To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Dravidian Architecture.
Journal articles on the topic 'Dravidian Architecture'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 21 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Dravidian Architecture.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Anil, Ar Seema. "Emerging Architectural Paradigms in South Indian Temples: A Chronological Analysis." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 12 (December 30, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27853.
Full textAbstract:
This research delves into the intricate evolution of Indian temple architecture, spanning centuries of cultural and religious transformations. Originating in the Vedic/Aryan civilization, worship centered on natural elements with a simple square altar. A pivotal shift occurred with the introduction of idol worship, marking the genesis of temple architecture evolution. Initially, rock-cut structures featured a garbagriha and semi-open portico, retaining the windowless garbagriha from rock-cut temples. The Chalukya era saw experimentation, notably at Durga in Aihole and Pattadakal, earning the latter the title "Cradle of temple architecture" due to Nagara and Dravida style exploration. Pallavas contributed to the Dravidian vimana prototype, as seen in Mahabalipuram's monolithic rathas. Cholas refined the vimana, erecting the Brihadeshwara temple in Tanjore with a mortar-less construction. Pandyas added Gopurams, reflecting emotional ties. Hoysalas introduced star temples with intricate carvings, featuring single to multiple garbagrihas in various styles. The Vijayanagara era introduced Amman temples and Kalyana mantapas. Nayakas refined Dravidian architecture with concentric prakaras and tall gopurams. In the 20th century, transformative shifts like the Isha Center in Coimbatore embody inclusivity, challenging traditions, and fostering diverse spiritual environments. Key Words: Indian temple architecture, Cultural transformations, religious evolution, vedic/Aryan civilization, rock-cut structures.
2
Yalala, Shivanand. "Unique Features of Dravidian Architecture in India: A Retrospect." Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (2019): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5828.2019.00083.4.
Full text
3
Dalpati, Rachita. "A Study of Vernacular Architecture of Tamil Nadu." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 4, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30030.
Full textAbstract:
This research study examines the rich legacy of vernacular architecture in Tamil Nadu, India, with an emphasis on its historical relevance, architectural features, and sustainable practices. Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture has a wide spectrum of forms, from major Dravidian temples to simple the village houses. These structures provide not just functional needs, but also represent the communities' cultural identity and religious values. Furthermore, vernacular architecture in Tamil Nadu is highly sensitive to the local environment, with buildings planned to maximize natural ventilation, lighting, and thermal comfort. Traditional building materials like lime, timber, and terracotta are supplied locally, reducing environmental effects, and encouraging sustainability. Focusing on historical documents and academic research this study investigates the cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental influences that have impacted Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture throughout the centuries. It also examines the current relevance of traditional architectural techniques in the context of growing urbanization and industrialization, highlighting the importance of maintaining and incorporating indigenous knowledge into sustainable development initiatives. Through case studies and comparative research, the article emphasizes the adaptability of Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture, as well as its potential contributions to modern architectural discourse and sustainable design practices. Keywords- Vernacular, architecture, climate responsiveness, sustainability, Tamil Nadu, South India, courtyard, Chettinad.
4
Branfoot, Crispin. "Architectural knowledge and the ‘Dravidian’ temple in colonial Madras Presidency." Architectural Research Quarterly 26, no. 1 (March 2022): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135522000343.
Full textAbstract:
In around 1912 Gabriel Jouveau-Dubreuil, a young science teacher from French colonial Pondicherry in South India, visited the nearby town of Cuddalore in order to inspect the construction of a new Hindu temple. Since arriving in South India in 1909 he had been travelling to many temples and archaeological sites in order to understand the history of South Indian art. The modern temple that he visited in a suburb of Cuddalore at Tiruppappuliyur was not in fact new but a wholesale renovation of a nine-hundred-year-old shrine on a site sacred to Tamil Shaivas. This was just one of the many temples substantially rebuilt from the 1890s to the 1930s under the patronage of a wealthy merchant community, the Nattukkottai Chettiars, at a time of religious revival and growing Tamil cultural nationalism. The Nattukkottai Chettiars came from the villages and towns of Chettinadu, an arid region in southern Madras Presidency. This region was significant not only for being the provenance of the most prolific patrons of South Indian temple architecture in colonial Madras Presidency but also their builders, for many of the architects and craftsmen working on the temple at Tiruppappuliyur were from villages in Chettinadu. One of these men, M. S. Swaminathan of Pillaiyarpatti, was Jouveau-Dubreuil’s chief informant, one of the many ‘natives’ who were a critical and inextricable element of colonial knowledge production. The understanding of formal composition and terminology that Jouveau-Dubreuil learnt from contemporary architects and craftsmen and his observations of the evolution of architectural design contributed towards the first study of the Tamil temple for both a scholarly and wider public audience from the very earliest monuments of the seventh century through to those currently under construction. This article explores this architectural ‘renaissance’ in colonial Madras Presidency under Chettiar patronage and evaluates modern temple design through the pioneering scholarship of Jouveau-Dubreuil and his contemporaries.
5
Ramalingam, Arulraj. "Review on Ancient Tamil Architecture: A Immortal Heritage of Creativity and Artistic Perfection." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v11i4.7348.
Full textAbstract:
Ancient Tamil architecture spans millennia, and it is an acknowledgement of the rich cultural and creative legacy of the Tamil people and Tamil community. Originating from the Sangam period (300 BCE to 300 CE) the architecture of Tamil Nadu is deeply intertwined with the rich cultural, social, and political developments that shaped the region over centuries. The architectural legacy of Tamil Nadu, best known for its Dravidian-style temples, has taken shape throughout different periods, leaving a unique imprint on the terrain. Also, ancient Tamil architecture is characterized by its use of granite, delicate carvings, mandapa (pillared hall), vimanas, ornate detailing, and deep spiritual and religious meanings. These ancient temples act as cosmic blueprints, outlining cosmology and showing the soul’s journey to enlightenment. However, these historical sites are under threat from urbanization, environmental degradation, and neglect. Conservation and preservation initiatives are vital for preserving cultural heritage places. In this review article, will help to learn how Tamil architects continue to be inspired by the creative structural components, elaborate carvings, and spiritual symbols found in Tamil temples, thereby contributing to the preservation or evolution of Tamil architectural traditions.
6
Havanje, Janardhan Rao, and Caroline D’Souza. "Kaavi Kalé: The indigenous architectural ornamentation technique of the Konkan Coast, India." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.365.
Full textAbstract:
At the foothills of the formidable Western Ghats of India lies a coastal strip of land, the Konkan Coast, which forms part of the extended coastline along the west coast of the country. The unique culture found in the Konkan coastal landscape has produced a magnificent ornamental style named Kaavi Kalé. Kaavi, or kavé, means in this context “red oxide”, while kalé means “art form”. It is fundamentally an incised work performed on an architectural surface that has been previously finished with lime plaster and then a red oxide layer over it. This forms elaborate murals and motifs inspired by the unique folklore of Dravidian culture. Although predominantly found in Hindu temples, this secular art form can also be seen in churches, a mosque, Jain temples and folk deity temples, as well as in domestic architecture. This paper presents the history of the art form, its techniques, a brief iconographic study of its compositions and possible methods of conservation, through accounts of extensive primary surveys and on-site experiments and a study of secondary sources.
7
Rodriques ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo, Laurentius Nicholas. "COMPARISON OF FORMS AND TECTONICS OF OLD CLASSICAL ERA HINDU TEMPLE IN JAVA WITH HINDU TEMPLES OF PALLAVA ERA IN SOUTH INDIA." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 4, no. 03 (May 30, 2020): 306–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v4i03.3934.306-323.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract- Hindu temples in Java and Hindu temples in South India, often receive attention in the world of architecture due to the similarity of the Dravidian Architecture style of the temple in both places. The similarities are marked by the shape of a layered pyramid roof, yet it is not exactly similar if we observe all the architecture features and elements. The author tries to simplify the comparison of form and tectonics as seen from the general tectonic division of a building which are the feet, body and head. From the findings, it can be concluded that there are similarities in the 'basic idea' or 'initial image' of Hindu temple buildings in both places. However, after careful review of the form and tectonics in both places, they have their own unrelated characteristics. This study shows a unique relationship between the architecture of the Javanese Hindu Temple and South India where the relationship that occurs cannot be said to be one of the parties influencing the other party or vice versa. The findings from this study actually show the thick characteristics of each place. The distinguishing factor could be due to differences in nature, preferences, culture or technology at the two locations in that era. Even though Hinduism is a religion that originated from India, it seems that in terms of architecture it cannot be said that Javanese copied Indian Hindu architecture. This research shows that the architecture of Hindu temples has a common thread that binds to its basic principles, but the results of design processing will differ depending on the context and design. Key Words: temple, temple, Hindu, Javanese, South Indian, Form, Tectonic
8
Karthik, S. Jai, Shajith Anoop, R. Suresh Kumar, and M. V. Usha Rani. "Predictors for Gingival Index in Middle-Aged Asian Indians with Type 2 Diabetes from South India: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study." Scientific World Journal 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9081572.
Full textAbstract:
Asian Indians develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) much earlier as compared to White Caucasians, due to unique phenotypic and genetic architecture. Periodontitis in T2DM patients is often a neglected clinical feature. This study was conducted to derive predictor variables for gingival index in middle-aged Asian Indians with T2DM in a semiurban population of Dravidian ethnicity from Tamil Nadu, India. T2DM patients (n=232, mean age:50.6±10.4years) with periodontitis (n=123, mean age:54.3±2.4years) and without periodontitis (n=109, mean age:55.2±3.1years) were recruited between 2014 and 2016 by purposive sampling method. Dental examinations for pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were performed and gingival index was calculated. Fasting venous blood samples were analysed for measures of glycaemia and cholesterol. Significant positive correlation (p<0.01) was observed for gingival index with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), pocket depth, presence of T2DM, and clinical attachment level. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis derived increased pocket depth (p<0.01), elevated HbA1c (p<0.01), clinical attachment level (p<0.01), and presence of diabetes (p<0.01) as significant predictors (r2value = 0.67) for increased gingival index in middle aged patients with T2DM. These variables significantly (p<0.01) predispose middle-aged T2DM patients to increased gingival index, thus warranting appropriate intervention.
9
Mahbub, Ehsanul. "UNRAVELING BANGLADESH'S CULTURAL EVOLUTION IN THE LIGHT OF ITS ISLAMIC MIDDLE AGES: BRIDGING HISTORIES." Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55327/jaash.v10i1.319.
Full textAbstract:
This research explores Bangladesh's historical and cultural evolution, specifically during its Islamic Middle Ages (1204–1757). Despite cultural affinities with the Indian subcontinent, Bangladesh's unique geographical features and diverse ethnographic amalgamation are often overlooked in prevailing narratives. The study seeks to uncover how Islam shaped the country's cultural identity during this historical period, addressing existing literature gaps and emphasising Muslims' contributions to Bangladesh's evolution. The research employs systematic observation, evaluation, and documentation using a qualitative approach with intercultural and phenomenological perspectives in religious studies. Drawing on historical, anthropological, linguistic, and archaeological disciplines, the descriptive method forms the basis of the study, incorporating a comprehensive compilation of materials from various sources. The findings highlight Bangladesh's multi-heritage identity, shaped by a complex intermingling of Dravidian, Australoid, Mongolian, and Aryan bloodlines. Islamic rulers were crucial in fostering a prosperous civilisation, contributing to language, literature, cuisine, costume design, and architecture advancements. Religion, particularly the advent of Islam, played a significant role in liberating the populace from oppressive structures. The research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of Bangladesh's historical and cultural evolution, emphasising the significance of diverse heritage and the role of religion in shaping identity. The study aims to foster unity and progress within the nation by addressing existing gaps.
10
Bakshi, Aarti, and Sunil Kumar Kopparapu. "A GMM supervector approach for spoken Indian language identification for mismatch utterance length." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i2.2861.
Full textAbstract:
Gaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM UBM) supervectors are used to identify spoken Indian languages. The supervectors are calculated from short-time MFCC, its first and sec derivatives. The UBM builds a generalized Indian language model, and mean adaptation transforms it to a duration normalized language-specific GMM. Multi-class support vector machine and artificial neural network classifiers are used to identify language labels from the supervectors. Experimental evaluations are performed using 30 sec speech utterances from nine Indian languages comprised five Indo-Aryan and four Dravidian languages, extracted from all India radio broadcast news data-set. Eight smaller duration data-sets were manually derived to study the effect of training and test duration mismatch. In mismatch conditions, identification accuracy decreases with a decrease in test and train utterance duration. Investigations showed that the 32-mixture model with ANN classifier has optimal performance.
11
Sharma, Krishna Kant, and Aanchal. "Historical survey of main temples of Garhmukteshwar tehsil." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 5 (May 16, 2022): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i05.024.
Full textAbstract:
Garhmukteshwar is a very ancient city and tehsil located in Hapur district of Uttar Pradesh state of India. It is said that this place was a part of the ancient city Hastinapur, the capital of the Kauravas. Due to its proximity to Delhi, Garhmukteshwar has always been a victim of invaders, due to which the ancient temples located here were destroyed and the architecture of those that remain is influenced by Mughal architecture. For centuries, religion has had a prominent place in the life of the people of India. There has been nothing like religion and for the sake of religious rituals, it was considered to create some such permanent things so that this religion remains immortal for ages. Temples in India are symbols of this religion, which have been called Devkul, Devgriha, Devayatan etc. in ancient texts, which means the place of residence of the deity. Initially the temples were very simple but with the passage of time and due to the kings presenting their grandeur, the temples started becoming very beautiful and grand and there was a difference in their style according to the regions, like the temples of North India are in Nagar style. And the temples of South India started being built in Dravidian style. In the area between these two, there was a mixture of both the styles which is called Besar style. At present, very ancient and historical temples are located in India. But there are many temples whose historicity and antiquity are yet to be ascertained. Taking this work forward, the temples of Garhmukteshwar tehsil located in Hapur district of Uttar Pradesh state are being described here. A very ancient temple is situated here. Whose historicity goes back to the Mahabharata period. Ancient and historical temples like Ganga Temple, Ganmukteshwar Temple, Jharkhandeshwar Temple, Sahadeshwar Temple, Tapeshwari Temple etc. are still located in Garhmukteshwar tehsil. Abstract in Hindi Language: भारत के उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य के हापुड़ जिले में स्थित गढ़मुक्तेश्वर एक अति-प्राचीन नगर व तहसील है। ऐसा कहा जाता है कि यह स्थान कौरवों की राजधानी प्राचीन नगर हस्तिनापुर का एक भाग था। गढ़मुक्तेश्वर दिल्ली के निकट होने के कारण हमेशा आक्रान्ताओं का शिकार होता रहा जिस कारण यहाँ पर स्थित प्राचीन मन्दिर नष्ट हो गये एवं जो बचे हुए है उनकी वास्तुकला, मुगल वास्तुकला से प्रभावित है। सदियों से भारत के जन-जीवन में धर्म का प्रमुख स्थान रहा है धर्म के समान कुछ भी नहीं रहा है एवं धार्मिक अनुष्ठानों के निमित्त ही कुछ ऐसी स्थायी वस्तुओ का निर्माण करने पर विचार किया गया जिससे यह धर्म युग-युगान्तर तक अमर रहे। भारत मंे मन्दिर इसी धर्म के प्रतीक है जिन्हे प्राचीन ग्रन्थों में देवकुल, देवगृह, देवायतन आदि कहा गया है जिसका अर्थ होता है, देवता के निवास का स्थान। शुरू में मन्दिर बहुत ही साधारण होते थे लेकिन समय के साथ-साथ तथा राजाओं के अपना वैभव प्रस्तुत करने के कारण मन्दिर बहुत ही सुन्दर व भव्य बनने लगे तथा क्षेत्रों के अनुरूप इनकी शैली में भी अन्तर आ गया जैसे उत्तर भारत के मन्दिर नागर शैली में तथा दक्षिण भारत के मन्दिर द्रविड़ शैली में बनने लगे। इन दोनों के मध्य वाले क्षेत्र में दोनों शैलियों का मिश्रण रहा जिसे बेसर शैली कहा गया है। भारत देश मंे वर्तमान में बहुत ही प्राचीन एवं ऐतिहासिक मन्दिर स्थित है। लेकिन बहुत से मन्दिर ऐसे है जिनकी ऐतिहासिकता एवं प्राचीनता का पता लगाना अभी बाकी है। इसी कार्य को आगे बढ़ाते हुए यहाँ पर उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य के हापुड़ जनपद में स्थित गढ़मुक्तेश्वर तहसील के मन्दिरों का वर्णन किया जा रहा है। यहाँ पर अति प्राचीन मन्दिर स्थित है। जिनकी ऐतिहासिकता महाभारत काल तक जाती है। गढ़मुक्तेश्वर तहसील में गंगा मन्दिर, गणमुक्तेश्वर मन्दिर, झारखण्डेश्वर मन्दिर, सहदेश्वर मन्दिर, तपेश्वरी मन्दिर आदि प्राचीन एवं ऐतिहासिक मन्दिर आज भी स्थित है। Keywords: अनुष्ठान, मन्दिर, गढ़मुक्तेश्वर, वास्तुकला, ऐतिहासिकता, गुम्बद, प्रतिमा, अष्टकोणीय, चतुष्कोणीय, कलश
12
Mrs.Deepa Rani. "True glimpses of Southern Sub-Continents of the India." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 8, no. 2 (2024): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2024.v08i02.006.
Full textAbstract:
India is an Integral part of the Asian continent and it is the second largest country in this. Bharath is acknowledges world -wide for its unique peculiarities amalgamated with Tasty food, Good medicine, vast culture, noble literature, Marvelous Building Architecture Adventure. Southern States here are advanced developed fully equipped with sophisticated Technology. People lived in the six regions including Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Kerala and Union Territory Puddichhery, Culture, Tradition, festivals and rituals enjoyed commonly. Languages spoken Telugu, Tamil, Tulu, Malayalam. Religious harmony co- existed as Hindu, Islam, and Christianity etc. Precisely know as Dravidians.
13
Binumol Tom. "The Physicality and Spirituality of the Hindu Temples of Kerala." Creative Space 1, no. 2 (January 6, 2014): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2014.12004.
Full textAbstract:
Every culture can stir a type of architecture that can range from landmarks to everyday homes. History has proved that the various architectural styles have developed in response to climate, lifestyle, geology and geography of a place, religious philosophy of the people and availability of building materials. Religion and lifestyle seem to be the most common influences overall. Culture, in fact, underlines the important role that economics, politics, religion, heritage and the natural environment play in shaping the built environment. Kerala (the southern-most state of India), the land of temples appears unique in this context as the temples here were the pivot of religious, social, economic and cultural life of every Keralite. The typical Hindu temples of Kerala stand out from among the Indian temple typology in its form, structural clarity, stylistic tradition, symbolism and above all, in its construction and craftsmanship in wood. They show a distinctive style which is a local adaptation of the Dravida or the South Indian tradition of temple construction, considerably influenced by the various geographical, religious, cultural and political factors. Most of the temples of Kerala are traditionally neighborhood institutions of worship, rich in both tangible and intangible cultural values. The spatiality of Kerala temples follows the general Indian philosophical concepts of the centre, axis and the human relatedness to cosmic reality, while its implementation in the built form follows the Vedic religious practices. This paper attempts to explore the evolution of the generic built form of temples of Kerala and the philosophical and spatial concepts of their architecture.
14
Sinha, Ajay J., and Adam Hardy. "Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation, the Karnata Dravida Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries." Artibus Asiae 58, no. 3/4 (1999): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3250027.
Full text
15
Kumar, Vinod. "Art and Architecture: North India and South India." Studies in Art and Architecture 3, no. 2 (June 2024): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/saa.2024.06.27.
Full textAbstract:
The centuries between the eighth and the thirteenth stand out rather prominently from the point of view of the making of cultural traditions in India. The most arresting feature of these traditions is regionalism, which gets reflected in every sphere, whether it be the formation of political power or the development of arts or the transformations in languages and literature or even religious manifestations. In very general terms, the emergence of regional cultural units such as Andhra, Assam, Bengal, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, etc. was the outcome of significant material changes. The pace of agrarian changes and the developments in the non-agrarian sector were setting the tone of feudal socio-economic formation. The political structure was deeply affected by these developments. It should, not, therefore, surprise us if the cultural ethos too got permeated by similar strains. The Mudrarakshasa, a play written in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta and generally ascribed to the fifth century, speaks of different regions whose inhabitants differ in customs, clothing and language. The identity of some kind of sub-national groups is recognized by the Chinese pilgrim Hieun-Tsang who visited India in the first half of the seventh century and mentions several nationalities. The Kuvalayamala, a Jain text of the eighth century and largely concerned with western India, notes the existence of 18 major nationalities and describes the anthropological character of sixteen peoples, pointing out their psychological features and citing the examples of their language. The Brahma Vaivarta Purana, ascribed to the thirteenth century Bengal explicates deshabheda — differences based on regions/territories. This feature is reflected in art and architecture as well. We see the emergence of various regional traditions and it was during this time that different architectural languages such as Nagara, Dravida and Vesara matured. In this research article begin survey by looking at the various types of architectural styles and art traditions.
16
Naibaho, Polin DR. "KAJIAN TIPOLOGI KUIL HINDU TAMIL PADA BANGUNAN GRAHA KATOLIK ANNAI VELANGKANNI DI MEDAN." ALUR : Jurnal Arsitektur 3, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54367/alur.v3i1.676.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to identify the typology of Tamil Hindu temples were used on the architectural design of Graha Katolik Annai Velangkanni. As for the results of the research are Graha Katolik Annai Velangkanni adopted a form of Dravidian Tamil Hindu typology Style located in South India, with a pyramid-shaped tower with a shrink over the stair steps. It has seven levels of the building that symbolizes perfection and seven heavens, as well as three dome that symbolizes to Holy Trinity. One of the uniqueness in adopting the form of the Hindu Tamil Temple is in the zone of the altar (2nd floor), there is the opening up penetrate to the rear Tower as a place to enter the light from above so that the space feels more sacred altar with its natural lighting from the top of the tower. This typology is drawn from the concept of typology building Hindu temples namely space garbaha griha who continuously to the tower roof of vemana. The adoption of the other elements is taken from the form of animals (Peacock) and plants (Lotus, kalpataru and banana trees) where the ornaments found in the temples of Shrie Mariamman is a person (God), animals (elephants, birds) and plants (Lotus)
17
Hande, Adeep, Siddhanth U. Hegde, and Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi. "Multi-task learning in under-resourced Dravidian languages." Journal of Data, Information and Management, June 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42488-022-00070-w.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIt is challenging to obtain extensive annotated data for under-resourced languages, so we investigate whether it is beneficial to train models using multi-task learning. Sentiment analysis and offensive language identification share similar discourse properties. The selection of these tasks is motivated by the lack of large labelled data for user-generated code-mixed datasets. This paper works with code-mixed YouTube comments for Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada languages. Our framework is applicable to other sequence classification problems irrespective to the size of the datasets. Experiments show that our multi-task learning model can achieve high results compared to single-task learning while reducing the time and space constraints required to train the models on individual tasks. Analysis of fine-tuned models indicates the preference of multi-task learning over single task learning resulting in a higher weighted F1 score on all three languages. We apply two multi-task learning approaches to three Dravidian languages, Kannada, Malayalam, and Tamil. Maximum scores on Kannada and Malayalam were achieved by mBERT subjected to cross entropy loss and with an approach of hard parameter sharing. Best scores on Tamil was achieved by DistilBERT subjected to cross entropy loss with soft parameter sharing as the architecture type. For the tasks of sentiment analysis and offensive language identification, the best performing model scored a weighted F1-Score of (66.8%, 90.5%), (59%, 70%) and (62.1%,75.3%) for Kannada, Malayalam and Tamil on sentiment analysis and offensive language identification respectively.
18
Sundar, Arunima, Akshay Ramakrishnan, Avantika Balaji, and Thenmozhi Durairaj. "Hope Speech Detection for Dravidian Languages Using Cross-Lingual Embeddings with Stacked Encoder Architecture." SN Computer Science 3, no. 1 (November 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00943-8.
Full text
19
P Srinivasan, U., M. Gnanasekar, Mukund Mundra, Aniket Payagude, and Krishnamoorthy Krishnamoorthy. "LAPAROSCOPIC VERSUS ROBOTIC RESECTION WITHOUT SPLENIC FLEXURE MOBILIZATION FOR RECTAL CANCER: A SINGLE-INSTITUTION EVALUATION OF OUTCOMES." PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, March 15, 2023, 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/paripex/6202327.
Full textAbstract:
Background Splenic flexure mobilization has been considered the standard of practice in cases of low anterior resection;however,it has been observed in southern Indian state population, splenic flexure mobilization is may not be necessary for all patients of Dravidian ethnicity. Methods We evaluated the 26 patientswho underwent Laparoscopic Reconstituting Subtotal cholecystectomy during July 2019 to Jan 2022. Preoperative parameters (Age, Gender, diagnosis,location of tumor and Neoadjuvant therapy) and postoperative parameters (Duration of surgery,Hospital Stay, complications, recurrence of malignancy) were compared.Aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of Low anterior rection without splenic flexure mobilization. Results There was no statistically significant difference in terms of intraoperative,postoperative complications and oncological outcome when splenic flexure mobilization not done.The operative time was similar in the both groups (P>0.05).The Postop complication rate was lower after robotic than after laparoscopic (9% vs. 25.5%, P=0.07). Post operative complications observed in 6 patients (23%) including wound infection, wound dehiscence, anastomotic leak and anastomotic stricture. 5 post op complications were seen in laparoscopic cases;however,this was not statistically significant.On a median 24 month follow-up,the local recurrence rates did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (5 for LAP vs. 1 for Robotic). Conclusion Resection of rectal cancers by minimally invasive approach (Lap and Robotic) without the routine use of SFM do not increase postoperative morbidity or oncologic risk in our subset of patients all of whom belong to the same Dravidian ethnicity. Compared to robotic surgery, patients with laparoscopic surgery had more postoperative complications though the oncologic clearance was comparatively similar.Hence,we suggest that Splenic flexure mobilization need not be done for patients of Dravidian ethnicity as they possess small to medium stature, genetically. This needs to be validated by larger randomized studies.
20
Hardy, Adam. "Re-creation and self-creation in temple design." Architectural Research Quarterly, April 22, 2022, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135522000082.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses an approach taken for the design of a new temple in Karnataka, India, to be built in the medieval ‘Hoysala’ style, which followed the Karnata Dravida tradition of temple architecture. This style is unfamiliar to present-day traditional temple builders in India. The design needs to be based on research into architectural history, of a kind that aims to relive the processes through which temples were designed, assimilating the architectural language and its principles. This kind of architectural history involves re-creation, and this kind of design can contribute to architectural history as ‘design research’. An application of such research is the reconstruction of temple designs from ruins. The temples can potentially be rebuilt, or they can be reconstructed graphically, and presented meaningfully on site. Re-creation of temples through drawing is also a key for understanding canonical Sanskrit texts on architecture. These texts are not illustrated but call for interpretation through drawing. Temple types are typically presented in sequences of evolution from simple to complex forms, one type emanating from another in way reminiscent of how the architectural traditions themselves develop. Texts provide a framework for a design, demanding interpretation, improvisation, and invention. The results are only partly determined by an individual architect, and the framework can stimulate creations that an individual would never have thought of, as if such temples are svayambhu, or ‘self-creating’. A ’svayambhu’ approach has been taken in the design of the new Hoysala temple. No texts survive from the Karnata Dravida tradition, but the surviving creations of that tradition display the emanatory logic of its unfolding. A ‘self-creating’ design for this temple can be achieved by exploring formal possibilities inherent in the tradition and extrapolating a new form, while accommodating ritual and iconographic requirements, and being open to the unexpected.
21
-, Dr K. S. Patil. "Architectural Terms in the Epigraphs of the Panchalingeshwar Temple at Huli." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 5, no. 6 (November 13, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i06.8759.
Full textAbstract:
The Panchalingesvara temple at Huli (Saundatti Taluk, Belgaum District, Karnataka ) is a temple of Dravida form with an unusual plan . It has a long rectangular garbhagriha, with its longer axis running north-south, which opens into a similar common gudhamandapa through three doorways. This garbhagriha is long enough to carry three superstructures in a line (PI. 1). There are two additional garbhagrihas connected to and flanking the gudhamandapa on the north and the south sides. These also carry a superstructure each. The gudhamandapa opens into a large open pillared agramandapa on the east. The temple now enshrines five lingas, three in a row in the principal garbhagriha and one each in the remaining two. Hence its current name Panchalingesvara. But in the inscription on one of its garbhagriha doorframes the temple is called Manikyatirtha (i.e., Manikyatirtha Basadi) and there are clear enough other indications (such as the seated jina figures under trichhatra on the lalatabimbas) to the effect that it was a Jaina temple originally. Going by the dated inscription on one of the doorframes (1220 A.D., see Inscription No. 4 below) and other features, the temple should be ascribed to the beginning of the thirteenth century A.D. One of the problems faced in the study of the medieval temples of Karnataka is that of appropriate terminology for different temple forms and components. It is now clear that architects of Karnataka, during the period of the Chalukyas of Kalyana, the Hoysalas and the Yadavas of Devagiri, had deviated considerably from the norms prescribed in the manuals of the "Southern" architectural tradition. They had acquaintance with the northern "Nagara" temple forms like Latina, Bhumija, Sekhari etc. This is confirmed not only by inscriptions, which refer to northern forms, and temple models found on contemporary temples (e.g., Kasivisvesvara temple, Lakkundi, Gadag Dist.) but also by actual temple specimens available in such places as Umapur (Bidar Dist.), Sirur (Bagalkot Dist., Siddhesvara Temple), Hataragi (Belgaum Dist., Sikharesvara Temple), Amaragol (Dharvad Dist., Banashankari Temple), Hanagal (Haveri Dist.Ganesha Temple), Belur (Hassan Dist., Channakesava temple,), Nuggehalli (Hassan Dist., Sadasiva temple) and Turuvekere (Mulesankara temple) etc. Hence for understanding the Karnataka temples of the medieval period, possible utility of surviving northern architectural manuals, like the marangana - sutradhara cannot be overlooked.