations (LES) were performed for a zero-pressure gradient boundary layer developing over a flat plate to investigate the transition mechanism for variable free-stream turbulent properties. Four different combinations of turbulence intensity and integral length scale were analyzed, and two main transition mechanisms were observed. High f

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34

Gururani, Kalpana, Bahadur Singh Kotlia, Pooja Chand, et al. "Morphometric Analysis of Tectonically Active Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal Lake Basin, Kumaun Himalaya." Current World Environment 18, no. 2 (2023): 855–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.32.

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Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal region, which is an integral part of the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, is sensitive to natural disasters and has a fragile environment as a result of neotectonic activity along the thrust and secondary thrust/faults. With regard to neotectonic activity, this study aims to comprehend the tectonic instability of the basin. Morphometric analysis is a computable research of landforms that is crucial to understanding how the landscape has evolved in response to nearby tectonic activity. In present exercise we have calculated ten morphometric indices, viz., Valley floor width-height r

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Mănucu-Adameșteanu, Gheorghe, Panait Panait, Andrei Măgureanu, and Adina Boroneanț. "Centrul istoric al Bucureştilor. Cercetările arheologice din anii 2007-2009. Probleme de restaurare - conservare - valorificare." CaieteARA. Arhitectură. Restaurare. Arheologie, no. 1 (2010): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47950/caieteara.2010.1.12.

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"In 2007 started the Project for the Street and Utilities Rehabilitation – Pilot Area – Th e Historic Centre of Bucharest over an area bordered by Victoria Avenue – Brătianu Boulevard – Lipscani Street – Independence Boulevard. On nine streets (21763 m2) numerous buildings (brick or wood) were identifi ed, as well as cemeteries and various structures of public or private character. Some of them are better known, such as the inns on Lipscani Street, some of them aren’t, but all of them together tell the story of the birth and development of a town. Zlătari Inn During the 2007 campaign of archae

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Vlach, P., J. Dušek, M. Švátora, and P. Moravec. "Growth analysis of chub, Leuciscus cephalus (L.), and dace, Leuciscus leuciscus (L.), in the Úpoř stream using growth data of recaptured marked fish." Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, No. 7 (2011): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4174-cjas.

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The length growth of chub and dace was observed. The scale method was used as well as data gained from recaptured individuals which were marked with visible elastomer tags and platinum wire tags with a coloured code placed under the first bony ray of the dorsal fin. The length-weight relationship for chub could be explained by the equation w = 0.00001.l <sup>3.067</sup> (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.96). The average condition coefficient reached 1.49. The growth was balanced, gradually slowing down. Von Bertallanffy growth equation had the form L<sub>t </sub>= 245.47(1

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Bakke, Paul D., Michael Hrachovec, and Katherine D. Lynch. "Hyporheic Process Restoration: Design and Performance of an Engineered Streambed." Water 12, no. 2 (2020): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020425.

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Stream restoration designed specifically to enhance hyporheic processes has seldom been contemplated. To gain experience with hyporheic restoration, an engineered streambed was built using a gravel mixture formulated to mimic natural streambed composition, filling an over-excavated channel to a minimum depth of 90 cm. Specially designed plunge-pool structures, built with subsurface gravel extending down to 2.4 m, promoted greatly enhanced hyporheic circulation, path length, and residence time. Hyporheic process enhancement was verified using intra-gravel temperature mapping to document the dis

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Kumaran, V. "Dense shallow granular flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 756 (September 3, 2014): 555–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.412.

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AbstractSimplified equations are derived for a granular flow in the ‘dense’ limit where the volume fraction is close to that for dynamical arrest, and the ‘shallow’ limit where the stream-wise length for flow development ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}L$) is large compared with the cross-stream height ($h$). The mass and diameter of the particles are set equal to 1 in the analysis without loss of generality. In t

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Medville, Douglas. "Rock Pigeon Cave, Colorado: development and mineralogy." Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 85, no. 3/4 (2023): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4311/2023es0104.

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The late Cretaceous Mancos Shale in western Colorado contains several vadose caves developed entirely within the shale. The largest of these, Rock Pigeon Cave, is over 300 m in length and contains a seasonal stream. The cave, and others like it, is hypothesized to develop as a result of the oxidation of disseminated pyrite in the shale by descending meteoric water with resulting sulfate ions reacting with the carbonate component of the shale to produce gypsum. The gypsum pries apart the shale, increasing its secondary porosity, and allows flowing water to remove shale particles via corrasion.

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BRZEK, BRIAN, SHEILLA TORRES-NIEVES, JOSÉ LEBRÓN, RAÚL CAL, CHARLES MENEVEAU, and LUCIANO CASTILLO. "Effects of free-stream turbulence on rough surface turbulent boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 635 (September 10, 2009): 207–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009007447.

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Several effects of nearly isotropic free-stream turbulence in transitionally rough turbulent boundary layers are studied using data obtained from laser Doppler anemometry measurements. The free-stream turbulence is generated with the use of an active grid, resulting in free-stream turbulence levels of up to 6.2%. The rough surface is characterized by a roughness parameterk+≈ 53, and measurements are performed at Reynolds numbers of up toReθ= 11300. It is confirmed that the free-stream turbulence significantly alters the mean velocity deficit profiles in the outer region of the boundary layer.

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McIntosh, S. C., and N. Qin. "The influence of transition onset location on the performance of shock control bumps." Aeronautical Journal 117, no. 1196 (2013): 1037–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000008678.

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Abstract In order to investigate the robustness of three dimensional bumps on shock control for natural laminar-flow wings, the impact of transition onset location on the overall performance of the shock control device was studied. For a ramp bump, a moderate ramp start angle θ r =4° was found to effectively fix the location of the leading leg of the shock lambda, decreasing chord-wise movement in the main shock position resulting from variations in transition onset location. With increasing transition onset length from xtrans =0% chord to 45% chord, little influence was found regarding the ov

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KUMARAN, V. "Dense granular flow down an inclined plane: from kinetic theory to granular dynamics." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 599 (March 6, 2008): 121–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211200700002x.

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The hydrodynamics of the dense granular flow of rough inelastic particles down an inclined plane is analysed using constitutive relations derived from kinetic theory. The basic equations are the momentum and energy conservation equations, and the granular energy conservation equation contains a term which represents the dissipation of energy due to inelastic collisions. A fundamental length scale in the flow is the ‘conduction length’ δ=(d/(1-en)1/2), which is the length over which the rate of conduction of energy is comparable to the rate of dissipation. Here, d is the particle diameter and e

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Sołowczuk, Alicja, and Przemysław Gardas. "Effect of the Parking Lane Configuration on Vehicle Speeds in Home Zones in Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (2020): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020588.

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Nowadays, traffic calming measures that are designed to influence the drivers’ behaviour in the first place and thus make them slow down (and increase the safety of traffic as a result) are used increasingly often in traffic engineering. As a rule of thumb, carefully planned street geometry and street furniture should advise the drivers of the traffic calmed area ahead of them, which makes them reduce the vehicle speed by influencing their perception. One of the most common treatments are road narrowings and horizontal deflections of the route of travel. The reduction of the vehicle speed incr

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Mohammed-Taifour, A., Q. Schwaab, J. Pioton, and J. Weiss. "A new wind tunnel for the study of pressure-induced separating and reattaching flows." Aeronautical Journal 119, no. 1211 (2015): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000010265.

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AbstractThe design, construction, and validation of a new academic wind tunnel is described in detail. The wind tunnel is of a classical, blow-down type and generates a pressure-induced, turbulent separation bubble on a flat test surface by a combination of adverse and favorable pressure gradients. The Reynolds number, based on momentum thickness just upstream of separation, is Reθ≃ 5,000 at a free-stream velocity ofUref= 25ms−1. The length of the separation bubble is estimated at 0°42 ± 0°02m by three different methods. Results of a numerical simulation demonstrate the absence of flow separat

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SHYAMALA, S., and Dr G. AYYAPPAN. "Transient Solution of M[X]=G=1 With Second Optional Service, Bernoulli Schedule Server Vacation and Random Break Downs." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 3 (2013): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v3i3.1722.

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In this model, we present a batch arrival non- Markovian queueingmodel with second optional service, subject to random break downs andBernoulli vacation. Batches arrive in Poisson stream with mean arrivalrate (> 0), such that all customers demand the rst `essential' ser-vice, wherein only some of them demand the second `optional' service.The service times of the both rst essential service and the second op-tional service are assumed to follow general (arbitrary) distribution withdistribution function B1(v) and B2(v) respectively. The server may un-dergo breakdowns which occur according to P

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Haller, M., B. Brümmer, and G. Müller. "Results from the DAMOCLES ice-buoy campaigns in the transpolar drift stream 2007–2009." Cryosphere Discussions 7, no. 4 (2013): 3749–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-3749-2013.

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Abstract. During the EU research project DAMOCLES 18 ice buoys were deployed in the region of the Arctic transpolar drift (TPD). Sixteen of them formed a square with 400 km side-length. The measurements lasted from 2007 to 2009. The properties of the TPD and the impact of synoptic weather systems on the ice drift are analysed. Compared to Nansen's drift with the vessel Fram the measured speed of the TPD is here almost twice as fast. Within the TPD, the speed increases by a factor of almost three from the North Pole to the Fram Strait region. The hourly buoy position fixes show that the speed i

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Peterson, Curt D., and Sarah R. Doliber. "Groundwater Surface (GWS) Mapping by Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) For Use in Protecting Freshwater Habitats, Water Quality, and Active Dune Landscapes, In the Florence Coastal Dune Sheet, Oregon, USA." Journal of Geography and Geology 11, no. 1 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v11n1p13.

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiling was performed in the Florence (FLOR) coastal dune sheet to test relations between remotely-sensed groundwater surface (GWS) trends, measured groundwater phreatic surfaces, and overlying freshwater features/habitats. Following preliminary GPR testing, the GWS trend mapping was employed in the north FLOR dune aquifer (17 km in length and 5 km in width), in anticipation of increasing development pressures on aquifer groundwater withdrawal by the City of Florence, Oregon. Several available technologies, including continuously-towed GPR profiling (5-8 km/hr)

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Pierini, Stefano, Pierpaolo Falco, Giovanni Zambardino, Thomas A. McClimans, and Ingrid Ellingsen. "A Laboratory Study of Nonlinear Western Boundary Currents, with Application to the Gulf Stream Separation due to Inertial Overshooting*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 11 (2011): 2063–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jpo4514.1.

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Abstract Various dynamical aspects of nonlinear western boundary currents (WBCs) have been investigated experimentally through physical modeling in a 5-m-diameter rotating basin. The motion of a piston with a velocity up that can be as low as up = 0.5 mm s−1 induces a horizontally unsheared current of homogeneous water that, flowing over a topographic beta slope, experiences westward intensification. First, the character of WBCs for various degrees of nonlinearity is investigated. By varying up, flows ranging from the highly nonlinear inertial Charney regime down to a weakly nonlinear regime c

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Roshka, N. M. "ORGANIZATION OF THE 5S RIBOSOMAL DNA INTERGENIC SPACER OF APAMEA MONOGLYPHA (LEPIDOPTERA)." Biolohichni systemy 15, no. 1 (2023): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2023.01.026.

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A significant part of the moth species, representatives of the superfamily Noctuoidea distributed on the territory of Ukraine, are pests of crops, which attracts special attention of researchers. In particular, host plants for the larvae of the Apamea species are cereals. For the correct identification of the pest moth speciesit is necessary to conduct molecular genetic studies to create molecular passports (barcoding). One of the convenient molecular markers used to compare low-ranking taxa is the 5S rDNA region represented by tandemly arranged clusters, where each repeat unit consists of a h

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Bugaev, V. F. "Relationship between size-weight parameters of soсkeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts emigrated from Lake Azabachye (Kamchatka River basin) in 1979–2013 and abundance of mature fsh in the sea in 1982–2016". Izvestiya TINRO 195 (27 грудня 2018): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2018-195-128-139.

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Two groups of juvenile sockeye salmon are feeding in Lake Azabachye. They belong to the 2nd order stock of the lake (stock A) and to other 2nd order stocks of middle and down stream tributaries of the Kamchatka River which underyearlings migrate into the lake for feeding and wintering (group E). The main part of the stock A leaves the lake to the sea at the age 2+ (mainly 2.3) and the youngsters of the group E migrate to the sea at the age 1+ (mainly 1.3). The body length and weight parameters of the stock A smolts at the age 2+ and the group E smolts at the age 1+ could be similar or dissimil

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