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Maruthavanan, M. "A Study on the Awareness on New Education Policy (2019) among the Secondary School Teachers in Madurai District." Shanlax International Journal of Education 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v8i3.2438.
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National Education Policy (2019) draft released from the Government of India, and they gave two months for teachers, teacher educators, principals, and policymakers to submit their perception. The researchers want to find awareness on National Education Policy (2019) among secondary school teachers in Madurai District. In his study, he finds that mainly the awareness level is below average. He finds the awareness according to the variable Gender, Location, Type of Institution, years of service, and type of family.
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Dominguez-Cancino, Karen A., Patrick A. Palmieri, and Maria Soledad Martinez-Gutierrez. "National Health Policy Reform for Primary Care in Chile: A Qualitative Analysis of the Health Program Documents." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272092488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720924884.
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Introduction: Chilean policy makers reformed the national health policy for primary health care (PHC), shifting from the traditional biomedical model to the integral family and community health model with a biopsychosocial approach, to guide the delivery of PHC throughout the country. Purpose: To evaluate the implementation of the national health policy for PHC through an analysis of the program documents for PHC; and to identify to what extent the national health policy is expressed in each program document, and across all the documents. Methods: A qualitative document analysis with a purposive sample of program documents for PHC. The Chilean Ministry of Health website was systematically searched between October and December 2018 to identify relevant program documents. Thematic and content analysis were performed to identify evidence of the biopsychosocial approach to care delivery with each program document, including the types of interactions between professionals that contribute to person-centered or fragmented care. Results: The study included 13 PHC program documents. Three themes and 10 categories emerged from the data. Most program justifications focused on the biopsychosocial approach to care while including biomedical interventions and supporting independent professional work. Only 4 of the 13 programs were consistent in the justification, interventions, and types of stated professional interactions: 2 from the biopsychosocial and 2 from the biomedical perspectives. Conclusion: In terms of the national health policy for PHC in Chile, interprofessional collaboration and person-centered care processes and practices were partially aligned with the written content of the health program documents. As such, policy makers and health sector leaders are advised to analyze draft health program documents for consistency in translating national health policies into the written communications that define the actualization of the care model in PHC and direct professionals how to provide PHC to individuals and families.
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Hochfeld, Tessa. "Missed opportunities." International Social Work 50, no. 1 (January 2007): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872807071484.
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English The draft National Family Policy of South Africa contains pervasive conservative discourses which have a serious negative impact on both social welfare and the social work profession. The NFP promotes family self-reliance (resonating with neo-liberal welfare discourses internationally), reinforces gender inequalities and misses the opportunity to construct progressive notions of motherhood and fatherhood. French Le Projet de Politique Nationale sur la Famille de l'Afrique du Sud est empreint d'une idéologie conservatrice qui a des conséquences négatives importantes tant sur l'aide sociale que sur la profession du travail social. Cette politique fait la promotion du développement autocentré de la famille (ce qui rappelle les discours néo-libéraux sur l'aide sociale à l'échelle internationale), renforçant ainsi les inégalités de genre et empêchant, par le fait même, l'occasion de construire des notions progressistes sur la maternité et la paternité. Spanish El contenido de la Política Nacional para la Familia en Sud Africa contiene discursos conservadores que tienen un serio impacto negativo tanto en el bienestar social como en la profesión del trabajo social. La PNF promueve la auto-dependencia (en consonancia en los discursos internacionales neo-liberales del bienestar), refuerza las inequidades de género y pierde la oportunidad de construir nociones progresistas de maternidad y paternidad.
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Grisa, Catia, and Paulo Andre Niederle. "PARADIGMS, INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES AND POLICY DISMANTLING IN THE MERCOSUR SPECIALIZED MEETING OF FAMILY FARMING." Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política, no. 112 (April 2021): 251–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-251282/112.
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Abstract This article analyzes the dismantling of the Specialized Meeting on Family Farming (Reaf), a Mercosur forum responsible for proposing public policies for family farming. By means of a dialogue with the historical institutionalism, the cognitive approach, and the policy dismantling approach, the article characterizes the predominant type of dismantling and explains its driving forces. Data were collected through the analysis of official documents, observation of national and regional meetings, and interviews with ministers, policymakers, researchers and social leaders. Results indicate the prevalence of “dismantling by default” or gradual changes known as “drift”, in which, besides the interests and strategies of the political actors - the main focus of policy dismantling analysis - the emergence of new ideas and policy paradigms has played a major role.
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Scarpelin, Juliano, Lário Moisés Luís Herculano, Lívia Cristina Pinto Dias, and Vitorino Fernando Chume. "Dam collapse and right to adequate housing: insights from the biggest socio-environmental disaster involving Brazilian mining sector." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): e80942517. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i4.2517.
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In 2015, the Fundão dam broke and destroyed rural communities in Mariana-MG. The reparation for the affected communities in Mariana was defined in the Public Civil Action, which establishes Family Resettlement as one of the means of reparation for the violation of the right to housing. Our goal is to compare the data of rural properties affected witch the reparation parameters. Data from the affected rural properties were compared with the repair parameters, revealing that 65.7% of the 102 rural properties affected by mining waste have less than the Mariana Fiscal Module, 20 ha, a minimum size for the rural properties to be considered economically viable. To ensure the economic viability of new properties, reparations parameters must be determined. We recommend compensation by adding a Fiscal Module to the destination area and implementing agreements and guidelines for redress through the draft National Policy on the Rights of Populations Affected by Dams.
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Avsec, Franci. "Legal Framework of Agricultural Land/Holding Succession and Acquisition in Slovenia." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law = Agrár- és Környezetjog 16, no. 30 (April 30, 2021): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21029/jael.2021.30.24.
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Agricultural land legislation in Slovenia contains extensive special provisions that directly regulate the legal transfer of agricultural land and holdings inter vivos and mortis causa, including inheritance. Additionally, some measures within the common agricultural policy (such as financial support for the takeover of farms by young farmers) and tax policies (exemptions) provide incentives or alleviations for certain legal transactions involving the transfer of agricultural land and holdings. Among special provisions on the transfer of agricultural land and holdings, those relating to a statutory preemption right and a statutory priority right to lease agricultural land have the longest continuity (from the late 1950s). The holders of these priority rights must meet certain requirements and range in several priority classes. At first, agricultural organisations as legal persons had better priority rights than farmers. In 1990, the priority order was reversed by placing individual farmers before legal persons, individual agricultural entrepreneurs, and the National Agricultural Land and Forest Fund (NALFF). In 1973, the agricultural land legislation prohibited the division of certain middle-sized family farms (protected farms) through inheritance (mortis causa) and later (1986), also inter vivos, (with certain exceptions). The Agricultural Land Act and the Forests Act also restrict the division of certain agricultural or forest land plots. The draft acts of 2019 and 2020 prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture foresee important changes of the agricultural land policy, including the priority order between the statutory preemption rights and the removal of a general restriction on the division of protected farms inter vivos.
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Pavez Soto, Iskra. "CHILD MIGRATION: the rights to family reunification of peruvian children in Chile." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 7, no. 2 (December 20, 2013): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/repam.v7i2.10028.
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This article aims to analyze the ways migrant Peruvian children in Santiago, Chile experience family reunification. The article considers the various ways in which the multi-national socio-juridical structure influences and, somehow, determines child participation in this process, given children as subjects of rights and social actors. In addition, this paper aims to contribute to the debate that currently exists around the development of a new “immigration policy” in Chile. Recently, the government of President Sebastian Piñera (2010-2014) presented a Preliminary Draft of an Immigration and Nationality Law to the Congress for discussion and modification. Several international legal instruments ratified by the Chilean state promote and guarantee the basic right of children to live with their families. Such is the case of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, due to the complexity of migration processes, sometimes this law is seriously violated due to migratory policies (either by restriction or omission), job insecurity conditions and housing of migrant families, and the decisions that the adults of the family groups that are generally made without the opinion of children. Migrant families inevitably undergo fragmentation, which affects relationships and generational ties. Often children do not have control of the events and decisions that will substantially change their lives. keywords: child migration, peru, chile, protective laws.---Migração Infantil: o direito de crianças peruanas no Chile à reunificação familiar O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as formas como as crianças peruanas migrantes em Santiago, Chile, experienciam a reunificação familiar. O artigo considera as diversas maneiras pelas quais as estruturas multi-nacionais e sócio-jurídicas influenciam e, de certa forma, determinam a participação das crianças neste processo, pensando as crianças como sendo sujeitos de direitos e atores sociais. Além disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para o debate que existe atualmente em torno do desenvolvimento de uma nova "política de imigração" no Chile. Recentemente, o governo do presidente Sebastian Piñera (2010-2014) apresentou um anteprojeto de Lei de Imigração e Nacionalidade ao Congresso para discussão e modificação. Vários instrumentos jurídicos internacionais ratificados pelo Estado chileno promovem e garantem o direito fundamental de crianças a viver com suas famílias. Tal é o caso da Convenção Internacional sobre a Proteção dos Direitos de Todos os Trabalhadores Migrantes e dos Membros de suas Famílias e da Convenção sobre os Direitos da Criança. No entanto, dada a complexidade dos processos migratórios, ocasionalmente este direito é gravemente violado por políticas migratórias (seja por restrição ou omissão), por condições de emprego precárias e habitação de famílias de migrantes, e pelas decisões dos adultos dos grupos familiares, geralmente feitas sem a opinião das crianças. Famílias migrantes, inevitavelmente, passam por fragmentações, o que afeta as relações e laços geracionais. Muitas vezes as crianças não tem o controle dos acontecimentos e das decisões que vão mudar substancialmente suas vidas.palavras-chave: migração infantil, peru, chile, leis de proteção.
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Louhenapessy, Bendjamin Benny, A. Rachman Mustar, Reza Lukiawan, and Novin Aliyah. "KESIAPAN STANDAR NASIONAL INDONESIA (SNI) PRODUK PRIORITAS MENGHADAPI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (MEA)." Jurnal Standardisasi 17, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v17i1.307.
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<p align="left"> <strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Abstrak </span></strong></p><p>Negara ASEAN menyepakati Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) pada Januari 2007 saat sidang ASEAN<em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Summit</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">, didasarkan atas tiga pilar: politik, ekonomi dan sosial budaya. Tahun 2015 diberlakukan kawasan perdagangan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN, menyepakati 12 sektor prioritas dengan kebijakan yang jelas dan transparan. Kriteria prioritas khusus yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah sektor yang memiliki </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Product Working Group </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">dan kesepakatan standar internasional negara ASEAN yaitu </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">ASEAN Agreed Version Standards (</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">AAS), hasilnya 4 sektor khusus penelitian: peralatan elektrik dan elektronik, produk berbahan dasar karet, produk berbahan dasar kayu dan perawatan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan kesiapan Standar Nasional Indonesia sektor khusus dan program harmonisasinya dengan standar internasional kesepakatan ASEAN. Kesiapan SNI menggunakan data kuisioner dan wawancara di lapangan, analisis data menggunakan kategori dan pengelompokan. Hasil penelitian kesiapan SNI terhadap harmonisasi </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">AAS, </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">dengan kategori SNI tersedia, sama dengan AAS, diadopsi identik atau modifikasi adalah 39% dari 288 AAS. Kesiapan SNI sektor: peralatan elektrik dan elektronik 42,8%, produk berbahan dasar kayu 62%, produk berbahan dasar karet 38% dan perawatan kesehatan 3%. Ketiga negara pembanding: Singapore, Lao PDR dan Myanmar menunjukkan kesiapan standar nasional negaranya cukup rendah namun memiliki kebijakan mengadopsi AAS. Badan Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia telah melakukan program peningkatan kesiapan SNI terhadap AAS melalui Program Nasional Perumusan Standar menghasilkan Rancangan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Pemerintah mendukung pemberlakuan MEA terkait standar dan penilaian kesesuaian melalui peningkatan jumlah regulasi wajib pemberlakuan SNI dan pengawasannya. Rekomendasi kepada regulator terkait diperlukan peningkatan kesiapan SNI melalui program harmonisasi dengan AAS dan peningkatan pengembangan SNI identik AAS. </span></p><p>Kata kunci<strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">: ASEAN, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">ASEAN Agreed Version Standards (AAS), </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). </span></span></span></strong><strong><strong><em></em></strong></strong></p><p>Abstract</p><p>The ASEAN countries agreed on the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in January 2007 when the ASEAN Summit session, based on three pillars; Political, Economic and Social Culture. On 2015 imposed trade area AEC, in particular 12 priority sectors with a clear and transparent policy. Special priority criteria are the Product Working Group has international standards and agreements in the ASEAN members state, it is ASEAN Agreed Version Standards (AAS), the results are 4 specific sectors of electrical and electronic equipment, rubber based products, wood based products and medical devices. The purpose of the reserach is identifying the readiness of the Indonesian National Standard specific sectors and programs harmonization with international standards agreement in ASEAN countries. Readiness SNI using questionnaire data and field interviews, analysis of the data using categories and grouping. The research results of SNI readiness towards harmonization AAS, with SNI categories harmonized with AAS, adopted identical or modification is 39% of the 288 AAS. SNI readiness sectors: electrical and electronic equipment 42.8%, wood-based products 62%, rubber-based products 38% and 3% of medical devices. Third comparator countries: Singapore, Lao PDR and Myanmar demonstrate the readiness of national standards is quite low but the country has adopted a policy of AAS. National Standardization Agency of Indonesia has conducted a program to increase the readiness of SNI to be harmonized with AAS through the National Program Standards Formulation produce Indonesian National Standard Draft. The Government shall support the implementation of AEC related standards and conformity assessment through an increased number of mandatory regulation and supervision SNI. Recommendations to the regulator is necessary to increase the readiness of SNI through harmonization program with AAS and increased development of SNI to harmonized with AAS.</p><strong><strong></strong></strong><p>Keywords<span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">: ASEAN, ASEAN Agreed Version Standards (AAS), Indonesian National Standard </span></em></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">(</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">SNI</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">)</span></span><em><em></em></em></p><p><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">. </span></em></p><em></em>
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Koradecka, Danuta, and Jolanta Skowroń. "The activity of the Interdepartmental Commission for Maximum Admissible Concentrations and Intensities for Agents Harmful to Health in the Working Environment in 2017-2019." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 36, no. 1(103) (March 30, 2020): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1088.
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In the fourth phase of the National Programme “Improvement of safety and working conditions”, 10 meetings of the Commission took place, during which the following items were discussed: – 37 documentations for recommended exposure limits of chemical substances prepared by the Expert Group for Chemical and Dust Agents – the position of the Interdepartmental Commission for MAC and MAI regarding: smog, nitric oxide limit value in the underground mining and tunneling sector, binding value for 1,2-dichloroethane and the introduction of the „skin” label (absorption of the substance through the skin may be just as important, as if inhaled) – rules for determining occupational exposure limits of chemical and dust harmful to health in the working environment and for active substances of cytostatics – programmes for improving working conditions in KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. copper mines in order to limit exposure to nitric oxide at workstations to the value of 2.5 mg / m3 adopted in Directive 2017/164 / EU with a transitional period until August 21, 2023 (Official Journal of the EU L 27 of 1.2.2017, p. 115) – adaptation of the Polish list of MAC values to Directive 2017/164 / EU establishing the 4th list of indicative occupational exposure values, to the draft directive establishing the 5th list of indicative occupational exposure values and to directives 2017/2398 /EU, 2019/130 / EU and 2019/983 / EU amending Directive 2004/37/EC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work – the position of the Economic Chamber of Non-Ferrous Metals and Recycling regarding the reduction of the MAC value for cadmium and its compounds – the notations in the draft ordinance of the Minister of Family, Labour and Social Policy amending the ordinance on maximum admissible concentrations and intensities of agents harmful to health in the working environment for wood dust and chromium (VI) compounds in relation to transitional measures included in Directive 2019/130 /EU of January 16, 2019. The Interdepartmental Commission for MAC and MAI adopted 10 proposals and presented them to the minister responsible for work on a revision of the list of maximum admissible concentrations and intensity of agents harmful to health in the working environment in the following areas: – introduction to Annex 1 „Chemical substances” of records on dusts – the introduction of the „skin” notation for 195 chemicals – introduction to Annex No. 1 maximum admissible concentrations for 11 new chemicals and changes for 22 chemicals. The work carried out by the Interdepartmental Committee of MAC and MAI in 2017-2019 made it possible to adaptat to national law the EU directive in this field within the period provided for in the directives. Two ordinances of the Minister of Family, Labour and Social Policy were prepared and published, including the provisions of the abovementioned directives and added concentration limits for 11 new chemical agents harmful to health in the working environment. The results of the Commission’s work in 2017-2019 were disseminated in 12 issues of Principles and Methods of Assessing the Working Environment, in which the following were published: 34 documents on occupational exposure levels for chemicals, 35 methods for determining the concentrations of chemicals in the working environment, 7 articles, an in-situ electromagnetic field measurement procedure and annual reports on the activities of the Commission. The results of the Commission’s activities in 2017-2019 were presented in 14 Polish publications, 7 presentations during Polish conferences as well as at workshops and training conferences as part of the European information campaign „Hazardous substances under control”. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.
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Karyati, Sri, and B. Farhana K.Lestari. "Legal Policy Model for Prevention Children Marriage at West Nusa Tenggara Province." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v13no2.1673.
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Until now the issue of child marriage in NTB has not yet been resolved. The issue of child marriage in NTB has not been completed because the roots of child marriage in NTB have not touched the root of the real problem. Therefore there must be a more comprehensive policy breakthrough to prevent the prevention of child marriage in NTB. There is a need for a legal policy to prevent child marriages in NTB that needs scientific studies as the basis for scientific legitimacy about the urgency of the existence of regional regulations to prevent child marriage. There are two problems in this research, first, What is the juridical problem in the policy of preventing the occurrence of child marriage in NTB? Second, what is the right and applicable policy model in preventing the occurrence of child marriage in NTB? This research is normative legal research with a focus on evaluating the policy of preventing child marriage that has been taken by the NTB provincial government. The research approach used is a normative approach and an empirical approach.The results showed that the first, juridical barriers to preventing child marriage in NTB not only had juridical obstacles in terms of the validity of the provisions of article 7 paragraph (1) of the marriage law that regulates the minimum age of marriage is 16 years for women, but also still has obstacles juridical relating to the legal policy on the regulation of child marriages in the content of regional regulations because the local regulation must not conflict with article 7 paragraph (1) of the marriage law which is still valid and other constraints are not operational and the effective decision of the constitutional court No. 22 / PUU / XV / 2017 concerning judicial review of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage because this decision only delayed the implementation of the Constitutional Court's decision in 2021 and was very dependent on legislative policy from the DPR and the President to amend Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage according to the order of the Constitutional Court's decision. Second, the appropriate and applicable policy model in preventing the occurrence of child marriages in NTB is done using the transitional policy model and post-transition policy. The transition policy is carried out by making regulations that regulate the prevention of child marriages by using the child protection paradigm, while post-transition policies are carried out using the family quality policy paradigm with a focus on increasing the age of marriage. legislation. First, the Republic of Indonesia Parliament, especially the Republic of Indonesia Parliament for the period 2019-2024 and the President should immediately follow up on Decision No. 22 / PUU / XV / 2017 by taking legislative policies by entering the amendment bill to Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage into a national legislation program which is subsequently compiled, discussed and stipulated as law. Second, to respond to the dynamic dynamics of marital law and child protection, the NTB Governor and the NTB DPRD should immediately take legislation in the regions by including the draft regulation on the prevention of child marriages in the 2019 local regulation formation program and then compile and discuss it into regional regulations.
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Luyt, Karen, Sally Jary, Charlotte Lea, Grace J. Young, David Odd, Helen Miller, Grazyna Kmita, et al. "Ten-year follow-up of a randomised trial of drainage, irrigation and fibrinolytic therapy (DRIFT) in infants with post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation." Health Technology Assessment 23, no. 4 (February 2019): 1–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta23040.
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Background The drainage, irrigation and fibrinolytic therapy (DRIFT) trial, conducted in 2003–6, showed a reduced rate of death or severe disability at 2 years in the DRIFT compared with the standard treatment group, among preterm infants with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Objectives To compare cognitive function, visual and sensorimotor ability, emotional well-being, use of specialist health/rehabilitative and educational services, neuroimaging, and economic costs and benefits at school age. Design Ten-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Setting Neonatal intensive care units (Bristol, Katowice, Glasgow and Bergen). Participants Fifty-two of the original 77 infants randomised. Interventions DRIFT or standard therapy (cerebrospinal fluid tapping). Main outcome measures Primary – cognitive disability. Secondary – vision; sensorimotor disability; emotional/behavioural function; education; neurosurgical sequelae on magnetic resonance imaging; preference-based measures of health-related quality of life; costs of neonatal treatment and of subsequent health care in childhood; health and social care costs and impact on family at age 10 years; and a decision analysis model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of DRIFT compared with standard treatment up to the age of 18 years. Results By 10 years of age, 12 children had died and 13 were either lost to follow-up or had declined to participate. A total of 52 children were assessed at 10 years of age (DRIFT, n = 28; standard treatment, n = 24). Imbalances in gender and birthweight favoured the standard treatment group. The unadjusted mean cognitive quotient (CQ) score was 69.3 points [standard deviation (SD) 30.1 points] in the DRIFT group compared with 53.7 points (SD 35.7 points) in the standard treatment group, a difference of 15.7 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) –2.9 to 34.2 points; p = 0.096. After adjusting for the prespecified covariates (gender, birthweight and grade of IVH), this evidence strengthened: children who received DRIFT had a CQ advantage of 23.5 points (p = 0.009). The binary outcome, alive without severe cognitive disability, gave strong evidence that DRIFT improved cognition [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.6 (95% CI 1.2 to 11.0; p = 0.026) and adjusted OR 10.0 (95% CI 2.1 to 46.7; p = 0.004)]; the number needed to treat was three. No significant differences were found in any secondary outcomes. There was weak evidence that DRIFT reduced special school attendance (adjusted OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.05; p = 0.059). The neonatal stay (unadjusted mean difference £6556, 95% CI –£11,161 to £24,273) and subsequent hospital care (£3413, 95% CI –£12,408 to £19,234) costs were higher in the DRIFT arm, but the wide CIs included zero. The decision analysis model indicated that DRIFT has the potential to be cost-effective at 18 years of age. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (£15,621 per quality-adjusted life-year) was below the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence threshold. The cost-effectiveness results were sensitive to adjustment for birthweight and gender. Limitations The main limitations are the sample size of the trial and that important characteristics were unbalanced at baseline and at the 10-year follow-up. Although the analyses conducted here were prespecified in the analysis plan, they had not been prespecified in the original trial registration. Conclusions DRIFT improves cognitive function when taking into account birthweight, grade of IVH and gender. DRIFT is probably effective and, given the reduction in the need for special education, has the potential to be cost-effective as well. A future UK multicentre trial is required to assess efficacy and safety of DRIFT when delivered across multiple sites. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN80286058. Funding This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 4. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The DRIFT trial and 2-year follow-up was funded by Cerebra and the James and Grace Anderson Trust.
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Hulme, James. "The draft National Policy Planning Framework." Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 4, no. 3 (November 2011): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549175.2011.635955.
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Betin, Vjacheslav O. "Housing Policy and National Planning: Road Map Draft." Economic Strategies 152, no. 8 (December 25, 2019): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-8.166.2019.83-93.
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Ahmed, FaruqueU. "Draft national health policy 2015: A critical appraisal." Indian Journal of Public Health 60, no. 1 (2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-557x.177304.
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Butler, Paul. "Men's Health Policy: Report on the Draft National Men's Health Policy." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 1 (1996): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96003.
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Liebert, Hugh, and James Golby. "National Service and the All-Volunteer Force." Armed Forces & Society 44, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x17715245.
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In “Midlife Crisis? The All-Volunteer Force at Forty,” we illustrated the regional and partisan imbalance in today’s all-volunteer force (AVF), and we argued that restoring the draft is neither an effective nor a practicable policy solution to this problem. In response, Colonel Hauser has argued for restoring the draft, substantially increasing the number of U.S. ground forces and reinvigorating Congressional foreign policy-making. In this article, we question the practicability of Colonel Hauser’s proposals, and we argue that a restored draft would not improve national character, facilitate sounder foreign policy decisions, or reduce costs relative to an AVF.
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Schroeder, Pat. "Toward a national family policy." American Psychologist 44, no. 11 (1989): 1410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.44.11.1410.
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Lahariya, Chandrakant, and Nata Menabde. "India′s draft National Health Policy, 2015: Improving policy to implementation effectiveness." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 4, no. 3 (2015): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.161299.
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Haragopal, G. "NEP 2020: A Political Economy Perspective." Social Change 50, no. 4 (December 2020): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085720965514.
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The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the National Education Policy 2020 on 29 July 2020. The policy is based on the Draft National Education Policy 2019 which the Committee for Draft National Education Policy, chaired by Dr K. Kasturirangan, submitted to the Ministry of Human Resource Development on December 15, 2018. Earlier, Social Change carried an extensive comment on the Draft Policy and continuing its tradition of debate and discussion the journal brings you comments by domain experts on the impact of the NEP 2020.
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Hidayat, Alda Rahmawati, and Franky Liauw. "RUMAH AMAN UNTUK KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i1.10750.
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A lot of sexual violence happened lately remind us there's emergency situation for some people that experienced it and need comprehensive legal protection to push the sexual violence. In the same time and another side, the shield couldn't protect was postponed until 2021 National Legislative Program (Prolegnas). This thing had a big impact to the victim because one of content from RUU-PKS draft has the policy to push the sexual violence and until now it has not been legalized. Until now they have not received their right and at the same time, they have to experienced the heavy impact, trauma. Facilities are 60% defective and a lot of problems shows up such as threat, coercion, etc to the victim and family. This research is the concept of a safe house that aims to protect and accommodate victims of sexual violence. It is hoped that it can become a boost for the government to facilitate victims who have been taboo to help them to help them rise up through a positive environment. This project is experimental, not only for the victims, but also for the surrounding community itself. Through the film 27 Steps of May, this project has a narrative way of transforming the victim's process of healing into an architecture that understands the victim. Keywords: Architecture; Facilities; Sexual Violence; Sexual Violence Eradication Bill; Victim AbstrakBanyaknya kasus kekerasan seksual yang terungkap akhir-akhir ini mengingatkan kembali bahwa adanya situasi darurat yang dialami beberapa orang dan membutuhkan payung hukum yang komperehensif bagi masyarakat untuk menekan kekerasan seksual. Di waktu yang bersamaan pula, RUU PKS (Rancangan Undang Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual) dinyatakan dilempar pada Porlegnas (Program Legislasi Nasional) 2021. Hal ini berdampak besar bagi para korban dikarenakan isi RUU PKS yang memiliki kebijakan atau sistem yang memadai untuk pencegahan kekerasan seksual dan sistem yang memadai untuk pemulihan korban sampai sekarang pun belum di sah-kan. Akibatnya, korban pun sampai sekarang belum mendapatkan hak sepenuhnya disaat itu pula korban juga mengalami dampak yang berat yaitu trauma. Fasilitas yang seharusnya bisa didapatkan oleh korban nyatanya 60% rusak sehingga menimbulkan masalah baru sampai adanya ancaman ke korban maupun orang-orang sekitarnya. Penelitian ini merupakan konsep sebuah rumah aman yang bertujuan untuk melindungi dan menampung para korban kekerasan seksual diharapkan bisa menjadi suatu dongkrak-an bagi pemerintah untuk memfasilitasi para korban yang selama ini masih tabu untuk dibantu hingga membantu mereka bangkit melalui lingkungan positif. Proyek ini bersifat eksperimental, tidak hanya untuk korban, tetapi juga untuk masyarakat sekitarnya sendiri. Melalui film 27 Steps of May, proyek ini mempunyai cara untuk bernarasi untuk menggubah proses korban untuk sembuh menjadi arsitektur yang memahami korban.
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Djuyandi, Yusa. "Politisasi Kebijakan dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang Keamanan Nasional." Humaniora 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v5i1.3045.
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Discussion of the draft of National Security Act in the House of Representatives cannot be separated from the political charge. Politicization of policy formulation in the draft of National Security Act sometimes can lead to the policy distortion. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the policy politicization of National Security Act draft. This study revealed that from the aspect of “all questions political questions”, the Parliament gives a political question in the framework of the process of policy control. In the second aspect, “all issues political issues”, issues that arise and become a concern are issues which are considered threaten the human rights and democracy. In the third, “all values political values”, the parliament is fighting for the human rights and democracy values. From the last aspect of “all decisions political decisions”, the parliament political decision for not approving the draft, because it is not in favor with the agenda of reformation and democracy. This study concluded that the politicization of policy in the Draft Law is still considered normal. Politicization occurred because policy adoption involves the executive and the legislature, in the context of political checks and balances.
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Checkland, Kath, Jonathan Hammond, Lynsey Warwick-Giles, and Simon Bailey. "Exploring the multiple policy objectives for primary care networks: a qualitative interview study with national policy stakeholders." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e038398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038398.
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ObjectivesEnglish general practice is suffering a workforce crisis, with general practitioners retiring early and trainees reluctant to enter the profession. To address this, additional funding has been offered, but only through participation in collaborations known as primary care networks (PCNs). This study explored national policy objectives underpinning PCNs and the mechanisms expected to help achieve these, from the perspective of those driving the policy.DesignQualitative semistructured interviews and policy document analysis.Setting and participantsNational-level policy maker and stakeholder interviewees (n=16). Policy document analysis of the Network Contract Direct Enhanced Service draft service specifications.AnalysisInterviews were transcribed, coded and organised thematically according to policy objectives and mechanisms. Thematic data were organised into a matrix so prominent elements can be identified and emphasised accordingly. Themes were considered alongside objectives embedded in PCN draft service delivery requirements.ResultsThree themes of policy objectives and associated mechanisms were identified: (1) supporting general practice, (2) place-based interorganisational collaboration and (3) primary care ‘voice’. Interviewees emphasised and sequenced themes differently, suggesting meeting objectives for one was necessary to realise another. Interviewees most closely linked to primary care emphasised the importance of theme 1. The objectives embedded in draft service delivery requirements primarily emphasised theme 2.ConclusionsThese policy objectives are not mutually exclusive but may imply different approaches to prioritising investment or necessitate more explicit temporal sequencing, with the stabilisation of a struggling primary care sector probably needing to occur before meaningful engagement with other community service providers can be achieved or a ‘collective voice’ is agreed. Multiple objectives create space for stakeholders to feel dissatisfied when implementation details do not match expectations, as the negative reaction to draft service delivery requirements illustrates. Our study offers policy makers suggestions about how confidence in the policy might be restored by crafting delivery requirements so all groups see opportunities to meet favoured objectives.
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Sakharkar, Prashant. "Draft National Health Policy of India and Determining Cost-effectiveness Threshold." Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy 8, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.195078.
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Musalaiah, Jadi. "State, Civil Society and Draft National Tribal Policy: A Critical Evaluation." Indian Journal of Public Administration 54, no. 4 (October 2008): 811–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120080403.
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Gwiazda, Adam. "Poland's Policy Towards Its National Minorities." Nationalities Papers 22, no. 2 (1994): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999408408338.
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During the last three years, extensive academic as well as public discussions of national minorities’ rights have taken place in Poland. Scholars can be roughly divided into a pro-national minorities rights group and an anti-national minorities rights group. Some strive to reconcile these two disparate positions. Similar groups can be found in the Sejm (Polish Parliament) which has been discussing the draft of a law on national minorities since Autumn 1993. This brief article investigates the situation of national minorities in Poland ever since a “specific” policy towards ethnic minorities was carried out in Poland by communist governments (though it focuses primarily on the German minority). It also reviews changes in the official policy of the Polish government, the Sejm, and assesses the prospects for the adoption of a Minorities Law, by discussing the major arguments of those groups proposing national minorities rights and those of its opponents.
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Krishnamurti, Lakshmanan, Diana Ross, Nitya Bakshi, Kirshma Khemani, Cynthia Sinha, and George Loewenstein. "Development, Implementation, and Testing of a Web Based Decision Aid for Facilitating Shared Decision Making for Disease Modifying Therapies for Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5919.5919.
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Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with substantial morbidity, and premature mortality. Hydroxyurea (Hu), chronic blood transfusion and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) can modify the course of this disease, reduce complications, and improve survival. These interventions are diverse in their therapeutic intent, but are all associated with substantial burden of care, signfiicant side effects and the potential for late complications. The complexity inherent in making decisons about these disease modifying therapies is compounded by the socioeconomic disadvantage experienced by this largely minority, underserved population. That despite proven efficacy in clinical trials, uptake and adherence with HU remains poor, and that only a small proportion of eligible patients undergo HCT underscores the difficulty in making these decisions. The objective of this study was to use a theory based systematic approach to develop, implement and test a web based decision aid to support patients and caregivers in shared decision making regarding disease modifying therapies for SCD.The theoretical basis for this project is the Ottawa decision support framework( ODSF), an evidence-based, practical, mid-range theory for guiding patients making health or social decisions which uses a three-step process to assess client and practitioner determinants of decisions to identify decision support needs; provide decision support tailored to client needs and evaluate the decision making process and outcomes. Methods Following the ODSF, we conducted qualitative interviews of patients with SCD, their caregivers, policymakers, community advocates and healthcare providers and other stakeholders. Subjects were recruited at multiple regional and national SCD conferences which draw a mix of patients and professional audience. Interviews lasted 30-40 minutes and were transcribed verbatim, transcripts were coded using QSR NVivo 10 and analyzed using qualitative mixed methods. Themes from qualitative interviews were incorporated into the each of the following phases of the project: Phase 1: Qualitative interviews for needs assessment to facilitate the description of the participants' experiences in seeking information about and making decisions related to SCD and utilizing both open and closed-ended questions. Phase 2: Data synthesis, and construction of a storyboard, draft content, draft design and format for the decision aid. Phase 3: Alpha testing for quality and error correction. Extensive modifications were carried out systematically incorporating the recommendations received. Phase 4: Iterative cylces of Beta testing for feasibility, comprehensibility and usability with qualitative interviews and observations and incorporated recommendations. Phase5: Peer-review of the finalized decision aid by stakeholders who had not participated in the development of the instrument and had not previously examined the website. Results Needs assessment qualitative interviews with 205 individuals yielded information on decisional needs, preferences regarding content, presentation and ease of use as well as a distinct preference to learn from the experience of other patients and guided the devlopemnt of the decision aid. Alpha testing for quality and error correction was conducted with 51 patients / family members, clinicians, health educators and policy makers. Beta testing for feasiblity, comprehensibilty, and usability was completed by a total 111 participants. Peer review by 60 providers, patients and stakeholders of the final decision aid (www.sickleoptions.org) indicated a high level of satisfaction with the content, presentation, ease of use, use of graphics and the use of patient testimonials. We have enrolled and are gathering data on 120 subjects in a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the impact of the decion aid on clinical decision making. Conclusions This stiudy provides empirical evidence about the successful process of creating, implementing and testing a web based decision aid for patients to guide shared decision making in disease modifying therapy for SCD. It provides evidence of favorable patient and physician perceptions about the comprehensivility and usability of the decision aid. Results of an ongoing randomized clinical trial will generate additional information about the impact of the decision on clinical decision making. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Gupta, Priyanka. "EFFORTS TO REINTEGRATE DROPOUTS IN LIGHT OF DRAFT OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2019." Researchers' Guild 2, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/rg2019.10.
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Dropouts are the children who are not in the educational field because of various reasons. All those children who could not either get enrolled in the school or dropout from the school before completing the education. There have many efforts to bring all children in school. Right to Education was one such effort to achieve 100% enrolment for children upto 14 years. Draft of National Education Policy has also suggested various measures to ensure that all the students could be streamlined in the educational field. This paper critically analyzes the suggestions made in the Draft of National Education Policy to reintegrate the dropouts.
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De Paoli, Luigi. "The Italian draft National Energy-Climate Plan." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (December 2019): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2019-001007.
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Kaur, Ravneet, Farhad Ahamed, Sarika Palepu, and Kapil Yadav. "Can draft national health policy-2015 revamp mental health system in India?" Indian Journal of Community and Family Medicine 2, no. 2 (2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2395-2113.251815.
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Varughese, Rajan. "National Policy on Education and Higher Education." Higher Education for the Future 4, no. 2 (July 2017): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347631117706275.
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The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) has come out with the draft of ‘National Education Policy (NEP) 2016’ in April 2016. The new NEP 2016 seeks to create conditions to improve the quality of teaching, learning and assessment, and promote transparency in the management of education in the country. The policy prescriptions enunciated in the policy document are critically examined in the context of the objectives set out in the document. An attempt is made to survey some of the recommendations of the report and examine issues related to higher education in the country. The issues include financing education and the policy initiatives, language policy and higher education, accreditation and quality assurance in higher education, International linkages in higher education and autonomy of higher educational institutions. The general trend seen in the document in support of private investment and justification of moving private involvement from periphery to the centre in higher education is critically commented in the paper.
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Spakes, Patricia. "National Family Policy: Sweden Versus the United States." Affilia 7, no. 2 (July 1992): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088610999200700204.
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Chauhan, Pratibha, Pooja Sharma, Rahul Chauhan, and Ayushi Jain. "National eCommerce Policy: What India’s new (Draft) eCommerce Policy outlines for Online Retailers and its Regulatory aspects." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v7i3.335.
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The India Draft National eCommerce Policy is a high-level policy document proposed by India's Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade in February 2019. It sketches out a series of policy recommendations that range from useful consumer protections to non-constructive protectionist industry regimes that would likely backfire and hurt businesses, entrepreneurs and consumers alike. The best of these recommendations would institute stricter consumer protections against annoying, unsolicited phone calls and emails. But the worst of them would make data transfers difficult, impose onerous liability on third party platforms, and institute data localization that would reduce business and consumer choices.Within India, the draft policy boosts the government‟s schemes/ programmes, such as Digital India, Skill India, Make in India and Startup India, which rely on eCommerce and its components. For instance, it has introduced norms for consumer protection, recognized the importance of data, its protection and storage, granted infrastructure status to data centers and server farms, integrated different systems to track imports and introduced anti-counterfeiting and anti-piracy measures.It is also in sync with the recently updated industrial policy which reflects the underlying brick-and-mortar economy. However, the stakeholders, including industry, its associations and the independent policy community, point out that in the government‟s enthusiasm to address all these many aspects of eCommerce, the Draft Policy has become ambiguous, raising questions about whether it is intended to be an internet policy or a specific eCommerce policy. (1)The National eCommerce Policy is aimed to address concerns which go beyond the sale and purchase of products by electronic means. For example, environmentally sustainable growth by outlining regulatory aspects on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, suitable policy will be devised to promote “reduce, reuse and recycle” practices by stakeholders. In the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, economic development is based on data which is generated, stored, transmitted or processed in large volumes. The increasing importance of data warrants treating it at par with other resources on which a country would have sovereign right. The Policy recognizes the importance of data while enabling the domestic industry to benefit from the advantages and opportunities created by electronic commerce. (2)
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Tharakan, P. K. Michael. "From Kothari Commission Report to Some Inputs for Draft National Education Policy 2016." Higher Education for the Future 4, no. 2 (July 2017): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347631117706274.
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The Subramanian Committee Report 2016 and the Some Inputs for Draft National Education Policy 2016 (SIDNEP 2016) are compared with its predecessors, the Kothari Commission Report 1964–1966 and the National Education Policy 1986 along with its Programme for Action 1986 and the revised Programme for Action 1992, to see how well its proposals are contextualized within the socio-economic developments in present Indian society. The review of the Kothari commission Report found that it anchored itself very much in the aspirations of the people of India in building a strong and prosperous nation through the means of long-term planning. It nurtured the hope of parents seeking education for their children with particular regard for creating job opportunities and in preparing graduates to have the necessary qualifications for such jobs. It has to be admitted that in stating their objectives in such terms, the Kothari Commission also let the instrumentalist educational aims to have preference over equally important intrinsic values. Similarly, the NEP 1986 and its Programme of Actions (POAs) suggested streamlining educational expansion in general under central agencies. As a result, its overall effect was in favour of high centralization. The 2016 educational policy documents do pay tribute to the laudable objectives stated by their predecessors, without critically going into the causes of how such objectives got derailed. Even when they address existing issues like that of a fast-changing knowledge economy, they do not offer any critical assessment. Instead they imply that it is a given component and Indian education, has to give in and try to operate inside the knowledge economy as best as possible. With such a passive attitude accepted by the 2016 education policy statements, their recommendations read as disjointed list of limited educational objectives.
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Tilak, Jandhyala B. G. "Promising but Perplexing Solutions: A Critique of the Draft National Education Policy 2019." Social Change 49, no. 4 (November 29, 2019): 686–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085719876831.
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This article presents a short critical appraisal of some major recommendations of the K. Kasturirangan’s Committee on the Draft National Education Policy 2019. The committee underlines that the system requires a major overhaul; comprehensive reforms need to be attempted, and piecemeal/quick-fix solutions will not work. Some recommendations in the nearly 500-page report are path-breaking, many deserve applause, some are unacceptable and quite a few require rethinking. Since education is a long-term activity with far-reaching implications for the future of the nation, a long-term vision and not short-term compulsions should guide the formulation of a National Education Policy.
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Bull, Fiona C., Karen Milton, and Sonja Kahlmeier. "National Policy on Physical Activity: The Development of a Policy Audit Tool." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 2 (February 2014): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0083.
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Background:Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for noncommunicable disease worldwide. Increasing physical activity requires large scale actions and relevant, supportive national policy across multiple sectors.Methods:The policy audit tool (PAT) was developed to provide a standardized instrument to assess national policy approaches to physical activity. A draft tool, based on earlier work, was developed and pilot-tested in 7 countries.Results:After several rounds of revisions, the final PAT comprises 27 items and collects information on 1) government structure, 2) development and content of identified key policies across multiple sectors, 3) the experience of policy implementation at both the national and local level, and 4) a summary of the PAT completion process.Conclusions:PAT provides a standardized instrument for assessing progress of national policy on physical activity. Engaging a diverse international group of countries in the development helped ensure PAT has applicability across a wide range of countries and contexts. Experiences from the development of the PAT suggests that undertaking an audit of health enhancing physical activity (HEPA) policy can stimulate greater awareness of current policy opportunities and gaps, promote critical debate across sectors, and provide a catalyst for collaboration on policy level actions. The final tool is available online.
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Kaliszewski, Adam. "Forest policy goals in Poland in light of the current forestry aims in Europe Part 5. Towards a new forestry development strategy in Poland." Forest Research Papers 79, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2018-0036.
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Abstract The aim of this paper was to review and evaluate drafts of forest policy documents that have been developed for the purpose of updating the Polish “National Forest Policy” of 1997, but never entered into force. A total of 14 documents were covered in this analysis including 13 Regional Operational Programmes of the National Forest Policy and the draft of the National Forest Programme (NFP) developed in 2000–2005, as well as nearly 300 recommendations for the “second” NFP, elaborated in 2012–2016. Very soon after the “National Forest Policy” came into force, it turned out that it needed to be adjusted to changing legal, social and economic conditions. The first attempts to revise and amend the document were made already in 2000. As a result, until 2004, 17 Regional Operational Programmes of the National Forestry Policy were developed and, on that basis, until mid-2005 a draft for a new NFP was worked out. However, the draft was neither adopted nor did it ever enter into force. The second attempt to work out the NFP was made in 2012 and resulted in the development of nearly 300 recommendations to the programme. However, to date, the NFP itself has not been finished. Most of the documents examined here refer to the current priorities of the European forest policy, and thus they would close gaps in the Polish “National Forest Policy”. In this context, the recommendations to the “second” NFP are of great importance, because they were prepared through a wide participation of various stakeholders and they refer to a wide range of problems, propose specific legal regulations, as well as indicate directions for further development of the Polish forest sector. However, the completion of the NFP is a matter of political decision that rests with the Council of Ministers.
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Lahav, Gallya. "International Versus National Constraints in Family-Reunification Migration Policy." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 3, no. 3 (July 28, 1997): 349–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-00303010.
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Kraś, Ireneusz. "Monetary policy change of the Central bank of Poland." Slovak Journal of Political Sciences 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjps-2015-0010.
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Abstract The National Bank of Poland is an institution which, in conjunction with the government is responsible for the implementation of country’s economic policy reinforces its democratic character. Provisions of its operation are governed by the Constitution of The Republic of Poland and by the Act on the National Bank of Poland. To this end, the objective of the present research is to analyse the proposed amendments in the Act on the NBP. The latter concerns the amendment procedures, term of office and the rotations and numbers of Monetary Policy Council. The remaining part of the analyses is dedicated to the issue of dismissal of a MPC’s member in conjunction with the prohibition of occupying other positions, the adoption of the NBP’s financial statements and the separation of instruments of monetary policy’s instruments for stability of domestic financial system. Introduced changes in the proposed draft reduce the independence of the NBP while making it more subject to the Cabinet. Following the result of further consultations on the draft of Act on the NBP, provisions which reduce the independence of the NBP shall be partially removed.
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Meadows, Michael. "Silent Talking: Indigenous Media Policy and the Productivity Commission." Media International Australia 95, no. 1 (May 2000): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009500106.
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The recent Productivity Commission inquiry into Broadcasting in Australia has acknowledged the important place of Indigenous production in the national mediascape. The inquiry's draft report recommended changes to the Broadcasting Services Act which take into account some aspects of the kind of cultural production going on now in the Indigenous media sector across Australia. However, while there have been some significant changes suggested, acknowledgment of the broader cultural importance of the sector and its potential remain unaddressed. Acknowledgment of the special place of Indigenous languages and cultures in the Broadcasting Services Act, for example, remains elusive to national policy-makers.
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Khachaturian, Zaven S., Ara S. Khachaturian, and William Thies. "The draft “National Plan” to address Alzheimer's disease - National Alzheimer's Project Act (NAPA)." Alzheimer's & Dementia 8, no. 3 (May 2012): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.04.004.
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O'Neill, Frank, Bismark Baidoo, and Matthew Waltham. "OP410 Real-World Benefit Of Endovascular Repair Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms - Comparison Of GORE® Global Registry for Endovascular Aortic Treatment And National Institute for Clinical Excellence 2018 Guidance." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 36, S1 (December 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462320001087.
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IntroductionEndovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is routinely used for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). In 2018, draft guidance from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) suggested EVAR was not cost-effective compared to open surgical repair. The analysis was driven by clinical inputs from randomized control trials which may not reflect current clinical practice. Data from registries may inform more robust economic modelling. The Global Registry for Endovascular Aortic Treatment (GREAT) was initiated to collect contemporary real-world data on the performance of GORE® aortic endografts and includes long-term data on survival, re-interventions and resource use. This study compares the real-world values for mortality and resource use following elective EVAR as collected by GREAT with the 2018 NICE AAA draft guidance.MethodsA total of 1,348 patients (88.7% men; mean age 73.1 years) undergoing elective AAA repair with the GORE® EXCLUDER device. Mortality, re-intervention and resource use was compared with the economic inputs for 2018 NICE draft guidance cost-utility analysis.ResultsAll patients survived EVAR compared to the 0.4 percent mortality indicated in the NICE analysis. All-cause mortality was lower through 1, 3 and 5 years with values of 6.9, 14.8 and 16.2 percent respectively compared to the NICE base case. The average length of stay was 3.7 days in GREAT compared to 8.34 days in the NICE analysis. Short- and long-term re-interventions were also lower with real-world data (3.6% versus 7.3% and 5.5% versus 8.3%).ConclusionsGREAT provides conflicting data on survival and resource use associated with EVAR compared to inputs of the 2018 NICE draft guidance These differences are likely to significantly alter incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Robust cost-effectiveness modelling in health technology assessments should consider contemporary data, as it is likely more reflective of current clinical practice and more informative for clinical and economic decision making for AAA.
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Dandona, Rakhi, and G. Anil Kumar. "Enhancing the National Family Health Survey-5 for policy making." Lancet 394, no. 10198 (August 2019): 563–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31284-x.
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Cortés, Pablo, and Fernando Esteban de la Rosa. "BUILDING A GLOBAL REDRESS SYSTEM FOR LOW-VALUE CROSS-BORDER DISPUTES." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 2 (April 2013): 407–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589313000109.
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AbstractThis article examines UNCITRAL's draft Rules for Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) and argues that in low-value e-commerce cross-border transactions, the most effective consumer protection policy cannot be based on national laws and domestic courts, but on effective and monitored ODR processes with swift out-of-court enforceable decisions. The draft Rules propose a tiered procedure that culminates in arbitration. Yet, this procedure neither ensures out-of-court enforcement, nor does it guarantee compliance with EU consumer mandatory law. Accordingly, this article argues that the draft Rules may be inconsistent with the European approach to consumer protection.
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Skowron-Kadayer, Magdalena. "The Selective Harmonization Impact of the Coordination Policy." European Review 28, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798720000149.
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The strong interdependence of Member States’ legal orders was the reason why Member States decided for coordination and for monitoring each other’s legislative activity. Over the years, the Contracting States and the Union legislature have established more and more obligations referring to national legislatures in this respect. The most common of these are the well-known duties to transpose directives into national law. These EU legal acts contain substantive law, rights and/or obligations for individuals, and thus encompass material provisions that can be subject to a transposition process. However, this EU-wide harmonization is not the only way to influence national legal orders. This article deals with the kind of formal obligations which compel Member States to consult EU institutions on draft laws during their national legislative procedures. These obligations are of a procedural nature, with the outcome of the consultation procedure resulting in substantive law. This article shows that in respect to the Information Directive, the Court applies different criteria of inapplicability than it does for ‘typical’ or harmonizing directives. The Court examines the breach of the obligation to notify contained in the Information Directive, particularly if the criterion constituting a ‘substantial procedural defect’ renders such technical regulations inapplicable so that they may not be enforced against individuals. The Information Directive used to enjoy great attention from legal scholars and national courts as well as the Court of Justice of the European Union. The latter confirmed the Information Directive’s direct applicability in several cases. Sometimes it did not heed opinions of the General Advocates and established settled case law in this regard. In other cases, however, it declined the enforcement of this directive in proceedings between private parties. The goal was to avoid disruptions of the internal market. It thus limited the impact of the unconditional procedural obligations resulting from the Information Directive to cases impacting the internal market only. This may have been necessary since obligations to consult constitute unconditional duties and all Member States’ draft laws are supposed to be notified with no difference as to whether they refer to the internal market or not. The wording of the obligations to consult EU institutions rules that the Member State issuing a new law may act and – if it so desires – enforce the new national law. However, the state is not completely free in doing so: it cannot conduct the legislative process from beginning to end.
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Vedhathiri, Thanikachalam. "Critical Assessment of Draft Indian National Education Policy 2019 with Respect to National Institutes of Technical Teachers Training and Research." Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 33 (January 31, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2020/v33i0/150069.
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Fehring, Richard J., and Carl Werner. "Natural Family Planning and Catholic Hospitals: A National Survey." Linacre Quarterly 60, no. 4 (November 1993): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20508549.1993.11878225.
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Haas, Reinhard. "On the draft of the Austrian National Energy and Climate Plan." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (December 2019): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2019-001003.
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Lopoo, Leonard M., and Kerri M. Raissian. "U.S. Social Policy and Family Complexity." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 654, no. 1 (June 9, 2014): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716214530372.
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The United States has a number of social policies that were designed explicitly to provide options and supports for individuals related to their family formation decisions, such as the Title X National Family Planning Program and the Healthy Marriage Initiative. At the same time, because social policies can have considerable implications for the populations they target, we have long known that government policy can impact family structure and individuals’ fertility decisions even when such an impact was not the policy’s stated objective. This article reviews both theoretical and empirical literature asking to what extent United States’ social policy affects the complexity of families. Specifically, we review the literature on divorce and custody laws, means-tested transfer programs, and policies designed to provide information and services related to family formation. We report findings, and discuss common themes across the literature and identify important gaps in knowledge.
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Ncube, C. B. "The draft national Intellectual Property Policy proposals for improving South Africa's patent registration system: a review." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 9, no. 10 (September 12, 2014): 822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpu158.
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Csernus-Lukács, Szilveszter. "Nemzetek vagy nemzetiségek? – Törvények és törvénytervezetek a nemzetiségi egyenjogúságról az 1860-as években." Erdélyi Jogélet 3, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47745/erjog.2020.02.01.
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Apart from the relation between the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen and the other realms of the Habsburg Empire, the primary issue of the 1860s Hungary and Transylvania to handle was the nationality equality — accordingly, the recognitions of a nation and the language policy. As soon as the national question came into view, both the Hungarian and non-Hungarian political élites formulated their outlines on how to adjust regulations, intended to be epoch-making, regarding the national and language affairs, while the emperor temporarily coordinated the case with royal decrees until the definitive Nationality Act of 1868. The Act and its preceding drafts administered many domains regarding all branches of power, with the special role of the declaration of nations, namely the recognition of such as a legal entity, a juridicial person, which would (have) allow(ed) further entitled rights, deriving from a declaration in the era. The Hungarian and non-Hungarian acts and drafts examined in the study show decisive discrepancies regarding the number of nation(alitie)s recognized as legal entities, how the minorities were defined, and what concept of a nation each draft laid down. In my study, I examine the dissimilarities of the 5 draft plans (and the Act) made by the Hungarian élite, 8 draft plans (and acts of the 1863—1864 national assembly of Transylvania) related to the nationality political élite, draft plans and royal decrees associated to the emperor and the Royal Hungarian Lieutenancy, and a joint independence opposition — nationality draft plan.