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Academic literature on the topic 'Dravidian and Hindi'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Dravidian and Hindi"

1

Schokker, G. H., and A. Govindankutty Menon. "Linguistic convergence: the Tamil–Hindi auxiliaries." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53, no. 2 (June 1990): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00026070.

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The subject of the Indianization of the Indian languages has occupied the thoughts of scholars for more than a century. But during the last four decades it has become a field of intensive investigation. The study of the process of convergence in the Indie area began with a hesitant study of common lexical items in Indo-Aryan, Dravidian and Munda. The initial conviction was that grammatical traits may not travel across genetic boundaries. However, scholars like Kuiper and Emeneau not only proved the contrary but also laid the foundation for future research on the ‘unexpected’ structural similarities among the above–mentioned three major language families of the Indian subcontinent.
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Nault, Derrick M. "English in India’s National Development: Hindi-Dravidian Politics and the Retention of a Colonial Language." Asian Englishes 15, no. 1 (June 2012): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2012.10801320.

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3

Ranasinghe, Tharindu, and Marcos Zampieri. "An Evaluation of Multilingual Offensive Language Identification Methods for the Languages of India." Information 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12080306.

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The pervasiveness of offensive content in social media has become an important reason for concern for online platforms. With the aim of improving online safety, a large number of studies applying computational models to identify such content have been published in the last few years, with promising results. The majority of these studies, however, deal with high-resource languages such as English due to the availability of datasets in these languages. Recent work has addressed offensive language identification from a low-resource perspective, exploring data augmentation strategies and trying to take advantage of existing multilingual pretrained models to cope with data scarcity in low-resource scenarios. In this work, we revisit the problem of low-resource offensive language identification by evaluating the performance of multilingual transformers in offensive language identification for languages spoken in India. We investigate languages from different families such as Indo-Aryan (e.g., Bengali, Hindi, and Urdu) and Dravidian (e.g., Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada), creating important new technology for these languages. The results show that multilingual offensive language identification models perform better than monolingual models and that cross-lingual transformers show strong zero-shot and few-shot performance across languages.
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4

Rodriques ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo, Laurentius Nicholas. "COMPARISON OF FORMS AND TECTONICS OF OLD CLASSICAL ERA HINDU TEMPLE IN JAVA WITH HINDU TEMPLES OF PALLAVA ERA IN SOUTH INDIA." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 4, no. 03 (May 30, 2020): 306–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v4i03.3934.306-323.

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Abstract- Hindu temples in Java and Hindu temples in South India, often receive attention in the world of architecture due to the similarity of the Dravidian Architecture style of the temple in both places. The similarities are marked by the shape of a layered pyramid roof, yet it is not exactly similar if we observe all the architecture features and elements. The author tries to simplify the comparison of form and tectonics as seen from the general tectonic division of a building which are the feet, body and head. From the findings, it can be concluded that there are similarities in the 'basic idea' or 'initial image' of Hindu temple buildings in both places. However, after careful review of the form and tectonics in both places, they have their own unrelated characteristics. This study shows a unique relationship between the architecture of the Javanese Hindu Temple and South India where the relationship that occurs cannot be said to be one of the parties influencing the other party or vice versa. The findings from this study actually show the thick characteristics of each place. The distinguishing factor could be due to differences in nature, preferences, culture or technology at the two locations in that era. Even though Hinduism is a religion that originated from India, it seems that in terms of architecture it cannot be said that Javanese copied Indian Hindu architecture. This research shows that the architecture of Hindu temples has a common thread that binds to its basic principles, but the results of design processing will differ depending on the context and design. Key Words: temple, temple, Hindu, Javanese, South Indian, Form, Tectonic
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5

Hutton, Christopher. "Lost in the hall of mirrors." Language, Culture and Society 1, no. 1 (April 12, 2019): 8–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lcs.00002.hut.

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Abstract The category Aryan and the paradigm of ideas associated with it remains highly controversial in contemporary India, and the history, status, and impact of this concept are contested at many levels. This paper starts with the assumption that the genesis of this concept lies in Western linguistic theorizing, and analyzes in outline the reception and impact of Aryan Invasion Theory and the postulation of an Aryan-Dravidian divide. Radical Hindu nationalists reject all aspects of the colonial scholarship of India; other Indian scholars see Western scholarship as authoritative to the extent that it falls within the framework of secular modernity. The argument made here is that the entire Aryan paradigm rests on a faulty set of academic presumptions and that its impact has been more long lasting and destructive than even the application of race theory to the understanding of India. In this sense the paper accepts the criticisms made by radical Hindu nationalists of colonial linguistics, and this raises further complex issues about knowledge production and application, scholarly expertise and authority.
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6

Bergunder, Michael. "Contested past." Historiographia Linguistica 31, no. 1 (July 30, 2004): 59–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.1.05ber.

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Summary During the British colonial regime in the 19th century Western Indologists and missionaries, with the participation of the indigenous scholars who controlled traditional systems of knowledge, formed models for the description of early religious history which was especially inspired by linguistic ideas whose central concept was the so-called ‘Aryan immigration’ into Northern India. This Orientalist historiography concerning events that lay back several thousand years found its way into political and religious discourse in one form or another. These projections developed into highly significant ingredients of the various political, ethnic, and religious movements and parties, such as the Dravidian Movement or the Nationalist Hindu groupings. The present paper tries to map out the corner stones of modern-day discourses concerning Indian pre- and early history which has developed into something of a veritable battle about the past..
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7

Havanje, Janardhan Rao, and Caroline D’Souza. "Kaavi Kalé: The indigenous architectural ornamentation technique of the Konkan Coast, India." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.365.

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At the foothills of the formidable Western Ghats of India lies a coastal strip of land, the Konkan Coast, which forms part of the extended coastline along the west coast of the country. The unique culture found in the Konkan coastal landscape has produced a magnificent ornamental style named Kaavi Kalé. Kaavi, or kavé, means in this context “red oxide”, while kalé means “art form”. It is fundamentally an incised work performed on an architectural surface that has been previously finished with lime plaster and then a red oxide layer over it. This forms elaborate murals and motifs inspired by the unique folklore of Dravidian culture. Although predominantly found in Hindu temples, this secular art form can also be seen in churches, a mosque, Jain temples and folk deity temples, as well as in domestic architecture. This paper presents the history of the art form, its techniques, a brief iconographic study of its compositions and possible methods of conservation, through accounts of extensive primary surveys and on-site experiments and a study of secondary sources.
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8

Binumol Tom. "The Physicality and Spirituality of the Hindu Temples of Kerala." Creative Space 1, no. 2 (January 6, 2014): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2014.12004.

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Every culture can stir a type of architecture that can range from landmarks to everyday homes. History has proved that the various architectural styles have developed in response to climate, lifestyle, geology and geography of a place, religious philosophy of the people and availability of building materials. Religion and lifestyle seem to be the most common influences overall. Culture, in fact, underlines the important role that economics, politics, religion, heritage and the natural environment play in shaping the built environment. Kerala (the southern-most state of India), the land of temples appears unique in this context as the temples here were the pivot of religious, social, economic and cultural life of every Keralite. The typical Hindu temples of Kerala stand out from among the Indian temple typology in its form, structural clarity, stylistic tradition, symbolism and above all, in its construction and craftsmanship in wood. They show a distinctive style which is a local adaptation of the Dravida or the South Indian tradition of temple construction, considerably influenced by the various geographical, religious, cultural and political factors. Most of the temples of Kerala are traditionally neighborhood institutions of worship, rich in both tangible and intangible cultural values. The spatiality of Kerala temples follows the general Indian philosophical concepts of the centre, axis and the human relatedness to cosmic reality, while its implementation in the built form follows the Vedic religious practices. This paper attempts to explore the evolution of the generic built form of temples of Kerala and the philosophical and spatial concepts of their architecture.
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9

Jain, Sushma. "TRIBAL ORGAN DRAWING ART - TATTOO." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i11.2019.900.

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English : The wild race or tribe is known by the name of primitive, tribal, Vanvasi Girijan Scheduled Tribe, these are called primitive or tribal because they are considered to be the oldest inhabitants of India. These people used to live here before the arrival of the Dravidians in India. What is primitive culture after all? Efforts are being made to know, understand the primitive culture all over the world, the more we have learned about the primitive groups, the more are left to learn more. Regardless of how civilized and modern we have become today, but it is true that even today the number of tribals in our society is two-thirds. If we look at the history of the primitive groups adopting their own personal culture and way of life, then the tribal society, unlike the society, lived life with its primitive energy and power in every situation. Hindi : वन्य जाति या जनजाति को आदिम, आदिवासी, वनवासी गिरिजन अनुसूचित जनजाति के नामों से जाना जाता है, इन्हें हम आदिम या आदिवासी इसलिए कहते हैं, क्योंकि ये भारत के सबसे प्राचीनतम निवासी माने जाते हैं । भारत में द्रविडों के आगमन से पूर्व यहाँ ये ही लोग निवास करते थे। आदिम संस्कृति आखिर है क्या ? आदिम संस्कृति को जानने, समझने का प्रयत्न संपूर्ण विश्व में हो रहा है, जितने पहलु हमने आदिम समूहों के बारे में जान लिए हैं, उतने ही और भी जानने के लिए शेष बचे हैं । भले ही हम आज कितने ही सभ्य और आधुनिक कहलाने लगे हैं, लेकिन यह सत्य है कि, हमारे समाज में आज भी आदिवासियों की संख्या दो तिहाई है1 । अपनी निजी संस्कृति एवं जीवन पद्धति को अपनाये आदिम समूहों के इतिहास को देखें तो लोग समाज के समानान्तर आदिवासी समाज भी हर परिस्थिति में अपनी आदिम ऊर्जा और शक्ति के साथ जीवन जीता रहा ।
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10

Chowdhury, Bodhisattwa, Debojyoti Bhattacharyya, Deepti Majumdar, and Dhurjati Majumdar. "Effect of Dravidian vernacular, English and Hindi during onscreen reading text: A physiological, subjective and objective evaluation study." Journal of Eye Movement Research 8, no. 2 (July 30, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.16910/jemr.8.2.4.

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Multilingualism has become an integral part of our present lifestyle. India has twenty two registered official languages with English and Hindi being most widely used for all official activities across the nation. As both these languages are introduced later in life, it was hypothesised that comprehensive reading will be better and faster if the native medium was used. Therefore present study aimed to evaluate the differences in performance while using one of the four Indian Dravidian vernaculars (Tamil, Telugu Kannada and Malayalam) and two non-vernacular (English and Hindi) languages for onscreen reading task. A multi-dimensional approach including physiological (Eye movement recording), subjective (Language Experience And Proficiency Questionnaire, LEAP-Q, Legibility rating) and Objective (Reading time and Word processing rate) measurements were used to quantify the effects. Forty-four Indian infantry soldiers from each of the Dravidian language groups participated in the study. Volunteers read aloud two simple story passages onscreen in their respective vernacular and non-vernacular languages using both time bound and self-paced reading mode. Reading time was lower and word processing rate was higher respectively in case of vernacular than non-vernacular. Consideration of fixation count in both the modes of reading indicated better performance with vernaculars. Legibility score was better in Dravidian languages than others. Results indicated that reading text was faster in vernacular media followed by English and Hindi. Use of vernaculars in onscreen text display of high density workstation may therefore be recommended for easier and faster comprehension
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Books on the topic "Dravidian and Hindi"

1

1899, Śukla Ramāśaṅkara b., ed. English-Hindi, Hindi-English: With romanized pronunciation. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1995.

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Gover, Charles E. The folk-songs of Southern India. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1999.

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B, Kanuga G., and Kanuga Leela, eds. Śrī Rāmacaritamānasa =: Shri Ramcharitamanasa : Hindi-Avadhi language. New Delhi: Muni Bhagwan Kanungo Charitable Society, 2000.

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Tulasīdāsa. Śrī Rāmacaritamānasa =: Shri Ramcharitamanasa : Hindi-Avadhi language. New Delhi: Muni Bhagwan Kanungo Charitable Society, 2000.

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Tulasīdāsa. Sri Ramacharitamanasa, or, the manasa lake brimming over with the exploits of Sri Rama: With Hindi text and English translation. Gorakhpur: Gita Press, 1991.

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Intirapālā, Kārttikēcu. Ilaṅkaiyil Tirāviṭak kaṭṭiṭakkalai: Oru varalār̲r̲u ar̲imukam. 2nd ed. Cen̲n̲ai: Kumaran̲ Papḷiṣars, 1999.

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Celvarācu, Cilampu Nā. Vaḷḷi Murukan̲ val̲ipāṭu: Mīṭṭuruvākkam. Putuccēri: Kāran̲ēṣan̲ Patippakam, 1992.

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Śāmarāv, Pulumati. Vijayanagarada kale mattu sāhitya. Beṅgaḷūru: Karnāṭaka Sarkāra, Kannaḍa mattu Saṃskr̥ti Ilākhe, 2014.

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Ki, Ācān̲ Ku Ve. Mol̲i urimai. 3rd ed. Kōvai: Pūṅkun̲r̲an̲ Patippakam, 1987.

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Nazir, Hassan, and Central Institute of Indian Languages., eds. An introduction to Urdu script: Reading and writing. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dravidian and Hindi"

1

"Dravidian Hindi in South Africa: An Historical Variety." In The Yearbook of South Asian Languages and Linguistics (2000), edited by Rajendra Singh, Probal Dasgupta, and K. P. Mohanan. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110245257.49.

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Slade, Benjamin. "Development of verb-verb complexes in Indo-Aryan." In Verb-Verb Complexes in Asian Languages, 249–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759508.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses the historical development and properties of verb-verb compounds in Indo-Aryan, with reference to verb-verb compounds in Dravidian. The history of modern Indo-Aryan verb-verb compounds is explored, including an examination of the precursors of such constructions in early Indo-Aryan, as well as the apparent earliest examples in late Middle and early modern Indo-Aryan. A number of morphosyntactic and lexical differences between verb-verb structures in different modern Indo-Aryan languages are examined, focusing particularly on differences between Hindi and Nepali. The larger picture of South Asian verb-verb compounds is examined through comparison of lexical inventories of Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages, with some evidence pointing to independent developments within South Asia, with some later partial convergence.
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