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Journal articles on the topic 'Drawing force'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Sir Anderson. "Dinamometer Untuk Alat Uji penarikan Kawat (Perancangan, Pembuatan dan Pengujian)." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 14, no. 1 (2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.14.1.113.

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The basic principle of metal formation is to change shape by giving an external force so that plastic deformation occurs. One example of this formation is wire drawing. The important parameter in wire drawing is the drawing force, which is the force needed to deform the wire to produce the desired reduction. The measurement of withdrawal force is carried out through a wire drawing test equipped with a dynamometer, which consists of load cell and strain gauge. From this test, the withdrawal force can be measured as an electrical quantity that can be read using a multitester or computer. For wir

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2

Qian, Jian Qing, Ji Ping Chen, and Hai Fan Qian. "The Influence of N Values on Sheet Metal Deep Drawing Based on Different Blank Holder Forces." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1364.

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The influence of hardening index n value at different holding forces on LDR of cylinder cup was simulated by the finite element software PAM-STAMP 2G. The results showed that the limit drawing ratio of the sheet metal decreased with the increase of the blank holder force. There was little influence of hardening index n value on the limit drawing ratio at smaller blank holder force. The influence of hardening index n value on the limit drawing ratio increased with the increase of the blank holder force. The hardening index n value could be increased to increase the limit drawing ratio when the

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3

Fruchterman, Thomas M. J., and Edward M. Reingold. "Graph drawing by force-directed placement." Software: Practice and Experience 21, no. 11 (1991): 1129–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380211102.

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4

Liu, Jia-Jia, Li-Li Wu, and Ting Chen. "Investigation on the Polymer Drawing Model of the Centrifugal Spinning." Recent Patents on Nanotechnology 14, no. 1 (2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872210513666190801110145.

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Background and Objective: Some patents have reported the centrifugal spinning method which utilizes the centrifugal force produced by a high speed rotating device to fabricate fibers from polymer melts or solutions. Recently, with the development of technologies, centrifugal spinning was employed to produce ultrafine fibers and nanofibers. In order to improve the equipment and technology of centrifugal spinning and obtain finer fibers, it is important to model the polymer drawing of the centrifugal spinning. Methods: The polymer drawing in the centrifugal spinning is modeled and simulated. The

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5

Liu, Wei, Hai Tao Wen, Zhen Tian Cui, Huan Lou, Yuan Zhe Liu, and Qian Ru Shang. "Application Analysis on Force Multiplication Drawing Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.147.

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In the field of mechanical installation and repairing, drawing devices are often used to disassemble or push up components of various types of axie and set. Nowadays it is widely used in areas such as mechanical installation, machinery manufacturing, machinery repair, but still have problems to be used well with an appropriate force. The article presents a new kind of drawing device named force multiplication drawing device. It is designed by using the lever principle and can acquire much stronger drawing force. After theoretical calculations, it is proved to be very valuable.

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Radionova, L. V., D. V. Gromov, R. A. Lisovskii, L. A. Glebov, and V. A. Bykov. "Experimental methods for measuring wire drawing force." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 80, no. 11 (2024): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2024-11-18-28.

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The article describes three experimental methods for determining the drawing force - strain gauge, indirect using electrical value sensors installed as part of an electric drive and contactless by measuring wire vibrations and converting the obtained frequencies into an electrical signal. The strain gauge method for determining the drawing force is the most accurate, since the measurement is carried out directly, i.e. it allows measuring the force of the die pressure on the strain gauge directly. Calibration of the strain gauge with a weighing converter carried out on a verified electromechani

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7

Chai, Un Chin, Gow Yi Tzou, and Ing Kiat Tiong. "Drawing Force Optimization Research on Forming Parameters of Drawing Wire Rod with Rotating Die under Coulomb Friction." Materials Science Forum 920 (April 2018): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.920.3.

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An optimization research based on the drawing force is done on several forming parameters of metal rod drawing through a rotating die under Coulomb friction. The metal rod and the rotating die are constructed in SolidWorks and imported into FEM simulation software named DEFORM 3D. In this study, the FEM simulation is carried out by using DEFORM 3D combining with Taguchi method to explore the effective stress, the effective strain, and the velocity field. The influence rank of parameters to the drawing force is obtained, and the optimal parameters’ combination is determined by using Taguchi met

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8

Chen, Kelin, Adrian J. Carter, and Yannis P. Korkolis. "Flange Wrinkling in Deep-Drawing: Experiments, Simulations and a Reduced-Order Model." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 4 (2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6040076.

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Flange wrinkling is often seen in deep-drawing process when the applied blankholding force is too small. This paper investigates the plastic wrinkling of flange under a constant blankholding force. A series of deep-drawing experiments of AA1100-O blanks are conducted with different blankholding forces. The critical cup height and wrinkling wave numbers for each case is established. A reduced-order model of flange wrinkling is developed using the energy method, which is implemented to predict the flange wrinkling of AA1100-O sheet by incrementally updating the flange geometry and material harde

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9

Chang, Qun Feng, Ying Hong Peng, Da Yong Li, and Xiao Qin Zeng. "Experimental Research on Warm Deep Drawing of Magnesium Alloy Sheet by Variable Blank Holder Force Control." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.285.

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A process of warm deep drawing of magnesium alloy with variable blank holder force has been presented in this study. A hydraulic press that can realize adjustable blank holder forces was developed and its working principle and control system introduced. A warm deep drawing mould was fixed and warm deep drawing experiments are conducted on the hydraulic press. Different variation schemes of the blank holder force with the stroke of the punch was tested, and compared with experiment results. The experimental results show that adopting the variable blank holder force technique can remarkably impr

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10

Tolazzi, Massimo, M. Meiler, and Marion Merklein. "Tribological Investigations on Coated Steel Sheets Using the Dry Film Lubricant Drylube E1." Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (May 2005): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.565.

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Tribological aspects strongly influence the deep drawing behaviour of sheet metal, being responsible for both the punch force and the material draw-in from the flange. Recent developments in lubrication technology have shown that dry film lubricants can be a good alternative to conventional fluid lubricants in case of aluminium sheets. Their main advantages are the homogeneous distribution on the blank surface, the good adhesion to the surface and the possibility of applying it already in the rolling mill. In order to introduce this technology in series production also for steel sheets more kn

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11

Djordjević, Milan, Vesna Mandić, Srbislav Aleksandrović, et al. "Experimental-numerical analysis of contact conditions influence on the ironing strip drawing process." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 4 (2017): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-05-2016-0113.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is comparison of experimental values of the drawing forces to numerical values in different contact conditions, taking into account the appearance of galling which occurs due to of difficult drawing process conditions. Design/methodology/approach The following two research approaches are used in this paper – the physical modeling, realized by the laboratory experiment, and the numerical simulation of the ironing drawing process. By analyzing the obtained results, the technique of physical modeling, with help of the laboratory equipment and numerical simulation

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12

Kumar, R. Uday, P. Ravinder Reddy, and A. V. Sita Ramaraju. "Effect of viscosity on radial stress, drawing stress and drawing force in fluid assisted deep drawing process." International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology 3, no. 5/6 (2011): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcaet.2011.042366.

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13

Ren, Shuo, Jian Xing Wu, and Jian Zhong Li. "Relationship Study between Bolt Shape and Anchor Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 1050–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1050.

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Relationship between bolt rib type, rib height, rib spacing and anchor performance have been studied through laboratory drawing test method. Bolt rib type plays a significant impact on the bolt anchor performance. The bigger of the bolt rib height and higher of the drawing force, the better of the anchor performance, but when the rib reach a certain height, drawing force will not increase obvious with the continue increase of rib height. Drawing force will different if the rib spacing is different, and with the increase of rib spacing, drawing force will increase at first and then reduce. When

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14

Hajiahmadi, Saeed, Majid Elyasi, and Mohsen Shakeri. "Evaluation of drawing force by a new dimensionless method in deep drawing process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 13 (2020): 1604–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405420929770.

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In this research, geometric parameters were given in dimensionless form by the Π- Buckingham dimensional analysis method in the dimensionless group for deep drawing of a round cup. To find the best group of dimensionless parameters and the fittest dimensionless relational model, three scales of the cup are evaluated numerically by a commercial finite element software and stepwise regression modeling. After analyzing all effective geometric parameters, a fittest relational model among dimensionless parameters is found. In addition, the results of the new dimensionless model were compared with t

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15

Thiruvarudchelvan, S., and W. G. Lewis. "Deep Drawing With Blank Holder Force Approximately Proportional to the Punch Force." Journal of Engineering for Industry 112, no. 3 (1990): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899587.

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A new method of applying blank holding force approximately proportional to the punch force in cup drawing is presented. An annular urethane pad compressed between two parts of a punch expands and applies pressure against the tubular part of a blank holder. As the punch moves to draw the blank, friction between the urethane pad and the blank holder applies automatically a blank holding force approximately proportional to the punch force. Experimental investigations were carried out with aluminum blanks to determine the optimum conditions to obtain wrinkle-free cups. Variations of the punch forc

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16

Behrens, Bernd Arno, J. W. Yun, and M. Milch. "Closed-Loop-Control of the Material Flow in the Deep Drawing Process." Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (May 2005): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.321.

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In this paper, a concept of a closed-loop-control system for the material flow in deep drawing processes based on a fuzzy-controller is presented. The deep drawing process is influenced by different variables as batch dependent material values, machine parameters as well as variations in the forming tools. Process stability can be improved by continuous process monitoring and process control. The control loop for controlling the material flow consists of an optical sensor, a deep drawing tool with an elastic blank holder, a fuzzy controller and a deep drawing press with a multi point drawing c

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17

Bella, Peter, Pavol Buček, Martin Ridzoň, Milan Mojžiš, and Ľudovít Parilák. "Influence of Die Geometry on Drawing Force in Cold Drawing of Steel Tubes Using Numerical Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.708.

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In Železiarne Podbrezová, cold drawing process is the final process in production of precision seamless steel tubes. This particular technology utilizes multiple drawing sequences and intermediate annealing. From the physical point of view, it is nothing just the optimal use of plastic deformation during cold forming that grants the final tube dimensions. The drawing process itself is significantly affected by physical and metallurgical properties of the tube, the tool geometry, the lubrication, and the sequence of operations. This paper deals with the relationship between the tool geometry

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18

Lin, Qi Quan, Zhen Zhu Wang, Yan Rong Peng, Cheng Wu Hu, Wen Zheng Dong, and Ying Le Wang. "An Analytical Solution of the Subsequent Drawing Force on Multistage Deep Drawing of Cylindrical Cup." Key Engineering Materials 794 (February 2019): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.794.28.

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In multistage deep drawing process, the subsequent drawing force (SDF) is a key reference value, which plays a significant role on the practical die structure design. In the present study, an analytical calculation of the radial stress at the die exit as well as the SDF in cylindrical cup drawing process are proposed, considering the previous strain hardening in the first drawing, normal anisotropy, frictional coefficient and die arc radius. As a result, the calculated maximum subsequent drawing force (MSDF) is in good agreement with experimental result. Besides, the MSDF decreases as normal a

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19

Morozov, Yury A. "Force parameters of metal deformation during sheet drawing." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 16, no. 6 (2020): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2020-16-6-493-503.

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The aim of the work. The effect of the curvature of the rounding of torus surfaces during the formation of a cylindrical product (glass) is investigated, taking into account the plastic thinning of the deformable material at the end edges of the matrix and pressing punch. Methods. The existing scheme for determining the power parameters of sheet drawing is analyzed, based on the assumption of the implementation of some abstract stress state in the material; mainly conditional tensile strength. At the same time, the possibility of forming the product without destruction determines the obvious o

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20

Walshaw, Chris. "A Multilevel Algorithm for Force-Directed Graph-Drawing." Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications 7, no. 3 (2003): 253–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7155/jgaa.00070.

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21

Benjamin, Andrew. "The preliminary: notes on the force of drawing." Journal of Architecture 19, no. 4 (2014): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2014.953191.

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22

QIN, Si-ji, Bai-qing XIONG, Hong LU, and Ting-ting ZHANG. "Critical blank-holder force in axisymmetric deep drawing." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 22 (December 2012): s239—s246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(12)61714-2.

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23

Xu, Taihua, Jie Yang, and Guanglei Gou. "A Force-Directed Algorithm for Drawing Directed Graphs Symmetrically." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (November 19, 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6208509.

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Symmetry is one of the most important aesthetic criteria on graph drawing. It is quite necessary to measure the extent to which the drawings can be considered symmetric. For this purpose, a symmetric metric based on vertex coordinate calculation is proposed in this paper. It is proven theoretically and experimentally that the proposed metric is robust to contraction, expansion, and rotation of drawings. This robustness conforms to human perception of symmetry. Star-subgraphs and cycles are two common structures in digraphs. Both of them have inherent symmetry which should be displayed in drawi

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24

Khaimovich, Irina, and Aleksandr Khaimovich. "Optimization of wire drawing process in terms of rheological characteristics of stretching material and refinement of die hole geometry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 3 (2022): 032010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/3/032010.

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Abstract The article discusses the improvement of the analytical method for calculating the wire drawing force, taking into account the rheological properties of the material being pulled and clarifying the geometry of the die hole, provides a new analytical model for calculating the drawing force, describes the algorithm for calculating the drawing force, analyzes the results of modeling the drawing process for round products.

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25

Nikitin, A. G., A. R. Fastykovskii, and S. P. Gerasimov. "Improving operation of a drawing mill." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 67, no. 6 (2024): 731–34. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2024-6-731-734.

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The report considers the purpose of drawing mills and possible violations of the technological process associated with the design flaws of drawing mill drive. We analyzed the design of a planetary gearbox with a common carrier used in the drive of the stretching drum of a drawing mill. During the operation of such a transmission, there are disadvantages: due to the imbalance of links of the mechanism relative to the central axis, additional dynamic forces arise. This design transmits movement from the leading link to the carrier only through one satellite, the teeth of which perceive all the f

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26

Alexandrov, Sergei, Yeong-Maw Hwang, and Hiu Shan Rachel Tsui. "Determining the Drawing Force in a Wire Drawing Process Considering an Arbitrary Hardening Law." Processes 10, no. 7 (2022): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10071336.

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The present paper considers the wire drawing process through a conical die and provides an approximate solution for the drawing force, assuming an arbitrary hardening law. The solution is based on the upper bound theorem. However, this theorem does not apply to the stationary flow of strain-hardening materials. Therefore, an adopted engineering approach is to replace the original material model with a non-homogeneous, perfectly plastic model. The kinematically admissible velocity field is derived from an exact semi-analytical solution for the flow through an infinite channel, which increases t

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Liu, Wei, Ying Shen, and Cheng Lu. "Differential Thread Principle’s Application in Manual Drawing Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.329.

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The differential thread is composed of two threads, which generally both rotate in clockwise direction, but their screw pairs have distinct thread pitches. When they rotate a period, the movement distance is the screw distance of the screw pairs. Through the application of differential thread, the transmission, which includes distance and force transmission, can be increased or decreased [1]. Based on this principle, when it is applied to the manual drawing device, better effects can be received. So, the multifunction manual drawing device is designed by using the principle of differential thr

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28

Buckingham-Hsiao, Roland. "Drawing Breath." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 8, no. 1 (2023): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00108_1.

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This project describes and discusses the performance piece Drawing Breath (2022), which combined ethnographic research into traditional Chinese calligraphy with experimental art practices to produce a drawn visualization of breathing. It first identifies the ways in which breathing is related to the practice and appreciation of Chinese calligraphy, then discusses other aspects of traditional Chinese writing practice relevant to issues of movement and embodiment. Notions of qi (‘breath’ or ‘energy’) and its associated meditative and physical practices are related to calligraphic mark-making, an

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29

Reeve, Hayden M., Ann M. Mescher, and Ashley F. Emery. "Investigation of Steady-State Drawing Force and Heat Transfer in Polymer Optical Fiber Manufacturing." Journal of Heat Transfer 126, no. 2 (2004): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1677420.

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The force required to draw a polymer preform into optical fiber is predicted and measured, along with the resultant free surface shape of the polymer, as it is heated in an enclosed cylindrical furnace. The draw force is a function of the highly temperature dependent polymer viscosity. Therefore accurate prediction of the draw force relies critically on the predicted heat transfer within the furnace. In this investigation, FIDAP was used to solve the full axi-symmetric conjugate problem, including natural convection, thermal radiation, and prediction of the polymer free surface. Measured and p

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30

Zein, Hussein, and Osama M. Irfan. "Optimization and Mapping of the Deep Drawing Force Considering Friction Combination." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (2021): 9235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199235.

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Deep drawing is characterized by extremely complex deformation that is influenced by process characteristics such as die and punch shapes, blank shape, blank holding force, material properties, and lubrication. The optimization of the deep drawing process is a challenging issue due to the complicated functions that define and relate the process parameters. However, the optimization is essential to enhance the productivity and the product cost in the deep drawing process. In this paper, a MATLAB toolbox (Pattern Search) was employed to minimize the maximum deep drawing force (Fd-min) at differe

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31

Tiong, Ing-Kiat, Un-Chin Chai, and Gow-Yi Tzou. "Forming parameters optimizations with drawing force and die stress in wire rod drawing using rotating die under Coulomb friction." MATEC Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818500025.

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An optimization research is performed on the related forming parameters of wire rod drawing through a rotating die under Coulomb friction. The optimization research is conducted through finite element method (FEM) simulation combined with Taguchi method. There are two drawing characteristic optimizations have been carried out. They are the optimizations with drawing force and die stress. The forming parameters considered in this study are half die angle, frictional coefficient, die fillet, and rotating angular velocity of the rotating die. The same procedure is carried out in both optimization

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32

Wang, Tao, Xiaochuan Chen, Jun Wang, and Yong Li. "Modeling and drafting process simulation of cotton slivers based on an octahedron structure." Textile Research Journal 92, no. 7-8 (2021): 1288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405175211056383.

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In order to study the variation of the drafting force of cotton slivers, a three-dimensional model of cotton slivers was proposed. The model is based on the three-dimensional network structure of the fibers in the cotton sliver. The three-dimensional network structure is simulated by an octahedron. Based on the similarity between dynamic drawing and static drawing, the static drawing simulation of the model is carried out by using ANSYS software, and the static drawing force of different quantitative cotton slivers is simulated. The results show that the average relative error of the static st

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33

Stopa, Marcelo Martins, and Braz J. Cardoso Filho. "Online Torque and Drawing Force Estimation in Wire Drawing Process From Electric Motor Variables." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 44, no. 3 (2008): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2008.921449.

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Lenske, Alexander, Tobias Müller, Marek Hauptmann, and Jens-Peter Majschak. "New method to evaluate the frictional behavior within the forming gap during the deep drawing process of paperboard." BioResources 13, no. 3 (2018): 5580–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.5580-5597.

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To evaluate the influence of different normal forces and contact temperatures on the frictional behavior of paperboard during the deep drawing process, a new measurement punch was developed to measure the normal force, which induced the friction within the gap between the forming cavity and punch. The resulting dynamic coefficient of friction was calculated and reproduced via a new developed substitute test for the friction measurement device, which was first introduced in Lenske et al. (2017). The normal force within the forming gap during the deep drawing process was influenced by the blankh

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35

Wu, Jie, and Qiu Quan Wang. "Research of Automatic Drawing Scheduling Network Method Based on Force-Directed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 722 (December 2014): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.722.338.

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Automatic drawing algorithm has been one of the hotspot in research of drawing. So far there is no completely effective method. Force-directed graph drawing algorithm is based on physics model, makes the drawing problem into force for solving the problem in physics, then into unconstrained optimization for solving the problem in mathematics. Its advantage is based on people familiar with the physical model, and the principle is easy to understand. We can draw large-scale graphics with symmetrical and beautiful appearance through certain set and the improvement. At the advantages of Force-direc

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Venkateshwar Reddy, P., S. Hari Prasad, Perumalla Janaki Ramulu, Sirish Battacharya, and Daya Sindhu Guptha. "Effect of Geometries of Die/Blank Holder and Punch Radii in Angular Deep-Drawing Dies on DP Steel Formability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.269.

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In recent days deep-drawing is one of the most important methods used for sheet metal forming. The geometries of die/blank holder and punch are one of the parameters for deep-drawing. This paper presents an attempt to determine the effect of different geometries of die/blank holder, punch radii and blank holding force on deep drawing process for the formability of DP Steel of 1mm sheet. The numerical simulations are performed for deep drawing of cylindrical cups at a constant frictional coefficient of 0.12 and different blank holding forces of 10, 15 and 20kN are used. For numerical simulation

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Hao, Hai Bin, and Chang Cai Zhao. "Research on CNG Control Bottle Drawing Process and Model Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.466.

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Since the energy problem is more and more serious, the CNG cylinders are used more and more widely. Meanwhile, more and more attention has been paid to the manufacturing and research and development of CNG cylinders. Based on the CNG cylinder drawing process, finite element software is adopted to research the parameters of drawing circle during the drawing process to find the optimum die-entrance angle and optimum die radius under minimum drawing force. Meanwhile, a contrastive research is done to the drawing forces with different different drawing ratios and different friction coefficients. D

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38

Necpal, Martin, Maroš Martinkovič, and Štefan Václav. "Determination of the Coefficient of Friction Under Cold Tube Drawing Using FEM Simulation and Drawing Force Measurement." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 26, no. 42 (2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2018-0003.

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Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe the methodology to define coefficient of friction between a tool and a forming material during tube cold draw technology process. In this regard, an experimental drawing process was done by using the tensile testing machine. The tensile testing machine was modified by additional equipment that allows drawing the tube. During the drawing, the force was recorded. Subsequently, the finite element simulation of cold draw forming was used to generate load-stroke curves with different friction coefficient. The friction coefficient was estimated by

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39

Cheong, Se-Hang, and Yain-Whar Si. "Force-directed algorithms for schematic drawings and placement: A survey." Information Visualization 19, no. 1 (2019): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871618821740.

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Force-directed algorithms have been developed over the last 50 years and used in many application fields, including information visualisation, biological network visualisation, sensor networks, routing algorithms, scheduling, and graph drawing. Our survey provides a comprehensive summary of developments and a full roadmap for state-of-the-art force-directed algorithms in schematic drawings and placement. We classified the model of force-directed algorithms into classical and hybrid. The classical force-directed algorithms are further classified as follows: (a) accumulated force models, (b) ene

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40

Lazarescu, Lucian, Ioan Nicodim, and Dorel Banabic. "Evaluation of Drawing Force and Thickness Distribution in the Deep-Drawing Process with Variable Blank-Holding." Key Engineering Materials 639 (March 2015): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.639.33.

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In the deep drawing process, the blank-holding force (BHF) is an important process parameter affecting the energy consumption and the successful production of parts. In the present work, both experiments and finite element simulations have been conducted to investigate the influence of constant and time variable BHF on drawing force (DF) and thickness distribution in the deep drawing process of cylindrical and square cups. A finite element model was developed in the AutoForm software and validated with experiments. The developed model has been used for the simulation of deep drawing process of

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Lu, Guang Hua, Zhen Ying Xu, Rong Mao Wang, and Yun Wang. "Experimental Study of Micro Deep Drawing for H62 Brass." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.548.

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In this paper, the influence of grain size and blank hold force on micro deep drawing stress and displacement are studied by self-made device. The results show that drawing stress decreases and elongation rate increases with the increase of grain size, the concentrated force area of cylinder-shaped part is transferred from the area punch fillet to die fillet area. Twin grain ratio and twinning degree near the punch fillet are increasing. Twin grain distribution becomes uneven with the increase of grain size. In micro deep drawing, the displacement increases with the increase of blank hold forc

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Qu, Qing Wen, Tian Ke Sun, Shao Qing Wang, Hong Juan Yu, and Fang Li. "Study of the Parameters of Deep Drawing Process Based on the Simulation of Dynaform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.51.

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A simulation of deep drawing process on the sheet metal was done by using Dynaform, the influence of blank holder force, deep drawing speed and friction coefficient on the forming speed of sheet metal in the deep drawing process were got. The forming speed of sheet metal determines the quality of deep drawing, in the deep drawing process the blank holder force and the deep drawing speed are controllable parameters, the friction coefficient can be intervened and controlled, and it’s a manifestation of the interaction of all parameters, the main factors which influence the friction coefficient j

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Dong, Weian, Chunxu Li, Xiaokui Xu, and Shaoxiang Li. "Pallet Stamping Die Design." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2402, no. 1 (2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2402/1/012015.

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Abstract Nowadays, the level of stamping dies in the world has been greatly improved, and stamping technology has also developed greatly. Based on the analysis of the pallet parts, it is determined that the required processes are punching and blanking. The compound dying for punching and blanking was chosen for processing after the processing method was examined. Specific design process: analyze the material used for the part, calculate the required punching force, and select the required press according to the punching force, the closing height of the die, and the size of the die handle hole.

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Peng, Ying Hong, Qun Feng Chang, Da Yong Li, Hu Jie, and Xiao Qin Zeng. "Numerical Simulation of Warm Deep Drawing of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet with Variable Blank Holder Force." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.639.

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Blank holder force (BHF) plays an important role in sheet metal forming. Previous studies demonstrated that variable blank holder forces can improve the cold formability of steel blank, but the research on the application of variable blank holder force in warm forming of magnesium sheet forming has not been well investigated. In this study, the mechanical property of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet is measured through some uniaxial tensile tests. In order to obtain the variational rule of the BHF, a mathematical model of BHF is deduced based on the energy theory. The variational rule of the BHF ove

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Kapustová, Mária, Róbert Sobota, and Martin Necpal. "The Influence of Technological Parameters on Drawing Force at Cold Drawing of Steel Tubes Using FEM Simulation." Solid State Phenomena 294 (July 2019): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.294.124.

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The process of cold die drawing of tubes is ranked among frequently used methods of production of seamless tubes and is performed in drawing tool which is characterized by simple design. Shape and dimensions of the drawing tool depend on tube reduction degree, i. e. on original diameter of initial tube and final internal diameter of the tube. Tube wall thickness is not determined by any tool. The technology of cold die drawing of tubes is influenced by various process parameters, i.e. geometry of the die itself, strain degree and strain rate, force conditions, conditions of friction, method of

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Chen, Qingfa, Shikang Qin, and Shiwei Wu. "Quantitative Study on the Contact Force and Force Chain Characteristics of Ore Particle Systems during Ore Drawing from a Single Drawpoint under the Influence of a Flexible Barrier." Geofluids 2020 (February 19, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1270761.

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It is of great significance to carry out quantitative research on the contact force chain characteristics of ore particle systems during ore drawing to reveal the microscopic and mesoscopic characteristics of ore particle systems during implementation of the synchronous filling shrinkage stoping method. Based on the particle discrete element method, combined with the relevant knowledge of contact mechanics and statistical mechanics, microscopic properties of the ore particle system were studied quantitatively. (1) The probability distributions of the normal and tangential contact forces during

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Radionova, Liudmila V., Dmitry V. Gromov, Roman A. Lisovskiy, and Ivan N. Erdakov. "Experimental Determination and Calculation of the Wire Drawing Force in Monolithic Dies on Straight-Line Drawing Machines." Machines 11, no. 2 (2023): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11020252.

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In this article, a mathematical model has been developed for calculating the energy-power parameters of the drawing process in monolithic dies on straight-line drawing machines, and its adequacy has been validated in experimental wire drawing on a laboratory automated drawing machine. The program allows us to calculate drawing stress, drawing force, tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy after wire drawing, safety factor, and drawing power. The developed mathematical model differs in that it allows us to evaluate the uniformity of deformation over the wire section, depending on the t

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Suliga, M. "The Analysis of Force Parameters in Drawing Process of High Carbon Steel Wires in Conventional and Hydrodynamic Dies." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 4 (2017): 2231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0329.

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AbstractThe paper analyzes force parameters in the process of multistage drawing of steel wires in conventional and hydrodynamic dies. The drawing process of the wire rod with a diameter of 5.5 mm for wires with a diameter of 1.70 mm was performed in 12 drafts with the usage of the multistage drawbench Koch KGT with the speed range of 5-25 m/s.Modern software of multistage drawbenches allows direct reading of many parameters during the drawing process, including drawing power. The force and drawing stress in each drafts were determined relying on experimental measurements. A complement to the

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Chen, Kang, Cheng Yun Peng, Tao Zhou, and Bao Bao Li. "Analysis of Numerical Simulation in the Deep Drawing of Box-Shaped Parts Using Variable Blank Holder Force." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2694.

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Blank holder force of box deep drawing is studied changes with time and displacement by DYNAFORM numerical simulation software. The results shows that, when the straight edge part of the blank holder force is constant, rounded part adopts small blank holder force can significantly improve the forming limit of box deep drawing, but the wrinkle is still evident. If the straight edge and rounded part of the blank holder force changes with time, not only deep drawing limit increase, wrinkles are also significantly reduced, indicating that the forming limit of the box shaped part is more effective

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Wang, Z. T., G. F. Luan, and G. R. Bai. "Study of the deformation velocity field and drawing force during the dieless drawing of tube." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 94, no. 2-3 (1999): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(98)00452-x.

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