Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dramaturgie – Mouvement des Lumières'
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Bret-Vitoz, Renaud. "Le lieu de la scène : dramaturgie de l'espace dans la tragédie 1691-1759." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100116.
Full textSuccessful tragedies in the Eighteenth century reveal the important role given to space. The historic subjects' disorientation is explained by a shift in political vision and political writing. Instead of being a secret place, observed from a distance, monarchic power seems approachable, at the core of city's political debate. Racine's Athalie (1691) constitutes the first signal of this renewal. Secondly, speeches on space translates a desire of illusion. The presence of descriptions in a carnal language is less rational than in the classic period. It contradicts visible rationalism of philosophers' theatre. Finally, decoration, suits, scenic architecture, body movements occupy the space which used to be considered as useless. After 1759's stage settings of Voltaire's Semiramis, the show dominates the beauty of the verse. Finally, the tragic practice questions the difficult transmission of history. The tragedy is a tool to test history with reconstruction, imagination and reality
Cambra-Djoudi, Christine. "L'œuvre dramatique de Johann Elias Schlegel (1719-1749) : contribution à l'étude de la dramaturgie de la "Frühaufklärung"." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040184.
Full textJohann Elias Schlegel's (1719-1749) dramatic output reveals the evolution that led German drama from the itinerant stages to a fixed form. The dramatic works had to be considered in full, that is, without excluding any play, extract or rough draft. .
Tang, Guo. "La réécriture du théâtre chinois et l'évolution du genre tragique dans l'Europe des Lumières : de "L'Orphelin de la maison de Tchao" (XIIIe siècle, traduction par le Père Prémare 1731) de Ji Junxiang à "L'Orphelin de la Chine" 1755 de Voltaire et à "The Orphan of China" 1759 de Murphy." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30043.
Full textSince the introduction of the first Chinese drama in Europe in the eighteenth century, the Chinese subject exerts a strong attraction on European playwrights whose dramatic rewritings reflect a sensitive evolution of the tragic gender.The aim of this thesis is to show the process of theatrical rewriting, which through the authors’ aesthetic and ideological choices, demonstrates their passion for exoticism, their attachment to tradition and their desire for innovation. This thesis basically takes a transtextual and transcultural approach. The modes of rewriting from Ji Junxiang’s The Orphan of the house of Tchao, to Voltaire’s L’Orphelin de la Chine and to Murphy’s The Orphan of China is tackled by analyzing the relation maintained by authors in accordance with their texts-sources. This dramaturgical study shows that the rewriting of the Orphans, as intercultural and interlanguage theatrical practice, leads to a profound change in the nature of the theatrical text. This thesis discusses firstly the historical context, secondly the dramatic elements of Chinese tragedy’s rewriting in the European Enlightenment, in order to better grasp the meaning given by Voltaire and Murphy to this Chinese subject, which they renovate in depth
Baillon, Jean-François. "Newtonisme et idéologie dans l'Angleterre des Lumières." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040140.
Full textThe study of both printed sources (rarely studied) and of manuscripts (Isaac Newton's theological writings, Samuel Clarke's and William Whiston's letters) shows the discrepancy between the ideological (i. E. Political and religious) exploitation of Newtonian science and the works of newton. In order to legitimate the settlement of 1688, the commentators of Newtonian physics divested it of any element allowing a radical interpretation in neo-republican or materialistic terms. Besides, this study reveals the properly theological discord between the inner circle of the Newtonians and the Church of England. The second part is about the contents of newton's theological manuscripts and reveals its fundamental notions (idolatry, enthusiasm, fantasy, metaphysics), which describe what religion is not about. The rationalist and protestant aspects of Newton's thought are emphasized, thus allowing a parallel with deist thought, here revisited in order to show its lesser-known aspects. The conclusion emphasizes some key concepts of Newton's theory of religion and of its history, thus relating it, ultimately, with the rise of enlightenment thought in England
Rehm, Patricia. "Herder et les Lumières : essai de biographie intellectuelle." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL030.
Full textCottret, Bernard. "Bolingbroke : exil et écriture au siècle des lumières : Angleterre-France (vers 1715-vers 1750)." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100145.
Full textStating the epistemological importance of the theme of exile, this study examines the life and political career of one of the most troublesome characters of the English enlightenment: lord Bolingbroke's forced stays in France, his fluctuating political commitments, his reckless opposition to Walpole, his contributions to the development of modern toryism are examined in turn, while the nature and scope of history, or the mythical appeal of patriotism are given due consideration. The second part of the work deals more precisely with the philosophical essays, a lasting monument of unreadable eighteenth-century prose. . . Even though secondary productions, not to say third-rate considerations, may be the most fruitful for historians as they are the very stuff the average intellectual life of a century is made of. Mylord Bolingbroke had a seminal influence on pope, but his posthumous essays, acclaimed by Voltaire, caused something of an uproar because of their bitter attacks against the establishment
Anthonay, Thibaut d'. "Lumières et ombres chez Jean Lorrain." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040056.
Full textDacheux, Jean-Pierre. "Les interpellations tsiganes de la philosophie des Lumières." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083289.
Full textMeeting Rom reveals a questioning of the values adopted by the Western societies influenced by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. This Rom population, which can’t be assimilated, is still being questioned although it has been present for seven centuries among our European democracies. Residence and citizenship, ethnic groups and nations, minorities and communities representation and democracy, property and appropriation, nomadism and circulation, universalism and cosmopolitism, the holocaust and the genocide of an ethnic group, territory and homeland, republic and federalism, multiculturalism and integration, these familiar concepts shaped by over two centuries of history are yet again to be reexamined. They have to be considered or reconsidered from the point of view of 10 million Europeans mainly living on the periphery of our cities. This reconsideration is not only fruitful but indispensable, even urgent
Avoni, Koblan. "Le Marquis de Sade et la philosophie des Lumières." Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA1010.
Full textCastagnetti, Philippe. "Le courant mystique dans l'Italie des Lumières (1687-1796)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040280.
Full textAudidière, Sophie. "Intérêt, passions, utilité : l'anthropologie d'Helvétius et la philosophie française des Lumières." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL30022.
Full textCasoni, Michelle. "Hector St John de Crèvecoeur, homme des Lumières." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070133.
Full textThe reader's first impression which arises from letters from an american farmer by st john de crevecoeur is that of a helter-skelter parchwork. This feeling has been sonnewhat confirmed by critics who gave varied and sometimes contradictory definitions of this book. I have regarded as irrelevant any strict classification of crevecoeur's writings. However it has proved necessary to give an account of the elements constrituting a chronicle of colonial america. As a matter of fact, the picture of society in those days (women, indians, african slaves, farmers and so on. . . ) is oneof the writer's major concerns. Yet, considering letters and sketches as a mere collection of historical and social events would be an oversimplification. Today, the gist and proper value of crevecoeur's work must be traced in the ideology underlying his way of thinking. Crevecoeur, an eighteenth century writer is steeped in the ideas of his time ; his perception of the world and mankind in that of an enlightenment "philosophe". His view of america is no longer considered as the mere observation of a chronicler. Far beyond the ambiguity of a man confronted with everyday reality, his ideas are heralding revolutionary doctrines
Drouin, Sébastien. "Erudits, théologiens et libertins autour de l'éxégèse allégorique à l'âge des Lumières." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS020S.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to shed new light on the traditional definition of the history of allegorical exegesis in the lsth Century. We have demonstrated the influence of learned theologians from Holland such as Hugo Grotius and Jean Le Clerc on the works of French freethinkers - the so called "Philosophes"- and also on the works of many French theologians. It appears that the critics of the allegorical exegesis, often considered as a synonym of deism, tend to occupy a common place in French attitudes toward the Bible
Laoureux, Denis. "Maurice Maeterlinck et la dramaturgie de l'image : les arts et les lettres dans le symbolisme en Belgique /." Brasschaat (Belgique) : [Le Kremlin-Bicêtre] : Pandora ; [les Belles Lettres diff.], 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41282431g.
Full textPubl. à l'occasion de l'exposition "Le musée imaginaire de Maurice Maeterlinck" organisée au Musée provincial Félicien Rops, Namur, Belgique, du 19 janvier au 13 avril 2008. Notes bibliogr. Index.
Brüggemann, Susanne. "Tableau ou action ? De la dramaturgie de Diderot et de Lessing." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040013.
Full textDiderot and Lessing both participate in the central aesthetic debate of the 18th century: the concept of illusion in the visual arts. Diderot views the sign as an energetic entity, while Lessing favours the rhetoric model. This results in two forms of theatre of Enlightenment: Diderot’s form is that of the tableau, for Lessing the plot remains crucial. With this in mind Lessing’s and Diderot’s different approaches to drama are compared in a typological way.Reasons for the two orientations are anchored in different assessments of a world of contingence. Diderot presents a scientific materialism. The ancient eternal values are exposed to a dynamic of relativity. Lessing adopts a notion of truth based on Christian values. The analysis integrates not only these sights of world order but also reflections of theatrical semiotics. The dissertation begins with a comparison of Lessing’s Laokoon and Diderot’s Essais sur la peinture and highlights the different approaches towards the aesthetic debate. The choice of text then follows the development of both authors in relation to visuality. Thus Le Fils naturel and Le Père de famille with their annexes are analized. Next, Lessing’s ideas about theatre in the Briefwechsel über das Trauerspiel, a correspondence with his friends before his translation of Diderot’s texts mentioned above, are outlined. How Lessing’s position differs from Diderot’s is further depicted through an analysis of the Hamburgische Dramturgie and Emilia Galotti. By way of resume the final chapter presents Nathan der Weise as a utopia of theatre in contrast to the paradox vision of stage illusion in the Paradoxe sur le comédien
Brunel, Pierre. "Les Lumières platoniciennes de Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743-1819)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040113.
Full textIn this study of F. H. Jacobi, « the dispute over pantheism » will not be addressed again, but that between the Ancients and the Moderns will be rekindled as Jacobi undertakes to establish a philosophical genealogy of modernity. According to Jacobi, the philosopher who attempted to understand the situation in the most comprehensive way ist Kant. The first part shows how Jacobi does praise Kantian philosophy, but considers that critical idealism remains fundamentally ambiguous and contradictory. Jacobi means to weaken the idealisms of Fichte and Schelling as a consequence. The essential starting point of the Kantian reform lies in the interpretation of the Platonic Ideas. Yet, Jacobi claims to defend a Platonism which would not follow idealism. The second part sets out what real rationalism is and then discloses the specific illusion of the modern reason which seems to lose sight of the very essence of man when ambitioning to settle the conflict between Athen and Jerusalem
Pagliano, Sylvain. "Jean Étienne Marie Portalis et la philosophie des Lumières." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010619.
Full textLe, Vot Valérie. "Lecteurs et lectures dans le roman allemand des Lumières." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040206.
Full textThis thesis studies the representations of reading and the readers as characters in the German novel of the second half of the 18th century (Knigge, La Roche, Muller, Musaus, Neugebauer, Nicolai, Unger, Wezel, Wieland). The aim of this study is to analyze the contribution of the German novel writers to the debate about the "reading fury" (lesesucht, lesewut), to the definition of a new art of reading and to the emergence of a modern German novel. First, we replace the debate about the "reading revolution" (leserevolution) in the global cultural context of the second half of the 18th century and present the main actors of this debate (morale weeklies, teachers, pastors, doctors). Then, we analyze the motif of reading in the novels: who reads (young readers, aristocratic vs bourgeois readers, place of the readers in the constellation of characters)? What do the characters read (link with the classical tradition, with the English and French prose fiction, with the German literature)? When (reading and the Christian and bourgeois time management), where (public vs private space) and how (intensive vs extensive reading, silent and lonely reading vs collective and oral reading…
Reverso, Laurent. "L' influence des idées des lumières françaises sur les juristes et publicistes lombards au XVIIIe siècle (1740-1790)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32017.
Full textIn the 18th century, lombard thinkers and jurists draw on the sources of french ideas to reform their region. Unlike France, where the philosophers only contested the political and social order, the Lombards took an active part in the government of their region. The new ideas were adapted to Lombardy, causing an ideological revolution, whom base is an individualistic and egalitarian vision of mankind. This new anthropology caused juridical claims, in particular in the criminal area. In the economical area the effects of the French influence are important and lead to liberal reforms, against privileges. As everywhere in Europe, the enlightenment's ideas in Lombardy, faced resistances, as ideological as corporative and institutional, because they challenged the ancient order. Though, those resistances were subjugated by the action of the reformers and the austrian sovereigns, who didn't hesitate to use the enlightenment's ideas to reach their aims of reinforcement of their authority
Ben, Saad Nizar. "Machiavel en France, des Lumières à la Révolution." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040051.
Full textElsingaby, Sara. "Métamorphose du genre utopique durant le siècle des Lumières." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010734.
Full textVeysman, Nicolas. "Mise en scène de l'opinion publique dans la littérature des Lumières." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040058.
Full textNeiertz, Patrick. "Lumières Obliques (Ironie et dialogues au XVIIIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040214.
Full textThe rhetorics of Irony in Enlightenment’s written dialogues are no mere by-products of the then prevalent social mode of conversational interplay. Their careful perusal indicates that Irony and Humour were instrumental in the vast reshuffling of moral values, religious and political obedience, aesthetic codes, social behaviours that are a legacy of the period. This dissertation focuses on the four main literary areas where dialogical Irony plays an active role in textual topics: parody, comedy, philosophical dialogue and libertine novels. The hypothesis here offered is that ironic subversion is mostly aimed at mental and behavioural compliances made consensual during the Classical period, i.e.: politeness and “honesty” as paramount signs of social fitness; exaltation of the dramatic sublime as benchmark for excellence in Tragedy; allegory and propriety in the written rendition of love-making; linkage of social hardships to individual violation of Christian rules and not to collective/institutional failures; etc
Robert, Richard. "Utopie et individu au tournant des lumières, 1770-1810." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN1339.
Full textO'Connor, Thomas. "Théologie et lumières chez Luke Joseph Hooke, 1714-1796." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040191.
Full textLuke Joseph Hooke was part of the Jacobite diaspora which sought refuge in France at end of the 17th century. .
Larue, Renan. "Le végétarisme des Lumières : discours sur l'abstinence de viande en France, au XVIIIè siècle." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0021.
Full textIn Eighteenth century France, new medical and philosophical writings favor vegetarism. First, rejection of luxurious gastronomy and the desire to adopt a diet that can ease digestion processes can explain this phenomenon. Secondly, moral arguments developped from an increasing awareness regarding animals resulted in writers to consoder the act of killing animals for nourishment as unfair. This opinion is mainly based on empiricism, a philosophy that questions the ontological barrier that has traditionally benn set between animals and humanity. Writers rave about the moral value and the nutitional benefits of Pythagoras and west Indian Brahman's diets; vegetarianism is envisioned as a diet of utopian societies. Rousseau and Voltaire have a specific use for this diet. Rousseau considers it matches the true biological and physiological nature of man; Voltaire sees it as a way to oppose the Church
Cherif, Imene. "Françoise de Graffigny et les Lumières." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES003.
Full textA woman of the Enlightenments, Françoise de Graffigny (1695-1758) had an eclectic culture and occupied a singular situation in the society of her time. Self-taught, indefatigable reader, "salonnière", author among other works of the "Lettres d'une Péruvienne", "Cénie" and severa small plays. She was admirated by her contemporaries. Member of the Republic of Letters, she welcomed the cultural elite in her salon. In the first part, we analyse and comment upon her cultural references and her favourite authors which could serve as a source of education and/or inspiration. We discover in the thousands of pages of the correspondence a clandestine manuscript wich seems announce the Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville" of Diderot. In the second part, we deciphe the unpublished manuscript letters from her correspondent François-Antoine Devaux, thus completing the analysis of Mme de Graffigny's correspondence by commenting on the frame discussions between the two correspondents on their reading and on the social life of their time.Finally, in the third part, we study Françoise de Graffigny's main ideas, her feminist convictions and pedagogical methids, pleading against intellectual jealousy through the sarcastics portrait of Voltaire. Her correspondence ar nevertheless marked by a shadow, by an existential anxiety tinged with boredom that she succeeds in converting into a burning assertion of the joy of life which anticipates Rousseau's ideals and dominates the opressing disenchantment and ridiculousness of the world around her, this joy is the last word of the wisdom of Françoise de Graffigny
Dion, Nicholas. "Entre les larmes et l’effroi. Inflexions élégiaques et horrifiques dans le théâtre tragique, de l’âge classique aux Lumières (1677-1726)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040099.
Full textThis thesis investigates tragedies written between Racine’s retirement (1677) and the beginnings of a renewal of the poetics of tragedy in the 1730s, a period marked by the interruption of the careers of Crébillon and La Motte, the publication of La Motte’s Discours and Père Brumoy’s Le Théâtre des Grecs as well as young Voltaire’s return from England. First, it examines the ossification of the theatre and the poetics of tragedy in connection with early attempts to define the genre of elegy that highlight the porosity of the two genres, along with a revival of the aesthetics of horror arising from direct competition between the Comédie-Française and the successful lyrical tragedies of the Palais-Royal. Conclusions are subsequently applied to a study of the poetic and dramaturgical components of the era’s tragedies, based on an analysis of the modulations of elegy and horror that emerge from structural effects created by conflicting interpretations of the concept of simplicity. The modulations that permeate the character typology and the relationships between political plots and love plots are then analyzed from the same angle. Lastly, the thesis concludes with an exploration of the role of the motifs of horror and elegy in the pursuit of tragic effect, more specifically with regard to tears and fright, and the adaptation of the ancient model of the Heroïdes for French theatre, in which these two trends are combined
Doussot, Joëlle-Elmyre. "Musique et société à Dijon au siècle des Lumières." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA1025.
Full textSirotchouk, Tatiana. "La vie intellectuelle et littéraire en Ukraine au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21004.
Full textTavoillot, Pierre-Henri. "Kant et la querelle des Lumières : le Pantheismusstreit et le destin du rationalisme." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040277.
Full textIn the late 8th century the problematics of philosophy in germany was to be deeplay marked by the "pantheism controversy" (1785-1789) also called "spinozism controversy". Indeed a determining transition from the philosophy of enlightenment to the german idealism, it will be taken here as the reading key to an understanding of the organization of the great philosophic systems from kant to hegel. The purpose of this research is to throw light on what preceded and followed this crucial controversy whose fundamental aim is both the validity and realization of the ideal of enlightenment. On the one hand, it is a matter of identifying the divisions which appeared, before starting, among the philosophers of the aufklarung (in particular between lessing, mendelssohn and kant), and on the other hand of considering the effects both on the german controversy on the french revolution and the hegelian attempt at ending it definitively. Each step of this work will deal with the question whether the kantian concept of aufklarung can hold against the criticisms of the irrationalist philosophers (surch as jacobi) as well as those of the advocates of reason (as hegel). The essential stake is to find out whether this concept can still provide meaning and interest for today's work on philosophy
Labussière, Jean-Louis. "Individu et individuation dans la philosophie des Lumières." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOL008.
Full textThe author endeavors to study the status of the individual, and if need be, of individuation, as well on the metaphysical plane as through the various fields of scientific knowledge, granting a privileged importance to law and natural history. The distinction between cosmos and nature is the leading thread followed, naturalism, whatever form it may assume, appearing as a kind of anti-individualism, and the concept of the individual as a cosmological concept. Sensualism is precisely deeply naturalistic and constitutes a sort of inverted Aristotelianism in the same way as the doctrine of Buffon. Montesquieu and Maupertuis, between whom a link is established, both grant a very distinctive place to the notion of cosmos, but reduce the individual to a hazardous being. As to the encylopaedists, studied through Diderot and his theory of individual quality, their conception of the cosmos cannot be isolated from a certain aestheticism: what is individual is for them an irreducible form of that which has been lived. Finally, it is on the ethical plane that the age of enlightenment has best formulated the problem of the individual, i. E. That of singularity, as the author tries to demonstrate it through the study of Rousseau and Kant
Toguslu, Erkan. "La piété des étudiants formés au sein du mouvement Fethullah Gülen : une étude de cas des Maisons Lumières." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0090.
Full textThis dissertation proposes to study the life of the pious Muslims observed in its context, among young students who live in apartments which one calls "light houses" (isik evleri) affiliated to the Gülen movement. This study characterizes the appearance of these new lslamic subjects among young students in private-public space with observing the appropriation of religious values nourishing the piety of these young students. Lt is a question defining the piety of these students by referring within a historical and social framework on a national scale Turkey. Through investigations on field work, we would like to show the construction of a Muslim pious self its specificity which makes possible a Muslim habitus which is revealing the space, the memory, the body, and the gesture
Pranchère, Jean-Yves. "L'autorité contre les Lumières : la philosophie de Joseph de Maistre." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUEL241.
Full textAlthough the philosophy of Joseph de Maistre does not form a system and is presented like thought of ideological nature, it can be subject to an overall study wich attempts to reconsitute its coherence. Joseph de Maistre, whose main works were written between 1793 and 1821, is a major figure in contrerevolutionary catholicism : the specific philosophical interest of his thought lies in the fact that it proposes a pure type of authoritarianism and traditionalism. Maistre affirms, contrary to the claim for rational autonomy raised by the Enlightenment, the rights of authority beneath the triple figure of monarchic, pontifical and divine authority. This battle against the Enlightenment takes its place in the tradition of catholic philosophy ; but since it itself rests on certain of the fundamental concepts of the Enlightenment - due to his political notion of soverignty, Maistre takes his place in the legacy of Rousseau ; due to his innate rationalism, he takes his place in the legacy of Descartes-, the maistrian refusal of the Enlightenment equally lies within the framework of an internal dialectic of the Enlightenment. It is natably thus that Maistre reaches the stage where he gives catholic providentialism the new form of radical historicism
Mauro, Azzurra. "Un philosophe des Lumières entre Naples et Paris : Ferdinando Galiani (1728-1787)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20015/document.
Full textBorn in Chieti in 1728, Ferdinando Galiani - economist, diplomat and philosopher - is a prolific author of the Enlightenment whose career took place between Italy and France. After receiving a humanistic and philosophical education in Naples, from 1735 to 1759, Galiani was appointed, by Minister Berardo Tanucci, secretary of the Neapolitan Embassy in Paris. During these years, from 1759 to 1769, he made contact with philosophers and encyclopedists, frequented the salons of the capital and became one of the most sought-after guests. When he finally returned to Naples, where he lived until his death in 1787, the "little abbot" remained in epistolary contact with the Parisian circles to be informed of the political and literary news. Since the nineteenth century, historiography has studied this thinker in two opposing views: many studies have favored an economic-political perspective - analyzing in particular Della Moneta (1750) and the Dialogues sur le commerce des blés (1770) -; other studies have insisted on the "libertine" spirit of this animator of the Parisian salons. From these antinomic aspects, historiography retains "two Galiani", in other words, the "serious Galiani" and the "light-hearted Galiani". This thesis offers to go beyond this dichotomy, while taking into consideration various sources still unexplored and unpublished, by favoring a transdisciplinary approach. Galiani produces an important philosophical knowledge that accompanies, nourishes and completes his political projects. Our research offers a systematic analysis of Galiani's thought according to the historical-cultural contexts in which it develops, Naples and Paris; as well as an analysis of its social trajectory, specifically within the Republic of Letters, which goes hand and hand with the creation of his identity as an author
Sperotto, Valentina. "Le scepticisme comme méthode dans l’œuvre de Denis Diderot." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0040/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to point out the characteristics of the reception of Skepticism in Diderot’s work, through an analysis of the Skeptic arguments and rhetorical devices that can be identified in Diderot’s writings. Our investigation reveals the presence of recurring Skeptic elements both in the early works and in the maturity, including the contributions to the Encyclopédie. Another essential topic is the use of Skepticism as a method that does not consist only in the preliminary application of skeptic’s arguments to the subject discussed by the philosopher. We also show that Diderot’s Skeptic method entails not only the use of some typical arguments, but also the adoption of peculiar stylistic choices. We claim that this Skeptic streak explains some singularities of Diderot’s philosophy and of his materialism. A deeper understanding of the central role played by the Skeptic themes in Diderot’s thinking makes a significant contribution to the studies on Skepticism in the Enlightenment, which emerges like a plurality of positions and forms of philosophical heritages. For these reasons we do not only present a comparison between Diderot and his skeptic sources, but also with others Enlightenment philosophers like Montesquieu, Voltaire, D’Alembert and David Hume
Lemaire, Elina. "Les doctrines parlementaires des Lumières et les institutions libérales : Contribution à une histoire du libéralisme français." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020015.
Full textRathier, Carole. "Les réseaux des Lumières à Bordeaux : étude de correspondances (1768-1788)." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30017.
Full textEnlightenment networks in Bordeaux: study of correspondences (1768-1788) is a thesis in one volume – written back to back - of 686 p, together with a CD-ROM containing the Website “Ecrire au XVIIIe siècle” (“Writing in the XVIIIth century”). This is not a mere annex but rather a relational database created for this research and available to the readers. As a thesis on cultural history offering a Study of correspondences in Bordeaux during the last two decades of the Ancien Régime, it innovates through the use of FileMaker and Arcane software – the latter enabled to edit this thesis – in order to work thoroughly on the documentation corpus constituted. Chapter II of Book I constitutes therefore a key part of this demonstration. This study has enabled to precisely draw relational spaces, to clarify the ways of life and to underline the value of material movements. The thesis is divided in four parts, starting with the presentation of the corpus and tools which enabled to make use of it. Book II presents three letter writers in Bordeaux as observers of their universe and witnesses of their time: Mme Duplessy, Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, François de Paule Latapie. Book III focuses on the Enlightenment sociability with respects to institutions, particularly the Academy and the Museum. The study of academic correspondences enables to link this part to the whole project of the thesis and the two preceding books. Finally, Book IV studies the nobiliary culture and the culture of mobility of these representatives of the provincial elite. Two indexes and a bibliography complement this thesis
Mercier, Daniel. "Ordre métaphysique et retour à la nature : épistémologie de la science de l'homme au siècle des Lumières." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100158.
Full textThe philosophy of enlightenment is based upon the fundamental project of a science of man which would be able to rival in exactingness and scope with the science of facts that is achieved in newton's optics and principia, in opposition to Descartes’s imaginary. However, the disparity of objects forbids a mere methodological transfer from the sciences of nature to the new science of man. Thus the problem arises of a transposition of the model of knowledge as defined by mathematical physics into the realm of the specific object of the new science. It is to Locke and his history of human knowledge that must be traced back the methodological metaphor from which the artisans of enlightenment will draw the elements of a specific method of discovery which, true to newton's ideals, will seem to warrant the reasonable hope of reaching a science of man which would be as rigorous and universal as the most rigorous experimental physical science. This method is metaphysical experiment, a transposition into the order of genesis of the analysis of facts, which natural philosophy would make, as for her, in the order of quantity. Hence the fundamental task assigned to the new science as a priority: to discover, among the infinite diversity of the appearances submitted to observation, the truly essential characteristics of the nature of man, i. E. The original and universal traits common to all humanity, degree zero of any genesis and principle of any history. For it is only from this primary fact that the science of man, now the science of the nature of man, can boast it is giving back to the facts under its analysis-knowledge, body politics, goods and riches, languages and so on - the metaphysical order of their genesis, in which their true nature finally reveals itself
Ventrone, Giuseppe. "Tolérance et pluralité à l'âge des Lumières : Paris et Naples (1720-1785)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0034.
Full textThe enlightenment project of "enlightening" of society through Reason is bound up with the idea of the possibility to act on people's mentality, i. E. Exerting influence over classes, categories or social groups in order to determine a profound and persistent "conversion" of their representation of their own condition and, accordingly, of their behavioural pattern. This research, far from tackling the question of the actual political influence of the Philosophers, is devoted to a detection and description, drawing on the texts, of the presence in their ideas of different paradigms of minor influence like : plurality, utility, consistence, belonging. The research aims at showing the way in wich this paradigms can crystallise themselves in the idea of tolerance. The same phenomenological methodology will be used to test the spread of these paradigms in the neapolitan enlightenment
Rothé, Sophie. "Casanova en mouvement : des attraits de la raison aux plaisirs de la croyance." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2008.
Full textFor a long time, the myth of Casanova has reduced him to a brainless womanizer and has overshadowed his literary work. In order to furtherunveil his writings, this thesis studies one of the paradoxes that are regularly found in them. Steeped with enlightened philosophy, the chevalier de Seingalt shows his despise for superstitious beliefs. However, as he is confronted to irrationality during the Age of Enlightment, he becomes a charlatan and uses his theatrical skills to dupe other people, which makes him develop an « aesthetic of superstition ». Still, at some point of his life – in particular during the Leads episode – the imposter falls victim to his own irrational fears. Unable to decide on his convictions, his philosophical thoughts remain contradictory andaffect his writings. As he switches from the appeal of reason to the pleasures of belief, the adventurer indulges himself in wavering, not only in terms of women, but also in literature and philosophy
Boulanger, Cédric. "Du romantisme comme imaginaire ontologique : la faillite révolutionnaire en France et en Allemagne." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30033.
Full textThis study tries to define the unspecified notion of Romanticism. It is based on the thought that the romantic litterature develops “The Fall” as its principal topic, due to the failure of the French Revolution. Then, comparing the Age of Enlightenment with the Age of revolutions, it tries to understand how the French Revolution has changed the philosophy of the Self. We noticed different ways to define the building of the individual and the becoming-aware’s activity, or the creation of the self’s concept named the ontological imaginary. Thus, the eighteenth century is dominated by a trans-individualistic imagination- the Self is thought through the Other, and determined by its background. Opposite to the nineteenth century wich is dominated by an individualistic imaginary- the Self is thought as an uncorrelated entity in self-determination. The fail of the French Revolution’s utopia can explain this change of thinking: as a result of the impossibility to organize a collective movement the individual is left to one’s own, lacking of a common perspective. Studying first the original german theorists of romanticism, -Novalis, Schlegel, Schelling, Tieck. . . - then the french romantics, around this notion of ontological imaginary, this essay aims to prove that Romanticism stems from a pathological individualism haunted by the memory of the transindividualism. Romanticism is torned between the pursuit of the French Revolution’s policy and the nostalgy of a trans-individualistic imaginary handed down from Age of Enlightenment
Roudaut, Maiwenn. "De la tolérance à la reconnaissance ?Des Lumières allemandes à l'Ecole de Francfort." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30049.
Full textIn the 1990s, Germany has to face a redefinition of its identity trough diverse political and social controversies. On the philosophical field, the early and dense reception of the American debates between liberals and communitarians and the multiculturalist temptation influence the discussions. But even if the topic of the recognition of cultural identities is of particular interest for the German thinkers, and especially for the heirs of the Frankfurt-School, the North-American communitarianism has not been unreserved accepted. This can be explained by the way the communitarians justify their recourse to the paradigm of recognition. Recognition is in fact opposed to the concept of modern tolerance coming from the Enlightenment, which is considered as passive tolerance and/or an inadequate recognition of equal rights. According to the German philosophers, this constitutes an unjustified reduction of the concept and simplification of the question of political and social integration. This research, by analysing the controversies around tolerance and recognition in the German Enlightenment, aims at explaining this critic of the American communitarianism trough Germans contemporary thinkers and at rendering an adequate image of the progress and limits of tolerance in the Aufklärung. Inversely, the focus on the enlightened concept of tolerance throws light on the contemporary German theories of recognition from Axel Honneth and Rainer Forst as two different ways, despite a common conception of identity based on the Enlightenment, to justify contemporary justice
Hanouille, Nicolas. "Intérêt particulier et intérêt général à l'époque des Lumières." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30090/document.
Full textThe Rule of Law is a group of legal rules which limit the sovereign power and preserve the individual rights. Before the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 established a genuine constitutional authority in France, the natural law legitimized politics. At that time, the economy gave to the interest more importance to individual interest and competition between men became a model for the political organization. While Montesquieu and the political economists combine sovereign authority and the self-expression of the vested interest, Rousseau founded society on political right and identified the general will as the guiding principle of political acts. If political philosophers Montesquieu and Rousseau agreed on the respect of freedom and the safety of people, the former detailed the main methods of political organization and called for a restriction of the executive power while the latter confirmed the all- mighty sovereign. The history of the different philosophical, anthropological, economical and legal inputs allows us to moderate the political influences of Montesquieu and Rousseau on the main themes of vested interest, general interest - discussed nowadays in France by legal experts - without reducing them
Lederman, Jean. "La philosophie des Lumières dans le Biur de Moses Mendelssohn." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0135.
Full textThe philosophy of the Enlightenment in the Biur of Moses Mendelssohn is based upon the hypothesis that through his biblical commentary in hebrew (Biur), Mendelssohn (1729-86) is seeking to enlighten the jew of the ghetto as a man (Mensch) and then to emancipate him as a citizen (Bürger). Using the inductive method, we restored the corpus of the Enlightenment in the Biur, found it's sources and compared it to Mendelssohn's german works written in the same period (1780-83). For Mendelssohn, Enlightenment deals in particular with theory and human rational knowledge which allow a reflection upon the things of life. Most of the themes found in the Biuir - language, optimism, didactism, immortality, ethics, natural religion, criticism and religious freedom - suit that definition. They constitute the chapters of the first section : "MAN". The mid-section, "MAN AND CITIZEN", includes only two chapters and deals with both religion and social integration of the jews. The last section, "THE CITIZEN" has only one chapter and analyses the social integration of the jews
Horga, Ioan. "L'Église gréco-catholique roumaine (uniate) de Transylvanie à l'époque des Lumières. L'évêché d'Oradea (1780-1830)." Reims, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REIML004.
Full textThe Romanian greco-catholic church also named the Romanian church unified with Rome was established between 1697-1701 under the circumstances of the Transylvania's conquest by the Habsburg empire and of the new impulses generated by the contra-reform's penetration in the eastern Europe. A part of the Romanian Orthodox clergy had accepted the four points of the Firenze's council (the recognition of the papal authority the consecrate with the azyme bread the double procession of the saint spirit and the existence of the purgatory). A better social state was obtained in compensation. The Romanian greco-catholic church preserved its structural organisation into an episcopate located in the town of Blaj its rites and the Orthodox saint's days. In the Josephinian epoch the second greco-catholic episcopate which included the Romanians who lived in Hungary was established in the town of Oradea in 1777. This paper deals especially with the political cultural and spiritual evolution of the episcopate from Oradea. Aspects like the contribution of the episcopate of Oradea to the Romanian enlightenment movement and the arise of the national feeling in Transylvania and Hungary are concerned
Glon, Marie. "Les Lumières chorégraphiques : les maîtres de danse européens au cœur d’un phénomène éditorial (1700-1760)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0065.
Full textAt the crossroads between the history of the uses of the written word, the history of cultural exchanges, and the history of the body, this doctoral thesis seeks to understand the publishing phenomenon which spread in Europe from 1700 to c. 1760 about and through Chorégraphie (i. E. "the art of dancing by characters") - following the publication of its principles in Paris, in 1700. Thanks to this scriptural art, hundreds of "dances engraven in characters and figures" were published; they pertained both to writing and to drawing, and were meant to set the user's body into motion. A study of these "dances in characters" brings out novel paths towards the self-reliance of the typical reader-cum-dancer targeted by these objects. It also sheds light on a form of technical thinking typical of the early 18th century, and characterized by a combination of abstraction and craftsmanship: a conceptualization of the dancing body emerged from the most concrete features of the printed material designed as a tool. It also reveals a whole network of exchanges: the aim was to introduce dances, but also breakthrough ideas and techniques, into different geographical and social areas. Indeed, for the dancing masters resorting to it, Chorégraphie was becoming a kind of written lingua franca. By taking hold of the world of print, and setting the conditions for the exercise of critical and collaborative thinking, they were redefining their own assignments and statuses. What we call Choreographic Enlightenment encompasses the various aspects of this phenomenon - the project of getting the body to move, boundaries to move, whether they were geographical, institutional or social, and thoughts to move
Mathieu, Philippe. "Avant que se tarisse la source des Lumières, ou la philosophie éclairée enseignée aux lecteurs du "Journal encyclopédique"." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040370.
Full textThis thesis sets a thematic study of the Journal encyclopédique since its creation in 1756 until 1775, that is as long as Pierre Rousseau personally managed the editorial staff, in liege first, then in bouillon. In order to best apprehend the evolution of principles and methods, as well as to emphasize the permanency, discarding or introduction of some ideas, we have considered five periods of four years each. In each part, we have successively examined the life of the periodical, the journalists' methods, their overt or disguised purposes, the roles of history, philosophy, religion, politics, economy and sciences. Not only did we want to comprehend a philosophy but also its propagation. This way, we make our contribution to the history of the ideas in the eighteenth century, through the perception of changing enlightenment, such as it was discovered by some two thousand journal subscribers. Hence, we can best make out to what extent the readers were dependent on the chief architect's willpower, Pierre Rousseau. After the enthusiasm and vehemence of the age during which his periodical was the reflection of the great Encyclopédie, Pierre Rousseau rapidly showed an insatiable craving for all forms of knowledge, beneath a fictitious moderation, he was so much persuaded of the forcoming and irreparable decline of the age of the enlightenment
Goddard, Jean-Christophe. "Fichte : essai d'une critique de toute révélation 1792-1793 : traduction, notes et commentaires." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100125.
Full textThe author begins his introduction with a short recalling of the exceptional circumstances under wich Fichte first published his attempt at a critique of all revelation which made him know as a philosopher. The author then develops three points in his introduction: 1) he shows how the young Fichte is still under the influence of the German philosophy of the enlightenment, in spite of his adhesion to Kantianism, and he sets out the divergences between the attempt and religion within the limits of reason alone by Kant. 2) He discerns the beginnings of fichteanism in the second paragraph of the second edition, a paragraph which is built up after the manner of a quintuple synthesis and which for the first time brings about the concept of tendency. 3) He analyses the inadequacies of the fifth paragraph of the second edition as regards the problem of intersubjectivity and he thus gives an account for the failure of the only text Fichte ever disowned. The attempt is basically constituted of three parts: 1) a critique, in the Kantian sense of the term, of which the highest point is a transcendental deduction of the concept of revelation. 2) A theory of evil which accounts for the empirical need for revelation. 3) A systematic account of the criteria of the divinity of a revelation. The reader will also find an index glossary of 224 words
Devisme, Samuel. "Les représentations de la justice en France au siècle des lumières (1715-1799) : pour une iconologie globale." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0009.
Full textThere are a lot of numerous and varied pictures of justice in France from 1715 to 1799. They go from the allegory of a woman, often dressed, holding a scale and a sword, or a public execution, capital punishment or not ; to men who go alongside the justice, whether they are judges or criminals. These pictures tell, between the lines, the ideology of the society of which they are contemporary. They are inspired from the artistic tradition, out of the past centuries, literature, philosophy and law. . . They are the testimony of what the French people from the Enlightenment Century thought of justice as well as what the institution' wanted to show of itself. From the divinity Themis to Salomon, from the gallows to the guillotine, from the most hateful criminal to the most powerful judge, and to the king, a whole artistic universe is rising. In this universe, the refinement of the justice rooms in parliaments, the modesty of the local justice rooms, the elegance of the judge's robe, and the vulgarity of the darkest criminal are meeting all together. A lot of artistic techniques - paintings, drawings, engravings, sculptures, architectures, decorative arts, graffiti - as well as a lot of artistic genres — allegories, scenes that can be religious, mythological, historical or from daily life, portraits, caricatures. . . - are present. From Hyacinthe Rigaud to Edme Bouchardon, from Louis XV to Robespierre, from Cartouche to Damiens, from the execution of Denies to Marie Antoinette's one, the figurations of justice throughout the Enlightenment Century are numerous. However, they're all part of a specific, meaningful iconography that this study stands out, emphasizes and analyses