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1

Lindström, Malin, and Anette Svensson. "Barn som har Downs syndrom och deras skolgång : föräldrarnas möjlighet att välja skolform och hur de ser på sina barns skolgång." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för kultur-, religions- och utbildningsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-10727.

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Sammanfattning Samarbetet med föräldrar är en viktig faktor för att barnens förskoletid och skolgång ska bli så bra som möjligt. Utifrån detta är syftet med vårt examensarbete att få en inblick i hur föräldrar till barn som har Downs syndrom ser på sina barns skolgång. Vår frågeställning lyder:  Vilken möjlighet att välja skolform för sina barn upplever de föräldrar som svarat på enkäten att de har?  Hur ser de föräldrar som svarat på enkäten på sina barns skolplacering?  Om de föräldrar som svarat på enkäten hade möjlighet att välja, vad avgjorde deras val?  Har barnens födelseår någon påverkan för hur föräldrarna har svarat? För att få svar på våra frågor valde vi att använda oss av en enkät. Enkäten lämnades ut till 32 stycken familjer och av dessa var det fem föräldrar som svarade. Bland de fem svar vi fick var det tre barn som var integrerade elever i grundskolan och två som gått inom träningsskolan. De föräldrar som haft sina barn inom träningsskolan gav svar som visade på ett totalt missnöje med barnens skolgång, medan de som hade barn inom grundskolan gav positiva svar. Barnens födelseår hade påverkan på föräldrarnas möjlighet att välja skolform.
Abstract Cooperation with parents is an important factor to make the children’s preschool and schooling as good as possible. The purpose of our thesis is to gain an insight into how parents of children with Down syndrome see at their children's schooling. Our questions are: What possibilities for choice of school for their children perceive the parents who responded to the questionnaire that they have? How do these parents regard their child’s school allocation? If any of the parents had a say in the placing of their child what was the deciding factor for their choice? Has the children’s year of birth impact on how parents have responded? In order to get an answer to our questions, we chose to use a questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent out to thirty-two families and of these, there were five who answered. Among the five answers we received were three children who were integrated pupils in primary school and two who were enrolled in the training school. The parents who had their children in the training school gave answers that indicated a total dissatisfaction with their children’s schooling, while those who have children in elementary school gave a positive response. The children’s year of birth had impact at the parents’ opportunity of the selection of school form.
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2

Bergström, Charlotta, and Linda Englin. "Föräldrars erfarenheter av stöd från sjukvårdspersonal när deras barn diagnostiserats med Downs syndrom under det första levnadsåret : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Medicin- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22801.

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Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of intellectual disability in children. The child has an extra chromosome in the 21st chromosome pair. It is important that the nurse is comfortable within their own field of knowledge in order to give every individual the specific care they need. Becoming a parent is a major event in people's lives and it can be fraught with joy and anxietya bout the future. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe parents' experiences of support from the health care professionals when the child is born with DS and the experiences of support during the child's first year. The aim was further more to describe the included articles data collections methods. Method: A literaturere view with descriptive design. The literature contains ten scientific articles with both qualitative and quantitative approach. The articles were collected through PubMed and Cinahl. The authors reviewed articles and looked for similarities and differences that could form the basis of the result. Main result: The literature review shows that parents of children with DS are concerned about the future when support and information from nurses and health care professionals is inadequate. The parents feel unprepared for the parent hood. The results of this review were based on both qualitative and quantitative articles. Interviews, surveys and questionnaires were used as data collection methods in these articles.    Conclusion: This literature demonstrates the importance of good communication between parents and health care professionals. The lack of informative and emotional support creating anxiety and fear among parents. Having a child with DS is something that can change the lives of the entire family. The nurse has an important role in providing adequate support to the whole family.
Bakgrund: Downs syndrom (DS) är den vanligaste orsaken till en intellektuell funktionsnedsättning hos barn. Barnet har en extra kromosom på det 21:a kromosomparet. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan är trygg inom det egna kunskapsområdet för att kunna ge varje individ den specifika vård den behöver. Att bli förälder är en stor händelse i människors liv och det kan vara förenat med både glädje och oro inför framtiden. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva föräldrars erfarenheter av stöd från sjukvårdspersonal när barnet föds med DS samt erfarenheter av stöd under barnets första levnadsår. Syfte var även att studera de valda artiklarnas datainsamlingsmetoder. Metod: En litteraturstudie med beskrivande design. Litteraturstudien innehåller tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Artiklarna samlades in via PubMed och Cinahl. Författarna granskade artiklarna samt letade efter likheter och skillnader som kunde ligga till grund för resultatet. Huvudresultat: Litteraturstudien visar att föräldrar till barn med DS känner oro inför framtiden när stödet och informationen från sjuksköterskan och sjukvårdspersonalen är bristfällig. Föräldrarna känner sig oförberedda på föräldraskapet. Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie baserades på både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar. Datainsamlingsmetoder som användes i dessa artiklar var intervjuer, enkäter samt frågeformulär. Slutsats: Föreliggande litteraturstudie visar på betydelsen av god kommunikation mellan förälder och sjukvårdspersonal. Bristen på upplysande och känslomässigt stöd kan skapa oro och rädsla hos föräldrar. Att få ett barn med DS är något som kan förändra livssituationen för hela familjen. Sjuksköterskan har därför en viktig roll i att ge ett fullgott stöd till hela familjen.
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3

Larsson, Malin, and Caroline Käck. "Kärlek räknar inte kromosomer : En litteraturstudie om att leva med Downs syndrom ur ett föräldraperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30064.

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Parents of children with Down syndrome have high demands on their parenting because of the care and needs of the child, which also applies throughout life. The purpose of this literature study was to invetigate parent's experiences of living with a child with Down syndrome. Based on the purpose of this study relevant keywords were chosen and used in the systematic searches. Four themes emerged after the processing and review of the result articles. These four themes were: anxiety, acceptability, challenges and support. the result showed that parents of children with Down syndrome felt concern and anxiety but also joy and love for their child. It also emerged that the support in their life was seen as a great asset in order to cope with the difficulties they might be facing. In healthcare parents could sometimes feel a lack of continuity and a bad attitude from healtcare personal which was identified as a risk of poor quality of care. In order to provide the best possible support and care to the parents, healthcare personal and persons in the parents' surroundings need to be aware and have an understanding of the parents' situation. Daring to meet the parents and their child is essential to build a good relationship and provide good care. Furthermore, it would be interesting to explore nurses' experiences of caring for people with Down syndrome.
Det ställs stora krav på föräldrar till barn med Downs syndrom på grund av barnens omvårdnadsbehov genom hela livet. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie varatt undersöka föräldrars upplevelse av att leva med ett barn med Downs syndrom. Utifrån syftet valdes relevanta sökord ut som användes i systematiska sökningar. Fyrateman framkom efter bearbetning och granskning av resultatartiklar. Dessa fyrateman var: oro, acceptans,utmaningar och stöd. I resultatet framkom det att föräldrar till barn med Downs syndrom kändeorooch bekymmermen också en glädje och kärlek till sitt barn. Det framkom också attstödet i föräldrarnas liv sågs som en stor tillgång för att klara av de svårigheter de kunde ställas inför. Inomsjukvården kunde föräldrar ibland känna en brist på kontinuitet och ett dåligtbemötande från vårdpersonalen vilket identifierades som risk för dålig kvalitet på vården. För att kunna ge bästa möjliga stöd och omvårdnad till föräldrarna krävs det att både vårdpersonal och personer i föräldrarnas omgivning har en medvetenhet och förståelse för föräldrarnas situation. Att våga möta föräldrarna och deras barn är väsentligt för att bygga upp en bra relation och kunna ge en god vård. Vidare vore det intressant att utforska sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda personer med Downs syndrom.
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4

Almstedt, Julia, and Petra Gustafsson. "Känslor hos föräldrar till barn med Downs syndrom : Skillnader mellan mödrar och fäder." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3948.

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Studien bygger på en sammanställning av tidigare insamlad och ej bearbetad data. Syftet med studien var att jämföra om det fanns några skillnader kring känslor hos mödrar och fäder till barn med Downs syndrom (DS). 80 mödrar respektive 79 fäder deltog i studien. De fick svara på en enkät gällande känslor under en tidsperiod på tre månader tillbaka. Barnens medelålder var 4,7 år då föräldrarna besvarade enkäten. Enkäten som användes i föreliggande studie bestod av 21 stycken känslouttryck som skulle skattas på en Visuell Analog Skala (VAS) från 0-10. Resultatet visade att mödrar och fäder till barn med DS skattade ”glad” högst och ”förkrossad” lägst. ”Glad”, ”arg” och ”ledsen” var signifikant högre hos mödrarna jämfört med hos fäderna. Fäderna skattade ”bitter/dyster” signifikant högre än mödrarna. För övrigt fanns inga signifikanta skillnader mellan föräldrarna. Totalt skattade mödrar och fäder de positiva känslouttrycken högre än de negativa. Resultatet i studien tyder på att mödrar och fäder till barn med DS inte är i behov av könsanpassad utan istället individanpassad stöttning och vägledning.


 This study is based on a compilation of previously collected and unprocessed data. The purpose of the study was to compare whether there were any differences between the feelings of mothers and fathers of children with Down syndrome (DS). 80 mothers and 79 fathers participated in the study. The children´s average age was 4,7 years when the parents answered the questionnaire. They were responding to a questionnaire concerning feelings over a period of three months. The survey that was used in the study consisted of 21 emotional expressions that would be estimated on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of 0-10. The results showed that both mothers and fathers of children with DS estimated "happy" highest and "devastated" lowest. "Happy", "angry" and "sorry" was significantly higher in mothers compared to fathers. Fathers estimated "bitter / gloomy" significantly higher than the mothers. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the parents. Both mothers and fathers estimated the positive emotional expressions higher than the negative. The results of the study interpret that mothers and fathers of children with DS are not in need of gender-adapted but personalized support and guidance.

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5

Pettersson, Kamilla, and Jessica Ståhl. "Att bli förälder till ett barn med Downs Syndrom : En studie av självbiografier." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-2632.

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Målet med den här studien var att beskriva upplevelsen av att få ett barn med Down Syndrom. Vi valde att använda oss av självbiografier då det inte har gjorts så många kvalitativa studier inom detta ämne i Sverige. Vår kvalitativa innehållsanalys följer modellen: Att analysera berättelser (Friberg, 2006). Resultatet blev åtta teman: Personalens påverkan i samband med förlossningen, ovisshet och oro vid den första misstanken, upplevelser i samband med beskedet, upplevelse av skuld, flykt och misslyckande, upplevelse av sorg och smärta, omgivningens reaktioner och påverkan, fördomar och oro inför framtiden och så blev vardagen. Resultatet visar att nyblivna föräldrar till barn med Downs Syndrom har ett stort behov av stöd från omvårdnadspersonalen. Föräldrarna beskriver en väldigt påfrestande situation som kräver uppmuntran från omgivningen. De beskriver också svårigheter med att hantera de egna fördomarna. Omvårdnadspersonal bör känna till hur viktigt det är med adekvat information om Downs Syndrom. Föräldrarna behöver detta för att bearbeta sina förutfattade meningar men också för att delge denna information till släktingar och vänner. Genom en god förståelse för hur föräldrarna upplever sin situation kan omvårdnadspersonal bättre tillgodose föräldrarnas behov.


 

The aim of the study was to describe the experience of becoming a parent to a child with Down Syndrome. We chose to analyse autobiographies since there are few qualitative studies made in Sweden in this area. To do our qualitative content analysis we used Fribergs (2006) method to analyse narratives, which resulted in eight themes: The nursing staff's impact during and after childbirth, uncertainty and dread at the first suspicion, experiences in connection with the reply, to experience feelings of blame and escape and failure, to experience sorrow and pain, reactions and impact from the environment, prejudices and dread for the future and everyday existence. The results indicates that becoming a parent to a child with Down Syndrome means a great need of support from the nursing staff. The parents describe a very stressfull situation that requires encouraging from the environment. They also describe difficulties in handling their own prejudices. Nursing staff should know how important it is with adequate information about Down Syndrome, the parents need it to control their prejudices and also inform their relatives and closest friends. By understanding this situation nursing staff can meet the parents needs and requirements.

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Saltvedt, Sissel. "Prenatal diagnosis in routine antenatal care : a randomised controlled trial /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-549-6/.

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7

Theuer, Cathrine, and Stina Nivér. "Föräldrar till barn med Downs Syndrom : Skillnader i upplevelser av stöd mellan mödrar och fäder." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-267.

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Every year 120 children with Downs Syndrome is born in Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate if there were any differences between mothers and fathers of children with Downs Syndrome regarding: experience of support from health care personnel and physicians in the time of delivery and from who parents sought most emotional support.

Participants of the study was 80 mothers and 79 fathers that answered a questionnaire. There was a difference between parents if they thought they received support from health care personnel, mothers (59 %) and fathers (38 %) thought that they didn’t receive support. Emotional support sought mothers (52 %), in grater wideness then the fathers (23 %), with other families with handicapped children. Both mothers (79 %) and fathers (77 %) answered that they sought the mort emotional support with there spouse.


Varje år föds cirka 120 barn med Downs Syndrom i Sverige. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns skillnader mellan mödrar och fäder till barn med Downs Syndrom i form av: upplevelser av stöd från vårdpersonal i samband med förlossningen samt från vem eller vilka föräldrarna sökt mest emotionellt stöd. Medverkande i studien var 80 mödrar och 79 fäder som besvarat en enkät. Det fanns en skillnad mellan föräldrarna om de ansåg att de fått stöd från vårdpersonal, mödrarna (59 %) och fäderna (38 %) tyckte att de ej fått stöd. Emotionellt stöd sökte mödrarna (52 %) i större utsträckning än fäderna (23 %) hos andra föräldrar till handikappade barn. Både mödrar (79 %) och fäder (77 %) uppgav att de sökt mest emotionellt stöd hos sin partner.

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Bertilsson, Sara, and Ida Larsson. "UPPLEVELSEN AV ATT VARA FÖRÄLDER TILL ETT BARN MED DOWNS SYNDROM : En kvalitativ litteraturstudie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74711.

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Bakgrund: Downs syndrom är en funktionsnedsättning till följd av en extra kromosom 21. Orsaken till diagnosen är oklar men sannolikheten ökar vid en kvinnans stigande ålder. Föräldrar till ett barn med Downs syndrom är i stort behov av stöd från närstående och professionellt stöd från vården. Många gånger beskrivs stödet från familj och närstående som stresslindrande medan vårdpersonalens stöd upplevs som otillräckligt.     Syfte: Syftet var att belysa upplevelsen av att vara förälder till ett barn med Downs syndrom.   Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie valdes som metod. Sökningar efter vetenskaplig litteratur gjordes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Analysmetoden som användes var en manifest innehållsanalys. Efter bearbetning och kvalitetsgranskning inkluderades tio artiklar till resultatet.   Resultat: Chock, sorg och oro var representativt hos samtliga föräldrar. Föräldrarnas livsvärld förändrades. Det visade sig att acceptans hos föräldrarna var en viktig faktor för att i större utsträckning kunna uppskatta livet som förälder till ett barn med Downs syndrom.   Slutsats: När ett barn föds som inte överensstämmer med föräldrarnas förväntningar tenderar livsvärlden att förändras. Föräldrarna kunde successivt se det unika och fantastiska med det som till en början verkade skrämmande. Den kärlek som barnet ger beskrevs som något utöver det vanliga, något fantastiskt annorlunda.
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McDonald, Susan. "Pheromonal modification of growth and maturation in mice (Mus musculus) : the role of Robertsonian translocations." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245453.

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10

Murray, Marion Frances. "'Ups and downs' : juggling the uncertainty of parental disclosure of Down's syndrome to their sons and daughters." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323104.

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11

Hill, Elizabeth Anne. "Prevalence and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome in adults with Down syndrome." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22917.

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Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) is characterised by repeated cycles of upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to diurnal symptoms. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are predisposed to this as the DS phenotype overlaps with OSAHS risk factors. Around 2-4% of the general adult population and 55% of children with DS have OSAHS but, to date, no large-scale study has assessed OSAHS prevalence or efficacy of treatment in DS adults. This study aimed to: 1) Systematically assess subjective and objective OSAHS prevalence; 2) Assess the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in an adult DS population. Standard questionnaires including pictorial Epworth Sleepiness Scale (pESS) and Developmental Behaviour Checklist for Adults (DBC-A) were sent to UK adults aged ≥16yr with DS and their caregivers. All questionnaire responders were invited to undergo home polygraphy. Symptomatic adults with DS with ≥10 apnoeas/hypopnoeas per hour in bed (AH) on home polygraphy were invited to participate in a prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) of CPAP v. lifestyle advice, with review at 1, 3, 6 and 12m. Participants in the lifestyle arm were offered CPAP at 1m. Standard measurements of sleepiness, behaviour, cognitive function and general health were undertaken. Standard statistical analyses were conducted, with significance set at p < 0.001 to control for multiple testing. Of 5270 questionnaires sent, 1105 responses were valid (21%). Responders (55% males) were overweight/obese young adults: mean BMI 29.0±6.8kg/m2; mean age 28±9 years. Women had a higher BMI (p < 0.0001), but collar size was greater in men (p < 0.0001). Mean pESS scores were broadly within the normal range (7±5/24). No significant gender differences in OSAHS symptoms were noted. Individuals with probable OSAHS had higher pESS and DBC-A scores, and significantly more symptoms of OSAHS. Subjective OSAHS prevalence was estimated at 35%. Of the 790 individuals invited, 149 underwent polygraphy, with 134 valid studies obtained: mean AH 21.8(10.9-42.7); mean oximetry desaturation index (ODI) 6.6(2.3-20.0). No significant gender differences were observed. Forty-two percent of participants met standard clinical diagnostic criteria for OSAHS. Twenty-eight eligible adults with DS (19 male) were randomised: age 28±9yr; BMI 31.5±7.9kg/m2; AH 28.6(14.8-47.9); ODI 7.3(1.8-21.9); pESS 11±6/24. Groups did not differ significantly at baseline. By 12m, 4 participants had withdrawn (all remaining participants on CPAP). The pESS (p=0.001), DBC-A Disruptive (p < 0.0001) and Kaufmann Brief Intelligence Test verbal subscale (p=0.001) scores improved significantly. This first large study of OSAHS prevalence in the adult DS population estimates a prevalence of 35-42% - around 10 times higher than in the general adult population. Sustained, significant improvements in sleepiness, cognitive function and behavioural/emotional outcomes with CPAP use over a 12m period were demonstrated during this first RCT of CPAP in adults with DS. A larger trial of CPAP in this population is warranted.
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Gonzalez, Engkvist Camilla. "Arbetsterapeutiska interventioner för barn med Downs syndrom : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Hälsa och rehabilitering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73881.

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Syftet med studien var att, genom granskning av vetenskapliga artiklar, undersöka olika former av arbetsterapeutiska interventioner för barn med Downs syndrom. Insamlingen av data genomfördes genom en litteratursökning via databaser som fanns att tillgå via Luleå tekniska universitet. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades för att avgöra om de var lämpliga att inkludera i studien. Totalt identifierades 18 artiklar som legat till grund för studien. Resultatet visade att det finns arbetsterapeutiska interventioner för barn med Downs syndrom. De identifierade arbetsterapeutiska interventionerna kategoriserades utifrån Fishers (2009) sex interventionsformer: “preparation”, “rote practice/exercise”, “simulated occupation”, “restorative occupation”, “acquistional occupation” och “adaptive occupation”. Dock inkluderades artiklarnas interventioner endast av fyra av Fishers (2009) sex interventionsformer. Vidare undersöktes det om artiklarnas arbetsterapeutiska interventioner skedde på aktivitets-eller funktionsnivå. Resultatet av litteraturöversikten visade på att den större andelen av de arbetsterapeutiska interventionerna för barn med Downs syndrom sker på funktionsnivå, det vill säga utifrån de interventioner som Fisher (2009) beskriver som: “preparation”, “rote practice/exercise” och “simulate
The purpose of the study was to investigate available types of occupational therapeutic interventions for children with Down's syndrome by reviewing scientific articles. Data collection was carried out through a literature search through databases that were available through Luleå University of Technology. The articles were quality-reviewed to determine if they were suitable for inclusion in the study. In total, 18 articles were identified as the basis for the study. The results showed that there are occupational therapy interventions for children with Down's syndrome. The identified occupational therapeutic interventions were categorized based on Fisher's (2009) six forms of intervention: "preparation", "rote practice / exercise", "simulated occupation", "restorative occupation", "acquistional occupation" and "adaptive occupation". However, the interventions of the articles were included only by four of Fisher's (2009) six intervention forms. Furthermore, it was examined whether the articles' occupational therapeutic interventions took place at the level of activity or function. The result of the literature review showed that the larger proportion of the occupational therapeutic interventions for children with Down syndrome occurs at the functional level, that is, based on the interventions that Fisher (2009) describes as: "preparation", "rote practice / exercise" and "simulated occupation”.
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Grimberg, Nickolina, and Jacobsson Susann Schatz. "Fysisk aktivitet vid Downs syndrom : En litteraturstudie om de hälsofrämjande aspekterna." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38669.

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Bakgrund: Idag lever personer med Downs syndrom längre än vad de tidigare har gjort. De tenderar att ha ett stillasittande liv vilket genererar olika komplikationer och följdsjukdomar. Fysisk aktivitet förebygger och behandlar folksjukdomar hos den generella populationen. För att främja hälsa ska sjuksköterskan utföra hälsofrämjande omvårdnad. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa betydelsen av hälsofrämjande fysisk aktivitet hos personer med Downs syndrom. Metod: Studien är utformad som en allmän litteraturstudie. Resultat: Datamaterialet analyserades och tre huvudteman framkom: Hälsofrämjande fysisk aktivitet ger positiva fysiska effekter, Hälsofrämjande fysisk aktivitet ger ökat välbefinnande samt Hälsofrämjande fysisk aktivitet främjar socialt samspel. Fysisk aktivitet förebygger många av de sjukdomar som personer med Downs syndrom riskerar att drabbas av. Fysisk aktivitet förbättrade hälsan hos personer med Downs syndrom. Resultaten som kunde läsas ur litteraturen var minskat kroppsfett, lägre blodtryck, ökad muskelstyrka samt bättre rörlighet och balans. Fysisk aktivitet genererade dessutom ett ökat socialt samspel vilket gav ökad glädje och ökat välbefinnande. Konklusion: Fysisk aktivitet var hälsofrämjande för personer med Downs syndrom. Vid regelbunden fysisk aktivitet skapades bättre förutsättningar för ett hälsosamt liv.
Background: People with Down ́s Syndrome live longer today than they have done previously. But they tend to have a sedentary life which causes different complications and secondary diseases. Physical activity prevents and treats national diseases in the general population. To promote health, nurses should give health- promoting care. Purpose: The aim was to illustrate the importance of health-promoting physical activity in persons with Down’s Syndrome. Method: The study is constructed as a general literature study. Results: The data was analysed and three main themes emerged: Health-promoting physical activity produces positive physical effects, Health-promoting physical activity produces improved well-being and Health- promoting physical activity encourages social interactions. Physical activity preventsmany of the diseases that people with Down’s Syndrome are at risk of contracting. Physical activity improved the health of persons with Down’s Syndrome. Conclusion: Physical activity promoted better health for persons with Down’sSyndrome. Regular physical activity improved the prerequisites needed for increased quality of life.
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14

Jönsson, Rose-Marie, and Malin Odlingson. ""Det är ju normalperspektivet som han ska anpassa sig till, så det försöker vi ju anpassa honom till" : En studie om föräldraskap då barnet har Downs syndrom." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-6929.

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Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ intervjustudie om föräldrars erfarenheter av en vardag tillsammans med ett barn som har Downs syndrom, i synnerhet när det gäller barnets ungdomstid. Den insamlade empirin har tolkats med hjälp av Beckers (2006) teori om avvikelse, Goffmans (2001) teori om stigma samt Goffmans (2009) teori om interaktion i det vardagliga sociala livet. Föräldern ingår i ett allmänt system av normalitet, såsom övriga samhällsmedlemmar. Studiens fokus ligger på förälderns agerande utefter detta i förhållande till den situation som barnets funktionsnedsättning för med sig. Downs syndrom medför en utvecklingsstörning, vilket innebär att barnets kroppsliga och mentala utveckling inte alltid är i fas med varandra. En följd av detta är att småbarns- och ungdomstiden förlängs, vilket föräldrarna i vår studie upplever som en svårighet. Svårigheten ligger bland annat i att barnets självständighetsutveckling skiljer sig från det som i allmänhet anses vara normalt och därmed skiljer sig även förälderns roll i denna utveckling. Studien visar att föreställningar om normalitet ständigt är närvarande i föräldrarnas berättelser.


We have made a qualitative interview study about parents' experiences of every day life with a child who has Down syndrome, particularly with regard to the child's youth. The empirical data collected has been interpreted using Becker's (2006) theory of deviance, Goffman's (2001) theory of stigma and Goffman's (2009) theory of interaction in everyday social life. The parent are included in a general system of normality, just as any other member of society. The focus of the study is parent's acting in relation to normality and to the situation that the child's disability causes. Down syndrome results in a development disorder, which means that child's physical and mental development not always is in phase with each other. This causes an extension of the childhood and youth, which the parents in our study perceive as difficult. The difficulty lies among other things in that the child's development of independence differs from what is generally considered to be normal and that the parent's role in this development consequently also differs. The study shows that ideas of normality are constantly present in the parents' narratives. 

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15

Kibsgaard, Larsen Frode. "Levealdersutvikling for personer med Downs syndrom i Norge fra 1969 og frem til 2050." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3439.

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Bakgrunn: Levealderen for personer med Downs syndrom har økt dramatisk på 1900 tallet i hele den vestlige verden. Imidlertid er det få undersøkelser om levealderfor denne populasjonen på 2000-tallet, og vi har ikke funnet noen norske undersøkelser. Hensikt:Undersøkelsen skal gi innsikt i levealdersutvikling i Norge fra 1969 og frem til 2010 og fremtidig forekomst av voksne og eldre med Downs syndrom frem til 2050. Metode:Det er en kvantitativ nasjonal demografisk registerundersøkelse for å beregne levealdersutviklingen for personer med Downs syndrom (n = 2 593). Registerdataene som er samlet inn er kontinuerlige data som er basert på løpende tellinger i den nasjonale fødsels-og dødelighetsstatistikken. Innsamlede data er personer registrert med diagnosekode Downs syndrom, årfødt, år død, alder ved død og kjønn. Hovedresultat:Gjennomsnittlig alder ved død for personer med Downs syndrom fra 1969 til og med 2009 økte fra 16,57 år til 53,40 år. Det var ingen statistisk signifikant forskjell på alder ved død mellom menn og kvinner. Gjennomsnittlig alder ved død for alle som døde etter fylte 40 år i studieperioden økte fra 53,95 år til 58,35 år. Forventet andel personer med Downs syndrom som vil bli 40 år og eldre vil øke fra 52 % for de som blefødt i 1967 til 94 % for de som ble født i 2009. Konklusjon:Levealderen for personer med Downs syndrom har økt betydelig fra 60-tallet og detteskyldes i hovedsak nedgang i spedbarnsdødeligheten. For de som overlever barneårene viser undersøkelsen imidlertid nesten ingen økning i rest levealder i løpet av undersøkelsesperioden. Frem til 2050 kan vi forvente en fordobling av antallet som vil være over 40 år
Background: Life expectancy for people with Down syndrome increased dramatically in the Western worldduringthe 1900s. However, fewsurveys have investigated life expectancy for this population since 2000,none of themNorwegian. Aim: This study aimedt o provide insight into life expectancy for Norwegians with Down syndrome between 1969 and2 010, and to project future rates for adults with Down syndrome until 2050. Method: This quantitative national demographic registry study estimated the development of life expectancy for people with Down syndrome (n = 2,593). To calculate age at death, we collected data from death certificates reported to Statistics Norway.Together with data from Medical Birth Registry,we simulated life tables.Collected data included persons with the diagnosis code for Down syndrome, birth year, year of death, age at death,and sex. Main results:Between 1969 and 2010, mean age at death of persons with Down syndrome increased from 16.57 years to 53.40 years, respectively. We observed no statistically significant difference in age at death between men and women. Average age at death for persons who died after 40 years of age increased from 53.95 years to 58.35 years duringthe study period. We estimated that the percentage of people with Down syndrome older than 40 years of age will increase, from 52% to 94% for those born in 1967 and 2009, respectively. Conclusion:Life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has increased significantly since the 1960s, mainly due to a relative decrease in newborn and infant mortality. Importantly, such individuals who survive childhood showed almost no increase in remaining life expectancy during the study period. By 2050,we expect the number of people with Down syndrome aged 40 or more years to double

ISBN 978-91-86739-73-0

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16

Bengtsson, Karin. "Talandet som levd erfarenhet. : En studie av fyra barn med Downs syndrom." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-705.

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This thesis presents a study of children’s speech. The children have Down syndrome (DS). Often the speech of children with DS is hard for other people to understand. The aim of the study is to try a new way of describing these children’s speech. My perspective reflects an ambition to conceive the children as active, speaking subjects.

In phenomenology human beings are regarded as always being intentional. The phenomenological perspective on intentionality views articulation as intentional, even though we normally experience it as “automatic”. This seemed to be a fertile perspective for this study, where the central focus is on the intentionality in the speech, i.e. the relation between the speaker and his or her speech while speaking. I have drawn mainly on Merleau-Ponty’s views on speech.

The speech of four children 6–7 years old was studied. The children were videotaped together with an adult in a specific situation (while naming pictures of familiar objects). The children’s speech was transcribed phonetically and some of the words were subjected to acoustic analysis. The main features of the situation were noted down. By means of the acoustic analysis, it was possible to study particular words in minute detail. These words were interpreted in relation to the context in which each utterance was made.

The four children all differ individually in their speaking strategies. The children’s speaking strategies may be described as flexible or rigid, diversified or undiversified. Within the child’s total expression there is a part which, in my opinion, the child could reach and develop. In my study, I introduce the terms the accessible speech or the accessible expression for that part of the child’s expression. By the terms the visible speech or the visible expression, I have tried to capture the part of the expression which I conceive that the child is capable of approaching as an object.

The terms accessibility and visibility involve the notion of intentionality; the speech is accessible or visible to someone. The children show us what is within reach for them. I believe that a good starting point for supporting the children’s speech development is the point where they reveal accessible and/or visible speech.

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Rosén, Linda, and Sofie Wolff. "Information, anknytning och stöd till föräldrar med ett nyfött barn med diagnosen Downs syndrom : - litteraturstudie." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-438.

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The birth of a child marks a new era for the parents. It is the beginning of something that will never end, because they will always be the child´s parents. This study investigates what happens when an infant is born whit Downs syndrome (Ds), and thus does not resemble the child the parents had expected. The purpose of this literature study was to describe the information and the support that the parents of a newborn child with Ds think that they need. The literature search was made in the database of Medline (via Pub Med), Academic Search Elite and manual search. Twenty one scientific articles were used in the results. The analysis resulted in four describing questions about parents’ experience of having a child with Down syndrome, the support that they thought that they needed, the information they got and the timing of it and also parents’ connection to the child. The result showed that many parents experienced it hard to share their parenthood with health professionals. Sometimes the parents did not know how to act and observe around the child. Parents describe that support fails to materialise from family and friends. The most important time of connection to the child is the first five weeks after birth. The sooner that the parents got the information the better satisfied and calm the parents became, and when the diagnos is given it should, if possible, be with the mother and the father together when they are told about their child’s condition. The infant should be present when parents are informed that the child has Ds. The infant should also be referred to by name, so that his or her worth as a human being can be stressed. It is important for the parents to be offered some time to ask question about the diagnosis. Health care professionals should keep their personal opinions to themselves and the parent’s should be provided with up-to-date information about Ds. After the initial diagnosis or suspicion is shared with the parents, they should be offered a private hospital room and be introduced to a support group, and to be treated individually and not like everybody else.


När ett barn föds påbörjas en ny tideräkning för föräldrarna. Nu börjar något som inte kommer att ta slut, för de ska alltid vara barnets föräldrar. I denna studie undersöks vad som händer då barnet har fått diagnosen Downs syndrom (Ds) och inte liknar det barn föräldrarna väntat sig. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva den information och det stöd föräldrar till nyfödda barn med Downs syndrom anser sig behöva. Litteratursökningen har gjorts i databaserna Medline (via Pub Med), Academic Search Elite och manuell sökning. Tjugoen vetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut till resultatdelen. Analysen resulterade i fyra beskrivande frågor om föräldrars upplevelse till att få ett barn med Ds, vilket stöd de ansåg sig behöva, den information de fick och när de behövde den tidsmässigt samt föräldrars anknytning till barnet. Resultatet visade att många föräldrar upplevde det som svårt att dela sitt föräldraskap med en rad professionellt kunnig vårdpersonal. Ibland var det svårt för föräldrarna att veta hur de skulle betrakta barnet. Därför är det viktigt att förmedla orsakerna om Ds för föräldrarna så att dem inte klandrar sig själva och så att modern och fadern tillsammans kan ansvara för sitt barn. Föräldrarna beskriver att stödet och gratulationerna från släkt och vänner uteblir. Den viktigaste tiden för anknytningen till barnet är de första fem veckorna efter födseln. Desto tidigare informationen gavs till föräldrarna desto mera nöjda och lugna blev föräldrarna, och när beskedet skall ges ska, om möjligt båda föräldrarna närvara så snart diagnosen är ställd. Barnet bör om det går, vara med under tiden informationen och diagnosen ges. Det nyfödda barnet ska referera till dess namn, så att hans eller hennes värde som en människa kan tillkännages. Föräldrarna vill kunna ställa frågor om diagnosen, personalen ska inte delge sina egna åsikter och man ska kunna bli erbjuden färskt material om Ds. Dessutom bör de få tillgång till stödgrupper och bli erbjuden ett privat rum efter beskedet, allt för att få känna sig individuellt behandlad och inte som en i mängden.

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18

Wong, Ho-kar Esther. "A comparison of aspects of maternal linguistic input to normal and downs syndrome children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209776.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1998.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 21, 1998." Also available in print.
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19

Svensson, Julia. "Skillnad på språkutveckling och språkutveckling : Att utveckla språket med hjälp av Karlstadmodellen och TAKK." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33056.

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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur Karlstadmodellen och TAKK (Tecken somAlternativ och Kompletterande Kommunikation) kan användas i förskoleverksamheten för attfrämja hela barngruppens språkutveckling.De metoder som har används för att undersöka och svara på frågeställningen är intervju ochenkätundersökning. Det gjordes tre olika intervjuer. En med en mamma till ett barn demDowns syndrom och som även är certifierad handledare i Karlstadmodellen. En med enbarnskötare som arbetat med ett barns språkutveckling med hjälp av Karlstadmodellen. Ochden tredje intervjun gjordes med tre sjuksköterskor på Barnavårdscentralen.Enkätundersökningen skickades ut till 16 förskolor och 14 svarade. Detta genererade i 56besvarade enkäter. På så vis blir det totala bortfallet 13 obesvarade enkäter.I resultatet framkom det att man i Karlstadmodellen och TAKK arbetar med ett nätverk kringdet barn som är i behov av stöd. Detta är troligen något som skulle vara svårt att applicera påen hel barngrupp. Däremot finns det modeller likande TAKK som är anpassade för barngrupp.Respondenterna från två av intervjuerna anser att man skulle kunna använda sig utav vissalekar från Karlstadmodellen till hela barngruppen.
The purpose with this study is to examine how The Karlstad model and Signs and AlternativeCommunication can be used in preschool to help the whole group of children with theirlanguage development.The methods that have been used to examine and answer all the questions is interviews andquestionnaire. There were three different interviews made. The first interview was with amother to a child with Down syndrome, who is also a certified mentor in the Karlstad model.The next person to be interviewed was a caretaker of children who works with children’slanguage development with help from the Karlstad model. And the third interviewed wasmade with three nurses at the children’s care center.The questionnaire was sent to 16 preschools and 14 of them replied. This generated in 56answered questionnaires.The result shows that those who use The Karlstad model and Signs and AlternativeCommunication work with a network around the child in need of support. This is probablysomething that would be hard to work with in a group of children in preschool. But there ismodels like Signs and Alternative Communication who is adjusted for child groups. Therespondents from two of the interviews consider that some games from the Karlstad modelcan be used for a whole group of children.
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Kling, Nicole. "Människan bakom diagnosen : En studie om hur föräldrar till barn med Downs syndrom upplever det samhälleliga bemötandet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Sociologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37392.

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The person behind the diagnosis is a qualitative interview study by Nicole Kling. The study examines how parents of children with Down syndrome experience the social treatment in a time when prenatal diagnosis is on the rise. Foucault’s biopolitical and Rose’s ethopolitical perspectives serve as theoretical frameworks for the analysis of how the parents experience and relate to the social treatment of them and their children. The study’s results show that society’s strong norms of normality play a crucial role for the interviewed parents’ experiences of being regarded as “deviating”. Ignorance, undemandingness and carelessness lead to discrimination of the children, and the lack of expectations of society on them is often seen by the parents as more disabling than the diagnosis itself. In such a society children born with Down syndrome can be seen as pathological elements in a population that strives for normality. Therefore, this study wishes to contribute to the body of research dedicated to explore the impact of biopolitical strategies on the plurality of society.
Människan bakom diagnosen är en kvalitativ intervjustudie gjord av Nicole Kling. Studien undersöker hur föräldrar till barn med Downs syndrom upplever det samhälleliga bemötandet i en tid där fosterdiagnostik är på framväxt. Foucaults biopolitiska och Roses etopolitiska perspektiv fungerar som teoretiska ramverk för analysen av hur föräldrarna upplever och förhåller sig till det samhälleliga bemötandet av dem och deras barn. Studiens resultat visar att samhällets starka normalitetsnormer spelar en avgörande roll för de intervjuade föräldrarnas upplevelser av att de och deras barn i och med diagnosen betraktas som ”avvikande”. Okunskap, kravlöshet och slarv leder till diskriminering av barnen, och samhällets bristande förväntningar på dem ses av föräldrarna ofta som mer funktionsnedsättande än diagnosen i sig. I ett sådant samhälle kan barn som trots allt föds med Downs syndrom ses som patologiska inslag i en befolkning som strävar efter normalitet. Studien hoppas därför kunna bidra till det forskningsfält som avser undersöka biopolitiska strategiers påverkan på mångfald.
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Gunnarsson, Linn. "Bra basketkorgar : En undersökning om inkluderad undervisning i idrott och hälsa." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1406.

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Att börja på högstadiet och byta både skola och de flesta av sina klasskamrater kan vara positivt såväl som negativt. Det kan vara en chans att hitta nya intressen, eller jobbigt med mycket nya intryck och högre krav. Om man dessutom har särskilda behov, till följd av ett funktionshinder, kan den omställningen bli väldigt krävande om inte skolan klarar av att tillgodose ens behov. När en elev är inkluderad i skolan så innebär det att eleven skall involveras helt och hållet i sammanhanget på samma villkor som sina klasskamrater (Fors 2004). Den här uppsatsen bygger på en fallstudie gjord med kvalitativa intervjuer som handlar om en 13-årig pojke som har funktionshindret Downs syndrom och är inkluderad i årskurs 7. Förutom eleven i fråga har jag intervjuat hans lärare, föräldrar och assistenter för att få en uppfattning om hans fysiska aktivitet i skolan och på fritiden. Syftet med mitt arbete är att undersöka om en elev med funktionshindret Downs syndrom får möjlighet att utvecklas i ämnet idrott och hälsa genom inkludering, och vad den inkluderade undervisningen får för konsekvenser för hans fysiska aktivitet både före och efter skoltid.

De resultat jag har fått visar att eleven i fråga får stor möjlighet att utvecklas genom att han har många klasskompisar att idrotta tillsammans med, men också att titta på och härma. Vidare visar också resultaten att eleven utvecklar en hög självkänsla av att vara inkluderad och att eleven har utvecklats både i ämnet idrott och hälsa och på fritiden sedan årskurs 6.


Starting the senior level of the compulsory school often means changing schools and most of ones classmates, an experience that can be both positive and negative. It can be a chance to find new interests, or a hard time with new impressions and higher demands. If one also has special needs, because of a functional disorder, the change of schools can be very challenging if the school does not have the ability to provide for one’s needs. When a student is included in school, it means that the student shall be fully involved in the situation on the same terms as ones classmates (Fors 2004).This essay is founded on a case study made with qualitative interviews about a 13-year old boy with the functional disorder Down’s syndrome and is included in grade 7. Except for the student in question, I have interviewed his teachers, parents and assistants to form an opinion about his physical activity in school and on his free time. The purpose of my work is to investigate if a student with the functional disorder Down’s syndrome gets the opportunity to develop in the subject physical education by being included, and what consequences the included education has for his physical activity both in and after school.

My results show that the student in question has great opportunity to develop, not only by having many different classmates to work out together with, but also by watching them and imitate. Further more the results show that the student develops high self-esteem by being included, and that he has developed both in the subject physical education and on his free time since grade 6.

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22

Williams, Laura. "Investigation of dementia screening tools in a cohort with Down syndrome and intellectual disability." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22851.

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Objectives: The following thesis is presented within two separate pieces of work. A systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to evaluate the individual characteristics and psychometric properties of four dementia screening tools. These were the Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD) (Evenhuis, 2007), the Dementia Scale for Down Syndrome (DSDS) (Gedye, 1995), the Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID) (Deb et al, 2007a) and the Adaptive Behaviour Dementia Questionnaire (ABDQ) (Prasher et al, 2004). The empirical research (ER) aimed to evaluate the clinical utility and longitudinal accuracy of two of these tools; the DLD and the ABDQ in a clinical population with intellectual disability (ID) and Down syndrome (DS). Methods: For the SLR a comprehensive list of electronic academic databases were searched to identify studies which included information relating to the psychometric properties of the DLD, DSDS, DSQIID and the ABDQ. Information within the studies was then extracted and rated using two quality assessment measures. These were the Characteristics of Assessment Instruments for Psychiatric Disorders in Persons with Intellectual Developmental Disabilities (CAPS-IDD) (Zeilinger et al, 2013b) and the Qualsyst (Kmet, 2004). For the ER, a repeated measures MANOVA was used to assess change over time between two groups of people with intellectual disabilities and Down syndrome; one with dementia and one without. Results: In the SLR, 16 studies were identified and rated using the CAPS-IDD and the Qualsyst. Detailed information related to the dementia screening tools and quality ratings of the papers are provided. In the ER both the ABDQ and the DLD demonstrated a clear difference between those who develop dementia and those who do not, with those in the ‘dementia’ group exhibiting increasing scores over time. Conclusions: The SLR concludes that the evidence base for these dementia screening tools remain limited. The largest evidence base was evidenced for the DLD. The ER concludes that the ABDQ and the DLD are useful tools to differentiate between those who develop dementia and those who do not. Further analysis incorporating the exploration of individual component items of tools is recommended.
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Masoudi, Naid. "Inclusive Education for Pupils with Downs Syndrome in Northern Ireland : Indicative Cases and Current Issues." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501315.

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24

Cardoso, Plaza José, and Daniel Andersson. "Ett barn med Downs syndrom föds : Föräldrarnas upplevelse av vården ur ett familjecentrerat perspektiv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-346950.

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Background: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality in Sweden. Around 120 to 140 children with Down syndrome are born annually in Sweden. There is a lack of studies that examine how parents of children with Down syndrome experience the interactions with healthcare personnel.   Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate how parents of children with Down syndrome experienced the encounters with healthcare personnel during the child’s first year, based on a family centered perspective.   Method: A literature study was done using 13 original articles from different countries. They were chosen through Pubmed. These were reviewed and processed into four categories. Joyce Travelbee’s nursing theory, as well as family centered care was used as frame of reference.   Result: A majority of the families in this study described negative experiences of interactions with healthcare personnel. Families experienced that they did not receive adequate emotional support. They lacked information about Down syndrome and the information they received was described as being too negative and unbalanced. Parents also described a lack of contact information to support groups and other institutions in the society. They also experienced that the health care did not notice their children's potential nor had the knowledge about the conditions for people with Down syndrome in the society.   Conclusion: Parents mostly have a negative experience of the health care when theyhave a child with Down syndrome. The healthcare primarily has to see to the new born child, congratulate the parents to a new member of the family before focus on the diagnosis. Thereafter, the health care should give a balanced information in an early stage regarding the family’s and the baby’s needs and provide the family with emotional support. The nurse has an important part to fill from a family centered perspective.
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Myrelid, Åsa. "Down syndrome : Growth and endocrine impact." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Pediatrik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-106756.

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Down syndrome (DS) is associated with psychomotor retardation, short stature and endocrine dysfunction. Statural growth is a well-known indicator of health. The growth in DS differs markedly from that of other children and there is a 20 cm reduction of final height as compared to target height. We developed growth charts specific for Swedish children with DS, in order to facilitate early diagnosis of concomitant diseases that influence growth. The growth charts are available for paediatricians and child health care professionals in Sweden. The mechanism underlying the impaired growth in DS is unknown. Height is influenced by parental factors, energy intake, hormone balance and general health. In DS, genetic factors deriving from the extra chromosome 21 further affect growth. Children with DS seem to have reasonable levels of growth hormone (GH), even though GH treatment for limited periods of time improves growth velocity. Within the present project, the subjects of a previous study on early GH therapy in DS were followed up regarding late effects. We found a larger adult head circumference and better psychomotor abilities in the previously treated subjects despite a lack of effect on final height. In adult life, GH has effects on psychological well-being and metabolism. The clinical features in adults with DS might indicate impaired GH secretion. Ten young adults with DS were studied and compared with ten healthy controls. The GH secretion in the DS subjects did not differ from that in the controls. The fat body mass percentage was increased in DS, in line with the high prevalence of overweight/obesity. The finding of an increased HOMA index as well as a high relative rate of hepatic glucose production in DS indicates reduced insulin sensitivity both peripherally and in the liver. Thyroid dysfunction is common in DS. There is a 30-fold increase in congenital hypothyroidism, and acquired hypothyroidism has been reported to be present in up to 50% of adults with DS. We collected neonatal screening results and hospital records for the first ten years of life of 68 children with DS. The mean TSH concentration was increased neonatally, indicating marginal hypothyroidism early in life in DS. However, the neonatal TSH level did not predict development of manifest hypothyroidism later in life.
Downs syndrom (DS) är en vanlig kromosomavvikelse. Kortvuxenhet och psykomotorisk utvecklingsstörning är kardinaltecken vid DS. Endokrina avvikelser är också frekvent förekommande. Tillväxt är en bra indikator på barns hälsa. Nyfödda barn med DS är kortare än andra nyfödda, och skillnaden i längd ökar under barndomen. Sjukdomar som påverkar tillväxten upptäcks ofta via ett förändrat tillväxtmönster. Detta kan lätt förbises vid DS eftersom tillväxten redan är avvikande. Användning av syndromspecifika tillväxtkurvor ökar möjligheterna till diagnostik av sjukdomar som stör längdtillväxten. Vi har framställt tillväxtkurvor för barn med DS, vilka finns tillgängliga inom svensk barnsjukvård och barnhälsovård. Längdtillväxt styrs av nedärvda faktorer från föräldrarna liksom av nutrition, hälsa och hormoner. Genetiska faktorer, kopplade till kromosom 21, kan påverka tillväxten vid DS, men tillväxtstörningens exakta bakgrund är inte känd. I vuxen ålder är personer med DS ungefär 20 cm kortare än förväntat med hänsyn till föräldralängder. Trots att barn med DS har relativt normala nivåer av tillväxthormon (STH eller GH) förbättras deras tillväxt vid STH-behandling. Inom avhandlingsarbetet följde vi upp ungdomar med DS, vilka behandlats med STH i tidig barndom. Vi kunde påvisa större huvudomfång samt förbättrad kognitiv och motorisk förmåga, trots avsaknad av effekt på slutlängden. Tillväxthormon har i vuxen ålder effekt både på ämnesomsättning och psykologiskt välbefinnande. Vuxna individer med DS uppvisar flera tecken förenliga med STH-brist. Vi jämförde tio unga vuxna med DS med tio friska kontrollindivider avseende förmågan att insöndra STH. STH-insöndringen hos individerna med DS skiljde sig inte från den hos kontrollerna. Vid samtidig undersökning av kroppssammansättning påvisades en ökad andel kroppsfett hos individerna med DS, resultat i linje med den frekventa förekomsten av övervikt/fetma. Individerna med DS hade en förhöjd glukosproduktion, som tillsammans med ett ökat HOMA-index talar för förekomst av minskad insulinkänslighet både på levernivå och perifert. Brist på sköldkörtelhormon är mycket vanligt vid DS och upp till hälften av vuxna med DS kan ha hypotyreos. Vi studerade 68 barn med DS avseende nivåer av tyroideastimulerande hormon (TSH) vid PKU-provtagning. Vi följde också barnens journalhandlingar från de tio första levnadsåren i syfte att undersöka om den neonatala TSH-nivån kan prediktera framtida underfunktion av sköldkörteln. Resultaten visade att barn med DS har en förhöjd nivå av TSH neonatalt, vilket indikerar en brist på sköldkörtelhormon redan i nyföddhetsperioden, men nivån förutsäger inte utveckling av manifest hypotyreos senare under barndomen.
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26

Guadagni, Luna, and Ida Gustafsson. "Att vara förälder till barn med Downs syndrom : Att pendla mellan glädje och sorg." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18870.

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I Sverige föds varje år drygt 100 barn med Downs syndrom. Föräldrarna till dessa barn kan vid beskedet om att deras barn inte är friskt uppleva en omvälvande tid i sina liv eftersom de förväntningar de hade på sitt barn och sitt föräldraskap inte förverkligas. När vårdpersonal träffar dessa familjer behöver de kunskap om hur föräldrarna upplever sin situation. Syftet med denna studie är därför att belysa upplevelsen av att vara förälder till barn med Downs syndrom. Uppsatsen baseras på analys av nio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats, vilkas resultat har granskats och sammanställts i teman som tillsammans bildar uppsatsens resultat. De fyra teman som framkom var: att uppleva att man genomlever en kris, förändringar i det sociala livet, att uppleva bristande/tillräckliga resurser samt att känna oro. Resultatet visar att föräldrar till barn med Downs syndrom upplever att föräldraskapet innefattar både positiva och negativa aspekter. Att få ett barn med Downs syndrom innebär på många sätt en chock, men med tiden anpassar sig de flesta familjer till den nya situationen. Det framkommer även att föräldraskapet innebär en ständig oro inför barnets framtid och omgivningens reaktioner. Familjens relationer kan både förbättras och försämras av att ha barn med Downs syndrom. Resultatet diskuteras i relation till bakgrunden samt relevant litteratur inom ämnet. Föräldraskapets innebörd och betydelse relaterat till barn med Downs syndrom jämförs med föräldraskap i allmänhet samt diskuteras i relation till krisbearbetning. Diskussionen innehåller även en kulturell aspekt av upplevelsen av att vara förälder till barn med Downs syndrom samt reflektioner kring omgivningens påverkan på föräldrars förmåga att acceptera sin situation.

Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning

Uppsatsnivå: C

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Remmo, Ilona. "TAKK - Tecken som Alternativ och Kompletterande Kommunikation : En kvalitativ studie om hur förskolepedagoger arbetar med TAKK med barn med Downs syndrom ur ett språkutvecklingsperspektiv och vad de anser om att använda TAKK med barn utan särskilda behov och med barn med Downs syndrom." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19631.

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The purpose of this study is to examine how two educators at a preschool that is located in a neighborhood south of Stockholm works with TAKK with children who has Down syndrome in a language promotion purposes. The aim is also to investigate what teachers think about using TAKK with children without special needs and children with Down syndrome. In this study, I used qualitative research methods. I've used both observations and interviews to get answers to my questions. The theories which I have used in this thesis is, socio-cultural perspective, including integration and segregated integration. In order to find out how the educators work with TAKK I have asked these questions: How do the educators work with TAKK with children with Down syndrome from a language development perspective? What do the educators express about using TAKK with children without special needs and with children who has Down syndrome? My conclusions to these questions are that the literatures I have read in many ways are consistent with how they work. They told me, among other things, that the use of TAKK is good for both the children with and without Down syndrome. Regarding to how they use TAKK in their everyday work I could see that they used TAKK on a daily basis in the routines at the preschool.
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Eriksson, Ulrika, and Åsa Olsson. "Föräldrars upplevelse av möten med vården då de söker vård för sitt barn med Downs syndrom : Parent´s experience of encounters with health care when they seek care for their child with Down´s syndrome." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-769.

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Bakgrund: Att ha ett barn med Downs syndrom, betyder ofta en regelbunden kontakt med vården, på grund av hälsoproblem som kan bero på syndromet. Ett bra möte är viktigt för alla, men troligen är det viktigare för dessa familjer. Syftet var att belysa hur föräldrar till barn med Downs syndrom upplevde möten då de sökte vård för sitt barn. Metod: Data insamlades genom intervjuer med sex föräldrar. Intervjuerna blev inspelade och därefter transkriberade. När data analyserades framträdde fyra teman: personalens osäkerhet, känslan av att inte bli trodd, att vara advokat för sitt barn och behovet av trygghet. Resultat: Resultatet visade att föräldrarna var mycket nöjda med de möten de haft på specialistnivå men då de sökt sig dit specialisterna inte finns kände de en viss otrygghet. Föräldrarna kände även ibland att de inte blev trodda, de kände sig ofta då ifrågasatta som föräldrar. Konklusion: föräldrarna sökte hjälp och vård där de kände sig tryggast. Vårdpersonalen behöver mer träning i hur de på bästa sätt bemöter barn med funktionsnedsättning och deras föräldrar. Att bli bemött på ett felaktigt sätt kan orsaka ett onödigt vårdlidande.


Background: Having a child with Down´s syndrome often means a regular contact with health care because some health problem who are specific for the syndrome. Meetings are important for everyone but maybe more important for this family’s. Aim: The purpose for this study was to illuminate how parents to children with Down´s syndrome experience encounters with healthcare when they seek care for there child. Method: The data was collected from interviews with six parents. The interviews was recorded and transcribed. When the data was processed four themes emerged: Staffs insecurity, feeling of not being believed, being the child’s advocate and the need for security. Result: The result shows that the parents are very pleased about the meeting they’ve had with the specialist-units, but when they have to turn to places without specialists they feel a greater insecurity. Sometimes did the parents feel that they wasn’t believed, they felt that they was questioned as parents. Conclusion: Parents seek help and care, were they feel most secure. The healthcare staff need more training how they meet children with disability and there parents. To be met in an unprofessional way can lead to unnecessary care suffering.

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Souza, Elizabeth Maria Martins Francischini de. "Alterações sistêmicas e comportamentais de interesse odontológico em pacientes com síndrome de Down." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-20092011-162946/.

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A síndrome de Down (SD) é a mais comum doença de origem genética, causada pela trissomia do cromossomo 21 e caracterizada por comprometimento intelectual, alterações físicas e várias comorbidades sistêmicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar as alterações sistêmicas e comportamentais de interesse odontológico nos pacientes com SD e discutir a adequação no manejo odontológico frente às comorbidades apresentadas. Foram analisados 52 pacientes com SD em atendimento no CAPE-FOUSP. Os responsáveis foram entrevistados com relação às alterações sistêmicas, com base em um questionário desenvolvido especificamente para esta pesquisa. Foram pesquisadas as seguintes alterações: cardíacas, respiratórias, neurológicas e comportamentais, imunológicas, hematológicas, endócrinas (disfunção da glândula tireóide e diabetes mellitus), doenças infecciosas e articulares. Os pacientes realizaram exames complementares, como a aferição da pressão arterial, do IMC e da glicemia capilar e os seguintes exames laboratoriais: hemograma, coagulagrama, hormônio tireotrófico (TSH), tri-iodotironina total (T3 total), tiroxina livre (T4 livre), tiroxina total (T4 total), colesterol total e frações, triglicerídeos, hemoglobina glicosilada, sorologia para hepatite B e C, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT). Os resultados mostram que as alterações sistêmicas mais freqüentes foram as respiratórias, sendo a pneumonia a mais comum e sua incidência era inversamente proporcional à idade dos pacientes, seguida pelas alterações cardíacas, sendo que 13 pacientes apresentaram apenas uma, e 4 apresentaram múltiplas alterações; e o sopro foi a doença cardíaca mais relatada. Dentro das alterações neurológicas e comportamentais, 37 pacientes apresentavam pelo menos uma das características do início da doença de Alzheimer. Dez pacientes apresentaram hipotireodismo, 7 pacientes hipotireoidismo subclínico, 3 pacientes estado de pré-diabetes, dois pacientes estado de pré-hipertensão. Os níveis de colesterol total estavam dentro dos padrões desejáveis em 36 pacientes, assim como os triglicerídeos em 42 pacientes, com correlação inversa ao índice de massa corporal que apresentou 37 pacientes com sobrepeso ou algum grau de obesidade. Analisando o hemograma, foi observado 5 pacientes com anemia e 10 com leucopenia. Pesquisando a vacinação contra hepatite A e B, 24 pacientes foram vacinados para hepatite A, 26 para hepatite B onde 12 pacientes não apresentaram soroconversão frente a vacina. Um paciente foi diagnosticado com hepatite C. Quanto a presença de instabilidade atlato-axial, 8 pacientes relataram sua presença. Podemos concluir que muitas das alterações sistêmicas citadas na literatura estão presentes nos pacientes atendidos no CAPE, mostrando a necessidade de conhecermos a história médica dos pacientes com SD antes de atendê-los no consultório odontológico, e adequando o tratamento de acordo com cada alteração apresentada pelos pacientes tornando seu tratamento seguro e eficaz.
Downs syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder and it is caused by the trissomy of 21 chromosome. It is characterized by mental retardation, physical alterations and several systemic co morbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate behavior and systemic alterations with dental implications in DS patients and discuss the dental management of these patients. We evaluate 52 patients with DS under dental treatment at the Special Care Dentistry Center of the School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo. The guardians were interviewed about systemic co morbidities based on a special chart developed for this research. The following systemic alterations were analyzed: cardiac, respiratory, neurological and behavior, immunological, hematological, endocrine (thyroid disorders and diabetes), infeccious diseases and joint alterations. Patients were submitted to complementary exams such as : blood pressure and glucose levels, body mass index, CBC, coagulagrama hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (T4), total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin, serology for hepatitis B and C, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The results show that the most frequent systemic alterations were respiratory alterations, pneumonia being the most common and its incidence was inversely proportional to the age of the patients, followed by cardiac abnormalities, while 13 patients had only one, and four had multiple abnormalities, and the heart murmur was the most frequent cardiac alterations. Within the neurological and behavioral disorders, 37 patients had at least one characteristic of early Alzheimer\'s disease. Ten patients had hypothyroidism, 7 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, 3 patients state of pre-diabetes, two patients a state of pre-hypertension. The total cholesterol levels were desirable in 36 patients, and triglycerides in 42 patients, with inverse correlation to body mass index. 37 patients showed some degree of overweight or obesity. CBC showed 5 patients with anemia and 10 with leukopenia. 24 patients were vaccinated for hepatitis A, and 26 for hepatitis B, but 12 patients did not show seroconversion against the vaccine. One patient was diagnosed with hepatitis C. As the presence of atlanto-axial instability, eight patients reported their presence. We can conclude that many of the systemic alterations reported in the literature are present in patients with DS seen at CAPE. It is necessary for the dentist to know the medical history of patients with SD before the dental treatment, and it is necessary to adjust the treatment according to each systemic alterations presented by patients in order to provide a safe and effective treatment.
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Ferreira, Rafael. "Terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana no tratamento da doença periodontal em pacientes com síndrome de Down." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25146/tde-26022016-134820/.

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A terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (aPDT) tem sido amplamente utilizada em Periodontia por permitir redução de periodontopatógenos, com ausência de efeitos sistêmicos colaterais e mínimas possibilidades de resistência bacteriana. Surge assim uma boa alternativa adjuvante para o tratamento da doença periodontal (DP), como para os pacientes com Síndrome de Down (SD) que possuem maior severidade e alta prevalência dessa doença. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da aPDT como adjuvante da raspagem e alisamento corono-radicular (RACR) em pacientes com SD. Foram realizadas avaliações dos parâmetros clínicos como: índice de placa (IP), índice gengival (IG), nível clínico de inserção (NCI), profundidade (PS) e sangramento à sondagem (SS) no período inicial e após 1 e 3 meses do tratamento. Para a aPDT, foi utilizado laser vermelho (658nm; 0,1W; 2229J/cm2; 10s por ponto), com o corante azul de metileno (AM) como agente fotossensibilizador na concentração de 100μg/ml, com tempo de pré-irradiação de 3 minutos, com repetidas sessões após 3,7 e 14 dias. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com testes paramétricos e não paramétricos (p<0,05). Participaram desse estudo 33 pacientes com SD, randomizados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: C (RACR), composto por 6 mulheres e 11 homens (27±9,16 anos) e aPDT (realizadas associação da aPDT com a RACR), composta por 9 homens e 7 mulheres (27,12±9,74anos). Os pacientes são os principais responsáveis pela sua escovação (100%) com baixíssima ajuda pelos pais e/ou responsáveis na supervisão ou reforço da escovação (12,12%). Houve melhora de todos os índices periodontontais nos tempos inicias (baseline), como após 1 e 3 meses tanto para o grupo C (redução da PS de 0,97mm do baseline para 3 meses; redução do SS de 16,13% do baseline para 3 meses; redução do IP de 11,29% do baseline para 3 meses, redução do NCI de 0,09mm do baseline para 3 meses) e para o grupo aPDT (redução da PS de 1,56mm do baseline para 3 meses, redução do SS de 16,77% do baseline para 3 meses, redução do IP de 13,81% do baseline para 3 meses, redução do NCI de 0,13mm do baseline para 3 meses). Conclui-se que ambos os tratamentos resultaram em melhoras clínicas (PS, SS, IP, NCI) significantes no tratamento da doença periodontal em pacientes com SD.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been widely used in Periodontics to obtain reduction of periodontopathogenic bacteria with absence of systemic side effects and minimal bacterial resistance. Therefore, a good adjuvant alternative for periodontal disease (PD) treatment arises, especially for patients with Down syndrome (DS) who present greater severity and high prevalence of PD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aPDT as an adjuvant of scaling and root planning (SRP) for treatment of PD in patients with DS. Periodontal clinical exam was evaluated by: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) in baseline, one and three-month treatment periods. The aPDT protocol was red laser (658nm; 0.1W; 2229J/cm2, 10s per point), methylene blue dye (MB), 100μg/ml, with a 3-minute preirradiation. aPDT sessions were repeated after 3, 7 and 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and non-parametric tests (p<0.05). 33 patients with DS participated in this study, randomly assigned into two groups: C (SRP), composed of 6 women and 11 men (27 ± 9.16 years old) and aPDT (SRP + aPDT), composed of 9 men and 7 women (27.12 ± 9,74 years old). Patients were the main contributors to the brushing (100%) with very low support by parents and/or guardians in monitoring or enhancing brushing (12.12%). There was improvement of clinical parameters in baseline (B), and after 1 and 3 months for group C (reduction on PB of 0.97mm from baseline to 3 months; reduction on BOP of 16.13% from baseline to 3 months; reduction on PI of 11.29% from baseline to 3 months, reduction on CAL of 0.09mm from baseline to 3 months) and for the aPDT group (reduction on PB of 1.56mm from baseline to 3 months, reduction on BOP of 16.77% from baseline to 3 months, reduction on PI of 13.81% from baseline to 3 months, reduction on CAL of 0.13mm from baseline to 3 months). In conclusion, besides an improvement in periodontal condition, aPDT as an adjuvant of SRP did not enhance the clinical periodontal parameters in relation to SRP alone.
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Lempke, Erika, and Wesslert Sara Lindberg. "The PhonicStick and Language play : Can the PhonicStick be used for the purpose of enabling language play and thereby promote phonological awareness in children with Down's syndrome?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Logopedi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-128583.

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Research shows that phonological processing skill is the greatest single predictor for reading ability and it is agreed that phonological awareness specific tasks correlate positively with literacy acquisition in typically developing children. Children with Down’s syndrome are at risk for reading acquisition difficulties, primarily because of their reduced phonological awareness and a phonological awareness based approach to literacy has been shown to be beneficial for them. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the PhonicStick can be used to initiate interest in language play in children with Down’s syndrome, in order to stimulate their reduced phonological awareness. Six children with Down’s syndrome between five and 15 years of age, currently enrolled within the UK educational system, were recruited to participate in six sessions; two sessions of pre- and post testing of their phonological awareness, and four intervention sessions with the PhonicStick. During the intervention sessions, the ability to remember the six phonemes of the PhonicStick, to generate three-phoneme combinations, to produce given target real words or non-words and to perform in phoneme substitution tasks using the PhonicStick were investigated. The results of this study show that the PhonicStick, with advantage, can be used to introduce and enhance phonological awareness in children with Down’s syndrome and that an increase in phonological awareness is possible even during a short time of practise with the PhonicStick. Since children with Down’s syndrome benefit from a phonological awareness based approach to literacy, practising phonological awareness skills through language play with the PhonicStick might also have a future positive effect on their literacy acquisition.


Tidigare forskning visar att fonologisk medvetenhet är den främsta prediktorn för läs- och skrivkunnighet och att övning i fonologisk medvetenhet korrelerar positivt med läs- och skrivinlärning hos barn med typisk läs- och skrivutveckling. Barn med Downs syndrom riskerar att utveckla läs- och skrivsvårigheter framförallt till följd av nedsatt fonologisk medvetenhet och det har även visats att en metod för läs- och skrivinlärning baserad på fonologisk medvetenhet, kan gagna dem. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om the PhonicStick kan användas för att initiera intresse till språklek hos barn med Downs syndrom, med avsikt att stimulera deras fonologiska medvetenhet. Sex barn med Downs syndrom, i åldrarna fem till 15 år, inskrivna i det brittiska skolsystemet, medverkade i två sessioner bestående av pre- och post testning av fonologisk medvetenhet, och fyra interventionssessioner med the PhonicStick. Under interventionssessionerna undersöktes förmågan att komma ihåg placering av fonem hos the PhonicStick och med den generera kombinationer av fonem (dvs. ord), generera givna målord och substituera fonem i ord. Resultaten visar att the PhonicStick med fördel kan användas för att introducera och öka den fonologiska medvetenheten hos barn med Downs syndrom och att en ökning är möjlig även efter kort tids träning. Eftersom en metod för läs- och skrivinlärning baserat på fonologisk medvetenhet gagnar barn med Downs syndrom skulle övning av fonologisk medvetenhet genom språklekar med the PhonicStick även kunna ha en långsiktig positiv inverkan på deras läs- och skrivkunnighet.

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Ohlsson, Maria. "Talsvårigheter i grundsärskolan : Pedagogers olika arbetssätt med grundsärskoleelevers talsvårigheter." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-41086.

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This study explores how five teachers from five different special schools work with their students´ speech disorders in a way that stimulates the students to develop their speech. The study is based on interviews as a qualitative method of investigation. An analysis was performed from a sociocultural perspective, where artefacts, the proximal zone of development, as well as the students' opportunities for interaction, were examined. The result of the study shows that teachers use many different types of artefacts. The most common artefacts used by these teachers are pictures and signs as means of support. When the teachers lack knowledge as to how the students would be stimulated to develop their speech, they engage speech therapists who are trained in speech development. There is an awareness with the teachers concerning how the students could take yet another step in their speech development. The teachers also think that the students need to experience contexts where they learn how to interact with each other. Special school students with additional functional disabilities who have extensive speech disorders are those with Down's syndrome or states within the autistic spectrum. Motivation is a key concept for these teachers. To find the motivation within the students, means that they work based on the various areas of interest that the children have. Finding the key to motivation is crucial, in order for the students to develop their speech.
Sammanfattning Denna studie undersöker hur fem pedagoger från fem olika grundsärskolor arbetar med grundsärskoleelevers talsvårigheter på ett sätt som stimulerar eleverna till talutveckling. Studien är baserad på intervjuer som är en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod. En analys gjordes utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där artefakter, den proximala utvecklingszonen samt elevernas möjligheter till samspel synades. Resultatet av studien visar att pedagoger använder sig av många olika slags artefakter. De vanligaste artefakter som pedagogerna använder sig av är bilder och tecken som stöd. Om pedagogerna känner att de brister i kunskap om hur eleverna ska få stimulans till att utvecklas i sitt tal så anlitar de talpedagoger eller logopeder som har utbildning i tal. En medvetenhet finns hos pedagogerna om hur eleverna ska ta ett steg till i sin talutveckling. Pedagogerna anser även att eleverna ska få uppleva miljöer där de ska lära sig att samspela med varandra. Grundsärskoleelever med flerfunktionsnedsättningar som har stora svårigheter med sitt tal är de med Downs syndrom och autismspektrumtillstånd. Motivation är ett ledord hos pedagogerna. Att hitta motivationen hos eleverna är detsamma som att pedagoger arbetar utifrån elevernas olika intresseområden. Nyckeln till motivationen är viktig att hitta om eleverna ska utvecklas i sitt tal.
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Berntsson, Sandra, and Karin Svemer. "Intervention med tecken som alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation på en daglig verksamhet : Teckenanvändande av brukare med Downs syndrom och personal." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68882.

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Manual signs are an augmentative and alternative communication mode which enables and facilitates communication for persons with impairments in speech, language and hearing. There are different ways of teaching signs to persons with intellectual disabilities. One of them is milieu teaching, which is a method where the teaching takes place in natural settings. This method has proven to give good results in generalization and maintenance. Teaching signs to staff in groups has been shown to be effective. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether sign intervention affected the number of signs and the number of different signs, used by two persons with Down’s syndrome and eleven staff on a day center. The study was carried out as a single-subject design. A sign intervention was conducted at the day center with the two participants with Down’s syndrome. They were educated individually with a procedure inspired by milieu teaching. When the intervention with the two participants was terminated, the staff was educated in a group format. The number of signs and the number of different signs used by the two participants with Down’s syndrome and the staff were registered. The sign intervention with the two participants led to an increased use of signs for one of them and the sign intervention with the staff led to an increased use of signs for the staff together with one of the participants. The main reason for why the sign intervention was effective for one of the two participants with Down’s syndrome and for one group of staff, but not for the other participant or the other group of staff, seems to be that the participants use of signs had an impact on each other. One of the participants with Down’s syndrome and one group of staff seems to have had a positive impact on each others use of signs. The intervention also seems to have been too short and therefore has not given effect for all of the participants.
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34

Kyffin, Felicity. "A study of communication support for children with Down's syndrome and English as an additional language." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-communication-support-for-children-with-downs-syndrome-and-english-as-an-additional-language(6619264a-62d8-477f-a9ec-e5e477be0d4f).html.

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Young children with Down’s syndrome (DS) and English as an additional language (EAL) require a high level of communication support, but there is no guidance for practitioners in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) about how to meet these needs. This thesis explores early years’ practice in mainstream and specialist provision through case studies of two city boroughs with different demographics. The crosscutting themes of experience, training, multi-agency working and policy were identified in the literature and found to be inter-linked in how they influenced the teaching strategies reported in the study. All practitioners working with children with DS and EAL were found to be using a wide range of teaching strategies. These matched the statutory guidance for the EYFS curriculum, suggestions given in early years’ texts and practitioner guidance, and available research evidence relating to the communication of children with DS, with EAL, and with other special educational needs (SEN), although participants did not recognise this. Teachers’ practice was also influenced by the SEN Code of Practice which was current at that time. A vital role was played by the speech and language therapy service in providing training and evidence-based interventions; however, support from this service was reported to be decreasing within mainstream settings. The exchange of information about children’s communication between agencies and settings at times of transition was poor, and SEN coordinators had a challenging role in managing services around the child. The availability of support for children’s home languages differed greatly between the boroughs, with better provision for children in settings where there were high numbers of children with EAL. Children with DS who were international new arrivals are identified in the study as being particularly vulnerable, with delayed access to services and agencies. The need for equity in the communication support available for children with DS and EAL is an important feature of this study’s findings. Addressing this issue has implications for teacher training, joined-up working for EYFS settings and services, the role played by the speech and language therapy service, and the availability of home language support and assessment.
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35

Husberg, Susanne. "Rocka sockorna 365 dagar om året : En kvalitativ litteraturanalys om hur barn med funktionsnedsättning framställs i fyra olika bilderböcker riktade till barn i förskoleåldern." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66326.

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Syftet med denna kvalitativa litteraturanalys var att undersöka hur neuropsykiatrisk och intellektuell funktionsnedsättning skildras i fyra olika bilderböcker som är riktade till barn i förskoleåldern. Resultatet av analysen visar att tre av bilderböckerna skildrar både negativa och positiva aspekter av funktionsnedsättningen, med ett visst fokus på de positiva. I dessa tre bilderböcker kretsar även handlingen kring funktionsnedsättningen, som är det primära i berättelsen. I en av de fyra bilderböckerna skildras funktionsnedsättningen enbart på ett positivt sätt. I denna bilderbok kretsar dock handlingen kring något helt annat än själva funktionsnedsättningen, som inte är det primära i berättelsen. Analysen visar även att funktionsnedsättningen är mest tydlig i bilderböckernas text, och att bilderböckerna skiljer sig åt gällande estetisk utformning.
The purpose of this qualitative literature analysis was to examine how neuropsychiatric and intellectual disability is portrayed in four different picture-books aimed at children in pre-school age. The results of the analysis show that three of the picture-books portrays both positive and negative aspects of the disability, with a certain focus on the positive ones. In these three picture-books, the disability is also the primary in the story. One of the four picture-books only show the positive sides of the disability. However, in this picture-book the disability is not the primary in the story. The analysis also show that the disability is mostly noticeable in the text of the picture-books, and that the picture-books are different regarding their aesthetic design.
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36

Nehring, Wendy M., and Cecily L. Betz. "Down Syndrome." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6712.

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Book Summary: Nurses play a key role in high-quality health care for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD)--and now this up-to-date textbook fully prepares them to provide patients with the best possible services across the lifespan. The most comprehensive text available for nurses who specialize in IDD, this essential book clarifies evidence-based practices and gives readers an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to care that meets each person's individual needs. Cecily Betz and Wendy Nehring--authors of the respected text Promoting Health Care Transitions for Adolescents with Special Health Care Needs and Disabilities--gather the latest research and wisdom of 18 diverse authorities in the medical field. Together, they give pre- and in-service nurses the foundation of knowledge they need to help ensure equal access to health care for people with IDD choose from today's models and philosophies of carepromote their patients' psychosocial developmentprovide effective physical careconduct health assessments and develop individualized plans of caremaintain successful interdisciplinary collaboration with other professionals address the issues associated with specific disabilities, including autism, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, fragile X, sensory impairment, and medical and behavioral health problems support developmental transitions across the lifespan expand their knowledge of genetics and apply it to nursing practice skillfully manage ethical and legal issuesunderstand the service agencies used by individuals with IDD Enhanced with clinical practice guidelines to support effective work with individuals who have IDD, this textbook lights every nurse's path to person-centered, evidence-based care that improves their patients' lives.
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37

Nehring, Wendy M. "Down Syndrome." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6715.

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Written by nurse practitioners for nurse practitioners, this one-of-a-kind resource provides the expert guidance you need to provide comprehensive primary care to children with special needs and their families. It addresses specific conditions that require alterations in standard primary care and offers practical advice on managing the major issues common to children with chronic conditions. A consistent format makes it easy to locate essential information on each condition. Plus, valuable resources help you manage the issues and gaps in health care coverage that may hinder quality care.
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38

Steele, Jonathan. "Prevalence of Down's Syndrome." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280041.

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39

Campbell, Stephanie. "Keratoconus in Down's syndrome." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99603/.

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Keratoconus is a primary cause of visual impairment in young people in the UK. Corneal cross-linking is a recently-introduced treatment for halting progression of keratoconus, which is more effective in early cases. It has long been observed that keratoconus is significantly more prevalent in those with Down’s syndrome (DS) when compared to the general population. Moreover, young people with Down’s syndrome are less able to report early symptoms of keratoconus, often presenting late to eye clinics when cross-linking is no longer possible. A cohort of children and young people with DS were examined with the aim of discovering optometric correlates of keratoconus and to establish the utility of these parameters as risk factors for identifying keratoconus in primary care. An abnormal retinoscopy reflex was found to be the earliest indicator of keratoconus, showing greater potential as a screening test than either refractive error or objective vision measurement. The cornea of individuals with DS is known to be thinner and steeper than usual. Despite this, the high prevalence of keratoconus in DS has long been attributed to eye-rubbing, despite the inherent difference in baseline shape. The current work revealed no relationship between eye rubbing and the development of keratoconus in DS eyes. In vivo biomechanical analysis demonstrated an increased deformation tendency in DS eyes vs. controls, largely accounted for by the decreased corneal thickness in the test group. These results suggest that the high prevalence of keratoconus in DS originates from biomechanical weakness, permitting the loss of regular corneal shape in the absence of eye rubbing. However, ultrastructural analysis of the cornea of the Tc1 mouse model of DS revealed an unaltered collagen and proteoglycan structure. Topographical examination of ‘cone’ morphology in individuals with and without DS demonstrated a similar phenotype at all stages of the disorder, indicating that people with DS and keratoconus may be a useful cohort for future genetic studies into keratoconus as a whole.
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40

Lam, Yau-min, and 林宥冕. "Obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome: a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48423786.

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While obstructive sleep apnea among children with Down syndrome is very common, the pre-existing risk factors and its impact to neurodevelopment are not well known. The aims and objectives of this systematic review are to determine the prevalence of OSA among DS children and to identify the associated risk factors. 6 articles that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved after using PubMed and Google Scholar in literature searching. The prevalence of OSA has great variation among different countries but are relatively high, ranging from 57% to 79%. OSA was significant associated with obesity, age and tonsil size. It is also known to associate with behavioral problem in DS children and delay their neurodevelopment. Therefore, early treatment followed by appropriate modification in lifestyle and diet is crucial in managing OSA.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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41

Jansson, Viktoria. "Barn med Downs syndrom i en förskoleklass : Pedagogers erfarenheter av inkludering av barn med Downs syndrom." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-30169.

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42

Fridh, Ann-Kristin, and Maria Pettersson. "Språkinlärning för elever med Downs syndrom." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Teacher Education, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3253.

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Avsikten med vår uppsats är att lärare inom den allmänna förskolan ska få mer kunskap om hur man kan arbeta med språkinlärning för elever med Downs syndrom. Uppsatsens innehåll tar upp det vi läst i litteraturen och våra kopplingar till det vi sett under våra empiriska studier på en särskola. Vi har genom våra observationer funnit att de arbetssätt de använde på särskolan, kan man till viss del tillgodogöra sig genom att ta del av den forskning som finns i ämnet. I vår uppsats beskriver vi med konkreta exempel hur arbetet med språkinlärning går till på en särskola.

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43

Ross, Kate. "Memory, aging and Down's Syndrome." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317605.

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44

Bergman, Nina. "Downs syndrom : Läkemedelsbehandling vid Alzheimers sjukdom och vid kognitiv funktionsnedsättning hos yngre och vuxna med Downs syndrom." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65889.

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45

Landry, Oriane. "Executive function in Down syndrome." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79785.

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Persons with Down syndrome and MA matched typically developing children were tested on two measures each of hot and cool executive function (EF). Tasks were selected to be developmentally appropriate for mental ages between 3 and 6 years. Participants with Down syndrome performed at the same level as verbal mental age (VMA, M = 47.53 months) matched typically developing children on the Children's Gambling Task (Kerr & Zelazo, 2001), a delay of gratification task (Thompson, Barresi, & Moore, 1997) the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS; Frye, Zelazo, & Palfai, 1995), and the Self-Ordered Pointing task (Petrides & Milner, 1982), but showed a disadvantage on the DCCS, a cool EF task, when matched on performance mental age (PMA, M = 58.34 months). These results reflect the complex cognitive profiles of persons with Down syndrome and highlight the need for more precise matching procedures.
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46

Karlsson, Fredrik. "Syskon och Downs syndrom : En kvalitativ studie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-24218.

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People with Down syndrome are living longer lives today thanks to medical science. These people with their families are in need of assistance from goverments and professionals throughout their lives. It is therefore important to understand how familymembers affected by having a person with Down syndrome in the family. In this paper we focus on the siblings' experience. This study aims to examine four women's experiences of what it is like to have a sibling with Down syndrome and how the respondents have developed their role and identity as siblings, and what strategies they have developed for this role. To examine this, a qualitative interviewguide was used. Respondents were recruited via the snowball method and the author's own contacts. As an interpretive framework for this essay, I have chosen to base much of my theory about role-and identity-concepts and the meaning of siblinghood and how gender is linked to the nursing ability and responsibility of an individual. The results show that respondents perceive their sibling relationship as normal with their disabled sibling. However, there has been some special treatment. The results also show that respondents have a very close relationship with their sibling with Down syndrome and that everyone can see a future where they have a caring and responsible role to their siblings.
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47

Kingsbury, Moore Lois Joy. "Reference and representation in Down's syndrome." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2522.

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Previous research has highlighted a different pattern in the use of grammatical forms to successfully maintain coherent discourse by individuals with Down's syndrome. To maintain coherent discourse both linguistic and non-linguistic information must be integrated and maintained in a mental representation of current discourse. The ability of children with Down's syndrome to use such a mental representation has been assessed in this study. The ability of adults with Down's syndrome to comprehend and produce a range of grammatical forms was initially assessed, using a grammaticality judgement task, an imitation task, and a spontaneous speech sample. Results indicated that the production and comprehension of pronouns was found moderately difficult. The successful use of a pronoun depends on the ability to use a mental representation to retain information about its antecedent in order to assist correct interpretation and avoid ambiguity. A narrative task was used to investigate the use of referential forms by children with Down's syndrome and typically developing children. The effects of certain contextual features on the use of referential forms were investigated: the status of each character and the number of characters in the story; the method of presenting the story; and the position of a listener while the story was narrated. When narrating a story typically developing children distinguished the status of characters in the stories by consistently using different referential forms for each. As age increased this strategy was used more successfully and flexibly. Children with Down's syndrome did not use referential forms in the same way as typically developing children. It is likely that this is a consequence of a difficulty in maintaining information about the whole story-where many sources of information must be accessed, integrated and maintained in a mental representation. At a local level within the story, children with Down's syndrome used referential strategies successfully, demonstrating an ability to integrate limited amounts of information about characters in a story. The inability to maintain information in a mental representation across longer periods of discourse indicates the importance of short term memory in language production.
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48

Landry, Thérèse. "Trisomie 21 : étude de consanguinité et d'apparentement au Saguenay Lac St-Jean /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Ste-Foy : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ;. Université Laval, 1997. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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49

Baylis, Pamela J. "Reading in children with Down syndrome." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428046.

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50

Marttala, J. (Jaana). "First trimester screening and Down syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514294815.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate extended first trimester screening for severe chromosomal disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes in singleton pregnancies among the general population in Finland. Maternal serum biochemical markers, pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (fβ-hCG), and fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness were measured during the gestational weeks 8+0–13+6. A computerized risk figure program was used to calculate an individual risk figure for chromosomal disorders. It was investigated whether the screening parameter, PAPP-A, is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of Down syndrome (DS) cases in Finland during the years 2002–2006 was 1:364 (N=795). The proportion of women aged 35 years or older increased from 5–10% in the years 1980–1990 to 19.1% during the study period. Most DS cases (61.1%) presented in that age group. The first trimester combined screening for Down syndrome yielded a detection rate (DR) of 81.9% for a 4.3% false positive rate (FPR). The performance was evaluated among 76949 voluntary women during the study period of 01.05.2002–31.12.2008. There were 188 cases of DS. The screening worked better among the older women. The number of invasive procedures needed to detect one case of DS was higher among the younger women. Adding specific algorithms for screening of other chromosomal abnormalities yielded DR of 74.0% for trisomy 18 (T18) and 54.5% for trisomy 13 (T13) with an additional increase of 0.3% FPR. For chromosomal abnormalities other than T18 and T13, the specific algorithms did not improve the screening performance. Low first trimester maternal serum levels of PAPP-A (≤0.30 MoM) were significantly associated with small for gestational age (SGA) newborns and stillbirths (SBs). The combined screening method for DS works well in practice and has been standardized in Finland. In screening for trisomies 18 and 13 a specific algorithm is reasonable. Low first trimester levels of PAPP-A could be used as an independent marker for pregnancies at high risk for SGA babies and SBs
Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli arvioida laajennetun ensimmäisen raskauskolmanneksen kromosomipoikkeavuuksien seulonnan toimivuutta yksisikiöisissä raskauksissa suomalaisessa normaaliväestössä. Äidin seerumin biokemialliset merkkiaineet, raskauteen liittyvä valkuaisaine A (PAPP-A) ja raskaushormoni (fβ-hCG) sekä sikiön niskaturvotus mitattiin raskausviikoilla 8+0–13+6. Yksilöllinen riskiluku kromosomipoikkeavuuksille laskettiin käyttäen tietokoneen riskinlaskentaohjelmaa. Seulonnan merkkiaineen, PAPP-A:n, matalien pitoisuuksien yhteyttä epäsuotuisiin raskauden lopputuloksiin tutkittiin. Downin oireyhtymän esiintyvyys Suomessa oli 1:364 (N=795) vuosina 2002–2006. 35-vuotiaiden tai sitä vanhempien naisten osuus oli tutkimusaikana 19.1 %, mikä on huomattavasti suurempi kuin vuosien 1980–1990: 5–10 %. Näiden naisten sikiöiden joukosta löytyi suurin osa Down oireyhtymistä (61.1 %). Ensimmäisen raskauskolmanneksen yhdistelmäseulonnan toimivuutta tutkittiin aikana 01.05.2002–31.12.2008. Tutkimukseen osallistui 76 949 vapaaehtoista naista. Joukossa oli 188 Downin oireyhtymätapausta. Seulonnan herkkyys Downin oireyhtymälle oli 81.9 % ja tarkkuus 4.3 %. Seulonta toimi parhaiten vanhempien naisten joukossa. Niiden kajoavien toimenpiteiden määrä, jotka tarvittiin yhden Down-sikiön löytämiseksi, oli suurempi nuorten naisten joukossa. Tutkimuksessa Downin oireyhtymän algoritmiin lisättiin spesifiset algoritmit trisomioille 18 ja 13, jolloin saavutettiin 74.0 %:n herkkyys trisomialle 18 ja 54.5 %:n herkkyys trisomialle 13. Väärien positiivisten seulontatulosten määrä kasvoi 0.3  %:n verran. Seulonnan toimivuus muiden kromosomipoikkeavuuksien joukossa ei parantunut spesifisten algoritmien avulla. Lisäksi matalan PAPP-A-pitoisuuden yhteys pienipainoisuuten ja kuolleena syntyneisyyteen oli tilastollisesti merkittävä. Tutkimus osoitti, että esimmäisen raskauskolmanneksen yhdistelmäseulonta toimii hyvin käytännössä. Trisomioiden 18 ja 13 seulonnassa spesifisten algoritmien käyttö on järkevää. Matalaa ensimmäisen raskauskolmanneksen PAPP-A-arvoa voitaisiin käyttää itsenäisenä riskimerkkiaineena raskauksille, joissa pienipainoisuuden ja kuolleena syntymisen riski on kohonnut
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