Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dragon Power'

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Studies (Far East, Southeast Asia, Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Twomey, Christopher P. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on June 13, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Infrastructure development, energy infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, cross-border infrastructure, Chinese influence, GMS (Greater Mekong Subregion), Hirschman Albert, cross-border trade, overland transportation, electric power grids, ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), economic dependence, trade disruptions, trade stoppages, domestic initiatives, regional initiatives. Author(s) subject terms: China, Vietnam, Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS); Infrastructure Development; Albert Hirschman; Cross-border Trade; Transportation; Electric Power. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-76). Also available in print.

This paper considers the efforts of the Russian government to counter the growth of China’s soft power in the Russian Far East in the context of the dramatic rise in trade between the two nations in the 15 years of the “Putin Era,” from 2000 to 2015. The Amur (or “Black Dragon”) River watershed forms the core of the Russian Far East, Russia’s last territorial acquisition from the former Chinese empire and the key to Moscow’s efforts to connect with the burgeoning Asia-Pacific economies. This study investigates which federal- and provincial-level policies the Russian government has implemented to counter the growth of Beijing’s influence in the Russian Far East, and analyzes the effectiveness of these policies in the area’s three most populous sub-regions: Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, and Primorsky Krai. Though initially hypothesizing that the Russian government had no coordinated strategy to counter China’s soft power in the region, this study concluded that policymakers in both the Kremlin and the Russian Far East have successfully discouraged a large-scale Chinese demographic or economic footprint along the Russian side of the Amur. However, Moscow’s failure to both encourage sufficient ethnic Russian immigration to the Far East and to effectively stimulate local economies in need of Chinese labor and investment has paradoxically strengthened Beijing’s regional soft power. Russia’s citizens in the Far East increasingly look south across the Black Dragon River towards China for a brighter future.

The ancient Chinese I Ching, the Book of Changes, and the philosophy of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) both assert that the universe exists in a state of change. The I Ching, originally a book of divination, illustrates the changing phenomena of the natural world in terms of sixty-four hexagrams, which are figures composed of six lines  yielding and firm lines, representing actual conditions and relationships existing in the world and caused by the interplay between two primordial forces, yin and yang. The I Ching shows that on the macro level the Tao works in the universe, in heaven and on earth, and on the micro level it applies to man. The I Ching teaches harmony with Tao and its power (natural law and moral law), so that its reader may take appropriate action in any given situation with reference to the hexagrams and their appended judgments as revealed by the oracle. Nietzsche, however, regards the world as the Will to Power, ‘a monster of energy’, like a storming and flooding ocean eternally changing, where harmony and order seems impossible. His mouthpiece, Zarathustra, who teaches the Übermensch, encourages a war-like attitude towards life. Zarathustra’s second metamorphosis of an evolving spirit, the warrior lion, marks the difference between the Nietzschean Übermensch and the Chinese sage who attains harmony and balance within and without, a mysterious union with heaven. Zarathustra’s third metamorphosis, a playing child, creates itself as its own ‘bridge’ through a process of self-overcoming, whereas the I Ching indicates order to be the ‘bridge’ over chaos, the order of the human world being expressed in the five cardinal relationships. Whereas the I Ching advises its reader to follow their own nature and fate in order to lead a harmonious moral life, Nietzsche’s Übermensch is ‘the annihilator of morality’ and paradoxically ‘the designation of a type of supreme achievement’ (EH Books 1). With his idea of the Übermensch, Nietzsche indicates that morality is a pose (BGE 216). He seeks to make us become aware that we should invent our own virtue and create our own way in order to become what we are. He criticizes Christian morality, calling himself ‘the first immoralist’. His shocking approach attempts to make us become aware of the possibility that a ‘noble morality’ and ‘higher moralities’ ought to be possible. His Übermensch represents such a higher mode of existence. Zarathustra also teaches the doctrine of eternal recurrence, implying that moment is eternity, changelessness within change. Multifarious manifestations are the expression of the Tao. Everything is interconnected and interdependent. Whereas ordinary men see the continuity of phenomena as real, enlightened beings are aware of the transitory and illusive nature of the self and all things. The Nietzschean Übermensch embodies the characteristics of an enlightened being, a Buddha or Bodhisattva in Buddhist terms, characteristics such as wisdom and compassion. Therefore, the practice of the Bodhisattva is explored as a feasible way for actualizing the Nietzschean hypothetical Übermensch.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Philosophy
unrestricted

The aim of this study is focus on China’s activities/policies in oil trade and security for keeping its own development. In this study, we try to analyze China’s activities and policies in oil trading through liberalism and realism, and to show out how China acted in global market related to oil consumption, production and trade in order to satisfy China’s oil requirements. In international political theories, the concept of realism and liberalism are almost completely opposite. The cases of activities and relevant data which we selected with China on oil trade are picked and analyzed by historical analysis and quantitative researches. That can ensure the credibility, applicability and correctness of data. After analysis, the findings show that Chinese central government guide by realism more than liberalism when it process the issues with oil trade. China considers from the perspective of their own interests and focus on how to maximize their own interest. From the surface, the partners of China also received interests, but the main target of China is ensure the security of the oil, and maintain the stability of the domestic energy consumption.

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PROQUALI (UFJF)
Busquei na presente dissertação compreender o fazer e o desfazer do gênero de drag queens de Belo Horizonte, utilizando especialmente as obras de Judith Butler (2003, 1993, 1997, 2004). O referencial teórico foi estruturado com base na discussão sobre o gênero em uma visão não essencialista, considerando-o como um fazer, e não uma propriedade dos sujeitos; e as críticas ao binarismo de gênero; e na problematização da questão transgender, sem a pretensão de esgotá-la, dada sua complexidade. Abordo também o fazer e o desfazer do gênero com apoio principalmente em Judith Butler, autores organizacionais e das ciências sociais; a hetero(norma) e a (des)identificação, com foco nas reflexões de Butler sobre o sujeito relacionado diretamente com as normas sociais, tendo em vista que as identificações nunca são completas, possibilitando diferenciações e subversões; a performatividade, a paródia e a performance de gênero, diferenciando-as e reconhecendo a performatividade imbricada com a reiteração das normas discursivas; uma breve introdução sobre o mundo dxs drags, especialmente, com foco nos estudos brasileiros. Destarte, realizei uma pesquisa qualitativa, com uma epistemologia pós-estruturalista, por meio narrativas de biográficas de dez drag queens, com inspiração na análise crítica do discurso de Fairclough (2003, 2008). A análise foi pensada a partir da obra e dos conceitos de Judith Butler tendo as seguintes categorias: Performances que contém as subcategorias sobre performances, produções e cachês, performances com o público "hétero" e "LGBTIQ", performances e sentimentos, e humor; As relações entre drags: famílias, "amigxs", "colegas" e jogos de poder; Em busca de reconhecimento para x drag queen; (Des)Identificações; e Fazendo e desfazendo gênero. Por fim, as considerações remetem à complexidade e ambivalência dessa temática nas identificações, fazeres, desfazeres e contingencialidade do gênero. Também, pensou-se na possibilidade de uma relação direta com estudos organizacionais críticos, tendo vista que a matriz heteronormativa habita a administração, mas não impede que criemos matrizes rivais.
I sought in this dissertation to understand the doing and undoing of the gender of drag queens from Belo Horizonte, using especially the works of Judith Butler (2003, 1993, 1997, 2004). The theory was structured discussing: the gender in a non-essentialist view, considering it as a doing and not a property of the subject, the criticis of the gender binary and questioning the transgender issue without intending to exhaust it given its complexity; doing and undoing the gender supporting me especially in Judith Butler, organizational and social sciences authors; (hetero) norm and the (dis) identification appropriating Butler's reflections on the subject related directly to social norms, given that the identifications are never complete, allowing differentiations and subversions; the performativity, parody and gender performance, differentiating them and recognizing the performativity imbricated with the reiteration of the discursive norms; a brief introduction to the world of drags especially focusing on Brazilian studies. Thus, I realized a qualitative research, with a poststructuralist epistemology through biographical narratives of ten drag queens, with inspiration in critical discourse analysis of Fairclough (2003, 2008). The analysis was designed from the work and concepts of Judith Butler and has the following categories: Performances that contains sub-categories: on performances, productions and caches, performances with the "straight" and "LGBTIQ" public, performances and feelings, and humor; The relationship among drags: family, "friends", "colleagues" and power games; Seeking recognition for x drag queen; Humor; (Dis) Identifications; Doing and undoing gender. Finally, considerations lead the complexity and ambivalence of this theme in the identifications, the doings, undoings and the contingentiality of the gender. Also thinking about the possibility of a direct relationship with critical organizational studies, having seen that the heteronormative matrix inhabits the administration, but does not prevent us to create rivals matrices.

Den här studien vill bidra med kunskap kring normkritisk pedagogik inom dramapedagogiken i Sverige. Det genom att belysa det svenska DRACON-projektet ur ett normkritiskt perspektiv. Det svenska DRACON-projektet är en del av det internationella DRACON-projektet vars övergripande syfte var att bygga  en bro mellan drama och konflikthantering. I bakgrunden till den här studien beskrivs dramapedagogik, svensk dramaforskning och internationell dramaforskning utifrån kritiska teorier. Normkritisk pedagogik är en kritisk pedagogik som vänder blicken mot maktstrukturer och privilegier istället för att fokusera på minoriteter eller förtryckta grupper. I det teoretiska perspektivet förklaras och fördjupas begreppet normkritisk pedagogik utifrån feministisk teori, queerteori, postkolonial teori och kritiska vithetsstudier, funktionalitet, intersektionalitet och kritisk pedagogik.   Syftet med den här undersökningen var att genom ett kritiskt makt- och identitetsperspektiv belysa det svenska DRACON-programmet. Det utifrån forskningsfrågorna: Vilka föreställningar om makt och identitet finns inbyggda det svenska DRACON-programmet? Hur förhåller sig dessa föreställningar till den normkritiska pedagogikens syn på makt och identitet?   Studien genomfördes utifrån textanalys av boken DRACON i skolan. Analysen strukturerades med hjälp av en analysmall. Resultatet tyder på att DRACON-programmet i Sverige är inkluderande och försöker ta tillvara på alla deltagares erfarenheter. Samtidigt verkar programmet sakna ett ifrågasättande av kön och genus och fördjupade analyser kring makt. Spår av postkolonialism framträder i någon enstaka lek.
The general aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of, so called, norm-critical pedagogy (normkritisk pedagogik) as part of Drama in Education in Sweden. This through looking at the Swedish DRACON-project from a norm-critical point of view. The Swedish DRACON-project is a part of the international DRACON-project which aimed at building a bridge between drama in education and conflict management. Norm-critical pedagogy is a Scandinavian term for critical pedagogy that focuses on the structures of power and privilege, rather than the oppressed. The pedagogy is explained in this paper and has its roots in queer pedagogy, queer theory, feminist theory, postcolonial theory and intersectional perspectives.   The aim of this study was to look at the Swedish DRACON-project from the critical point of view of power, privilege and identity.  The study examines the following questions: What conceptions of power and identity can be found in the Swedish DRACON-program? How do these conceptions relate to norm-critical perspectives of power, privilege and identity?   The examination is done through text analysis of the book DRACON i skolan(DRACON in school). The results indicate that the Swedish DRACON-project is inclusive and tries to seize the experiences of all participants. At the same time the project seems to lack the questioning of gender and the immersing of analyzing power structures.

Nonwetting surfaces including superhydrophobic (SHS) and liquid infused surfaces (SLIPS) exhibit diverse exceptional characteristics promoting numerous application opportunities. Engineered textured surfaces demonstrate multiple features including drag reduction, fouling reduction, corrosion resistance, anti-fogging, anti-icing, and condensation enhancement. Integrating these properties, nonwetting surfaces have shown significant potential in improving the efficiency of energy applications. The first part of the thesis work aims at developing a fundamental mathematical understanding of the wetting process on the solid surface followed by presenting fabrication methodologies specifically focused on metallic substrates. The second part of this thesis presents an exhaustive survey on recent advancements and researches about features of nonwetting surfaces that could be implemented in major industrial applications. To establish how realistically these features could enhance the real-life applications, the third part of this work investigates the dynamic performance and economic benefits of using textured surfaces fabricated using an electrodeposition process for condenser tubes in thermoelectric power plants. The textured surfaces are expected to provide enhanced performance by deterring fouling and promoting dropwise condensation of the steam on the shell side. Using a thermal resistance network of a shell and tube condenser, detailed parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effect of various design parameters on the annual condenser performance measured in terms of its electric energy output of a representative 550 MW coal-fired power plant. A cost modeling tool and a new Levelized cost of condenser (LCOC) metric have been developed to evaluate the economic and performance benefits of enhanced condenser designs. The LCOC is defined as the ratio of the lifetime cost of the condenser (and associated costs such as coating, operation and maintenance) to the total electric energy produced by the iv thermoelectric power plant. The physical model is coupled with a numerical optimization method to identify the optimal design and operating parameters of the textured tubes that minimizes LCOC. Altogether, the study presents the first effort to construct and analyze enhanced condenser design with textured tube surfaces on annual thermoelectric power plant performance and compares it against the baseline condenser design with plain tubes.
Master of Science
Liquid repellant surfaces have attracted lots of attention due to their numerous promising characteristics including promoting condensation, drag reduction, prohibiting fouling/deposition, corrosion, and fog/dew harvesting. These attributes have the potential to inspire a variety of applications for these surfaces in power plants, automotive and aviation industries, oils/organic solvents clean-up, fuel cells, solar panels, membrane distillation, stone/concrete protection, surgical fabrics, and biological applications, to name a few. Some of these applications have reached their potential for real-life implementation and more are still at the research phase needing more experimental and fundamental studies to get them ready. The first part of this study presents the fundamentals of the wetting process. Next, fabrication methods for metallic surfaces have been explored to identify the most scalable and cost-effective approaches which could be administered in large scale industrial applications. A comprehensive review of recent publications on features of nonwetting surfaces has been carried out and presented in the second part of this thesis. To establish how realistically these features could enhance the real-life applications of a thermo-economic a performance model is developed for a powerplant condenser in the third section. Through a simple and cost-effective electrodeposition process, the common condenser tubes are modified to achieve textured tubes with superhydrophobic properties. The influence of using textured tubes on the plant's performance and its economic benefits are investigated to predict the potential promises of nonwetting surfaces.

ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
A conventionally designed radio frequency amplifier operated in its linear region exhibits low DC to RF conversion efficiency. Typically, for a power amplifier designed for digital modulation applications, the amplifier is operated “backed-off” from its P1dB point by a factor of 10 or -10 dB. The typical linear amplifier is biased for either Class A or Class A/B operation depending on the acceptable design trade-offs between efficiency and linearity between these two methods. A novel design approach to increasing the efficiency of a linear RF power amplifier using a modified Odd-Way Doherty technique is presented in this paper. The design was simulated, built and then tested. The design yields improvements in efficiency and linearity.

There is an increased need for spacecraft to quickly and efficiently de-orbit themselves as the amount of debris in orbit around Earth grows. Defunct spacecraft pose a significant threat to the LEO environment due to their risk of fragmentation. If these spacecraft are de-orbited at the end of their useful life their risk to future spacecraft is greatly lessened. A proposed method of efficiently de-orbiting spacecraft is to use an inflatable thin-film envelope to increase the body's area to mass ratio and thusly shortening its orbital lifetime. The system and analysis presented in this project is sized for use on a CubeSat as they are an effective utility as a technology demonstration platform. Analysis has been performed to characterize the orbital dynamics of high area to mass ratio spacecraft as well as the leak rate of such an inflatable device in a vacuum environment. Results show that a 1U CubeSat can be de-orbited using a 1.7 meter diameter spherical device in just under one year while using 0.7 grams of inflating gas, this is compared to over 25 years without any method of post-mission disposal.

Energy efficiency and propulsive characteristics of a 10 cm undulatory rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) swimming in a stationary position are considered. Two CFD simulations are performed utilizing dynamic grid meshing (FLUENT 6.3). The first simulation uses a laminar flow model with an added hydrofoil shape in order to test if thrust and drag can be brought to unity. The second simulation uses a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model to determine if transition to turbulence along the fish's surface leads to boundary layer separation. The expected results caused by adding these two features to earlier simulations do not occur. Thrust and drag are not found to be equal with usage of the thicker fish shape; instead both thrust and drag increase by 40-80% while diverging in value. Evidence of boundary layer separation is not present with usage of the LES turbulence model. Swimming energy efficiency is calculated to be 70% in both simulations. A brief analyses of boundary layer and downstream wake are included, showing general agreement with earlier studies. Limitations of the simulation are discussed. Future work regarding the author's preparation for an additional simulation of a rainbow trout utilizing a swimming method known as the Karman Gait is also considered. This preparation includes the creation of a 2-D grid domain and programs to define the kinematics of the fish and produce a specified vortex inlet condition.

A Power Transfer Unit (PTU) of an All-Wheel Drive System is a hypoid gear transmission unit that distributes the power from the vehicle transmission to all wheels of the vehicle. This thesis aims at increasing the fidelity of the analytical power loss calculation methods through test data correlation and develop a 1D simulation model that can be used to evaluate the drag losses in the PTU at early design stages.  Firstly, the analytical methods to predict the frictional losses and oil churning losses due to the hypoid gearset, rolling bearings and seals immersed in oil are studied. Several drag loss tests with different combinations of internal components, bearing preloads and with/without the presence of oil were previously conducted on the PTU at different speeds and temperatures at zero torque. The power losses are computed in ROMAX Energy and Excel using different analytical methods available in the literature for each component in the PTU. Then the results from the drag loss tests are segregated component-wise for data correlation with the losses evaluated previously. Based on the data correlation, modification factors are introduced for all analytical methods to match the segregated test results.  The demand in the automotive industry to reduce time to market is high. Hence, system-level simulation was chosen as a solution to assess the system efficiency at early concept design stage, saving a lot of time and aid the detailed design. 1D simulation technique is used to study the total power loss of the PTU to optimize its design. The thesis is aimed at developing a 1D system model of the PTU in a commercial tool called LMS AMESim, to evaluate the total power loss of the unit. Inbuilt component models from the software library are used to build a sketch of a simplified lumped mass model of the physical system. The model is simulated in a time domain temporal analysis. The total power loss results simulated using AMESim are compared to the efficiency tests results conducted at different torque levels and ROMAX results.  Comparisons between the simulations and test data shows that the system model is accurate and can be used in predicting the power losses in the PTU in the early design stages. This model can also be used to study the influential factors through sensitivity analysis of different parameters which can be done as an extension to the current scope of this work.
En kraftöverföringsenhet (PTU) i ett fyrhjulsdriftsystem är en hypoidväxellådsöverföringsenhet som fördelar kraften från växellådan till alla hjul i fordonet. Det rapporterade arbetet syftar till att öka konfidensen i de analytiska beräkningsmetoderna för effektförlust genom testdatakorrelation och genom att utveckla en 1D-simuleringsmodell som kan användas för att utvärdera dragförlusterna i PTUn i tidiga designfaser.  För det första studeras analysmetoderna för att förutsäga friktionsförluster och plaskförluster på grund av hypoidväxeln, rullager och tätningar nedsänkta i olja. Flera ”Drag Loss”-tester med olika kombinationer av interna komponenter, lagerförspänningar och med / utan närvaro av olja utfördes tidigare på PTU vid olika hastigheter och temperaturer utan pålagt moment. Effektförlusterna beräknas i ROMAX Energy med olika analysmetoder tillgängliga i litteraturen för varje komponent i PTU. Sedan separeras resultaten från dragförlusttesterna komponentmässigt för datakorrelation med de tidigare utvärderade förlusterna. Baserat på datakorrelationen införs modifieringsfaktorer för alla analysmetoder för att matcha de segregerade testresultaten.  Efterfrågan inom fordonsindustrin att minska tiden till marknaden är hög. Därför väljs simulering på systemnivå som en lösning för att bedöma systemeffektiviteten i ett tidigt konceptdesignfas, vilket sparar mycket tid och underlättar den detaljerade designen. 1D-simuleringsteknik används för att studera PTUns totala effektförlust för att optimera dess design. Arbetet syftar till att utveckla en 1D-systemmodell av PTU i ett kommersiellt verktyg som heter LMS AMESim, för att utvärdera enhetens totala effektförlust. Inbyggda komponentmodeller från programvarubiblioteket används för att skapa en skiss av en förenklad modell av det fysiska systemet. De totala effektförlusterna beräknade med AMESim jämförs med effektivitetstestresultaten vid olika vridmomentnivåer och ROMAX-resultat.  Från korrelationen med testresultaten observeras att systemmodellen är korrekt och kan användas för att förutsäga effektförlusterna i PTU i de tidiga designstadierna. Denna modell kan också användas för att studera de viktigaste faktorerna genom känslighetsanalys av olika parametrar, vilket kan göras som en förlängning av detta arbete.

Les fréquences de fonctionnement élevées des puces semi-conductrices génèrent des flux de chaleurs importants qu'il est nécessaire d'évacuer pour éviter la destruction de la puce. Un module standard dans le domaine de l'électronique de puissance est composé d'une puce en silicium, d'un isolant électrique (substrat) et d'un dissipateur thermique (drain) permettant l'évacuation de la chaleur. Cette chaleur induit des contraintes thermomécaniques dues à la dilatation différentielle des matériaux.Deux concepts nouveaux proposés permettent de palier ces problèmes et d'augmenter la fiabilité générale des systèmes électroniques. Le premier est la conception et l'élaboration d'un drain composite à propriétés thermiques adaptatives (coefficient de dilatation thermique et conductivité thermique). Dans le deuxième, une nouvelle méthode d'assemblage est présentée. Elle permet, au moyen d'un film métallique Sn ou Au, de créer des composés intermétalliques stables dans le temps.

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The Brazilian energy matrix is highly focused on hydroelectric plants, that have been affected by lack of rain and long drought periods. It’s necessary to invest on alternative kinds of energy. The wind energy is an option, since Brazil presents winds with suitable velocity for energy generation, less than 5% of the Brazilian energy power grid is composed by wind turbines. The present work aims to contribute to the alternative energy generation industry, having as objective the study and analysis of flow condition over airfoils of vertical axis wind turbines. The simulation of flow over airfoils were performed using the Pseudo-Spectral Fourier method together with the Immersed Boundary method for discretization of the spatial domain, and the Runge-Kutta method of fourth order for discretization of the time domain. Both instantaneous and mean values were recorded for the lift (Cl) and drag coefficient (Cd), as well as the fields of vorticity, pressure and velocity for the flow over the airfoils with distinctive characteristics of form and angle of attack. It is concluded that with this first experiment, by refining the mesh, the values for Cl and Cd get close to the references. Posteriorly, it was imposed the movement of rotation of one vertical axis wind turbine, and simulated the flow over this turbine blades, when it was recorded both the instantaneous and mean values of the lift, drag and power coefficient, as well as the fields of vorticity, pressure and velocity for different values of velocities of turbine rotation for the airfoils NACA 0008 and NACA 4308. It was possible to conclude by analyzing the values of power coefficient (Cp), Cl and Cd obtained through simulation with the turbines that the airfoil NACA 0008 can be utilized for energy generation, since the airfoil NACA 4308 cannot be utilized in the adopted speed ranges.
A matriz energética Brasileira é altamente focada em usinas hidrelétricas, que vêm sendo afetadas pela falta de chuvas e longos períodos de estiagem. É necessário o investimento em fontes energéticas alternativas. Uma das opções é a energia eólica, pois o Brasil apresenta ventos com velocidades adequadas para geração de energia e, mesmo assim, menos de 5% da matriz energética brasileira é constituída de turbinas eólicas. O presente trabalho visa contribuir com a indústria de geração de energias alternativas tendo por objetivo o estudo e análise de escoamentos sobre aerofólios de turbinas eólicas verticais. As simulações de escoamentos sobre aerofólios foram realizadas com o método Pseudoespectral de Fourier em conjunto com o método da Fronteira Imersa para discretização do domínio espacial, e o método de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem para discretização do domínio do tempo. Foram registrados os valores instantâneos e médios dos coeficientes de sustentação (Cl) e arrasto (Cd), bem como os campos de vorticidade, pressão e velocidades para escoamento sobre aerofólios com distintas características de forma e ângulos de ataque. Conclui-se com esse primeiro experimento, que ao se refinar a malha, os valores de Cl e Cd se aproximam das referências. Posteriormente, foi imposto o movimento de rotação de uma turbina eólica de eixo vertical, e simulado o escoamento sobre as pás dessa turbina, onde foram registrados os valores instantâneos e médios dos coeficientes de sustentação, arrasto e potência, bem como os campos de vorticidade, pressão e velocidades para diferentes valores de velocidade de rotação da turbina para os aerofólios NACA 0008 e NACA 4308. Foi possível concluir ao analisar os valores de coeficiente de potência (Cp), Cl e Cd, que o aerofólio NACA 0008 pode ser utilizado para geração de energia elétrica, já o aerofólio NACA 4308 não deve ser utilizado para a faixa de velocidades adotadas.

Les études conduites au cours de ce travail de thèse ont montré que l’optimisation de la position du cycliste sur son vélo était un élément déterminant de la performance. Nos recherches ont porté sur quatre axes principaux : la conception et la validation d’outils de mesure, l’étude de la position aérodynamique, l’étude de la position assise et enfin l’étude de la position danseuse.L’ensemble des résultats obtenus montrent que la capacité de performance du cycliste peut être améliorée en position aérodynamique en augmentant le ratio entre la puissance mécanique (Pméca) et la surface frontale effective (SCx). Le confort représente également un des principaux facteurs de la performance en contre‑la‑montre (CLM) puisqu’il détermine l’aptitude du cycliste à maintenir sa position au cours du temps. Nos travaux montrent une amélioration du confort avec des semelles orthopédiques, chez les cyclistes affectés par une inégalité de longueur des membres inférieurs (ILMI), liée à une réduction des mouvements du bassin. Une correction orthopédique induit également une augmentation du rendement énergétique (+5,7 %). Ainsi, les cyclistes affectés par une ILMI sont recommandés de la compenser avec des semelles orthopédiques individualisées de façon à améliorer leur performance en CLM. Lors d’une étude préliminaire, nous avons également montré la relation entre les mouvements de la tête et le SCx, c’est pourquoi les cyclistes doivent réduire au maximum ces mouvements afin de minimiser leur SCx et ainsi maximiser leur performance. L’évaluation de la position aérodynamique doit être réalisée en conditions réelles de locomotion, que ce soit pour l’évaluation de S ou de SCx. Le développement de nos deux applications est donc un réel atout pour l’évaluation de la traînée aérodynamique (Ra) de manière individualisée dans les prochaines années puisqu’elles rendent le traitement plus accessible aux entraîneurs. Enfin, bien que nous ayons initié une nouvelle méthodologie d’évaluation de la position aérodynamique en associant numérisation 3D et modélisation numérique de la mécanique des fluides, cette méthode serait plutôt recommandée pour l’individualisation de l’équipement.La position assise peut également être optimisée en augmentant l’indice d’efficacité mécanique (IEM) du cycliste, quel que soit le niveau et le sexe. Cette augmentation de l’IEM passe principalement par une diminution de la force résistante (Fres) dans la phase de montée de la pédale. Malgré tout, le cycliste ne doit pas tirer sur la pédale pour générer un couple propulsif car cette stratégie est contre-productive d’un point de vue énergétique. Il serait intéressant d’étendre notre première étude, établie en laboratoire, sur le terrain pour analyser les adaptations biomécaniques du pédalage des cyclistes aux conditions rencontrées sur le terrain. Les différences observées en laboratoire, sur terrain plat et en montée laissent penser que les cyclistes adaptent leur pédalage selon les conditions dans lesquelles ils évoluent.Enfin, les travaux menés sur la position danseuse montrent que les cyclistes augmentent leur coût mécanique (CM) (+4,3 % en laboratoire vs. +19 % sur le terrain) par rapport à la position assise alors que la consommation d’oxygène reste stable entre les deux positions. Ces pertes mécaniques en position danseuse sont principalement dues à l’augmentation du coefficient de roulement (Cr) due aux oscillations latérales du vélo et donc à la torsion des pneus. Puisque les pertes mécaniques sont plus élevées sur le terrain que sur tapis roulant, d’autres facteurs semblent contribuer à cette différence comme la Ra (~10 W), le matériel utilisé par les cyclistes, le Cr de la route et la technique adoptée. Aussi, la position danseuse induit une augmentation du CM pour maintenir la vitesse de déplacement face aux variations de pente en montée. Les cyclistes sont donc fortement recommandés de réduire l’augmentation du CM en position danseuse comparée à la position assise
The studies conducted during this PhD research showed that optimizing the position of the cyclist on the bicycle is a key factor influencing cycling performance. Our research focused on four main axes: the design and validation of measurement tools, the study of the aerodynamic position, the study of the seated position and the study of the standing position.All the results showed that the performance capacity of cyclists can be improved in aerodynamic position by increasing the ratio between the mechanical power (PO) and the drag area (ACd). Comfort is also a significant factor in time trial (TT) performance as it determines the ability of the cyclist to maintain position over time. Our works show that comfort can be improved via orthopaedic correction in cyclists affected by lower limb length inequality (LLLI) in the TT position, related to a reduction in pelvis movements. The orthopaedic correction also induces an increase in gross efficiency (+5.7%). Thus, this improvement in comfort could increase the PO and/or the amount of time the aerodynamic position can be maintained during a TT. Therefore, cyclists affected by LLLI should compensate LLLI with individualised foot orthotics to improve their TT performance. In a preliminary study, we also showed that there is a relationship between head movements and ACd. Therefore, cyclists should minimise these movements to minimise their ACd and maximise their performance. Aerodynamic position must be evaluated in real cycling locomotion, whether for the evaluation of A or ACd. We have developed two applications that are a real asset for the dynamic evaluation of aerodynamic drag (Ra) as they make the data analysis more accessible to coaches. Finally, although we have initiated a new method to assess ACd in the aerodynamic position by combining 3D scanning and computational fluid dynamics simulation, this method is also recommended for individualisation of cycling equipment.The seated cycling position can also be optimised by increasing the cyclists’ force effectiveness (FE), regardless of practice level or gender. This increase in FE is mainly due to a decrease in resistive force (Fres) during the upstroke phase of pedalling. Nevertheless, the cyclist should not pull on the pedal to generate propulsive torque because this strategy is counterproductive from an energy point of view. It would be interesting to extend our first study, which was set up in a laboratory, to the field to analyse the biomechanical adaptations of cyclists to the real conditions of locomotion. The differences observed in the laboratory, on level ground and over an uphill grade suggest that cyclists adjust their pedalling technique according to the conditions under which they are performing.Finally, studies of the standing cycling position show that cyclists increase their mechanical cost (MC) (+4.3% in the laboratory vs. +19% in the field) compared to the seated position; however, oxygen consumption was similar between the two positions. These mechanical losses (13 W in the laboratory vs. 49 W in the field) in the standing position are mainly due to increased rolling resistance coefficient (Crr), induced by the lateral sways of the bicycle and therefore torsion of the tyres. Because the observed mechanical losses are higher in the field than on the treadmill, other factors could contribute to this difference, such as Ra (~10 W), the equipment used by cyclists, the Crr of the road surface and the technique adopted. Also, the standing position induces an increase in MC to maintain constant speed when faced with uphill slope variations. Cyclists are therefore strongly recommended to reduce the increase of the MC in standing position compared to the seated position. This reduction in mechanical losses can be achieved by decreasing lateral sways and Ra

Small wind turbines, and especially urban-mounted turbines which require no dedicated pole, have garnered great public enthusiasm in recent years. This enthusiasm has fueled widespread growth among energy conservationists, and estimates predict that the power produced nationally by small wind will increase thirty-fold by 2013. Unfortunately, most of the wind resources currently available have been designed for larger, rural-mounted turbines; thus, they are not well suited for this nascent market. A consequence of this is that many potential urban small wind turbine owners over-predict their local wind resource, which is both costly and inefficient. According to a recent study published by Encraft Ltd., small wind turbines mounted to buildings far underperformed their rural pole mounted counterparts. As a proposed solution to this problem, this project introduces the concept of a Web-based Wind Assessment System (WWAS). This system combines all the necessary resources for potential urban small wind turbine customers into a single web-based tool. The system also presents the concept of a modular wind measurement system, which couples with the WWAS to provide real-time wind data measurements. The benefits of the system include its ease of use, flexibility of installation, data accessibility from any web browser, and expert advice. The WWAS prevents potential clients from investing in a system that may not be viable for their location. In addition, a small wind turbine is designed in this project, which has a unique modular mounting system, allowing the same baseline wind turbine to attach to various structures using interchangeable mounting hardware. This includes such accessible urban structures as street lights, building corners, flag poles, and building walls, among others. This design also utilizes concepts that address some of the challenges associated with mounting small wind turbines to existing urban structures. These concepts include: swept tip blades and lower RPM to reduce noise; vibration suppression using rubber shims; a netted duct to protect wildlife; and a direct-drive permanent magnet generator to ensure low starting torque. Finally, the cost of this system is calculated using off-the-shelf components, which minimize testing and certification expense. This small wind turbine system is designed to be grid-connected, has a 6 foot diameter rotor, and is rated at 1 kW. This design features a unique modular interchangeable mounting system. The cost for this complete system is estimated to be $2,050. If a users' site has an average wind speed of 14 mph (6.5 m/s), this system will generate a return on investment in 8.5 years, leaving over 10 years of profit. The profit for this system, at this sample average wind speed, yields over $4,000 during its 20-year design life, which is a two-fold return on investment. This project has implications for various stakeholders in the small wind turbine market, including designers, engineers, manufacturers, and potential customers. Equally important is its potential role in guiding our future national--even global--energy agenda.

Les transmissions de puissance par trains épicycloïdaux sont courantes dans l'industrie du transport et de la manutention : elles procurent un fort rapport de réduction dans un volume toujours plus réduit, ce qui est un atout pour les industriels toujours plus attentifs à leur impact écologique. Cependant cette diminution de volume implique une augmentation de la puissance massique au sein de ces transmissions. Dans la cas où cette transmission est lubrifiée par bain d’huile ou barbotage, la problématique de la thermique devient alors un enjeu majeur car elle ne permet plus un refroidissement de la transmission, contrairement à la lubrification par injection. Elle apporte aussi une nouvelle source de perte par traînée, appelée perte par barbotage, qui ajoute à la production de chaleur produite par le frottement aux dentures et les roulements. Cette lubrification apporte cependant une facilité de maintenance utile pour des applications comme le transport. Ainsi, la modélisation thermique d'un tel train lubrifié par barbotage semble une nécessité pour estimer jusqu'à quel point ce type de lubrification est viable pour des transmissions par train épicycloïdal fortement chargé. Aucun modèle de prédiction des pertes de puissances, spécifiques à un train épicycloïdal en barbotage, n’est donné dans la littérature et la modélisation thermique a toujours porté sur de la lubrification par injection. Dans un premier temps, un modèle de prédiction des pertes par barbotage a été développé sur un banc d’essais en laboratoire pour, dans un second temps, modéliser thermiquement un réducteur de vitesse industriel en vue de l’optimiser sur plusieurs aspects : impact de la tribologie sur la thermique et optimisation du volume d’huile. Au regard des résultats présentés dans ce manuscrit, le modèle de pertes par barbotage prédit convenablement la perte pour plusieurs huiles testées ; le modèle thermique simule alors bien la thermique du réducteur et semble être un bon outil pour optimiser le réducteur industriel
Planetary gears are widely used inside power transmissions, especially in the transport or heavy industry: they provide a substantial reduction ratio while keeping a minimal volume, which is a benefit for the industry in a ecological point of view. Yet, this diminution in volume comes with an augmentation of the thermal mass power inside the tranmission. When this transmission is splash lubricated, the thermal response of the system becomes a crucial problem because it cannot provide the sufficient cooling that the injection lubrication does. Moreover it adds up another source of power loss with the drag loss of the rotating parts, that heats the transmission as well. That type of lubrication is nonetheless easy to maintain unlike the injection. Thus, the thermal modeling of such transmission seems a necessity in order to estimate the conditions until this type of lubrication is viable, especially when heavily loaded. The litterature provides little to no model to predict to drag power losses in a planetary gear set, especially since it mainly dealt with oil injected ones. So, the first step is to developp a dedicated power loss prediction model for drag losses occuring in a planetary gear set. This has been done using a dedicated test rig. The second step uses this prediction model to developp a thermal model of an industrial reducer, using the thermal network method. This has been donc in order to optimize multiple aspects: the impact of the tribology on the thermal response of the reducer and the optimization of the oil volume inside the splash lubricated reducer. In regards to these results, the power loss prediction model for drag loss seems to be robust ; the thermal model simulates correctly the thermal response of the reducer and is a powerful tool to optimize the industrial reducer

La tesis se encarga de analizar, por un lado, la integración y el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías en la Administración de Justicia; y, por otro, los parámetros que constituyen la validez y eficacia del documento electrónico.
La primera cuestión se centra en la configuración de los Sistemas de Información de la Oficina Judicial y del Ministerio Fiscal, así como de la informatización de los Registros Civiles, donde el art. 230 LOPJ es la pieza clave. Se estudian sus programas, aplicaciones, la videoconferencia, los ficheros judiciales y las redes de telecomunicaciones que poseen la cobertura de la firma electrónica reconocida, donde cobran gran relevancia los convenios de colaboración tecnológica. La digitalización de las vistas quizá sea una de las cuestiones con más trascendencia, teniendo en cuenta que el juicio es el acto que culmina el proceso. Aunque no todos los proyectos adoptados en el ámbito de la e.justicia se han desarrollado de forma integral, ni han llegado a la totalidad de los órganos judiciales. El objetivo final es lograr una Justicia más ágil y de calidad, a lo cual aspira el Plan Estratégico de Modernización de la Justicia 2009-2012 aprobado recientemente.
En referencia a la segunda perspectiva, no cabe duda que el Ordenamiento jurídico y los tribunales, en el ámbito de la justicia material, otorgan plena validez y eficacia al documento electrónico. Nuestra línea de investigación se justifica porque cada vez son más los procesos que incorporan soportes electrónicos de todo tipo, ya sea al plantearse la acción o posteriormente como medio de prueba (art. 299.2 LEC). Entre otros temas examinamos el documento informático, la problemática que rodea al fax, los sistemas de videograbación y el contrato electrónico.
La tesi s'encarrega d'analitzar, per una part, la integració i el desenvolupament de les noves tecnologies dins l´Administració de Justícia; i, per l'altra, els paràmetres que constitueixen la validesa i l'eficàcia del document electrònic.
La primera qüestió es centra en la configuració dels Sistemes d´Informació de l´Oficina Judicial i del Ministeri Fiscal, així com de la informatització dels Registres Civils, on l'art. 230 LOPJ es la peça clau. S'estudien els seus programes, aplicacions, la videoconferència, el fitxers judicials i les xarxes de telecomunicacions que tenen la cobertura de la firma electrònica reconeguda, on cobren gran rellevància els convenis de col·laboració tecnològica. La digitalització de les vistes tal vegada sigui una de les qüestions amb més transcendència, tenint amb compte que el judici es l'acte que culmina el procés. Però no tots el projectes adoptats en l'àmbit de la e.justicia s'han desenvolupat d'una manera integral ni han arribat a la totalitat dels òrgans judicials. L'objectiu final es assolir una Justícia més àgil i de qualitat, al que aspira el Pla Estratègic de Modernització de la Justícia 2009-2012 aprovat recentment.
En referència a la segona perspectiva, no hi ha dubte que l´Ordenament jurídic i els tribunals, en l'àmbit de la justícia material, donen plena validesa i eficàcia al document electrònic. La nostra línia d'investigació es justifica perquè cada vegada son més el processos que incorporen suports electrònics de tot tipus, ja sigui quant es planteja l'acció o posteriorment como a medi de prova (art. 299.2 LEC). Entre altres temes examinem el document informàtic, la problemàtica que envolta al fax, els sistemes de videogravació i el contracte electrònic.
The thesis seeks to analyse, on the one hand, the integration and development of the new technologies in the Administration of Justice; and, on the other, the parameters which constitute the validity and efficiency of the electronic document.
The first question centres on the configuration of the Information Systems of the Judicial Office and the Public Prosecutor, as well as the computerisation of the Civil Registers, where the art. 230 LOPJ it's the part key. Their programmes, applications, the Video Conferencing, the judicial registers and the telecommunication networks which are covered by the recognised electronic signatures, are studied, where the agreements on technological collaboration gain great relevance. The digitalisation of evidence might perhaps be one of the questions with most consequence, bearing in mind that the judgment is the act by which the process is culminated. Although not all the projects adopted within the compass of e.justice have developed completely nor have reached all the judicial organs. The final objective is to achieve an agile, quality Justice, to which the recently approved Strategic Plan for the Modernisation of Justice aspires.
With reference to the second perspective, there is no doubt that the juridical Ordinance and the tribunals within the compass of material justice grant full validity and efficacy to the electronic document. Our line of investigation is justified because there are more and more processes which are sustained by electronic supports of all kinds, whether it be at the establishment of the action or later, as a proof of it (art. 299.2 LEC). Amongst other things, we examine the computerised document, the problems which surround the fax, the systems for video recording and the electronic contract.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2004.
Title from title page screen (viewed May 28, 04). Thesis advisor: Robert B. Richards. Document formatted into pages (xi, 70 p. : ill.(some col.)). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60).

The remarkable efficacy with which normal surface mass transpiration (blowing and suction) alters a given base flow to achieve a desired predefined objective has motivated several investigations on drag reduction, self-propulsion and suppression of separation and wake unsteadiness in bluff body flows. However, the energetic efficiency, a critical parameter that determines the true efficacy and in particular practical feasibility of this control strategy, has received significantly less attention. In this work, we determine the optimal zero net mass transpiration blowing and suction profiles that minimize net power consumption while reducing drag or enabling self-propulsion in typical bluff body flows. We establish the influence of prescribed blowing and suction profiles on the hydrodynamic loads and net power consumption for a representative bluff body flow involving flow past a stationary two-dimensional circular cylinder. Using analysis based on Oseen’s equations, we find that all the symmetric modes, except the first one, lead to an increase in the net power consumption without affecting hydrodynamic drag. The optimal blowing and suction profile that yields minimum power consumption is such that the normal stress acting on the cylinder surface vanishes identically. Furthermore, we show that a self-propelling state corresponding to zero net drag force is attained when the first mode of blowing and suction profile is such that the flow field be-comes irrigational. Based on these findings we employ direct numerical simulation tools to decipher the Reynolds number dependence of the optimal profiles and the associated power consumption for both drag reduction and self-propulsion. For a typical Reynolds number, the time-averaged drag coefficient first decreases due to vortex shedding suppression, then increases and eventually decreases again after attaining a local maximum as the strength of the first mode is increased. The net power consumption continues to decrease with an increase in the strength of the first mode before reaching a minima after which it rises continuously. For a Reynolds number of 1000 over fifteen fold reduction in drag is achieved for an optimal blowing and suction profile with a maximum radial surface velocity that is nearly 1.97 times the free stream velocity. Next, to establish whether or not higher modes play a role in decreasing net power consumption at finite Reynolds number, we perform theoretical analysis of a configuration similar to the one described above for a spherical body. At zero Reynolds number, as a result of mode independence, we show that surface blow-ing and suction of any form that involves second or higher order axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric modes does not contribute to drag and only leads to an increase in total power consumption. However, at finite Reynolds number, using analysis based on Oseen’s equations, we find that the second and higher modes contribute substantially to the optimal profiles. Finally to understand the effects of a change in shape we consider generalization of the above analysis to axisymmetric prolate and oblate spheroidal bodies. We find that for a general axisymmetric body with non-constant curvature, the optimal drag reducing and self-propelling blowing and suction profiles for minimum power consumption contain second and higher-order modes along with the first mode even when the Reynolds number is zero. The net decrease in power consumption with the use of second and higher order modes exceeds 33% for a disk-like low aspect ratio self-propelling oblate spheroid. Moreover, we perform comparisons between blowing and suction and tangential surface velocity based boundary deformation propulsion mechanisms. Below an aspect ratio of 0.56 we find blowing and suction mechanism to be more efficient for self-propulsion of an oblate spheroid. In contrast, for a self-propelling pro-late spherical micro-swimmer, we show that the tangential surface tread milling consumes less power irrespective of the aspect ratio.

Yes
Much attention has been paid to making 5G developments more en-ergy efficient, especially in view of the need for using high data rates with more complex modulation schemes within a limited bandwidth. The concept of the Doherty power amplifier for improving amplifier efficiency is explained in addi-tion to a case study of a 70W asymmetrical Doherty power Amplifier using two GaN HEMTs transistors with peak power ratings of 45W and 25W. The rationale for this choice of power ratio is discussed. The designed circuit works in the 3.4GHz frequency band with 200 MHz bandwidth. Rogers RO4350B substrate with dielectric constant εr=4.66 and thickness 0.035 mm is used. The perfor-mance analysis of the Doherty power amplifier is simulated using AWR MWO software. The simulated results showed that 54-64% drain efficiency has been achieved at 8 dB back-off within the specified bandwidth with an average gain of 10.7 dB.

In this thesis strategies to achieve a high efficiency RF front-end are studied and presented. A high efficiency Power Amplifier is also proposed and simulated. The applications for this type of designs are vast, but the main ones are in mobile transmission devices where the only power supply source available is a battery. In order to perform this thesis several topologies of power amplifiers were studied, and the decision fell to those based on a switching behavior. The reason for this decision was the need for high efficiency (it’s one of the main objectives). The Class-D power amplifier with its ideal potential efficiency of 100% has proven the most promising for implementation. The objectives for this thesis in terms of implementation were an efficiency of 20% and an output power of 0dBm. Finally, a power-combining technique was used to explore the potential of achieving high output power without affecting the efficiency.

In this thesis an RF Class-D Power Amplifier is presented. The analysis of the Class-D amplifier considering ideal components has shown that the drain efficiency of 100% can be achieved. The output power and the drain efficiency are degraded by the internal resistance of each component. A driver is used to drive the gate capacitances of the Class-D amplifier. Both driver and amplifier are implemented with CMOS inverters. The size of the inverters in the driver is scaled down by a factor of 3 relatively to the preceding stage. The first being the inverter of the Class-D amplifier. At the output a 3rd order Butterworth bandpass filter is implemented. A non-ideal analysis of the Class-D amplifier is performed to create a base model which is used to aid in the design of the circuit. The RF Class-D Power Amplifier with the operation frequency of 2.4GHz was implemented with standard 130 nm CMOS technology. Two simulations were taken into account considering ideal and pre-layout components in the output filter. The following results were obtained when using ideal components: the output power of 6.91 dBm, the drain efficiency of 40% and the overall efficiency of 23%. Using pre-layout components the results were the following: the output power of 0.317 dBm the drain and overall efficiency of 8.6% and 4.9%, respectively.

Splitter plates are passive flow control devices for reducing drag and suppressing vortex shedding from bluff bodies. Most studies of splitter plates involve the flow around an “infinite” circular cylinder, however, in the present study the flow around a surface-mounted finite-height circular cylinder, with a wake-mounted splitter plate, was studied experimentally in a low-speed wind tunnel using a force balance and single-component hot-wire anemometry. Four circular cylinders of aspect ratios AR = 9, 7, 5 and 3 were tested for a Reynolds number range of Re = 1.9×10^4 to 8.2×10^4. The splitter plates had lengths, relative to the cylinder diameter, of L/D = 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5 and 7, thicknesses ranging from T/D = 0.10 and 0.15, and were the same height as the cylinder being tested. The cylinders were partially immersed in a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer, where the range of boundary layer thickness relative to the cylinder diameter was δ/D = 1.4 to 1.5. Measurements were made of the mean drag force coefficient, the Strouhal number at the mid-height position, and the Strouhal number and power spectra along the cylinder height. For all four finite circular cylinders, the splitter plates were effective at reducing the magnitude of the Strouhal number, and weakening or even suppressing vortex shedding, depending on the specific combination of AR and L/D. Compared to the case of an infinite circular cylinder, the splitter plate is less effective at reducing the mean drag force coefficient of a finite circular cylinder. The largest drag reduction was obtained for the cylinder of AR = 9 and splitter plates of L/D = 1 to 3, while negligible drag reduction occurred for the shorter cylinders.