Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Download Impact'

Nutzungsdaten von elektronischen wissenschaftlichen Publikationen und insbesondere die Anzahl ihrer Downloads rücken mit der Verbreitung des Internets zunehmend in den Blickpunkt des Interesses der Autoren, der Herausgeber, der technischen Anbieter und der Nutzer solcher Publikationen. Downloadzahlen von Publikationen, welche durch Auswertung der Protokolle der IT-Systeme der Anbieter ermittelt werden, sind solche Nutzungsdaten. Die Erhebung erfolgt durch Filterung aller stattgefundenen Zugriffe und Summierung über eine definierte Zeiteinheit. Downloadzahlen sind Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen, in welchen das Konzept des Citation Impact auf die Nutzungshäufigkeit einer Publikation übertragen und der sogenannte Download Impact gebil-det wird. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dem Zusammenhang von Citation Impact und Download Impact gewidmet. Handelt es sich um Open-Access-Publikationen, muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass in den Downloadzahlen nicht nur menschliche, sondern auch maschinelle Zugriffe erfasst wurden, da eine sichere Unterscheidung unmöglich ist. Das hat zur Folge, dass die gewonnenen Daten für die einzelnen Publikationen unzuverlässig sind und starken Schwankungen unterliegen. Trotzdem enthalten sie wertvolle Informationen, welche mit Hilfe der Mathematischen Statistik nutzbar gemacht werden können. Mit nichtparametrischen Methoden ausgewertet, geben Downloadzahlen Auskunft über die Sichtbarkeit von elektronischen Publikationen im Internet. Diese Methoden bilden den Kern von NoRA (Non-parametric Repository Analysis), mit deren Hilfe die Betreiber von Open Access Repositories die Downloadzahlen ihrer elektronischen Publikationen auswerten können, um Sichtbarkeitsdefizite zu ermitteln und zu beheben und so die Qualität ihres Online-Angebotes zu erhöhen. Die Analysemethode NoRA wurde auf die Daten von vier universitären Institutional Repositories erfolgreich angewendet. Es konnten jeweils Gruppen von Publikationen identifiziert werden, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer Nutzung signifikant unterscheiden. Die Parallelen in den Ergebnissen weisen auf Einflussfaktoren für die Nutzungsdaten hin, welche in der gegenwärtigen Diskussion bisher keine Berücksichtigung finden. Hier erschließen sich weitere Anwendungsfelder für NoRA. Gleichzeitig geben die Ergebnisse Anlass, den Informationsgehalt von Downloadzahlen für die einzelne Publikation kritisch zu hinterfragen.
With the spread of internet usage over the past decades, access characteristics of electronic scientific publica-tions, especially the number of document downloads, are of increasing interest to the authors, publishers, technical providers and users of such publications. These download data of publications are usually obtained from the protocols of the IT systems of the provider. A data set is then created by filtering all accesses and subsequent summarizing over a certain time unit. Download data are the subject of scientific investigations, in which the concept of the Citation Impact is applied to the rate of use of a publication and the so-called Download Impact is formed. Special attention is paid to the relation between Citation Impact and Download Impact. In the case of Open Access publications, two types of access need to be distinguished. Human access and machine access are both captured and a reliable distinction is not possible yet. As a result, the data obtained for single publications are unreliable and subject to strong fluctuations. Nevertheless, they contain valuable information that can be made useful with the help of mathematical statistics. Analyzed with nonparametric methods, download data give information about the visibility of electronic publications on the Internet. These methods form the core of NoRA (Non-parametric Repository Analysis). With the help of NoRA, the operators of Open Access Repositories are able to analyze the download data of their electronic publications, to identify and correct deficiencies of visibility and to increase the quality of their online platform. The analytical method NoRA was successfully applied to data from Institutional Repositories of four universities. In each case, groups of publications were identified that differed significantly in their usage. Similarities in the results reveal factors that influence the usage data, which have not been taken into account previously. The presented results imply further applications of NoRA but also raise doubts about the value of download data of single publications.

La régénération tissulaire est un processus de remplacement des cellules perdues ou endommagées lors d'une blessure. La sénescence cellulaire est une réponse physiologique au stress caractérisée par un arrêt du cycle cellulaire stable. Mon doctorat vise à étudier la sénescence in vivo lors de la régénération musculaire, y compris son identité, ses fonctions et sa dynamique. Nous avons précédemment démontré que la sénescence induite par blessure favorise la reprogrammation dans le muscle squelettique. Mon projet vise à étudier la biologie de la sénescence lors de la régénération musculaire de manière systémique. Premièrement, j'ai montré que la sénescence atteignait son maximum au 3ème jour après la blessure et se terminait au 15ème jour après la blessure. Ensuite, j'ai trouvé que les FAPs (Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors) sont les principales cellules qui deviennent sénescentes. Par ailleurs, les FAPs sénescents améliorent peut-être la myogenèse in vitro de manière paracrine. P57 est le principal inhibiteur de CDK qui permet l’induction de la sénescence associée aux FAPs. En effet, il y a une réduction significative de la sénescence induite par blessure chez les souris P57KO. Enfin, nous avons trouvé que Mcl-1 est surexprimé dans les FAPs sénescents, ce qui suggère l'utilisation potentielle d’inhibiteurs de MCL-1 comme drogues sénolytiques. Dans l’ensemble, mon doctorat montre que les FAPs sont sénescents lors d'une lésion musculaire, via P57 et pourraient être important pour la régénération musculaire en favorisant la myogenèse. Ces découvertes soutiennent fortement le rôle bénéfique de la sénescence lors de la régénération musculaire
Tissue regeneration is a process of replacing lost or damaged cells upon injury. Cellular senescence is a physiological response to stress characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest and is associated with various biological and pathological processes. My Ph.D. project aims to investigate in vivo senescence during muscle regeneration, including its identities, functions, and dynamics. It has been demonstrated that cellular senescence could facilitate optimal wound healing. We previously demonstrated that injury-induced senescence promotes reprogramming in the skeletal muscle, notably through IL-6 (Chiche et al., 2017). Firstly, I showed that senescence was peaking at day 3 post-injury and terminated by day 15 post injury. Then, I found that FAPs is the primary cell type that becomes senescent by RNA sequencing (both bulk population and single-cell). Besides, senescent FAPs enhance myogenesis in vitro in a paracrine manner. Of note, P57 is the major CKI which mediates the FAPs-associated senescence. Importantly, there is a significant reduction of the injury-induced senescence in the P57 null mice. Lastly, we found Mcl-1 is overexpressed in the senescent FAPs, suggesting the potential usage of MCL-1 inhibitors as senolytic drugs.Taken together, my ph.D show that FAPs are senescent upon muscle injury, which is P57-dependent and might be important to muscle regeneration by enhancing myogenesis. These findings strongly support a beneficial role of senescence during muscle regeneration, which has direct implications in muscular degenerative diseases and muscle aging

Le vieillissement de la population s’accompagne de pathologies chroniques, productrices de dépendance, dont la principale cause est le déclin cognitif et la démence, empêchant un vieillissement en bonne santé. Les troubles visuels, fréquents dans la population âgée et insuffisamment pris en charge, pourraient représenter une piste pour la prévention de ces pathologies chroniques. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était d’analyser le retentissement des troubles visuels sur la perte d’autonomie et les troubles cognitifs du sujet âgé et d’évaluer dans quelle mesure l’amélioration de la vision des personnes âgées pourrait améliorer leur état de santé. Ces travaux ont été réalisés à partir des données de 9294 participants de l’étude des Trois-Cités (3C) et de 963 participants de l’étude ophtalmologique Aliénor, nichée dans la cohorte 3C. Ces cohortes comportent des données détaillées de cognition, de dépendance et de vision. Dans notre étude, nous avons estimé que 38,8% des personnes âgées avaient des erreurs de réfraction (myopie, astigmatisme, hypermétropie) mal ou non corrigées par des lentilles ou lunettes de vue. Une dépendance plus élevée a été retrouvée à partir d’une acuité visuelle de loin inférieure à 8/10ème et près de 1/5 de la dépendance pourrait être évitée par des lentilles ou lunettes de vue adaptées. Les troubles visuels ont été associés à un risque augmenté de démence au cours de 12 ans de suivi, avec un risque plus élevé chez les personnes présentant de façon conjointe des troubles dépressifs. En revanche, aucune association longitudinale n’a été retrouvée avec le déclin cognitif. Ces travaux apportent des arguments pour justifier d'une meilleure prise en charge des troubles visuels en prévention de la dépendance ; toutefois des études complémentaires semblent nécessaires pour conforter l'impact des troubles visuels sur la démence
With the ageing of the population there is an increase of chronic pathologies, leading to functional limitations. Cognitive decline and dementia are the main causes of these limitations, preventing healthy ageing. Visual impairment, frequent in the elderly population and insufficiently managed, could represent a pathway for the prevention of these pathologies. The main objective of this work was to analyze the impact of visual impairment on activity limitations and cognitive impairment and to evaluate to what extent the improvement of vision could improve cognitive and functional health. This work was based on the analysis of 9294 participants from the Three City (3C) cohort and 963 participants from the Alienor ophthalmological study, nested in the 3C study. Detailed data on cognition, activity limitations and vision are available in these cohorts. In our study, we estimated that 38.8% of older adults had refractive errors (myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia) which were poorly or not corrected by lenses or glasses. An effect of visual impairment on activity limitations has been found from a visual acuity less than 20/25 and nearly 1/5 of limitations could be avoided by best-achieved optical correction. Visual impairment was also associated with an increased risk of dementia over a 12-year follow-up period, with a higher risk in participants with both visual impairment and depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, no longitudinal associations were found with cognitive decline. This thesis provides supplementary arguments to promote a better management of visual impairment in prevention of functional limitations; however, further studies are needed to study the impact of visual impairment on cognitive decline and dementia

Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação
O objetivo deste projeto pretende contribuir para o estudo de mercado das aplicações móveis em Portugal. Ao perceber e interpretar o feedback dos utilizadores portugueses os programadores, designers, comerciais e todas pessoas envolvidas nos lançamentos de aplicações poderão investigar e investir mais em aspetos, configurações e características que os utilizadores encontrem ser mais importantes e relevantes levando, então, quer ao sucesso da equipa, quer à satisfação dos utilizadores. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo através da formulação de um questionário, onde foram definidas variáveis com base nas preferências gerais de análise dos utilizadores e ainda com base nas normas internacionais criadas pela organização ISO, mais especificamente as normas ISO/IEC 9126-1:2000 e a ISO/IEC 25012. Posteriormente foi feita uma análise estatística com recurso a dois softwares Microsoft Office Excel e IBM SPSS Statistcs 25, que permitiram organizar a informação, assim como obter os resultados dos testes e análises estatísticas. Concluiu-se que, para os utilizadores portugueses, os comentários detalhados são mais impactantes que os comentários emocionais, que a avaliação geral de uma aplicação tem mais valor que os comentários e ainda que a norma ISO/IEC 9126-1:2000 é mais importante para a avaliação de uma aplicação.
The objective of this project will contribute to the market study of mobile applications in Portugal. By understanding and interpreting feedback from Portuguese users the developers, designers, commercials and everyone involved in releasing applications will be able to investigate and invest more in aspects, configurations and features that users find to be most important and relevant, thus leading to both team's success and user satisfaction. To this end, a study was carried out through the formulation of a survey, where variables were based on the general preferences of users analysis and also based on the international standards created by the ISO organization, specifically ISO / IEC 9126-1: 2000 and ISO / IEC 25012. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was performed using two softwares, the Microsoft Office Excel and the IBM SPSS Statistcs 25, which allowed the information to be organized, as well as find the results of the tests and statistical analyzes. It was possible to conclude that for the Portuguese users, detailed comments are more impactful than emotional comments, that the overall evaluation of an application has more value than comments, and that ISO / IEC 9126-1: 2000 is most important for the evaluation of an application.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

La résistance aux antibiotiques est une menace mondiale qui conduit à un besoin urgent de développement de nouveaux antibiotiques. L'étude du mécanisme d'inhibition des cibles des antibiotiques est cruciale pour le développement de nouvelles molécules. Le caractère essentiel du peptidoglycane, le composant majeur de la paroi bactérienne, ainsi que soixante-dix ans d'utilisation des β-lactamines ont fait de la polymérisation du peptidoglycane une cible attractive et validée pour les antibiotiques. Les protéines de liaison à la pénicilline (PLP) ont longtemps été considérées comme les seules enzymes catalysant l’étape essentielle de réticulation du peptidoglycane. La thèse explore l'inhibition d'une famille distincte d'enzymes, les L,D-transpeptidases (LDT), qui jouent un rôle prépondérant dans la réticulation chez Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nous avons montré que l'efficacité d'inhibition des LDT par les β-lactamines est principalement régie par la réactivité du noyau β-lactame. Nous proposons que l'acylation des LDT par les β-lactamines implique la formation d'un intermédiaire, une amine anionique, suivie d'une étape irréversible qui est essentielle pour l'activité antibactérienne. Une approche par spectroscopie de fluorescence a été développée pour explorer les mécanismes d'inactivation et évaluer l'efficacité de nouvelles molécules. Nous avons également identifié une nouvelle famille de molécules, les diazabicyclooctanes (DBO), qui inactivent les LDT par la formation d'un thio-carbamoyl-enzyme. Nous discutons de plusieurs stratégies basées sur le mécanisme d’inactivation pour l’optimisation rationnelle d’inhibiteurs appartenant aux familles des β-lactamines et des DBO
Antibiotic resistance is a growing and global threat to human health that has led to an acute need for the development of new antibiotics. Elucidating the mechanism of inhibition of antibiotic targets is crucial for the development of more potent drugs. The essentiality of peptidoglycan and more than seventy years of successful use of β-lactams have made polymerization of this major cell wall component an attractive and validated target for drug development. Active-site serine Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) have long been considered as the only enzymes catalyzing the essential cross-linking step of peptidoglycan polymerization. The thesis explores inhibition of a distinct family of enzymes, the active-site cysteine L,D-transpeptidases (LDTs), that have a preponderant role in peptidoglycan synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We show that the efficacy of LDT inhibition by β-lactams is primarily governed by the reactivity of the four-membered ring. We propose that acylation of LDTs by β-lactams proceeds through formation of an amine anion intermediate, followed by a subsequent irreversible step that is essential for the antibacterial activity of the drugs. A fluorescence spectroscopy approach enabling kinetic analyses of the acylation steps was developed to explore inactivation mechanisms and to evaluate the efficacy of new synthetic drugs. We also identify diazabicyclooctanes (DBOs) as new pharmacophores that inactivate LDTs by formation of a thio-carbamoyl-enzyme. We discuss several mechanism-based strategies for rational optimization of LDT inhibitors belonging to the β-lactam and DBO families

Les troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) sont caractérisés par des déficits de communication sociale et des comportements répétitifs, qui résultent d’altérations de la connectivité cérébrale. Le gène CNTNAP2, codant Caspr2, a été associé aux TSA, avec de nombreux variants hétérozygotes faux-sens identifiés chez les patients. Cependant, des variants faux-sens sont également présents dans les sujets contrôles, questionnant leur pouvoir pathogène. Par des approches in vitro et in vivo, nous identifions ici de nouvelles fonctions de Caspr2 au cours du développement axonal et apportons la preuve que certains des variants pourraient impacter ces fonctions. Nous démontrons que Caspr2 régule de manière dose-dépendante la croissance axonale des neurones corticaux en culture, les neurones Cntnap2+/- présentant un phénotype intermédiaire par rapport aux neurones sauvages et Cntnap2-/-. Nous montrons également que Caspr2 participe in vivo au développement des axones de deux tractus interhémisphériques myélinisés majeurs, le corps calleux et la commissure antérieure. Des analyses morphométriques et de microscopie électronique révèlent des modifications morphologiques de ces structures et des altérations des contacts axo-axonaux et du diamètre axonal chez les souris Cntnap2+/- et Cntnap2-/- tout au long du développement. En utilisant des approches in vitro et la croissance axonale comme test biologique, nous montrons en outre que certains variants présentent un effet dominant-négatif ou une perte de fonction dans un contexte génétique Cntnap2+/-, suggérant qu’ils pourraient affecter la connectivité cérébrale et ainsi contribuer aux manifestations des TSA
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviours. Alterations in brain connectivity are the most replicated findings in ASD patients. The CNTNAP2 gene, coding Caspr2, has been associated to ASD, with a large number of missense heterozygous variants identified in patients. However, some missense variants have also been found in the control population, questioning their pathogenicity. Here, using in vitro and in vivo approaches we identify new functions for Caspr2 in axonal development and provided proof of principle that some variants could impact these functions. We report that Caspr2 is involved in axon growth of cortical neurons in culture in a dose-dependent manner, with Cntnap2+/- neurons presenting an intermediate phenotype between wild type and Cntnap2-/- neurons. We also show that Caspr2 is required in vivo for the development of axons projecting into two major interhemispheric myelinated tracts, the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure. Performing morphometric and electron microscopy analyses we detect morphological modifications of these structures and alterations in axo-axonal contacts and axonal diameter in both Cntnap2+/- and Cntnap2-/- mice throughout development. Using in vitro assays and axon growth as read-out, we further show that some of the variants display either a dominant-negative effect or a loss-of-function in a Cntnap2+/- genetic background, suggesting that they could alter brain connectivity and thus contribute to the manifestations of ASD

碩士
國立中央大學
資訊管理學系
102
Since the advent of smartphones from just a few years, the market is growing. Almost everyone now have an own smartphone. Smartphone brings many varied functions and new experiences by mobile apps. Apps developer all want these apps will be noticed, because if the app can not attract people's attention that will be ignore to download. Therefore, in the app development process, an important issue how attracts users attention from enormous apps, while "Icon" will be a key factor. The main purpose of this study was explored how icon design can bring more attention to app download by icon design attributes and visual dominance and meaning. Using 12 different apps types of situations, it was desirable to give more accurate Icon design suggestions for different types of App. Let apps developers can full use of the conclusion of this study in order to achieve the purpose of increased willingness to download. After a study found that the visual dominance and meaning really have a positive association with the users reaction of download apps and can be designed through the five design attribute (Activity, Balance, Complexity, Depth and Organic). In order to promote user choice because icon and click or download the App.

碩士
淡江大學
國際企業學系碩士班
102
Based on Technology Acceptance Model, this study aims to discuss whether MobileWord-of-Mouth(mWOM) would influence consumer’s perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use, which further affects consumers’ intentions to download APPs to their mobile devices. In addition, this study adds Hofstede’s (1980) National Culture constructs as the moderating variables. This study used a questionnaire survey to verify the hypothesized relationships. We receive 620 valid questionnaires, and the data was analyzed using SPSS and LISREL. All the hypothesized relationships are supported. For the moderation effects, results suggests that collectivism/individualism, power distance and uncertainty avoidance significantly moderates the relationship between mobile word-of mouth and perceived usefulness; mobile word-of mouth and perceived ease of use; perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness; perceived usefulness and intentions to download; perceived ease of use and intentions to download.

碩士
世新大學
資訊管理學研究所(含碩專班)
104
The popularity of mobile devices, driven by the development of mobile applications (Apps）. There are over 4.2 million Apps in the Apple Store and Google Play. Face a huge mobile application market, it is a very important issue of how to attract users to download and use for mobile applications developers. Therefore, this study was to investigate factors affecting users to download App mobile application. Furthermore, the technology acceptance model is to explore a user on the intended use of new information technology, and to verify the theory of the behavior of most of the use of technology. In recent years, the rise of social networking site, change a user's surfing habits. So this study is based on the theory of technology acceptance model (TAM), and added two important social behavior theories that eWOM and Network Externalit.Download the free App for people who have app user to do survey. Through research and understand the impact of the reasons for users to download and offers some adivice to operators.

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
行銷與流通管理研究所
103
The study aims to investigate the impact of “from free to fee” and permission marketing on App download intention. In order to avoid the interference comes from other external factors, the two factors between-subject design were used, and conducted as 2(from free to fee: free and fee) ×2(permission levels: high and low). There are 146 subjects to attend the experiment, include 66 males and 80 females. Additionally, we employ “from free to fee” (i.e. free to fee and fee to free) to be a between-subject experiment design which generates two situations wholly. The results show that, the free App leads higher download intention than the App with a fee, and the App with higher permission level leads higher download intention than the App with lower permission level. The interaction effect of “from free to fee” and permission marketing on App download intention is not significant. The main effect is significant, but the interaction effect is still not significant after adding gender as the moderator. The App download intention between man and woman is significantly different. Finally, this study presents the theory and managerial implications for reference in future research and industry application. Keywords: From free to fee, Permission marketing, Gender, App download intention.

碩士
大同大學
事業經營學系(所)
106
With the rapid changes in the times, the development of e-books has become an industry that has subverted man's habits of information contact since ancient times. Innovative history brings unlimited possibilities. However, under the foreseeable huge business opportunities of e-booksellers in the future, the ensuing problems of piracy will also become increasingly rampant, causing economic damage not to be underestimated. Therefore, based on the theory of planned behavior, this study attempts to extends attitude toward the behavior (social importance, moral obligation, perceived risk), subjective norms (normative sensitivities, collectivism), and perceived behavioral control (self-efficacy, convenience). Predict the download intent of pirated e-books by factors and add the interference of idol worship to test the correlation between piracy and purchase. This research takes Internet users in Taiwan as the research object by online-survey. Based on the information in the questionnaires from the 227 respondents we tested the hypotheses proposed in the model. The results show that: (1) Moral obligation and normative sensitivity have a significant negative impact on the intention of downloading pirated electronic books. (2) Collectivism, self-efficacy and convenience have a significant positive impact on intention of downloading e-books. (3) social importance, perceived risk of piracy e-book download intention is not significant. (4) The intention of downloading of pirated e-books has a significant negative impact on the purchase intention of legitimate e-books, while the effect of idol worship on the intention of downloading e-books is not obvious. Finally, this study also put forward relevant discussions based on empirical results, and explain the meaning of the theoretical and management aspects and suggestions for future research.