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Journal articles on the topic 'Drawing exercises'
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Holm, E. "Guide to biological drawing - Part 1: Line drawings." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 5, no. 3 (1986): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v5i3.989.
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The advantages of drawings above photographic illustrations are listed, and the difference between skills needed for technical rendering and artwork is explained. Materials and techniques for good line drawing are treated in progressive steps, followed by appropriate recommended exercises. The text is elucidated by 18 illustrations.
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Pais, Teresa. "MASTERING PERSPECTIVE IN OBSERVATIONAL DRAWING." Boletim da Aproged, no. 34 (December 2018): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2184-4933_2018-0034_0015.
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The exercise of spatial representation poses specific difficulties to students of architecture. To identify and understand such setbacks, several students were asked to make a modelled drawing and a contour drawing of three urban spaces with highly differentiated features. The examination of the students’ drawings has enabled the identification of the most recurrent imprecisions, their corresponding spatial position and in which type of drawing they more frequently occur. The data collected suggest that, despite inaccuracies occurring more frequently and clearly in contour drawings, this type of exercise allows the credible representation of a place, thereby stimu- lating the observation and consideration of aspects related to the materiality of the surfaces and the constructive definition of the elements that are part of that space. Modelled drawings and contour drawings - the latter preferably developed under given coordinates - are key and complementary exercises for developing the ability to control shape and space.
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Thorson, Juli K. "Drawing for Understanding, Insight, and Discovery." American Association of Philosophy Teachers Studies in Pedagogy 5 (2019): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/aaptstudies201912640.
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The literature on drawing provides a justification for using drawing in the teaching of philosophy. The aim of the essay is to show how drawing as a pedagogy, though unusual in philosophy, fulfills high-quality teaching desiderata: make it personal, go beyond the text, allow students to show and explain their work, and unify the work of the course. I explain these four desiderata and how students complete drawing exercises to develop understanding, generate insights, and make philosophic discoveries. I begin by explaining and justifying the pedagogical desiderata. I discuss the literature on drawing-to-learn and concept mapping and apply its insights to teaching philosophy. Finally, I describe my exercises on color theory, two-point perspective exercises, my modifications to concept mapping, and the use of summative drawings.
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Wango, Kamau. "Drawing with my Students’ – Development of Clothed Life Drawings among University Fine Art Students. Analysis of Selected Drawings by Second Year Students at Kenyatta University." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.3.1.291.
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Students of Fine Art are introduced to drawing in their first year and human figure drawing in their second year. It is presumed that they have already had some element of earlier exposure in other levels of prior studies. The objective of human figure drawing or life drawing is to get the students to a level of applied skill where they can be able to draw and utilize their skill in other aspects of self-expression in other disciplines of Art. This is because life drawing is a fundamental requirement in all disciplines of art from basic sketching to detailed paintings. This paper examines selected work of students to determine the extent to which they are able to achieve this objective within the unit prescribed duration of one semester. The paper also seeks to determine whether the work produced meets the standard of drawing required at this level which then enables the students to subsequently embark on other units of drawing moving forward. This is critical since they are required to apply their life drawing skills in other units as a matter of routine individual expression. In this regard, if they are required to draw or paint an imaginative composition, they would be expected to depict human figures which not only fit within the composition and are well executed but also express the students’ ability to interpret themes and formulate subject matter. For the purpose of these exercises and in order to focus solely on the objectives of human figure composition and detailed development, the students were confined to the use of pencil for the layout, shading and detailing of their work. This is because pencil provides a wide range of manoeuvre for this kind of exercise. In this series of drawings, the students used one particular female model which provided them with the opportunity to visually interact with the individual model and be able to study and observe how the life model adjusts to various poses. This was designed to help draw inspiration as well as make the drawing exercises methodical, enjoyable and purposeful.
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Fisher, Kurt. "Exercises in drawing and utilizing free-body diagrams." Physics Teacher 37, no. 7 (1999): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.880343.
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Gluppe, Sandra B., Marie Ellström Engh, and Kari Bø. "Immediate Effect of Abdominal and Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises on Interrecti Distance in Women With Diastasis Recti Abdominis Who Were Parous." Physical Therapy 100, no. 8 (2020): 1372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa070.
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Abstract Objective There is a lack of consensus on which abdominal or pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercises to recommend for the treatment of diastasis recti abdominis (DRA). The objective of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of abdominal and PFM exercises on interrecti distance (IRD) in women with DRA who are parous. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 38 women who were parous, with a mean age of 36.2 years (SD = 5.2), diagnosed with DRA participated. IRD was assessed with 2-dimensional real-time ultrasonography during rest and during 8 randomly ordered different exercises. A paired t test was used to compare the IRD at rest with the IRD recorded during each exercise as well as the differences between exercises. Means with 95% CI are reported. Results Head lift and twisted curl-up exercises significantly decreased the IRD both above and below the umbilicus. Above the umbilicus, the mean IRD difference from rest during head lift was 10 mm (95% CI = 7 to 13.2), whereas during twisted curl-up it was 9.4 mm (95% CI = 6.3 to 12.5). Below the umbilicus, the corresponding values were 6.1 mm (95% CI = 3.2 to 8.9) and 3.5 mm (95% CI = 0.5 to 6.4), respectively, but PFM contraction, maximal in-drawing, and PFM contraction + maximal in-drawing increased the IRD (mean difference = −2.8 mm [95% CI = −5.2 to 0.5], −4.7 mm [95% CI = −7.2 to −2.1], and − 5.0 mm [95% CI = −7.9 to −2.1], respectively). Conclusions Head lift and twisted curl-up exercises decreased the IRD both above and below the umbilicus, whereas maximal in-drawing and PFM contraction exercises only increased the IRD below the umbilicus. A randomized controlled trial is needed to investigate whether head lift and twisted curl-up exercises are effective in permanently narrowing the IRD. Impact To date there is scant scientific knowledge of which exercises to recommend in the treatment of DRA. In-drawing and PFM contraction leads to an acute increase in IRD, while head lift and twisted curl-up leads to an acute decrease in IRD in postpartum women. There is a need for high-quality randomized controlled trials to investigate if there is a long-term reduction in IRD by doing these exercises over time. The acute IRD increase and decrease during the different exercises is also present in a sample of women with larger separations.
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Gale, Ian G. "Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Technique with a Chronic Schizophrenic Patient." Behaviour Change 7, no. 4 (1990): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900007014.
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Detailed neuropsychological investigation of a schizophrenic patient found a deficit in functions usually attributed to the left parieto-occipital region. Interventions designed to exercise the putatively left parieto-occipital functions (‘understanding the verbal expression of spatial relationships’) and to exercise putatively right hemisphere functions (exercises based on Edwards' — ‘Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain’) were compared. The patient demonstrated lowest levels of hallucinatory behaviour, aggressive verbal outbursts, and physical aggression during phases when right hemisphere exercises were programmed. Possible reasons for this outcome are examined.
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Singer, Samuel. "MARGINALIZING TRANS MEDICAL EXPENSES: LINE-DRAWING EXERCISES IN TAX." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 31, no. 2 (2013): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v31i2.4420.
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This article explores the treatment of trans medical expenses under American and Canadian tax laws. In both tax systems, medical expenses are deemed worthy of tax relief, while many cosmetic procedures are excluded. This article argues that tax administrators and the judiciary are influenced by social stigma when they employ the distinction between cosmetic and medical expenses to exclude or allow trans medical expenses. In the American context, this article focuses on the Internal Revenue Service’s reasons for deeming a trans woman’s gender dysphoria-related medical expenses to be ineligible for the medical deduction. It then turns to the taxpayer’s subsequent appeal to the U.S. Tax Court in O’Donnabhain v. Commissioner, 134 TC no. 4, and the Court’s determination that, while the taxpayer’s sex reassignment surgery and hormone therapy were eligible expenses, her breast augmentation was not deductible. The article follows by outlining the Canadian medical expense tax credit to determine how similar trans medical expenses might be treated in light of a budget amendment in 2010 prohibiting claims for most cosmetic procedures. The article concludes that in both the American and Canadian context, trans people are held to a higher standard than required under each respective tax statute, with their gender dysphoria-related medical expenses needing to be documented as “medically necessary” to avoid categorization as ineligible cosmetic expenses. Le présent article examine le traitement des frais médicaux liés à la dysphorie sexuelle en vertu des lois fiscales américaines et canadiennes. Dans les deux régimes fiscaux, les frais médicaux sont considérés comme admissibles à un allègement fiscal, tandis que plusieurs interventions esthétiques sont exclues. Le présent article fait valoir que les administrateurs fiscaux et la magistrature sont influencés par les stigmates sociaux lorsqu’ils ont recours à la distinction entre les frais d’intervention esthétique et les frais médicaux pour exclure ou justifier les frais médicaux liés à la transition. Dans le contexte américain, le présent article se penche sur les motifs formulés par l’Internal Revenue Service pour juger inadmissibles à la déduction pour frais médicaux les frais médicaux liés au trouble d’identité sexuelle d’une femme transgenre. Il examine ensuite l’appel interjeté ultérieurement par la contribuable à la US Tax Court dans O’Donnabhain v. Commissioner, 134 TC no. 4, ainsi que la décision de cette cour selon laquelle la chirurgie pour changement de sexe et l’hormonothérapie de la contribuable constituaient des frais admissibles, alors que son augmentation mammaire n’était pas déductible. L’article décrit ensuite le crédit d’impôt canadien pour frais médicaux pour déterminer comment des frais médicaux similaires liés à la dysphorie sexuelle pourraient être traités à la lumière d’une modification budgétaire de 2010 interdisant les réclamations pour la plupart des interventions esthétiques. L’article conclut que, tant aux États-Unis qu’au Canada, les personnes transgenres doivent satisfaire à une norme plus élevée que celle que prévoit la loi fiscale à laquelle elles sont assujetties, leurs frais médicaux liés à la transition devant être documentés comme étant « médicalement nécessaires » pour éviter d’être qualifiés de frais d’intervention esthétique inadmissibles.
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Quillin, Kim, and Stephen Thomas. "Drawing-to-Learn: A Framework for Using Drawings to Promote Model-Based Reasoning in Biology." CBE—Life Sciences Education 14, no. 1 (2015): es2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.14-08-0128.
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The drawing of visual representations is important for learners and scientists alike, such as the drawing of models to enable visual model-based reasoning. Yet few biology instructors recognize drawing as a teachable science process skill, as reflected by its absence in the Vision and Change report’s Modeling and Simulation core competency. Further, the diffuse research on drawing can be difficult to access, synthesize, and apply to classroom practice. We have created a framework of drawing-to-learn that defines drawing, categorizes the reasons for using drawing in the biology classroom, and outlines a number of interventions that can help instructors create an environment conducive to student drawing in general and visual model-based reasoning in particular. The suggested interventions are organized to address elements of affect, visual literacy, and visual model-based reasoning, with specific examples cited for each. Further, a Blooming tool for drawing exercises is provided, as are suggestions to help instructors address possible barriers to implementing and assessing drawing-to-learn in the classroom. Overall, the goal of the framework is to increase the visibility of drawing as a skill in biology and to promote the research and implementation of best practices.
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Egorov, S. F., N. I. Osipov, and I. V. Korobeynikova. "Shooting Simulator «Inhibitor»: Software of Drawing up Scenarios of Exercises." Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 18, no. 1 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2020-1-36-49.
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Описывается программное обеспечение для составления сценариев учебных упражнений тактического тренажера оптико-электронного для стрелкового оружия «Ингибитор», разработанного в Институте механики УдмФИЦ УрО РАН и на кафедре «Вычислительная техника» ИжГТУ имени М. Т. Калашникова совместно с ОАО «Концерн «Ижмаш». Приводится тактико-техническое задание на функциональные возможности редактора сценариев учебных упражнений из Курса стрельб с имитацией на изображениях времени дня (утро, день, вечер, ночь) и сезона (лето, зима, осень, весна). При составлении сценариев должна быть возможность выбирать лесистые, степные, городские, песчаные стрельбища и расставлять на них цели со сложным поведением (приседание, залегание, уклонение от близких промахов и т. п.) и спецэффекты (дымы, разрывы и т. п.). Также необходимо добавлять в базу пользовательские стрелковые упражнения, новые изображения как стрельбищ (с прорисованным виртуальным рельефом дальности), так и местных предметов и целей (бронетехники и живой силы) и задавать их свойства (например, траекторию движения со скоростью и времена появления-исчезновения с допустимыми разбросами). В стандартной поставке тренажера должна быть полная база упражнений и мишеней из Курса стрельб по стрелковому вооружению (включая гранатометы) и по разведке местности. Сделан вывод о перспективности дальнейших исследований и разработке электронных стрелковых тренажеров благодаря совершенствованию и удешевлению элементной базы и развитию программных библиотек с целью повышения точности тренажеров, расширения функциональных возможностей и снижения себестоимости и, значит, повышения конкурентоспособности.Работа выполнена за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 18-79-10122) с использованием УНУ «Информационно-измерительный комплекс для исследований акустических свойств материалов и изделий» (рег. номер: 586308)
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Kolayis, İpek Eroglu, Hayri Ertan, and Hakan Kolayis. "The Effect Of Back Exercises On Drawing Arms In Archers." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000355927.98459.5d.
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Öberg, Dan. "Exercising war: How tactical and operational modelling shape and reify military practice." Security Dialogue 51, no. 2-3 (2019): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010619890196.
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This article analyzes how contemporary military training and exercises shape and reify specific modalities of war. Historically, military training has shifted from being individual- and experience-oriented, towards becoming modelled into exercise environments and practices. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with military officers, exercise controllers, and war-game designers, the article distinguishes between tactical training, characterized by military functions embodied through weapon platforms in a demarcated battlespace, and operational training, characterized by administrative and organizational processes embodied through self-referential staff routines. As military exercises integrate the tactical and operational dimensions into a model for warfare, they serve as blueprints for today’s battles at the same time as they perpetuate a martial viewpoint of the world. As a result, preparations for potential future conflicts constitute a fertile ground for apprehending the becoming of war.
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Allen, Stan, Niall Hobhouse, and Helen Mallinson. "Drawing matter: Plan." Architectural Research Quarterly 22, no. 1 (2018): 8–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135518000234.
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Over the course of an intensive day-long session, the authors combed the Drawing Matter archives for exemplary plan drawings. Their selections are presented here in pairs, based on visual rhymes or striking contrasts, on cross-historical comparisons or the persistence of plan-making techniques over time.The architectural plan drawing is a paradoxical sort of object. In principle, an instrument that should be rendered obsolete by the act of construction, it nonetheless remains the most intensive and compact description of an architectural idea.‘Plan’ is a verb as well as a noun, and implies a path toward a specified outcome. The plan is fundamentally optimistic, countering entropy with order, and this anticipatory quality is embedded in the logic of the plan itself. Architects make drawings for buildings that do not yet exist. An architectural plan is an empty geometric scaffold that awaits both construction and inhabitation.But the plan also works retrospectively: it was the primary technical means employed in the measuring and recording of ancient architectures that was so fundamental to the education of a classical architect. And these drawings affirm that such reconstructions, far from being rote academic exercises, draw deeply on the architect's creative intelligence. In fact, we would argue that the conceptual power of the plan as a working instrument is precisely its capacity to function simultaneously as an analytical and projective device, poised between past histories and future possibilities.This collection of images makes a case for the continued relevance of the plan today as evidenced by the diversity, conceptual density and shear visual power of these artefacts.
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Robertson, Emma. "A sense of coherence: Drawing for the mind." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 5, no. 2 (2020): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00042_1.
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As part of the award-winning Big Anxiety Festival in Australia, an exhibition of mixed-media drawings of plants and seeds was displayed at the University of Sydney, at the same time as two public drawing workshops in the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. This paper describes and summarizes the various drawing techniques used in these workshops, and discusses the feedback from participants, who self-identified as having anxiety. Drawing using different types of approaches allowed workshop participants to mediate their tacit knowledge of the symptoms and solutions of living with anxiety, and to transition to a lived experience of proactively using drawings to improve their individual cognition, mindsets and mental health. Utilizing the platform afforded by the promotion of Mental Health Month in New South Wales, allowed the drawing exhibitions and workshops to be understood more broadly within an interdisciplinary context, which embedded their impact on other fields of research, including ecopsychology and biophilia, in a salutogenic model of practice. Specific to this approach, a ‘sense of coherence’ was deliberately embedded in both of the workshops’ sequential drawing exercises, which were observational and objective in intent. The exhibitions in 2017 and 2019 also consciously deployed a ‘sense of coherence’ in their design. Documentation drawings have recently been used as a tool to alleviate anxiety and promote wellness in medical staff working in a UK Emergency Department during the COVID-19 pandemic. This demonstrated the widespread potential applications for drawings to provide an antidote and a method of communication to proactively and positively assist mental health. Further research and exploration of the role that drawing plants and nature can play in the construction of learning in the context of individuals struggling with anxiety may offer routes to new knowledge and better understanding and potentially enhance connections between art and health researchers and institutions globally.
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Weida, Courtney Lee. "Frederick Froebel’s philosophies of drawing: Play, representation and invention." Visual Inquiry 2, no. 1 (2013): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/vi.2.1.43_1.
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This article explores the drawing practice within the educational philosophies of Frederick Froebel. Froebel offers art education and studio practice a great deal of influential approaches, unique media inspirations and enduring philosophical contexts for drawing. Froebel introduced exercises in linear drawing with horizontal and vertical lines, outline drawing of contours, free-hand and nature drawing, circular drawing and drawing from memory. Froebel also suggested more exploratory drawing activities in the service of observing, connecting and evoking form. His approaches towards drawing as varied explorations of nature, contour and shape with unique art media can open up pedagogical possibilities for the rich understanding of form and playful, sensory experiences in contemporary art education.
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Adams, Gavin. "Duchamp's Erotic Stereoscopic Exercises." Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material 23, no. 2 (2015): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-02672015v23n0206.
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ABSTRACT: This article explores certain links between medicine and art, with regard to their use of stereoscopy. I highlight a work by the artist Marcel Duchamp (the ready-made Stéréoscopie a la Main) and stereoscopic cards used in ophthalmic medicine. Both instances involve the drawing of graphic marks over previously existing stereoscopic cards. This similarity between Stéréoscopie a la Main and stereoscopic cards is echoed in the form of "stereoscopic exercises." Stereoscopic exercises were prescribed by doctors to be performed with the stereoscope as early as 1864. Stereoscopic cards were widely diffused in the 19th century, often promoted as "stay-at-home travel." It was over such kinds of materials that both Marcel Duchamp and doctors of ophthalmic medicine drew their graphic marks. I explore Duchamp's Stéréoscopie a la Main as a hypothetical basis for stereoscopic exercises of different types, proposing that this rectified ready-made is the locus for erotic stereoscopic exercises.
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Garvey, Gregory P. "Life Drawing and 3D Figure Modeling with MAYA: Developing Alternatives to Photo-Realistic Modeling." Leonardo 35, no. 3 (2002): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409402760105325.
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This paper discusses the organization and motivation for a workshop devoted to the experimental use of 3D computer graphics to model the human figure. The workshop introduced a simple technique for modeling a leg by lofting a series of circles into the appropriate shape using sketches drawn from life. This approach links the expressive world of drawing to the impersonal mechanical tasks of computer modeling. The workshop also served as an introduction to 3D modeling and the MAYA 3D Computer Graphics Software Graphical User Interface. The drawing exercises of Kimon Nicolaïdes are discussed and provide inspiration to explore alternatives to photo-realistic modeling that reflect the artistic legacy of early modernist experiments such as cubism and futurism.
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Northcott, Jessica L., and Scott T. Frein. "The Effect of Drawing Exercises on Mood When Negative Affect Is Not Induced." Art Therapy 34, no. 2 (2017): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2017.1326227.
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董, 志宏. "Research on Region Segmentation Algorithm of Engineering Drawing Exercises Based on Hough Transform." Computer Science and Application 11, no. 04 (2021): 1008–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/csa.2021.114104.
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Kim, Eun-Song, Da-Song Gil, Su-Bin Kim, et al. "The Comparisons of Different Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver During Plank exercises on trunk stability." Medico-Legal Update 19, no. 2 (2019): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-1283.2019.00211.1.
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Read, Gray. "Eleven Exercises in the Art of Architectural Drawing: Slow Food for the Architect's Imagination." Journal of Architectural Education 67, no. 2 (2013): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.2013.817193.
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Persson, Anders. "Kolonisatör eller turist? Frågor och arbetsuppgifter i svenska historieläromedel under en tid av kunskapsideologisk förhandling." Nordic Journal of Educational History 6, no. 2 (2019): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v6i2.150.
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Coloniser or Tourist?: Questions and Exercises in Swedish History Textbooks, 1927–2015. The history of History as a Swedish school subject has usually been based on two sources: curriculum plans and textbook narratives. Drawing upon more than 900 exercises that occur in 72 history textbooks published 1927–2015, this article primarily examines which different approaches to history that have been prearranged to the pupils during the second half of the last century. It is shown that a great majority of the exercises, throughout the whole period of time, prescribes a simple reproduction of unchallenged truths. It is also argued that both disciplinarian assignments and aesthetic tasks, seem to appear at least as often before, as after, the 1970s. Subsequently, especially in the 1990s, the exercises occasionally ask for the individual student’s own opinions - without demanding them to consider any historical circumstances. Accordingly it is argued that while the former category of exercises most often enjoin the distanced view of the uninvolved tourist, the latter rather instructs the pupil to embrace the coloniser’s self-centred perspective of the past.
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Puntumetakul, Rungthip, Pongsatorn Saiklang, Weerasak Tapanya, et al. "The Effects of Core Stabilization Exercise with the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver Technique versus General Strengthening Exercise on Lumbar Segmental Motion in Patients with Clinical Lumbar Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 12-Month Follow-Up." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (2021): 7811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157811.
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Trunk stability exercises that focus on either deep or superficial muscles might produce different effects on lumbar segmental motion. This study compared outcomes in 34 lumbar instability patients in two exercises at 10 weeks and 12 months follow up. Participants were divided into either Core stabilization (deep) exercise, incorporating abdominal drawing-in maneuver technique (CSE with ADIM), or General strengthening (superficial) exercise (STE). Outcome measures were pain, muscle activation, and lumbar segmental motion. Participants in CSE with ADIM had significantly less pain than those in STE at 10 weeks. They showed significantly more improvement of abdominal muscle activity ratio than participants in STE at 10 weeks and 12 months follow-up. Participants in CSE with ADIM had significantly reduced sagittal translation at L4-L5 and L5-S1 compared with STE at 10 weeks. Participants in CSE with ADIM had significantly reduced sagittal translations at L4-L5 and L5-S1 compared with participants in STE at 10 weeks, whereas STE demonstrated significantly increased sagittal rotation at L4-L5. However, at 12 months follow-up, levels of lumbar sagittal translation were increased in both groups. CSE with ADIM which focuses on increasing deep trunk muscle activity can reduce lumbar segmental translation and should be recommended for lumbar instability.
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Jeon, In-cheol, Oh-yun Kwon, Jong-hyuck Weon, Ui-jae Hwang, and Sung-hoon Jung. "Comparison of Hip- and Back-Muscle Activity and Pelvic Compensation in Healthy Subjects During 3 Different Prone Table Hip-Extension Exercises." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 26, no. 4 (2017): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2015-0173.
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Context:Prone hip extension has been recommended for strengthening the back and hip muscles. Previous studies have investigated prone hip extension conducted with subjects on the floor in the prone position. However, no study has compared 3 different table hip-extension (THE) positions in terms of the activities of the back- and hip-joint muscles with lumbopelvic motion.Objective:To identify more effective exercises for strengthening the gluteus maximus (GM) by comparing 3 different exercises (THE alone, THE with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver [THEA], and THEA with chair support under the knee [THEAC]) based on electromyographic muscle activity and pelvic compensation.Design:Repeated-measure within-subject intervention.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:16 healthy men.Main Outcome Measures:Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to obtain data on the GM, erector spinae (ES), multifidus, biceps femoris (BF), and semitendinosus (ST). Pelvic compensation was monitored using an electromagnetic motion-tracking device. Exertion during each exercise was recorded. Any significant difference in electromyographic muscle activity and pelvic motion among the 3 conditions (THE vs THEA vs THEAC) was assessed using a 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc test.Results:The muscle activities recorded by EMG differed significantly among the 3 exercises (P < .01). GM activity was increased significantly during THEAC (P < .01). There was a significant difference in lumbopelvic kinematics in terms of anterior tilting (F = 19.49, P < .01) and rotation (F= 27.38, P < .01) among the 3 exercises.Conclusions:The THEAC exercise was the most effective for strengthening the GM without overactivity of the ES, BF, and ST muscles and lumbopelvic compensation compared with THE and THEA.
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Putra, Yvette. "Digital cosmopoiesis in architectural pedagogy: An analysis through Frascari." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 4, no. 2 (2019): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00002_1.
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Abstract This article derives from three observations of architectural drawing: the current ubiquitousness of digitization, the ongoing disputation of digitization in architectural pedagogy and the capacity of architectural drawing to simultaneously represent and communicate qualities of tangibility and intangibility. In its analysis, this article refers primarily to the writings of Marco Frascari (19452013), who was, through works such as Eleven Exercises in the Art of Architectural Drawing (2011), a strong critic of digital drawing. This article begins with an overview of the effects of digitization on architectural drawing, which are summarized in terms of their deleteriousness on the intangible qualities of architectural drawing, as seen predominantly in perspectives and sketches. This article then defines intangibility in architectural drawing and locates it within Frascari's theory of cosmopoiesis, and identifies marks, entourage (especially human entourage) and narrative as key elements of cosmopoiesis in architectural drawing. Finally, this article analyses the effects of digitization on architectural drawing from the standpoint of cosmopoiesis, with an emphasis on the key elements that were identified earlier, before concluding with some recommendations for preserving cosmopoiesis when drawing in a digital environment. This article holds that, in architectural pedagogy, a complete return to analogue drawing is neither feasible nor necessary because what is required instead is an awareness of the main areas in which digital drawing is most likely to fail, so that digital drawing retains the cosmopoietic qualities that characterize some examples of analogue drawing. This article argues that an understanding of the cosmopoiesis of architectural drawing is vital to transcending the apparent incompatibility of intangibility and digitization.
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Kim, Myoung-Kwon, Hyun-Gyu Cha, and Young-Jun Shin. "Effects of lumbopelvic sling and abdominal drawing-in exercises on lung capacity in healthy adults." Journal of Physical Therapy Science 28, no. 8 (2016): 2181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.2181.
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Cummings, Brian. "Erasmus and the Colloquial Emotions." Erasmus Studies 40, no. 2 (2020): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18749275-04002004.
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Abstract Cognitive philosophy in recent years has made conversation central to the experience of emotion: we recognise emotions in dialogue. What lesson can be drawn from this for understanding Erasmus’ Colloquies? This work has often been rifled for its treatment of ideas and opinions, but it also offers a complex and highly imaginative treatment of conversation, originating as rhetorical exercises in De copia. This essay reconfigures the Colloquies in such terms, especially those involving female interlocutors, drawing on the riches of ancient interest in conversation in Plato, Cicero and Quintilian, and also on the vogue for dialogue in Renaissance Italy from Leonardo Bruni to Castiglione.
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Mota, P., A. G. Pascoal, A. I. Carita, and K. Bø. "Inter-recti distance at rest, during abdominal crunch and drawing in exercises during pregnancy and postpartum." Physiotherapy 101 (May 2015): e1050-e1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1928.
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Duvernoy, Sylvie. "Marco Frascari, Eleven Exercises in the Art of Architectural Drawing: Slow Food for the Architect’s Imagination." Nexus Network Journal 14, no. 1 (2012): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-011-0105-1.
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Zielinska, Dorota. "Drawing on Technical Writing Scholarship for the Teaching of Writing to Advanced Esl Students—A Writing Tutorial." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 33, no. 2 (2003): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/daya-ckxa-ldc2-f95y.
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The article outlines the technical writing tutorial (TWT) that preceded an advanced ESL writing course for students of English Philology at the Jagiellonian University. Having assessed the English skills of those students at the end of the semester, we found a statistically significant increase in the performance of the students who had taken the TWT in comparison to the control group who spent the time of TWT doing more traditional exercises. This result indicates that technical writing books and journals should be considered as an important source of information for teachers of writing to ESL students.
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Denny, Michael, and Frank Chennell. "Exploring Pupils’ Views and Feelings about their School Science Practicals: use of letter‐writing and drawing exercises." Educational Studies 12, no. 1 (1986): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305569860120105.
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ASHIRBAYEVA, A. А., and A. I. NIYAZBAYEVA. "DRAWING UP GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN CHEMISTRY IN THE SETTING OF THE UPDATED CONTENT OF EDUCATION." Bulletin of Academy of Pedagogical Scienses of Kazakhstan, no. 4 (2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51883/20704046_2020_4_75.
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Hinze, Bradford E. "The Grace of Conflict." Theological Studies 81, no. 1 (2020): 40–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040563920904073.
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This article identifies the grace of conflict with acts of resistance and with the reclamation of the giftedness of precarious communities. This argument is defended drawing on the work of Michel de Certeau, Pope Francis, conflicts in the life of Jesus in the synoptic traditions, and by considering a living parable of praxis in relation to the ascetic practices of agere contra and the Contemplation to Attain Love in the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola.
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Root, Lawrence S., and Alford A. Young. "Workplace Flexibility and Worker Agency." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 638, no. 1 (2011): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716211415787.
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“Worker agency”—the idea that workers have free will and will exercise it to meet their needs—is a fundamental part of organizational psychology and the sociology of work. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in a midwestern factory, the authors examine how workers create opportunities for short-term flexibility within a workplace characterized by shift work, strict production quotas, and team organization. Coping mechanisms involve sympathetic supervisors and supportive coworkers. Workers also describe taking independent action when the structure does not permit them to meet obligations to their families. These exercises in worker agency can be understood in terms of their legitimacy in the workplace and their potential for disruption of work. Worker agency also can be a positive factor in the workplace. Workers describe a supportive work environment as a critical factor that promotes loyalty and a willingness to go beyond workplace requirements for the good of the organization.
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Utami, Yuliarti Inggit, A. Handoko Pudjobroto, and Dewi Sri Wahyuni. "A Content Analysis on The English Textbook “The Bridge English Competence 2” Used by The Eighth Year of Junior High School." English Education 5, no. 2 (2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/eed.v5i2.36057.
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<p>This research aims to investigate whether or not the language skills materials in “The Bridge English Competence 2” textbook are compatible with indicators in language skills of School based Curriculum and investigate whether or not the exercises in “The Bridge English Competence 2” textbook are communicative. The writer used a descriptive method. In collecting the data, she used document as data source. The data were analyzed by these steps: (1) Finding out the kinds of skill and communicative exercise available on the textbook, (2) Classifying them, (3) Analyzing them, (4) Counting and adding them, (5) Giving percentage from the total number, (6) Judging whether or not the data are appropriate with the indicators in School-based Curriculum or not, and (7) Drawing conclusion and proposing suggestions. The result of the analysis shows that the percentage of the appropriateness of the skills developed in the textbook “The Bridge English Competence 2” is 56.57% (listening: 57.60%; speaking: 60%; reading: 37.50%; writing: 87.50%). It means that the textbook is compatible with the School-based Curriculum in developing listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. The textbook is a good textbook to support the complete material in English teaching-learning process for the students of junior high schools. Meanwhile, the percentage in developing the communicative exercises is 62.5%, meaning that it is good.</p>
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Chang, Tsen Yao. "Creative Drawings as Intuitive Probes for Evaluating Interface Preferences." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.360.
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Achieving a balance between visual aesthetics and usability to enhance user experience has enjoyed an increasing popularity in Web design. This study combines creative drawings as intuitive probes to investigate users’ emotional reactions and needs. The basic purpose of these creative exercises is to inspire design researchers and practitioners into applying a strategy in practicable design research to probe real user experiences and create an enjoyable and effective user environment. Emotional engagement with design is vital in design research. Unfortunately, laboratory usability tests often involve complex technical and mechanical tools that discourage user participation, thus limiting the opportunity to receive feedback. The research exercise in this study includes a series of intuitive practices that engaged the participants as target users to sketch an imagined garden layout, a library landscape layout, and a personal home page. We hypothesized from their drawings that a connection exists among the users’ sketches, Web interface preferences, and a classification of personality types. Significant results were obtained: (1) Creative drawing is an effective tool in understanding the personality of a user; (2) Three graphic practices establish emotional connections with the users’ Web interface preferences and product design; and (3) User personality categorization reveals preferences in Web interface and product design. This study focused on the effect of visual aesthetics and user-friendly methods on usability assessments in response to the increasing emotional conciliation of human-computer interaction design. These findings are beneficial in keeping abreast with the developments in design creativity and the qualitative contributions of design inspiration.
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Baig, Muhammad Zeeshan, and Manolya Kavakli. "Connectivity Analysis Using Functional Brain Networks to Evaluate Cognitive Activity during 3D Modelling." Brain Sciences 9, no. 2 (2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9020024.
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Modelling 3D objects in CAD software requires special skills which require a novice user to undergo a series of training exercises to obtain. To minimize the training time for a novice user, the user-dependent factors must be studied. we have presented a comparative analysis of novice/expert information flow patterns. We have used Normalized Transfer Entropy (NTE) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) to investigate the differences. The experiment was divided into three cognitive states i.e., rest, drawing, and manipulation. We applied classification algorithms on NTE matrices and graph theory measures to see the effectiveness of NTE. The results revealed that the experts show approximately the same cognitive activation in drawing and manipulation states, whereas for novices the brain activation is more in manipulation state than drawing state. The hemisphere- and lobe-wise analysis showed that expert users have developed an ability to control the information flow in various brain regions. On the other hand, novice users have shown a continuous increase in information flow activity in almost all regions when doing drawing and manipulation tasks. A classification accuracy of more than 90% was achieved with a simple K-nearest neighbors (k-NN) to classify novice and expert users. The results showed that the proposed technique can be used to develop adaptive 3D modelling systems.
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Viviani, Eva, and Nicola Bruno. "Learning to draw: Does the inversion technique work?" Psihologija 50, no. 3 (2017): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1703271v.
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Several methods for teaching draftsmanship include exercises based on Edward?s ?inversion? technique, the practice of copying from upside-down originals. We tested the technique by asking 40 artistically untrained participants to copy either upright or upside-down drawings of a face or a car. Our results indicate that participants were faster when copying the car in comparison to the face, but not when copying upside-down in comparison to upright images. In addition, they were more accurate in capturing the global proportions of the image in comparison to the local proportions of its parts. However, neither the face nor the car were copied more accurately in the upside-down relative to the right-side up condition. These results provide no evidence that Edward?s inversion technique promotes greater resemblance to the original stimulus image. Implications for the cognitive psychology of drawing and for the pedagogy of the visual arts are discussed.
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Arshad, Rowena, and Sheila Riddell. "Managing Disability Equality in Scotland: Tensions between Social Audit and Disability Equality." Social Policy and Society 10, no. 2 (2011): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000576.
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This paper focuses on the implications of adopting social audit approaches in order to implement equality policies in Scotland, exploring the tension between surface compliance and deep institutional engagement. Drawing on data from an evaluation of pubic sector bodies’ disability equality schemes, the paper provides examples of different levels of engagement, ranging from surface compliance (some education authorities) to institutional permeation of an equalities ethos (the Scottish Arts Council). The paper concludes by considering the future potential of single equality schemes to promote equality across Scottish society. It is argued that unless there is stronger support and challenge from Scottish government, there is a danger that equality schemes may become paper exercises rather than opportunities for institutional reflection and planning. At the same time, it would be a mistake to dismiss equality planning as merely an exercise in managerialism, since measuring the extent of inequality over time is an essential first step in the long process of achieving institutional change.
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Hirji, Sukaina. "External Goods and the Complete Exercise of Virtue in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 103, no. 1 (2020): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agph-2017-0107.
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Abstract In Nicomachean Ethics 1.8, Aristotle seems to argue that certain external goods are needed for happiness because, in the first place, they are needed for virtuous activity. This has puzzled scholars. After all, it seems possible for a virtuous agent to exercise her virtuous character even under conditions of extreme hardship or deprivation. Indeed, it is natural to think these are precisely the conditions under which one’s virtue shines through most clearly. I argue that there is good sense to be made of Aristotle’s stance on external goods. Drawing on passages in Politics 7.13 and Nicomachean Ethics 3.1, I develop and defend a distinction between the “mere” exercise of virtue, and the full or complete exercise of virtue. I explain how, on his view, a range of external goods is required for the full exercise of virtue, and I show that it is only this full exercise that is constitutive of eudaimonia. I argue that, for Aristotle, the distinguishing feature of this distinction is the value of the virtuous action’s ends. An action that fully expresses virtue aims at an end that is unqualifiedly good, while an action that merely exercises virtue does not. The external goods Aristotle mentions in NE 1.8 are necessary for performing actions with unqualifiedly good ends, and so necessary for the complete exercise of virtue.
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Young, Jan, and Sandra Regan. "Groups for Children of Separation/Divorce: A Metaphorical Approach." Children Australia 13, no. 1 (1988): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000001739.
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AbstractThe use of a metaphorical approach in a time limited group for children whose parents are separating/divorcing is explored. Drawing, “naming the group”, and structured exercises are used metaphorically to help the children tell their own “story”, not their parents version. The metaphorical processing of the media is what counts not the media itself. Every way of using media tells a story and moves children from story telling to story experiencing. When children are able to share feelings, they have taken a step forward.
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Lee, Jun-Cheol, Su-Kyoung Lee, and Kyoung Kim. "Comparison of Abdominal Muscle Activity in Relation to Knee Angles during Abdominal Drawing-in Exercises Using Pressure Biofeedback." Journal of Physical Therapy Science 25, no. 10 (2013): 1255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.1255.
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Siegel, Linda. "Drawing Breath: Breathing into the Rhythm and Form of Art Therapy: Exercises and Workbook for Psychotherapists and Educators." American Imago 76, no. 2 (2019): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aim.2019.0015.
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Sancho-Chavarria, Lilliana, Fabian Beck, and Erick Mata-Montero. "An expert study on hierarchy comparison methods applied to biological taxonomies curation." PeerJ Computer Science 6 (June 29, 2020): e277. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.277.
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Comparison of hierarchies aims at identifying differences and similarities between two or more hierarchical structures. In the biological taxonomy domain, comparison is indispensable for the reconciliation of alternative versions of a taxonomic classification. Biological taxonomies are knowledge structures that may include large amounts of nodes (taxa), which are typically maintained manually. We present the results of a user study with taxonomy experts that evaluates four well-known methods for the comparison of two hierarchies, namely, edge drawing, matrix representation, animation and agglomeration. Each of these methods is evaluated with respect to seven typical biological taxonomy curation tasks. To this end, we designed an interactive software environment through which expert taxonomists performed exercises representative of the considered tasks. We evaluated participants’ effectiveness and level of satisfaction from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Overall quantitative results evidence that participants were less effective with agglomeration whereas they were more satisfied with edge drawing. Qualitative findings reveal a greater preference among participants for the edge drawing method. In addition, from the qualitative analysis, we obtained insights that contribute to explain the differences between the methods and provide directions for future research.
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Карпюк, Л. В., and Н. О. Давіденко. "Computer practice in engineering graphics." ВІСНИК СХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ імені Володимира Даля, no. 4(260) (March 10, 2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2020-260-4-29-33.
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The article discusses the problems of teaching students engineering and computer graphics in a single course based on a computer-aided design (CAD) system. Examples of training tasks for acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities in the environment of the drawing and graphic editor of the AutoCAD system are given. They are necessary when performing drawings on engineering graphics, as well as the graphic part of course projects for students of mechanical specialties. Examples of exercises for self-study of the material are considered for a deeper study of the drawing-graphic module structure of the system and the acquisition of skills to work with its tools. The article also discusses several topics for studying the graphical editor AutoCAD, it reveals their contents and provides methods for completing practical tasks. 
 A comprehensive training program extends the ability of teachers to submit material, increases students' interest in graphic disciplines, so it can achieve better results in their development. However, there are a number of problems with this approach. Different levels of basic knowledge of students in the field of computer technology require greater individualization in the organization of the educational process. An additional burden for the teacher is to check the electronic drawings and to control the independence of students' work when performing graphic works using CAD. Combining engineering and computer graphics requires more intensive work from students.
 It is noted that the implementation of the proposed set of tasks is only the first stage of training students in computer technologies for creating design documentation. The acquired knowledge, skills and working skills in the environment of the AutoCAD system will be in demand when studying modern means of three-dimensional modeling. The execution of drawings using computer tools is undoubtedly more attractive to students, compared to traditional drawing. 
 It is also important to create conditions for actualizing the intellectual potential of students, as well as the formation of positive motivation. Enthusiastic students independently master the functions of the system that are not intended for study by the curriculum. They participate with pleasure in Olympiads in engineering and computer graphics.
 Ways of improving the verification of graphic works by a teacher are developped. A partial solution to the problem of checking the graphic part of course projects using preliminary drawings in a draft version and intermediate printouts of their electronic versions are proposed.
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Johnston, Daniel. "“Theatre Phenomenology” and Ibsen’s The Master Builder." Nordic Theatre Studies 31, no. 1 (2019): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v31i1.113005.
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How might an actor find inspiration from philosophy to build a world on stage? This article examines how phenomenology can offer a framework for creating performance and a vocabulary for action in rehearsal. Taking Henrik Ibsen’s The Master Builder as a case-study, a number of exercises and approaches are suggested for exploring the text while drawing on Martin Heidegger’s lecture, “Building, Dwelling, Thinking” which ponders the nature of “building”. Far from merely “constructing” an environment, essentially, building is “dwelling”. As the characters in Ibsen’s drama go about their dwelling, actors must build a world
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Özcan, Oguzhan, Emre Akdemir, Mary Lou O'Neil, and A. Ayça Ünlüer. "Prayer Bead Gestures and Television: A Case Study on Cultural Inspirations for Interaction Art Education." Leonardo 42, no. 5 (2009): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2009.42.5.428.
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The authors, interactive design-art educators, recount their experience in using cultural inspirations as part of student exercises. The authors found that, although students proposed various design concepts drawing from the surrounding culture, very few moved beyond experience design art. In order to remedy this situation without giving explicit direction, the authors encouraged students to examine cultural habits and/or artifacts from their past or their current lives in the hope that this could generate innovative design ideas. One such project is the Prayer Bead Gesture Based TV Input Device.
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Breux, Sandra, Jérôme Couture, and Royce Koop. "Turnout in Local Elections: Evidence from Canadian Cities, 2004–2014." Canadian Journal of Political Science 50, no. 3 (2017): 699–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842391700018x.
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AbstractWe provide the first wide-scale analysis of the factors that influence voter turnout in Canadian local elections. Drawing on original data from 300 municipal elections conducted from 2004 to 2014, we use ordinary least squares regression with panel-corrected standard errors for time series cross-sections to test explanatory hypotheses related to differences in institutional design, the social-spatial context of these elections, and local competitiveness. Our results show that, although institutional and sociospatial factors influence local turnout, the competitiveness of elections exercises the greatest influence on local electoral participation.
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Carlyle, Donna. "Walking in rhythm with Deleuze and a dog inside the classroom: being and becoming well and happy together." Medical Humanities 45, no. 2 (2019): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011634.
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This paper plateau describes children’s interspecies relation with a classroom canine, utilising posthumanism, post-structuralism and new materialism as its research paradigm and methodology. Once feelings are cognitised or articulated, their true essence can be lost. Therefore, elucidating moment-to-moment child–dog interactions through the lens of affect theory attempts to materialise the invisible, embodied, ‘unthought’ and non-conscious experience. Through consideration of Deleuzian concepts such as the ‘rhizome’ and ‘Body-without-Organs’ being enacted it illuminates new, ‘situated knowledge’. This is explicated and revealed using visual methods with ‘data’ produced by both, the children and their classroom dog such as photographs and video footage mounted on the dogs harness, from a GoPro micro camera. In addition, individual drawings, artefacts and paintings completed by the children are profound points in the research process, which are referred to as ‘plateaus’. These then become emergent as a children’s comic book where their relationship with ‘Dave’, their classroom dog is materialised. Through their interspecies relationship both child and dog exercise agency, co-constitute and transform one another and occupy a space of shared relations and multiple subjectivities. The affectual capacities of both child and dog also co-create an affective atmosphere and emotional spaces. Through ethnographic, participant observation and the ‘researcher’s body’ as a tool, they visually create illustrations through the sketching of ‘etudes’ (drawing exercises) to draw forth this embodied experience to reveal multiple lines and entanglements, mapping a landscape of interconnections and relations.
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Lau, Ngar-sze. "Teaching Transnational Buddhist Meditation with Vipassanā (Neiguan 內觀) and Mindfulness (Zhengnian 正念) for Healing Depression in Contemporary China". Religions 12, № 3 (2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12030212.
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This paper examines how the teaching of embodied practices of transnational Buddhist meditation has been designated for healing depression explicitly in contemporary Chinese Buddhist communities with the influences of Buddhist modernism in Southeast Asia and globalization. Despite the revival of traditional Chan school meditation practices since the Open Policy, various transnational lay meditation practices, such as vipassanā and mindfulness, have been popularized in monastic and lay communities as a trendy way to heal physical and mental suffering in mainland China. Drawing from a recent ethnographic study of a meditation retreat held at a Chinese Buddhist monastery in South China, this paper examines how Buddhist monastics have promoted a hybrid mode of embodied Buddhist meditation practices, mindfulness and psychoanalytic exercises for healing depression in lay people. With analysis of the teaching and approach of the retreat guided by well-educated Chinese meditation monastics, I argue that some young generation Buddhist communities have contributed to giving active responses towards the recent yearning for individualized bodily practices and the social trend of the “subjective turn” and self-reflexivity in contemporary Chinese society. The hybrid inclusion of mindfulness exercises from secular programs and psychoanalytic exercises into a vipassanā meditation retreat may reflect an attempt to re-contextualize meditation in Chinese Buddhism.