Journal articles: 'Downtown Los Angeles'

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RYAN, MARY P. "A durable centre of urban space: the Los Angeles Plaza." Urban History 33, no. 3 (December 2006): 457–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392680600407x.

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This article searches for the historic centre of Los Angeles, California, the archetype of urban sprawl. Taking maps and photographs as its principal sources it finds an enduring urban centre in a plaza designed by the Spanish in 1781 and occupied by Mexicans until the US army conquered the city in 1847. The Plaza anchored the dispersed ranch land of the Pueblo of Los Angeles and was the magnet for commercial development during the first decades of American settlement. Between 1850 and 1880, Anglo immigrants built up the south-western side of the Plaza with shops and civic buildings creating a hybrid and bicultural centre, a compression of Main Street and the Plaza. After 1880 a process of spatial mitosis occurred as commerce and municipal functions moved down Main Street and melded into a modern downtown. Since then the skyscrapers downtown have overshadowed but not displaced the old Plaza, which still serves as social, symbolic and ceremonial space for Angelenos, especially immigrants from Latin America. The durability of the Plaza and its direct successors, Main Street and Downtown, not only designate a centre for Los Angeles, but articulate a distinctive urban morphology, that of a centrifugal metropolis rather than fragmented city or sprawl of suburbs.

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Hand, Ashley Zarella, and Gunnar Hauser Hand. "Sustainable democracy in downtown Los Angeles." National Civic Review 99, no. 3 (September 2010): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ncr.20026.

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Adler, S. "The Dynamics of Transit Innovation in Los Angeles." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, no. 3 (September 1986): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040321.

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The recent reemergence of the private sector in urban transit, as well as private-sector-like behavior in the public sector, are manifestations of profound political and fiscal crises that are reshaping the service and institutional structure of the US transit industry, These crises developed as coalitions of competing place-based activists sought to deploy transit investments as strategic weapons to gain location advantages, The history and politics of transit in the intensely competitive Los Angeles metropolitan area illuminate these dynamics, especially the continuing conflict between downtown Los Angeles and outlying business centers on the issues of rail rapid transit and the role of the regional bus transit agency. Privatization and institutional fragmentation, facilitated in Los Angeles by passage of a transit sales tax in 1980, are the strategies of choice for outlying business centers, just as region-wide agencies and radial rail rapid transit systems have been downtown initiatives.

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Machowska, Monika. "Gentryfikacja Downtown Los Angeles – szansa na rewitalizację historycznego centrum miasta, a zagrożenie dla lokalnej społeczności." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica 15 (December 31, 2020): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20845456.15.6.

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Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie procesu gentryfikacji zachodzącego w Downtown Los Angeles. Centrum miasta stało się w ostatnich dwóch dekadach polem starcia interesów kilku grup społecznych oraz tematem ożywionej debaty publicznej. Najstarsze kwartały Los Angeles od początku zamieszkiwała wieloetniczna i wielokulturowa populacja, a na przełomie XIX i XX wieku w okolicach stacji kolejowej dołączyła do niej liczna grupa bezdomnych. Intensyfikacja działań prywatnych firm deweloperskich przy jednoczesnym braku konsekwentnego planowania ze strony administracji pogłębia już istniejące w aglomeracji deficyty dostępnych cenowo mieszkań dla najuboższych jej mieszkańców. Jak wskazują dane, azjatyckie dzielnice etniczne (Little Tokyo i Chinatown) skutecznie opierają się temu procesowi, który szczególnie destrukcyjny charakter przyjął w okolicach Skid Row oraz kwartałach zajmowanych przez Latino Angelenos i Afroamerykanów. Magistrat współpracuje z inwestorami głównie w obszarze inwestycji ratujących zabytkowe budynki historycznego centrum, na których renowację nie posiada funduszy. Wykazuje mniejsze zaangażowanie w kwestii zabezpieczenia warunków bytowych osób nisko sytuowanych w dzielnicach tanich hoteli i budynków pofabrycznych. W efekcie mamy do czynienia z odpływem pierwotnej populacji i zastępowaniem jej przez zamożnych inwestorów oraz najemców. Zostaje też utracony dotychczasowy charakter całych kwartałów. Artykuł ma charakter opisowy, opiera się na danych pochodzących ze źródeł stanowych i federacji, monografii i artykułów naukowych oraz artykułów lokalnej prasy.

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Friedman, Julie, and Karen M. Chelling. "Building a Corporate Wellness Consortium: The Los Angeles Downtown Wellness Consortium." American Journal of Health Promotion 7, no. 1 (September 1992): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-7.1.9.

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Black, Liza. "The Exiles: Native Survivance and Urban Space in Downtown Los Angeles." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 42, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 155–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.42.3.black.

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The 1961 independent film The Exiles is remarkable for many reasons. Nonprofessional Native actors played themselves, created their own dialogue, and developed the storyline, for example, and the film positions itself as documentary and ethnography in ways that validate these Native interventions. Although The Exiles is fundamentally a portrait of American Indian life in Los Angeles, readings from film and urban studies primarily focus on filmmaking technique. As a result of this critical focus, the film's significance in regard to the cultural agency and urban history of Native peoples becomes secondary, and urban Natives are erroneously depicted as anomalous as well. Looking closely at Yvonne Williams, the female Native protagonist, I find that the film embodies Native American survivance through capturing an urban experience that was controlled by Native people more than any other filmic representation up to that point. This article argues for the tremendous import of The Exiles by highlighting the ways in which it challenges expectations of modern Indian people.

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Quinlan, Meghan. "Abstractions of Whiteness in Downtown Los Angeles: Ate9’s Kelev Lavan." TDR/The Drama Review 60, no. 3 (September 2016): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00578.

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Ate9 Dance Company’s Kelev Lavan raised questions about the politics of individualism and the neutrality of whiteness in art, during a period of acute social tension surrounding police violence against people of color in the US. Issues of technique, aesthetics, and the invisibilization of identity politics are explored in the context of this site-specific performance.

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Katagi, Wendy R., Ted Johnson, and Timothy Brick. "Case Study: Central Arroyo Seco Stream Restoration Near Downtown Los Angeles." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2010, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864710798284238.

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Roberts, Nicholas W. "Design as materials research: building a cathedral to last 500 years." Architectural Research Quarterly 7, no. 3-4 (September 2003): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503002276.

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‘A city seventy miles square but rarely seventy years deep apart from a small downtown not yet two centuries old and a few other pockets of ancientry, Los Angeles is instant architecture on an instant townscape.’ (Banham, 1971)Two opposing attitudes shape the built environment of North America: the myth of transience and the myth of permanence.

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Abdelghaffar, Hossam M., and Hesham A. Rakha. "A Novel Decentralized Game-Theoretic Adaptive Traffic Signal Controller: Large-Scale Testing." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102282.

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This paper presents a novel de-centralized flexible phasing scheme, cycle-free, adaptive traffic signal controller using a Nash bargaining game-theoretic framework. The Nash bargaining algorithm optimizes the traffic signal timings at each signalized intersection by modeling each phase as a player in a game, where players cooperate to reach a mutually agreeable outcome. The controller is implemented and tested in the INTEGRATION microscopic traffic assignment and simulation software, comparing its performance to that of a traditional decentralized adaptive cycle length and phase split traffic signal controller and a centralized fully-coordinated adaptive phase split, cycle length, and offset optimization controller. The comparisons are conducted in the town of Blacksburg, Virginia (38 traffic signalized intersections) and in downtown Los Angeles, California (457 signalized intersections). The results for the downtown Blacksburg evaluation show significant network-wide efficiency improvements. Specifically, there is a 23.6 % reduction in travel time, a 37.6 % reduction in queue lengths, and a 10.4 % reduction in CO 2 emissions relative to traditional adaptive traffic signal controllers. In addition, the testing on the downtown Los Angeles network produces a 35.1 % reduction in travel time on the intersection approaches, a 54.7 % reduction in queue lengths, and a 10 % reduction in CO 2 emissions compared to traditional adaptive traffic signal controllers. The results demonstrate significant potential benefits of using the proposed controller over other state-of-the-art centralized and de-centralized adaptive traffic signal controllers on large-scale networks both during uncongested and congested conditions.

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Wang, Gang, Qingbo Wen, Liming HU, and Jay N. MEEGODA. "Study of reclaimed water system in downtown Los Angeles based on system dynamics theory." E3S Web of Conferences 144 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014401003.

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The shortage of water resources has seriously restricted the development of cities. Unconventional water resources is of great significance for sustainable development. As a city lack of water, Los Angeles plans to develop reclaimed water as an important component of urban water supply under the conditions of drought and over exploitation of groundwater. In order to provide a basis for urban reclaimed water construction planning, this paper developed a system dynamic model to provide scientific suggestions for the planning of reclaimed water. According to the analysis of Los Angeles water system, the model divides the system into reclaimed water system, urban water consumption system, urban water supply system and water supply cost system. The degree of water shortage, urban water supply, water supply cost, and reclaimed water production were chosen as the model index for the requirement of plan design. The historical data was employed to verify the model, indicating that the model is reliable. Then the plans under different rates of growth of reclaimed water were designed. According to the comprehensive analysis of the model index, the second plan was considered to be the optimal one: increase the local water supply in Los Angeles to 50 percent of the total by 2035 and reduce purchases by 50 percent. Finally, Reclaimed water accounts for 30% of the city’s water supply, meanwhile, water supply costs decline 10%.

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Billeter, Sarah A., Vijay A. K. B. Gundi, Michael P. Rood, and Michael Y. Kosoy. "Molecular Detection and Identification of Bartonella Species in Xenopsylla cheopis Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Collected from Rattus norvegicus Rats in Los Angeles, California." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 21 (September 9, 2011): 7850–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06012-11.

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ABSTRACTOf 200 individualXenopsylla cheopisfleas removed fromRattus norvegicusrats trapped in downtown Los Angeles, CA, 190 (95%) were positive for the presence ofBartonellaDNA. Ninety-one amplicons were sequenced:Bartonella rochalimae-like DNA was detected in 66 examined fleas, andBartonella tribocorum-like DNA was identified in 25 fleas. The data obtained from this study demonstrate an extremely high prevalence ofBartonellaDNA in rat-associated fleas.

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Dahmann, Nicholas. "Cartographic Editorial—For Maps! Working Through Cartographic Anxiety in Downtown Los Angeles." Urban Geography 31, no. 6 (August 2010): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.31.6.717.

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Shu, Shi, Christina Batteate, Brian Cole, John Froines, and Yifang Zhu. "Air quality impacts of a CicLAvia event in Downtown Los Angeles, CA." Environmental Pollution 208 (January 2016): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.010.

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Zheng, Haotian, Christophe Bragard, Carlos Herranz Calvo, Michael Mooney, and Marte Gutierrez. "Observed Performance and Analysis of SEM Cavern Construction in Downtown Los Angeles." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 147, no. 11 (November 2021): 05021011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002639.

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Saikia, Chandan K., Douglas S. Dreger, and Donald V. Helmberger. "Modeling of energy amplification recorded within Greater Los Angeles using irregular structure." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0840010047.

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Abstract We have investigated energy amplification observed within Greater Los Angeles basin by analyzing regional waveforms recorded from several Nevada Test Site (NTS) nuclear explosions. Although the stations are located nearly at the same azimuth (distances ranging from 350 to 400 km), the seismograms recorded in Compton (the central part of the basin), Long Beach (the southern edge of the basin), and downtown Los Angeles are remarkably different, even for a common explosion. Following the onset of Lg waves, the Long Beach sites have recorded surface waves for more than 100 sec. From one explosion, the sites within downtown Los Angeles have recorded seismograms with strong 3-sec surface waves. These waves are not observed on the seismograms recorded in the neighboring hard-rock site California Institute of Technology (CIT) station. Thus, they must have been generated by local wave guides. Numerically, we modeled these 3-sec waves by convolving the CIT seismogram with the response of a sedimentary strata dipping gently (about 6°) from CIT toward downtown. We also examined the irregular basin effect by analyzing the variation of cumulative temporal energy across the basin relative to the energy recorded at CIT from the same explosion. Variation up to a factor of 30 was observed. To model the energy variation that is caused by extended surface waves in the Long Beach area, we used numerically simulated site transfer functions (STF) from a NNE-SSW oriented two-dimensional basin structure extending from Montebello to Palos Verdes that included low-velocity sedimentary material in the uppermost layers. These STFs were convolved with the CIT seismogram recorded from the MAST explosion. To simulate elongated duration of surface waves, we introduced in the upper sedimentary structure some discontinuous microbasin structures of varying size, each microbasin delaying the seismic waves propagating through them. Consequently, the surface-reflected phases through these structures are delayed and reflected into the upper medium by the underlying interfaces. This mechanism helps delayed energy to appear at a later time and result in a longer time duration at sites located at southern edge of the basin.

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Mayeux, Sara. "“An Honest But Fearless Fighter”: The Adversarial Ideal of Public Defenders in 1930s and 1940s Los Angeles." Law and History Review 36, no. 3 (August 2018): 619–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248018000202.

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Early one Sunday in 1948, Frederic Vercoe set out from his home in San Marino, California, for a speaking engagement in downtown Los Angeles. Perhaps he took the Arroyo Seco Parkway, which had opened for drivers 8 years before, linking the city more tightly with its “vast agglomerate of suburbs.” Although the roads may have changed, Vercoe had been making some version of this commute for decades. He had recently retired after a long career with the Los Angeles County Public Defender—13 years as a deputy, followed by 19 years as head of the office—and now maintained a small private law practice downtown. Many mornings, Vercoe would have had business at the Hall of Justice, the ten-story box of “gray California granite” that housed the jails and courtrooms. On this particular morning, he was headed instead to Clifton's Cafeteria at Seventh Street and Broadway. Perhaps, as he drove the dozen miles west into the city, he admired the “geraniums, cosmos, sweet peas, asters and marigolds” that lined the “gardens, parkways, and driveways,” or perhaps he was used to the foliage by now. Vercoe had lived in California for more than 30 years, making him, by West Coast standards, a real “old-timer.”

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Rovner, Anton А. "An Interview with Composers Pamela Madsen and Eric Dries from Los Angeles." ICONI, no. 2 (2019): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33779/2658-4824.2019.2.172-178.

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Dear readers of the journal “ICONI”! We are offering you an interview with two innovative American composers residing in California, Pamela Madsen and Eric Dries. They demonstrate the rich context of new trends in American music encompassing the serial Uptown School and the experimental Downtown School, as well as their connections to contemporary European music. The composers describe the styles of their respective musical compositions and their versatile musical activities, including teaching at the California State University at Fullerton, performing and organizing concerts of contemporary music.

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Jasińska, Anna, and Artur Jasiński. "ELI BROAD AND HIS WORK: THE BROAD MUSEUM IN LOS ANGELES." Muzealnictwo 62 (February 10, 2021): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7368.

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In the paper the profile and activity of Eli Broad is presented; an American entrepreneur, collector, philanthropist, Broad is one of the wealthiest individuals in the world who has allocated most of his assets to charity. His collecting passion climaxed in The Broad Museum of modern art designed by the New York architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro, and opened in September 2015 in Downtown Los Angeles. Not only has Eli Broad funded the museum bearing his own name and numerous other buildings designed by the most outstanding modern architects, but many other museum institutions are indebted to this charity.

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Delgado, Celeste Fraser. "Salsa Crossings: Dancing Latinidad in Los Angeles." Dance Research Journal 46, no. 2 (August 2014): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767714000308.

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It appears to be a ritual among salsa dance scholars to open by sharing a personal salsa experience. I will follow their lead: My introduction to Los Angeles–style salsa came on a Saturday night in the spring of 1999, when I had the pleasure of taking a tour of the city's salsa scene with dance scholar Juliet McMains. Already an established professional ballroom dancer, McMains was just beginning her graduate studies at the University of California–Riverside where I was visiting faculty, having recently co-edited a collection on Latin/o American social dance. Lucky for me, McMains was among the many brilliant students who enrolled in my class on race and dance. The night of our tour, she invited a handsome friend and fellow ballroom dancer to partner first one of us, then the other, throughout the night. He drove us around the city as we stopped at a cramped restaurant-turned-nightclub in a strip mall, at a glamorous ballroom in Beverly Hills, then ended the night downtown at a massive disco in a former movie palace, the Mayan nightclub.

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Espinosa, Christopher P. "The Return of América Tropical." California History 97, no. 1 (2020): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2020.97.1.50.

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In 1932, the Mexican artist David Alfaro Siqueiros was commissioned to paint an idealized tropical scene on a second-story exterior wall on Olvera Street, in the heart of downtown Los Angeles. Siqueiros instead created América Tropical, a monumental mural depicting an overgrown jungle with a crucified Indian peasant surmounted by an American eagle, at which revolutionary soldiers aim their rifles. This imagery was immediately controversial; within the decade the entire mural was whitewashed. For the next twenty years, it remained under layers of white paint, neglected and all but forgotten. In 1988, the Getty Conservation Institute began a collaboration with the City of Los Angeles to conserve América Tropical. This led to a study of the environment around the mural and the design of a protective shelter and viewing platform for the public. Eighty years after its creation, América Tropical was re-unveiled to the public. Today, visitors to El Pueblo de Los Angeles Historical Monument can learn more about the history, controversy, and modern techniques in mural conservation at the America Tropical Interpretive Center, located on historic Olvera Street.

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Moore, T. A., J. H. Kobzeff, J. Diri, and C. Arnold. "The Whittier Narrows, California Earthquake of October 1, 1987—Preliminary Evaluation of the Performance of Strengthened Unreinforced Masonry Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 4, no. 1 (February 1988): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585472.

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This report presents preliminary case studies of the performance of selected unreinforced masonry buildings during the Whittier Narrows Earthquakes. Attention is focused on buildings located in the downtown Los Angeles area which have been rehabilitated to conform with the Los Angeles hazard reduction Ordinance. There was no life loss or major injuries attributed to the response of unreinforced masonry buildings to the earthquakes. However, there was a significant number of both rehabilitated and non-strengthened buildings for which masonry peeled off upper story walls. This was mainly due to separation of the outer whythe of brick, or out-of-plane bending failure, and/or in-plane shear failures of wall piers, particularly at building corners. The falling bricks associated with these failures did present an injury hazard so it is important to investigate economical measures to minimize these hazards in future earthquakes.

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Farag, Mohamed M. G., Hesham A. Rakha, Emadeldin A. Mazied, and Jayanthi Rao. "INTEGRATION Large-Scale Modeling Framework of Direct Cellular Vehicle-to-All (C-V2X) Applications." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062127.

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The transportation system has evolved into a complex cyber-physical system with the introduction of wireless communication and the emergence of connected travelers and connected automated vehicles. Such applications create an urgent need to develop high-fidelity transportation modeling tools that capture the mutual interaction of the communication and transportation systems. This paper addresses this need by developing a high-fidelity, large-scale dynamic and integrated traffic and direct cellullar vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure (collectively known as V2X) modeling tool. The unique contributions of this work are (1) we developed a scalable implementation of the analytical communication model that captures packet movement at the millisecond level; (2) we coupled the communication and traffic simulation models in real-time to develop a fully integrated dynamic connected vehicle modeling tool; and (3) we developed scalable approaches that adjust the frequency of model coupling depending on the number of concurrent vehicles in the network. The proposed scalable modeling framework is demonstrated by running on the Los Angeles downtown network considering the morning peak hour traffic demand (145,000 vehicles), running faster than real-time on a regular personal computer (1.5 h to run 1.86 h of simulation time). Spatiotemporal estimates of packet delivery ratios for downtown Los Angeles are presented. This novel modeling framework provides a breakthrough in the development of urgently needed tools for large-scale testing of direct (C-V2X) enabled applications.

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Keeler, Zachary T., Heather M. Stephens, and Brad R. Humphreys. "The Amenity Value of Sports Facilities: Evidence From the Staples Center in Los Angeles." Journal of Sports Economics 22, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 799–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15270025211018258.

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U.S. cities have recently experienced a boom in new sports facility construction. Although these facilities can provide benefits to local residents, they may also generate negative externalities, making dwellings near a facility less desirable. Using a hedonic spatial difference-in-differences model, we analyze the impact of proximity to the Staples Center, a sports and entertainment venue in downtown Los Angeles, California, on house prices. Results indicate that the arena opening increased nearby house prices and that there were also positive “anticipation” effects associated with the announcement of the new arena location and local government approval.

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Flusty, Steven. "Thrashing Downtown: Play as resistance to the spatial and representational regulation of Los Angeles." Cities 17, no. 2 (April 2000): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-2751(00)00009-3.

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Pan, Qisheng, Harry Richardson, Peter Gordon, and James Moore. "The Economic Impacts of a Terrorist Attack on the Downtown Los Angeles Financial District." Spatial Economic Analysis 4, no. 2 (June 2009): 213–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17421770902834335.

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Pardue, Derek. "Sound, Space, and the City: Civic Performance in Downtown Los Angeles (review)." Anthropological Quarterly 84, no. 1 (2011): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anq.2011.0015.

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REESE, ELLEN, GEOFFREY DEVERTEUIL, and LEANNE THACH. "‘Weak-Center’ Gentrification and the Contradictions of Containment: Deconcentrating Poverty in Downtown Los Angeles." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 34, no. 2 (April 29, 2010): 310–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00900.x.

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Li, Wei. "Geographical study of ethnicity: Comparison between downtown and suburban Chinese in Metropolitan Los Angeles." GeoJournal 30, no. 3 (July 1993): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00806723.

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Heikkila, E., P. Gordon, J. I. Kim, R. B. Peiser, H. W. Richardson, and D. Dale-Johnson. "What Happened to the CBD-Distance Gradient?: Land Values in a Policentric City." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 21, no. 2 (February 1989): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a210221.

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Hedonic regression methods are used to assess the impact of dwelling and structure characteristics, neighborhood effects, and multiple locations on a sample of almost 11000 residential property sales in Los Angeles County in 1980. Correction for the dwelling characteristic permits the analysis to be interpreted in terms of land values rather than property values per unit area. The selected equation explains more than 93% of the variation in the dependent variable (house price per unit of lot area). All the independent variables (five property or transaction characteristics, four neighborhood effects, and ten locational nodes) are statistically significant, with one major exception: distance from the CBD, which has a very low /-value and an unexpected sign. This result should be considered in the context of many superficial references, based largely on visual symbols such as new office buildings, to a revival of downtown Los Angeles. The authors interpret the finding that eight subcenters have a statistically significant influence on metropolitan residential land values in Los Angeles as yet another indication of the demise of the monocentric model and the need to discuss VS metropolitan areas in policentric terms.

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Montgomery, Alesia F. "“Living in Each Other's Pockets”: The Navigation of Social Distances by Middle Class Families in Los Angeles." City & Community 5, no. 4 (December 2006): 425–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2006.00192.x.

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In Hollywood movies and dystopian critiques, Los Angeles is two cities: one wealthy, white, and gated, the other impoverished, dark, and carceral. This depiction verges on caricature, eliding the diversity and maneuvers of the region's middle class. Drawing upon ethnographies of middle class families (black, white, Latino, Asian) in affluent areas of West Los Angeles and the Valley and in the low‐income areas that are located south and east of downtown Los Angeles, I explore how and why, and at what costs, parents engage in daily maneuvers to place their children in beneficial settings across the region's vast sprawl. I describe these maneuvers that resemble a game of “musical chairs” as selective flight. In contrast to middle class flight to the suburbs, selective flight involves diurnal rather than residential shifts. Enabling middle‐class families who reside amidst the crumbling infrastructure of the urban core to chase cultural capital and physical safety in ever‐receding advantaged areas, the post‐Civil Rights State expands spatial mobility yet does not close racial distances. The pursuit of ever‐receding spaces of advantage is particularly paradoxical and burdensome for black middle‐class parents.

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Sailor, David J. "Simulated Urban Climate Response to Modifications in Surface Albedo and Vegetative Cover." Journal of Applied Meteorology 34, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1694–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450-34.7.1694.

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Abstract Three-dimensional meteorological simulations have been conducted to investigate the potential impact of urban surface characteristic modifications on local climate. Results for a base case simulation for the Los Angeles basin are compared to results from cases in which urban albedo or vegetative cover are increased. The methodology for determining the distribution and magnitude of these simulated surface modifications is presented. Increasing albedo over downtown Los Angeles by 0.14 and over the entire basin by an average of 0.08 decreased peak summertime temperatures by as much as 1.5°C. This level of albedo augmentation also lowered boundary layer heights by more than 50 m and reduced the magnitude and penetration of the sea breeze. A second simulation, in which vegetative cover was increased, showed qualitatively similar impacts. The results from these simulations indicate a potential to reduce urban energy demand and atmospheric pollution by 5%10% through application of reasonable surface modification strategies.

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Purrier, Dianne, and Aimee Ricca. "SMPTE 2018 Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition at All-New Venue in Downtown Los Angeles." SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal 128, no. 1 (January 2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/jmi.2018.2886142.

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Kelley, Scott. "Driver Use and Perceptions of Refueling Stations Near Freeways in a Developing Infrastructure for Alternative Fuel Vehicles." Social Sciences 7, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7110242.

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There is growing agreement that refueling station location plans that aim to encourage public adoption of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) should include sites near freeways in urban areas. Little is known, though, about the refueling behavior of early AFV adopters in these locations, which can involve travel on complex and congested roadways. To address this, an intercept travel survey collected data from 158 drivers of compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles who refueled at CNG stations near freeways in greater Los Angeles, California. Results show that these stations met refueling demand from across the majority of the metropolitan area, and the distribution of local and distant refueling demand was consistent except for the downtown station. Drivers also considered these stations to be safe and accessible. Nearly half of drivers did not include another local stop in conjunction with their refueling trip that required leaving and returning to the freeway. These respondents refueled on longer trips with lower fuel tank levels, while refueling at the station that minimized deviation. Refueling downtown negatively influenced refueling in this manner. These findings should be considered when recommending station sites near freeways in future AFV infrastructure plans.

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Tarr, Alexander R. "Return to the City of Quartz: Excavating the Future 20 Years On." Human Geography 5, no. 3 (November 2012): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861200500312.

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This paper revisits Mike Davis’ seminal City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles twenty years after it was originally published. It argues that the book continues to provide an indispensable model for left, politically engaged forms of urban research. The paper criticizes the apocalyptic readings of City of Quartz that have multiplied over time and instead suggests that Davis be read for his emphasis on an urban dialectic—the constant and ongoing struggles over urban form, politics and culture that shape the geographies of Los Angeles to this day. To this end, the paper looks to the city's more recent history, especially current battles being fought over the future of downtown L.A., to illustrate how we might continue to use Davis’ framework for critical analyses of urban power. At the same time, the paper addresses inadequacies of what has been called the “L.A. School” and its singularly postmodern approach to urban questions that fail to provide coherent understanding of the material realities of modern American cities. It argues that something like an L.A. School can be more properly grounded in the historical-materialist, even socialist, forms of writing and thinking developed in works like City of Quartz and much of the critical urban geography that came in its footsteps. Ultimately the paper is a call for scholarship on Los Angeles to be deeply engaged with both the concrete and abstract dimensions of a place, not for the sake of theory alone, but to further radical praxis in Los Angeles and all American cities.

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Kohler, Monica D., Filippos Filippitzis, Thomas Heaton, Robert W. Clayton, Richard Guy, Julian Bunn, and K. Mani Chandy. "2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Reveals Areas of Los Angeles That Amplify Shaking of High-Rises." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 6 (September 30, 2020): 3370–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200170.

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Abstract The populace of Los Angeles, California, was startled by shaking from the M 7.1 earthquake that struck the city of Ridgecrest located 200 km to the north on 6 July 2019. Although the earthquake did not cause damage in Los Angeles, the experience in high-rise buildings was frightening in contrast to the shaking felt in short buildings. Observations from 560 ground-level accelerometers reveal large variations in shaking in the Los Angeles basin that occurred for more than 2 min. The observations come from the spatially dense Community Seismic Network (CSN), combined with the sparser Southern California Seismic Network and California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program networks. Site amplification factors for periods of 1, 3, 6, and 8 s are computed as the ratio of each station’s response spectral values combined for the two horizontal directions, relative to the average of three bedrock sites. Spatially coherent behavior in site amplification emerges for periods ≥3 s, and the maximum calculated site amplifications are the largest, by factors of 7, 10, and 8, respectively, for 3, 6, and 8 s periods. The dense CSN observations show that the long-period amplification is clearly, but only partially, correlated with the depth to basement. Sites with the largest amplifications for the long periods (≥3 s) are not close to the deepest portion of the basin. At 6 and 8 s periods, the maximum amplifications occur in the western part of the Los Angeles basin and in the south-central San Fernando Valley sedimentary basin. The observations suggest that the excitation of a hypothetical high-rise located in an area characterized by the largest site amplifications could be four times larger than in a downtown Los Angeles location.

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Kohler, Monica D., Anthony Massari, Thomas H. Heaton, Hiroo Kanamori, Egill Hauksson, Richard Guy, Robert W. Clayton, Julian Bunn, and K. M. Chandy. "Downtown Los Angeles 52-Story High-Rise and Free-Field Response to an Oil Refinery Explosion." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 3 (August 2016): 1793–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/062315eqs101m.

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The ExxonMobil Corp. oil refinery in Torrance, California, experienced an explosion on 18 February 2015, causing ground shaking equivalent to a magnitude 2.0 earthquake. The impulse response for the source was computed from Southern California Seismic Network data for a single force system with a value of 2 × 105 kN vertically downward. The refinery explosion produced an air pressure wave that was recorded 22.8 km away in a 52-story high-rise building in downtown Los Angeles by a dense accelerometer array that is a component of the Community Seismic Network. The array recorded anomalous waveforms on each floor displaying coherent arrivals that are consistent with the building's elastic response to a pressure wave caused by the refinery explosion. Using a finite-element model of the building, the force on the building on a floor-by-floor scale was found to range up to 1.42 kN, corresponding to a pressure perturbation of 7.7 Pa.

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Marquardt, Nadine, and Henning Füller. "Spillover of the private city: BIDs as a pivot of social control in downtown Los Angeles." European Urban and Regional Studies 19, no. 2 (April 2012): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776411420019.

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Farabee, Mindy. "Codifying Invisible Borders: How Municipal Ordinances Inscribe Market Values on the Landscape in Downtown Los Angeles." New Global Studies 13, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2019-0032.

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AbstractZoning codes dramatically impact every community they touch. Ostensibly, these ordinances are meant to impose some collectively determined order on our built environments. In practice, they often draw lines in the sand that distribute power unevenly between residents. As home to the U.S.’ second largest homeless population, Los Angeles is but a stark example of the widespread housing crisis hitting many cities around the globe. In the 1970s, this is where the city drew borders around its Skid Row and consolidated social services in a bid to contain homelessness within the region’s urban core. As part of a an ambitious initiative launched in 2013, the city is now updating the zoning codes across its downtown area, a move that is prompting a vigorous debate over the role of municipal ordinances in codifying market-driven approaches to neighborhood revitalization. This interview engages with the Janus face of borders as inclusionary and exclusionary, asking: through what mechanisms – subtle and overt – do zoning codes dictate the shape of our private and communal spaces? And how can communities stake out their turf among competing value systems?

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Saito, Leland. "Urban Development and the Growth with Equity Framework: The National Football League Stadium in Downtown Los Angeles." Urban Affairs Review 55, no. 5 (January 9, 2018): 1370–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087417751216.

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In political economy, research on growth coalitions and regime theory concludes that progressive coalitions representing lower-income residents and effectively working for policy change at the local level involving development are unlikely since they lack the resources necessary to build and maintain strong coalitions with long-term influence with elected officials. In Los Angeles, a coalition representing the homeless filed a lawsuit in 2012, which involved one of the most powerful developers in the region, and reached a favorable settlement. Given the strength of growth interests and factors working against redistributive policies, I ask the question, how did the coalition muster the political influence and resources necessary to compel the developer to settle the lawsuit? I contend that the settlement is evidence of a progressive coalition in the region that is working to establish a growth with equity framework and that the coalition has established political influence with local officials.

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Chu, Clara, and Todd Honma. "Libraries as Contested Community and Cultural Space: The Bruggemeyer Memorial Library of Monterey Park, California." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 5, no. 1 (2007): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus5.1_33-57_chuetal.

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In the City of Monterey Park, a sleepy city, east of downtown Los Angeles, the late 1970s and the1980s marked a dramatic demographic shift from predominantly White to Asian American. Who had economic and political power was publicly played out through struggles between the city council and the business sectors. An unlikely locus for political struggle was the Bruggemeyer Memorial Library. In the late-1980s, what many might consider to be a neutral agency that collects, organizes and disseminates information, the public library became the battleground to (re)claim community, access and representation of Asian Americans in Monterey Park. By contextualizing the library as civic space, this paper explores dominant U.S. hegemonic ideologies and political agendas reproduced in cultural institutions, such as libraries.

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Bethel, A. C. W. "The Unfinished Web." Southern California Quarterly 102, no. 4 (2020): 327–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2020.102.4.327.

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Early in the twentieth century, Los Angeles’s regional interurban electric railway, the Pacific Electric (PE), developed serious operational problems because the PE had been assembled from separate railroads that hadn’t been designed to fit together, and because Los Angeles’s explosive population growth overtaxed its facilities. The PE wanted to speed its trains and unify its system with a crosstown subway, but in 1923 the Los Angeles City1 Council blocked the PE’s plan and instead commissioned engineers and professional transit planners to devise comprehensive regional transit plans to be operated for the public good, not for private profit. These plans all focused on bringing lots of people downtown quickly, something irrelevant in a decentralizing city. Part I concludes with two seemingly propitious developments: the PE’s opening of its own mile-long but isolated Hollywood Subway, a compromise design but still impressive; and the unveiling of the most detailed and elaborate of the transit plans, as required by the new city charter. Part II, in the next issue, will describe why that comprehensive plan failed, then trace how political, economic, and demographic changes in the 1920s and 30s affected transit planning and why a plan to locate rail rapid transit in freeway medians failed. Part II will end with an examination of the PE’s financial condition as a refutation of a common explanation of the PE’s long decline.

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Comerio, Mary C. "Impacts of the Los Angeles Retrofit Ordinance on Residential Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 8, no. 1 (February 1992): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585671.

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The Los Angeles Earthquake Hazards Reduction Ordinance, enacted in 1981 required owners of all unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings to comply with retroactive seismic standards. Among the 8100 URM buildings are approximately 1600 residential buildings with 46,000 housing units. As of March 1991, 55% are complete, 13% are in progress, 12% have been demolished and 20% have not complied. Data kept by the city shows the average cost per unit to be about $6000, and the average rent increase for tenants to be $67 per month, a 14-26% increase over pre-retrofit rents. Less than one-third of the owners completing the retrofit have applied for rent increases. Only 6% of the completed buildings have received financing assistance from the city. Two-thirds of the residential building owners appear to be finding the financing to complete the retrofit without assistance from the city but the remaining one-third of the units are at risk because owners are unable or unwilling to undertake the required work. Tenants who were forced to leave demolished or vacated units had difficulty finding replacement housing at affordable rents, and all tenants in downtown neighborhoods have been impacted by increasing rents and lost units. The Los Angeles experience is important for other cities attempting to establish ordinances and prepare policy for assisting building owners and tenants.

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Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia, and Tridib Banerjee. "The Negotiated Plaza: Design and Development of Corporate Open Space in Downtown Los Angeles and San Francisco." Journal of Planning Education and Research 13, no. 1 (October 1993): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x9301300103.

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Abdelbarr, Mohamed H., Anthony Massari, Monica D. Kohler, and Sami F. Masri. "Decomposition Approach for Damage Detection, Localization, and Quantification for a 52-Story Building in Downtown Los Angeles." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 146, no. 9 (September 2020): 04020089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001809.

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Yang, Michael C., and Antonio Liu. "Surge of Miller Fisher variant and Guillain‐Barré syndrome in two downtown Los Angeles community teaching hospitals." Clinical Case Reports 8, no. 11 (July 16, 2020): 2245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.3132.

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Garrett, Valery. "Substance Abuse Treatment in Southern California: The History and Significance of the Antelope Valley Rehabilitation Centers." Journal of Policy History 8, no. 2 (April 1996): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089803060000511x.

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Substance abuse treatment has been a topic of ongoing debate in the United States since at least the 1960s, when the country witnessed the development of several promising new treatment approaches. Although costs to society in connection with substance abuse point to a continuing need for an effective treatment system, there is only a general understanding of the field. Several factors make it difficult to comprehend the treatment structure: the field is comprised of a sprawling combination of public and private facilities, it strives to treat many types of addicts, and it employs a variety of treatment approaches. While there are general studies that attempt to describe the system and its components, few inquiries probe the inside of specific treatment facilities to discern their evolution, mission, and effectiveness. This article, which examines the Antelope Valley Rehabilitation Centers (AVRCs), is one such analysis. Located in rural areas sixty miles from downtown Los Angeles, the AVRCs are Los Angeles County's only directly operated treatment centers. The two centers, at Acton and Warm Springs, are not only the first and fourth largest substance abuse hospitals in the country, but they serve a population larger than that of forty-two states, making them an excellent lens through which to view a portion of the substance abuse treatment system.

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Puchalski, Adam, Antonio K. Liu, and Byron Williams. "Three Cases of West Nile Encephalitis over an Eight-Day Period at a Downtown Los Angeles Community Hospital." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/262698.

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Since its introduction in New York City in 1999, the virus has spread throughout the entire North American continent and continues to spread into Central and Latin America. Our report discusses the signs and symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment of West Nile disease. It is important to recognize the disease quickly and initiate appropriate treatment. We present three cases of West Nile encephalitis at White Memorial Medical Center in East Los Angeles that occurred over the span of eight days. All three patients live within four to six miles from the hospital and do not live or work in an environment favorable to mosquitoes including shallow bodies of standing water, abandoned tires, or mud ruts. All the patients were Hispanic. Physicians and other health care providers should consider West Nile infection in the differential diagnosis of causes of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis, obtain appropriate laboratory studies, and promptly report cases to public health authorities. State governments should establish abatement programs that will eliminate sources that allow for mosquito reproduction and harboring. The public needs to be given resources that educate them on what entails the disease caused by the West Nile virus, what the symptoms are, and, most importantly, what they can do to prevent themselves from becoming infected.

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Zielinska, B., and E. Fujita. "The composition and concentration of hydrocarbons in the range of C2 to C18 in downtown Los Angeles, CA." Research on Chemical Intermediates 20, no. 3-5 (January 1994): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856794x00360.

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Çelebi, Mehmet, Hasan S. Ulusoy, and Nori Nakata. "Responses of a Tall Building in Los Angeles, California, as Inferred from Local and Distant Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 3 (August 2016): 1821–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/050515eqs065m.

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The increasing inventory of tall buildings in the United States and elsewhere may be subjected to motions generated by near and far seismic sources that cause long-period effects. Multiple sets of records that exhibited such effects were retrieved from tall buildings in Tokyo and Osaka ∼350 km and 770 km, respectively, from the epicenter of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. In California, very few tall buildings have been instrumented. An instrumented 52-story building in downtown Los Angeles recorded seven local and distant earthquakes. Spectral and system identification methods exhibit significant low frequencies of interest (∼0.17 Hz, 0.56 Hz, and 1.05 Hz). These frequencies compare well with those computed by transfer functions; however, small variations are observed between the significant low frequencies for each of the seven earthquakes. The torsional and translational frequencies are very close and are coupled. Beating effect is observed in at least two of the seven earthquake data.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Downtown Los Angeles'

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