Academic literature on the topic 'DRE'
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Journal articles on the topic "DRE"
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Recker and Lümmen. "Prostate cancer: early detection – when and what." Therapeutische Umschau 57, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.57.1.33.
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Das Prostatakarzinom ist mittlerweile der am häufigsten diagnostizierte Tumor des Mannes und stellt nach dem Bronchialkarzinom die zweithäufigste maligne Todesursache dar. Ausschließlich das auf die Prostata begrenzte Karzinom ist einer kurativen Therapie zuführbar. Da der organbegrenzte Befund in der Regel klinisch asymptomatisch ist, wurde seinerzeit die klassische Vorsorgeuntersuchung, die digitale rektale Palpation (DRE), eingeführt. Die DRE entdeckt jedoch die Karzinome zu selten und in über 50% in pathologisch schon fortgeschrittenen Stadien. Der Serum Tumormarker Prostata Spezifisches Antigen (PSA) hingegen entdeckt die organbegrenzten Tumoren etwa dreimal so häufig im Vergleich zur DRE und insbesondere in organbegrenzten kurablen Stadien. Die Indikation zur Stanzbiopsie der Prostata ist eindeutig oberhalb eines PSA > 4 ng/ml (Hybritech Assay) gegeben. Einer von fünf Patienten ist Träger eines Karzinoms. Eine abwartende diagnostische Haltung in dem sogenannten Intermediärbereich PSA 4–10 ng/ml ist als obsolet zu betrachten, da bei einem PSA > 10 ng/ml nur noch 15 bis 44% der Tumore organbegrenzt sind. Die obere Altersgrenze für einen jährlichen Checkup liegt bei einem biologischen Alter von rund 70 Jahren, da auch unter einer «wait and see» Therapie ungefähr 85% dieser Patienten bei organbegrenztem Befund zehn Jahre krankheitsspezifisch überleben. Das Angebot einer Vorsorgeuntersuchung (DRE/PSA) sollte ab dem 50. Lebensjahr in der Sprechstunde gemacht werden. Bei familiärer Belastung ist die untere Altersgrenze auf 45 Jahre zurückzusetzen. Die häufig vorgebrachte Äußerung, daß in Vorsorgeuntersuchungen klinisch irrelevante Karzinome entdeckt werden, ist nicht haltbar, da nicht sämtliche 40% autoptisch prävalenten Karzinome gefunden werden, sondern nur etwa 3 bis 4% mit einem jeweiligen relevanten Tumorvolumen von > 0.5 ccm. Daten über den eventuellen Benefit eines Prostatakrebs-Screening (direkte Aufforderung zur Vorsorgeuntersuchung auch außerhalb der Sprechstundenbesuche) werden erst im Jahre 2005 zur Verfügung stehen.
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Reis, Leonardo Oliveira, Antonio Felipe Leite Simão, Jamal Baracat, Fernandes Denardi, and Antonio Gugliotta. "Digital Rectal Examination Standardization for Inexperienced Hands: Teaching Medical Students." Advances in Urology 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/797096.
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Objectives.To standardize digital rectal examination (DRE) and set how it correlates with the comprehensive evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Methods.After scaled standardization of DRE based on fingertips graphical schema: 10 cubic centimeters—cc for each fingertip prostate surface area on DRE, four randomly selected senior medical students examined 48 male patients presenting with LUTS in an outpatient clinical setting, totaling 12 DRE each. Standardized DRE, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), serum PSA, transabdominal ultrasound (US), urodynamic evaluation, and postvoid residue were compared.Results.The mean and median PVs were US—45 and 34.7 cc (5.5 to 155) and DRE—39 and 37.5 cc (15 to 80). Comparing DRE and US by simple linear regression: US PV = 11.93 + 0.85 × (DRE PV);P=0.0009. Among patients classified as nonobstructed, inconclusive, and obstructed, the US PVs were 29.8, 43.2, and 53.6 cc (P=0.033), and DRE PVs were 20, 35, and 60 cc (P=0.026), respectively.Conclusion.This is the first attempt to DRE standardization focusing on teaching-learning process, establishing a linear correlation of DRE and US PVs with only 12 examinations by inexperienced hands, satisfactorily validated in an outpatient clinical setting.
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Sherman, James P., and Allison McComiskey. "Measurement-based climatology of aerosol direct radiative effect, its sensitivities, and uncertainties from a background southeast US site." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 6 (March 26, 2018): 4131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4131-2018.
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Abstract. Aerosol optical properties measured at Appalachian State University's co-located NASA AERONET and NOAA ESRL aerosol network monitoring sites over a nearly four-year period (June 2012–Feb 2016) are used, along with satellite-based surface reflectance measurements, to study the seasonal variability of diurnally averaged clear sky aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) and radiative efficiency (RE) at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface. Aerosol chemistry and loading at the Appalachian State site are likely representative of the background southeast US (SE US), home to high summertime aerosol loading and one of only a few regions not to have warmed during the 20th century. This study is the first multi-year ground truth DRE study in the SE US, using aerosol network data products that are often used to validate satellite-based aerosol retrievals. The study is also the first in the SE US to quantify DRE uncertainties and sensitivities to aerosol optical properties and surface reflectance, including their seasonal dependence.Median DRE for the study period is −2.9 W m−2 at the TOA and −6.1 W m−2 at the surface. Monthly median and monthly mean DRE at the TOA (surface) are −1 to −2 W m−2 (−2 to −3 W m−2) during winter months and −5 to −6 W m−2 (−10 W m−2) during summer months. The DRE cycles follow the annual cycle of aerosol optical depth (AOD), which is 9 to 10 times larger in summer than in winter. Aerosol RE is anti-correlated with DRE, with winter values 1.5 to 2 times more negative than summer values. Due to the large seasonal dependence of aerosol DRE and RE, we quantify the sensitivity of DRE to aerosol optical properties and surface reflectance, using a calendar day representative of each season (21 December for winter; 21 March for spring, 21 June for summer, and 21 September for fall). We use these sensitivities along with measurement uncertainties of aerosol optical properties and surface reflectance to calculate DRE uncertainties. We also estimate uncertainty in calculated diurnally-averaged DRE due to diurnal aerosol variability. Aerosol DRE at both the TOA and surface is most sensitive to changes in AOD, followed by single-scattering albedo (ω0). One exception is under the high summertime aerosol loading conditions (AOD ≥ 0.15 at 550 nm), when sensitivity of TOA DRE to ω0 is comparable to that of AOD. Aerosol DRE is less sensitive to changes in scattering asymmetry parameter (g) and surface reflectance (R). While DRE sensitivity to AOD varies by only ∼ 25 to 30 % with season, DRE sensitivity to ω0, g, and R largely follow the annual AOD cycle at APP, varying by factors of 8 to 15 with season. Since the measurement uncertainties of AOD, ω0, g, and R are comparable at Appalachian State, their relative contributions to DRE uncertainty are largely influenced by their (seasonally dependent) DRE sensitivity values, which suggests that the seasonal dependence of DRE uncertainty must be accounted for. Clear sky aerosol DRE uncertainty at the TOA (surface) due to measurement uncertainties ranges from 0.45 (0.75 W m−2) for December to 1.1 (1.6 W m−2) for June. Expressed as a fraction of DRE computed using monthly median aerosol optical properties and surface reflectance, the DRE uncertainties at TOA (surface) are 20 to 24 % (15 to 22 %) for March, June, and September and 49 (50 %) for DEC. The relatively low DRE uncertainties are largely due to the low uncertainty in AOD measured by AERONET. Use of satellite-based AOD measurements by MODIS in the DRE calculations increases DRE uncertainties by a factor of 2 to 5 and DRE uncertainties are dominated by AOD uncertainty for all seasons. Diurnal variability in AOD (and to a lesser extent g) contributes to uncertainties in DRE calculated using daily-averaged aerosol optical properties that are slightly larger (by ∼ 20 to 30 %) than DRE uncertainties due to measurement uncertainties during summer and fall, with comparable uncertainties during winter and spring.
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Do, Hyun Ju, Tae Woo Oh, Ju Hye Yang, Kwang Il Park, and Jin Yeul Ma. "Davallia mariesiiMoore Improves FcεRI-Mediated Allergic Responses in the Rat Basophilic Leukemia Mast Cell Line RBL-2H3 and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in Mice." Mediators of Inflammation 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8701650.
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Davallia mariesiiMoore (Drynaria rhizome extract (DRE)) is widely known for its efficacy in treating inflammation, arteriosclerosis, and bone injuries. This study evaluated whether treatment with DRE inhibited FcɛRI-mediated allergic responses in the RBL-2H3 mast cells and investigated the early- and late-phase mechanisms by which DRE exerts its antiallergic effects. IgE anti-DNP/DNP-HSA-sensitized RBL-2H3 mast cells were tested for cytotoxicity to DRE, followed by the assessment ofβ-hexosaminidase release. We measured the amounts of inflammatory mediators (e.g., histamine, PGD2, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-6) and examined the expression of genes involved in arachidonate and FcεRI signaling pathways. In addition, we confirmed the antiallergic effects of DRE on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in mice. DRE inhibited RBL-2H3 mast cell degranulation and production of allergic mediators in them. In early allergic responses, DRE reduced expression of FcεRI signaling-related genes (e.g., Syk, Lyn, and Fyn) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in mast cells. In late allergic responses, DRE reduced PGD2release and COX-2 expression and cPLA2phosphorylation in FcɛRI-mediated mast cells. Lastly, 250–500 mg/kg DRE significantly attenuated the IgE-induced PCA reaction in mice. These findings provide novel information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiallergic effects of DRE in FcɛRI-mediated allergic responses.
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Gutman, Ivan, and Slavko Radenkovic. "Dependence of Dewar resonance energy of benzenoid molecules on Kekulé structure count." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 10 (2006): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0610039g.
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The dependence of the Dewar resonance energy (DRE) on the Kekul? structure count (K) was found to be significantly different from that earlier anticipated. Within classes of benzenoid isomers, the DRE increases either as K? for ? ? 0.3 or as (ln K) for ? ? 2. Both functional dependencies result in approximate expressions for DRE of nearly equal accuracy. Approximations of the form DRE ? a K + b and DRE ? a' ln K + b' are somewhat less accurate, but can still be used in usual practical applications of the Dewar resonance energy. .
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Thorsen, Tyler J., Richard A. Ferrare, Seiji Kato, and David M. Winker. "Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect Sensitivity Analysis." Journal of Climate 33, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 6119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0669.1.
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AbstractBoth to reconcile the large range in satellite-based estimates of the aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) and to optimize the design of future observing systems, this study builds a framework for assessing aerosol DRE uncertainty. Shortwave aerosol DRE radiative kernels (Jacobians) were derived using the MERRA-2 reanalysis data. These radiative kernels give the differential response of the aerosol DRE to perturbations in the aerosol extinction coefficient, aerosol single-scattering albedo, aerosol asymmetry factor, surface albedo, cloud fraction, and cloud optical depth. This comprehensive set of kernels provides a convenient way to consistently and accurately assess the aerosol DRE uncertainties that result from observational or model-based uncertainties. The aerosol DRE kernels were used to test the effect of simplifying the full vertical profile of aerosol scattering properties into column-integrated quantities. This analysis showed that, although the clear-sky aerosol DRE can be had fairly accurately, more significant errors occur for the all-sky DRE. The sensitivity in determining the broadband spectral dependencies of the aerosol scattering properties directly from a limited set of wavelengths was quantified. These spectral dependencies can be reasonably constrained using column-integrated aerosol scattering properties in the midvisible and near-infrared wavelengths. Separating the aerosol DRE and its kernels by scene type shows that accurate aerosol properties in the clear sky are the most crucial component of the global aerosol DRE. In cloudy skies, determining aerosol properties in the presence of optically thin cloud is more radiatively important than doing so when optically thick cloud is present.
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Liu, Yuan, Licheng Wang, Xiaoying Shen, and Lixiang Li. "New Constructions of Identity-Based Dual Receiver Encryption from Lattices." Entropy 22, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22060599.
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Dual receiver encryption (DRE), being originally conceived at CCS 2004 as a proof technique, enables a ciphertext to be decrypted to the same plaintext by two different but dual receivers and becomes popular recently due to itself useful application potentials such secure outsourcing, trusted third party supervising, client puzzling, etc. Identity-based DRE (IB-DRE) further combines the bilateral advantages/facilities of DRE and identity-based encryption (IBE). Most previous constructions of IB-DRE are based on bilinear pairings, and thus suffers from known quantum algorithmic attacks. It is interesting to build IB-DRE schemes based on the well-known post quantum platforms, such as lattices. At ACISP 2018, Zhang et al. gave the first lattice-based construction of IB-DRE, and the main part of the public parameter in this scheme consists of 2 n + 2 matrices where n is the bit-length of arbitrary identity. In this paper, by introducing an injective map and a homomorphic computation technique due to Yamada at EUROCRYPT 2016, we propose another lattice-based construction of IB-DRE in an even efficient manner: The main part of the public parameters consists only of 2 p n 1 p + 2 matrices of the same dimensions, where p ( ≥ 2 ) is a flexible constant. The larger the p and n, the more observable of our proposal. Typically, when p = 2 and n = 284 according to the suggestion given by Peikert et al., the size of public parameters in our proposal is reduced to merely 12% of Zhang et al.’s method. In addition, to lighten the pressure of key generation center, we extend our lattice-based IB-DRE scheme to hierarchical scenario. Finally, both the IB-DRE scheme and the HIB-DRE scheme are proved to be indistinguishable against adaptively chosen identity and plaintext attacks (IND-ID-CPA).
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Alston, Erica J., and Irina N. Sokolik. "A First-Order Assessment of Direct Aerosol Radiative Effect in the Southeastern U.S. Using over a Decade Long Multisatellite Data Record." Air, Soil and Water Research 9 (January 2016): ASWR.S39226. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s39226.
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Aerosols comprise a critical portion of the Earth's climate due to their radiative properties. More emphasis is now being placed upon understanding radiative effects of aerosols on a regional scale. The primary goal of this research is to estimate the aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) and examine its dynamical nature in the Southeastern U.S. based on satellite data obtained from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) instruments onboard the Terra satellite from 2000 to 2011. This 12-year analysis utilizes satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface albedo, cloud fraction, and single-scattering albedo over the Southeastern U.S. as inputs to a first-order approximation of regional top of the atmosphere DRE. Results indicate that AOD is the primary driver of DRE estimates, with surface albedo and single-scattering albedo having some appreciable effects as well. During the cooler months, the minima (less negative) of DRE vary between -6 and -3 W/m2, and during the warmer months, there is more variation with DRE maxima varying between -24 and -12.6 W/m2 for MODIS and -22.5 and -11 W/m2 for MISR. Yet if we take an average of the monthly DRE over time (12 years), we estimate Δ F = -7.57 W/m2 for MODIS and Δ F = -5.72 W/m2 for MISR. Regional assessments of the DRE show that background levels of DRE are similar to the 12-year average of satellite-based DRE, with urbanized areas having increased levels of DRE compared to background conditions. Over the study period, DRE has a positive trend (becoming less negative), which implies that the region could lose this protective top of the atmosphere cooling with the advancement of climate change impacting the biogenic emissions of aerosols.
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Liu, Jie, Chaolan Lv, Yizhou Huang, Ying Wang, Dandan Wu, Cong Zhang, Chenyu Sun, Wei Wang, and Yue Yu. "Digital Rectal Examination Is a Valuable Bedside Tool for Detecting Dyssynergic Defecation: A Diagnostic Study and a Meta-Analysis." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2021 (October 28, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5685610.
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Background. Accurate dyssynergic defecation (DD) diagnosis depends on anorectal physiological tests that are not widely available. Aim. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic yield of digital rectal examination (DRE) compared with anorectal physiological tests in diagnosing DD in patients with constipation. Methods. A total of 218 chronic constipation patients who fulfilled the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for functional constipation (FC) and underwent a standardized DRE and high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) test were enrolled in this study. The diagnostic accuracy of DRE compared with HRAM was evaluated, and the agreement between DRE and HRAM was calculated. Furthermore, a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase database was conducted to further elucidate the pooled diagnostic accuracy of DRE in DD patients. Results. A total of 101 patients (46.33%) had a DD pattern using HRAM, while 117 patients (53.67%) were diagnosed without DD. The sensitivity of DRE in diagnosing dyssynergia was 71.3%, and the specificity was 76.1%. There was a moderate agreement between DRE and HRAM for diagnosing DD (κ-coefficient = 0.474, P < 0.001 ). Meanwhile, six studies (including our study) comprising 964 constipated patients were included in our meta-analysis. The outcomes demonstrated that the AUC was 0.85 (95% CI 0.82–0.88) with 77% summary sensitivity (95% CI 65–86) and 80% summary specificity (95% CI 71–86) to diagnose DD. Conclusions. DRE could be a valuable tool for screening DD. Our study revealed acceptable sensitivity and specificity of DRE in detecting dyssynergia compared with the physiological tests. Meanwhile, our study highlights that DRE remains an important tool in clinical practice.
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Farooq, Omar, Ameer Farooq, Sunita Ghosh, Raza Qadri, Tanner Steed, Mitch Quinton, and Nawaid Usmani. "The Digital Divide: A Retrospective Survey of Digital Rectal Examinations during the Workup of Rectal Cancers." Healthcare 9, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070855.
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Background: Digital rectal examination (DRE) is considered an important part of the physical examination. However, it is unclear how many patients have a DRE performed at the primary care level in the work-up of rectal cancer, and if the absence of a DRE causes a delay to consultation with a specialist. Methods: A retrospective patient questionnaire was sent to 1000 consecutive patients with stage II or stage III rectal cancer. The questionnaire asked patients to recall if they had a DRE performed by their general practitioner (GP) when they first presented with symptoms or a positive FIT test. Demographic data, staging data, and time to consultation with a specialist were also collected. Results: A thousand surveys were mailed out, and a total of 262 patients responded. Of the respondents, 46.2% did not recall undergoing a digital rectal examination by their primary care provider. Women were less likely to undergo a DRE than men (28.6% vs. 44.3%, p = 0.019). While there was a trend towards longer times to specialist consultation in patients who did not undergo a DRE (27.0 vs. 12.2 weeks), this was not statistically significant (p = 0.121). Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients who are FIT positive or have symptomatic rectal bleeding do not recall having a DRE by their primary care provider. Barriers may include lack of comfort with performing DRE or lack of time. Clearer guidelines and more support for GP’s may increase uptake of DRE.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "DRE"
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Stanzani, Livia Maria Lopes. "A preditibilidade dos métodos de apresentação das despesas na DRE." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96133/tde-20092017-153141/.
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O objetivo deste estudo é verificar se a apresentação das despesas por função na DRE proporciona menor capacidade preditiva aos usuários, especialmente aos analistas de mercado, comparada à apresentação das despesas por natureza. O CPC 26 permite duas formas de apresentação das despesas na DRE, função ou natureza, o que é caracterizado como uma escolha contábil de apresentação. No entanto, se a empresa optar pela divulgação por função, deve apresentar, também, a informação por natureza em nota explicativa, dado que essa informação apresenta capacidade preditiva, segundo o IASB. No Brasil, a lei 6.404/76 induz a maioria das empresas a divulgar as despesas por função, o que torna a informação por natureza disponível, também, para a maioria das companhias. Existem estudos que analisam como os critérios de mensuração e reconhecimento afetam a capacidade preditiva da informação divulgada. Outros trabalhos sugerem que as escolhas contábeis de reconhecimento e mensuração podem interferir na acurácia das projeções dos analistas de mercado. Entretanto, a forma como a escolha de apresentação dos itens na DRE interfere na capacidade preditiva dos usuários, especialmente para os analistas de mercado, não está suficientemente clara na literatura. Mais especificamente com relação à forma de apresentação das despesas, não se sabe se a escolha de um método em detrimento de outro pode impactar a qualidade da informação para o usuário. Então, foram analisadas 54 empresas brasileiras de capital aberto, pertencentes a seis setores da BOVESPA, durante um período de cinco anos, por meio da utilização de análise de dados em painel. De um modo geral, os resultados sugerem que a informação por natureza é mais preditiva para o usuário e que os analistas podem errar menos em suas projeções de resultado com o uso da informação sobre despesas apresentada por natureza, dado que esta informação é disponibilizada em nota explicativa nos demonstrativos contábeis das companhias brasileiras. Assim, o estudo traz evidências de que a escolha da forma de apresentação das despesas na DRE não é indiferente para o usuário, já que pode afetar a sua capacidade de predizer fluxos de caixa futuros. Além disso, como contribuição prática, espera-se mostrar que os analistas podem melhorar a acurácia de suas previsões ao utilizarem o método de apresentação das despesas por natureza para realizar suas projeções, especialmente quando analisam empresas com alto nível de custos fixos.The aim of this study is to verify if the presentation of the expenses by function in the income statement provides less predictability to the users, especially to the market analysts, compared to the presentation of expenses by nature. CPC 26 allows two forms of presentation of expenses at the income statement, by function and by nature, what is characterized as an accounting choice of presentation. However, if the company opts for disclosure by function, it must also present information by nature in an explanatory note, given that this information presents predictive capacity, according to the IASB. In Brazil, the Law No. 6.404 /76 induces most of companies to disclose expenses by function, which makes the information by nature also available for most companies. Studies had already analyzed how measurement and recognition criteria affect a predictive capacity of the information disclosed. Other works suggest that accounting recognition and measurement choices may interfere in analysts\' forecasts. However, the way in which the choice of presentation of items in the income statement interferes in the predictive capacity of users, especially for market analysts, is not sufficiently clear in the literature. More specifically, regarding to expenses presentation, it is not known whether the choice of one method over another can generate differences for the predictive capacity of the user. It was analyzed a sample of 54 Brazilian publicly companies belonging to six sectors of BOVESPA over a five-year period, using panel data analysis. Overall, the results suggest that information by nature is more predictive for the user and that analysts can improve the accuracy of their forecasts using the information of expenses presented by nature, since this information is available in an explanatory note in the financial statements of Brazilian companies. Thus, the study provides evidence that the choice of expenses presentation at the income statement is important to the user, as it may affect their ability to predict future cash flows. Moreover, as a practical contribution, this study shows that analysts can improve the accuracy of their forecasts by using the method of presenting expenses by nature to carry out their projections, especially when analyzing companies with high fixed costs.
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Böhm, Ramona. "Kombination der Rekombinationssysteme Cre/loxP und Dre/rox für den genetischen rescue in knockout-Mausmodellen am Beispiel der mitochondrialen Thioredoxinreduktase." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-156600.
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Die mitochondriale Thioredoxinreduktase (Txnrd2) stellt als ubiquitär exprimiertes Selenoprotein ein wichtiges redox-aktives Enzymsystem zum Schutz vor oxidativem Stress dar. In einem Txnrd2-defizienten Mausmodell stellte sich eine embryonale Letalität am Tag E13.0 heraus. Hingegen zeigte sich in einem pankreasspezifischen Txnrd2-knockout ab der vierten Woche post partum eine spontan entstehende Pankreaserkrankung, die sich innerhalb einen Jahres zu einer fibrotischen exokrinen Pankreashypotrophie entwickelte. Dieses pankreasspezifische Modell, das durch Kreuzung einer Ptf1a-Cre transgenen Linie mit einer Mauslinie, deren Txnrd2 von loxP Sequenzen flankiert ist, generiert wurde, wird derzeit umfassend untersucht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit erfolgte die Generierung und Testung zweier Targetingvektoren zur Etablierung eines Mausmodells, das die Überexpression der murinen Txnrd2 in unterschiedlichen Organsystemen erlaubt. Dies geschieht im Hinblick auf die Generierung eines genetischen rescue des Txnrd2-Phänotyps im bestehenden pankreasspezifischen knockout-Modell zur Klärung der Fragestellung, ob durch das Wiedereinschalten der Txnrd2 Veränderungen oder gar eine Reversibilität des beobachteten Phänotyps möglich sind.
Zur Etablierung des rescue wurde eine konditionale Komplementationsstrategie aus den Rekombinationssystemen Cre/loxP und Dre/rox gewählt. Zwei Targetingvektoren pROSA-roxSTOProx-Txnrd2-IresLacZ und pHprt-CAGGs-loxSTOPlox-DreERT2 wurden kloniert. Durch die Kombination beider Konstrukte mit dem zuvor erwähnten pankreasspezifischen knockout katalysiert Cre die Rekombination des gefloxten Txnrd2-Allels sowie der loxSTOPlox-Kassette vor DreERT2 im Pankreas während der Embryonalentwicklung. So erfolgt zeitgleich mit der knockout-Induktion die DreERT2-Expression. Jedoch erfolgt die DreERT2-Aktivierung erst nach Tamoxifengabe. Das aktivierte Dre rekombiniert die roxSTOProx-Kassette vor der Txnrd2-IresLacZ Sequenz im ROSA26-Lokus und ermöglicht somit die Expression des trangenen Txnrd2 zu jedem beliebigen Zeitpunkt. Nach der erfolgreichen Etablierung beider Targetingvektoren wurden ihre einzelnen Module vor dem Einbringen in die murine Keimbahn in vitro getestet. In Zellkulturexperimenten konnte die Txnrd2-Expression durch Tamoxifen-induziertes Dre bestätigt werden. Der Nachweis der Proteinexpression von transgenem TXNRD2 erfolgte im Western Blot. Nach Bestätigung der Funktionalität beider Konstrukte wurden diese in IDG3.2 ES-Zellen elektroporiert. Für die Integration durch homologe Rekombination wurden die Genloci ROSA26 und Hprt des Mausgenoms gewählt, da bekannt ist, dass diese leicht zugänglich sind und ubiquitär exprimieren. Zur Erhöhung der Rekombinationseffizienz wurden eine gene trap mutagenesis (ROSA26) und eine Komplementationsstrategie (Hprt) verwendet. Anschließend erfolgte die Überprüfung auf korrekte Integration via PCR und quantitativer real-time PCR (ROSA26) bzw. Southern Blot (Hprt). Heterozygot transgene Zellklone der ROSA26-Linie wurden in BDF1-Blastozysten injiziert und diese in pseudogravide CD1-Rezipienten transferiert. Durch Rückkreuzung mit C57BL/6N-Wildtypmäusen wurden die Chimären auf Keimbahntransmission überprüft. Daraus hervorgegangene heterozygot transgene F1-Nachkommen wurden mit einer sogenannten Dre-deleter Mauslinie, die ubiquitär die Dre-Rekombinase exprimiert, verpaart. Dabei konnte bei E14.5 alten Embryonen eine ubiquitäre Expression von LacZ nachgewiesen werden, was die in vivo Funktionalität der generierten pROSA-roxSTOProx-Txnrd2-IresLacZ-Linie bestätigte. Die Generierung von Hprt-Chimären steht noch aus.
Das erstellte Modell bietet die Möglichkeit des genetischen rescue von einem Txnrd2-knockout durch die Expression von transgenem Txnrd2. Dabei ist dieses System nicht auf die Anwendung im Pankreas beschränkt und durch den variablen Einsatz verschiedener gewebsspezifischer Cre-transgener Linien auf unterschiedliche Organsysteme übertragbar. Darüber hinaus kann dieses Transgenmodell aber auch auf alle anderen konditionalen knockout-Systeme unter dem Einfluß eines gewebsspezifischen Promotors angewandt werden. Die Anwendung der Hprt-Mauslinie bleibt dabei unverändert, lediglich eine Umklonierung des pROSA-roxSTOProx-Txnrd2-IresLacZ Targetingvektors durch den Austausch der mitochondrialen Thioredoxinreduktase mit dem Gen von Interesse und die Erzeugung der entsprechenden transgenen Mauslinie ist dafür erforderlich. Durch die Kombination der Rekombinationssysteme FLP/Frt, Cre/loxP und Dre/rox ließen sich zusätzlich Studien erstellen, bei denen unterschiedliche Gene gleichzeitig oder nacheinander in einem gewebsspezifischen knockout induziert werden könnten. Durch diese Strategien wäre der Einfluss der Genexpression auf einen knockout-Phänotyp in verschiedenen Organsystemen und die eventuell auftretende Potenzierung der Expressionswirkung zweier verschiedener Gene auf diesen untersuchbar.
Diese Arbeit ergänzt die “toolbox” für die genetische Modellierung von Krankheitsmodellen in der Maus um ein zusätzliches sehr nützliches Werkzeug.The mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (Txnrd2) is an ubiquitously expressed selenoprotein and an important oxidoreductase regulating oxidative stress. Ubiquitous deletion of Txnrd2 turned out to be embryonic lethal at day E13.0, while its pancreas-specific knockout caused spontaneous pancreas disease starting at week four post partum that developed into an exocrine fibrotic pancreas hypotrophy within one year. This pancreas-specific model, generated by breeding a Ptf1a-Cre transgenic line and a mouse line in which Txnrd2 is flanked by loxP sites is thoroughly examined at the moment. The present study aimed at the generation and testing of two targeting vectors for the establishment of a mouse model that allows the overexpression of the murine Txnrd2 in different organ systems. This took place in view of the generation of a genetic rescue of the Txnrd2 phenotype within the existing pancreas-specific knockout model, in order to clarify the question if it is possible to observe changes or the reversibility of the phenotype by Txnrd2-knockin. For the establishment of the rescue a conditional complementation strategy using the recombination systems Cre/loxP and Dre/rox was chosen. Two targeting constructs pROSA-roxSTOProx-Txnrd2-IresLacZ and pHprt-CAGGs-loxSTOPlox-DreERT2 were cloned. When combining those two constructs within the above mentioned pancreas-specific knockout, Cre catalyzes the recombination of the floxed Txnrd2 allele and at the same time of the loxSTOPlox cassette in front of DreERT2 in the pancreas during embryonic development. So that at the same time when the knockout is induced, DreERT2 is also expressed. However DreERT2 is only activated after Tamoxifen administration. The activated Dre recombines the roxSTOProx-cassette in front of the Txnrd2-IresLacZ sequence within the ROSA26 locus and thus enables the expression of transgenic Txnrd2 at a given time point. After the successful generation of both targeting vectors their singular modules were tested in vitro before integrating them into the murine germline. In cell culture experiments Txnrd2-expression by Tamoxifen-induced Dre was confirmed. Protein expression of transgenic TXNRD2 at the same time was proven in Western Blot. As the full functionality of both constructs was confirmed they were electroporated in IDG3.2 ES cells. For the following integration by homologous recombination the gene loci ROSA26 and Hprt of the mouse genome were chosen, as it is well-known that they can be targeted with high efficiency and that they are expressed ubiquitously. In order to increase the recombination efficiency a gene trap mutagenesis (ROSA26) and a complementation strategy (Hprt) were used. Following this, screening for correct integration was done by PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (ROSA26) or alternatively by Southern Blot (Hprt). Heterozygous transgenic cell clones of the ROSA26 line were injected into BDF1-blastocysts and transferred in pseudopregnant CD1 recipients. By backcrossing with C57BL/6N wild-type mice chimeras were tested for germline transmission. The resulting heterozygous transgenic F1 offspring was crossed with a so called Dre-deleter mouse ubiquitously expressing Dre-recombinase. Thereby the ubiquitous expression of LacZ was proven in E14.5 old embryos which confirmed the in vivo functionality of the generated pROSA-roxSTOProx-Txnrd2-IresLacZ-line. The generation of Hprt chimeras remains to be done. This model offers the opportunity of the genetic rescue of a Txnrd2-knockout by expressing the transgenic Txnrd2. This system is not restricted to the pancreas, as different organ systems can be targeted by the variable application of diverse tissue specific Cre-transgenic lines. Furthermore the transgenic model can be used for all other conditional knockout-systems under the influence of any tissue specific promoter. The application of the Hprt mouse line remains unchanged, all that has to be done is the exchange of the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase by the gene of interest via cloning and the generation of the respective mouse line. The combination of the recombination systems FLP/Frt, Cre/loxP and Dre/rox enables further studies in which different genes can be induced at the same time or one by one in a tissue-specific knockout. This strategy enables to investigate the influence of gene expression on a knockout phenotype in different organ systems and also the possibly occurring potentiation of the expression of two different genes. This thesis adds one further very useful tool to the toolbox for genetic modeling of murine disease models.
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Auriemma, Fulvio. "Particle transport in Reversed Field Pinch plasmas." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425154.
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This thesis is aimed at studying the transport of particles
in magnetically confined thermonuclear plasma.
The understanding of the transport properties in
devices for fusion plasmas is one of the key factor to keep the
correct operating conditions in a future fusion reactor.
Indeed one of the open issues in magnetic fusion studies,
which prevents the realization of an efficient thermonuclear
reactor, is the high level of energy and particle transport in
the direction perpendicular to the confining magnetic
field. This phenomenon reduces confinement properties and has to be solved in order to obtain energy from thermonuclear fusion processes.
The amount of particle and energy transport experimentally observed cannot be interpreted in the framework of the classical theory. Understanding the underlying physics of this anomalous transport remains the outstanding critical physical issue in fusion research.
Nowadays it is generally accepted that anomalous transport
is partially due to magnetic chaos owing to the magnetic
perturbations of the equilibrium magnetic fields. The Reversed
Field Pinch (RFP) configuration, with its wide spectrum of
magnetic perturbations, offers a suitable testbed to verify the
theory and to reveal the inner mechanism underlying the transport in fusion magnetic devices. The magnetic perturbations, also dubbed dynamo or MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) modes, sustain the RFP configuration against the resistive magnetic diffusion. Unfortunately they have global negative effects: as already stated they lead to the stochastization of the equilibrium magnetic field over a large part of the plasma core and moreover their phase locking generates an interference pattern that results in a global distortion of the plasma column: the so-called Locked Mode (LM) that has its maximum effect at a well defined toroidal position.
Many techniques have been tested with the aim of reducing the MHD modes. The most effective are the Pulsed Poloidal Current Drive (PPCD) that modifies the internal current profile and the active control of the radial field at the edge by means of a system of active coils, the so-called Virtual Shell (VS).
All the transport mechanisms acting inside the plasma modify the shape of the density profile. The density is measured by means of interferometer: a non-perturbative diagnostic that utilizes electromagnetic waves to probe the plasma.
A part of this thesis will be addressed to determine the global particle diffusion coefficients in relation to the magnetic perturbations amplitude. This analysis has been carried on TPE-RX device: a large RFP machine sited in Tsukuba (Jp). In order to study the global confinement properties, the transport analysis has been carried out analyzing data collected far from to the LM, where its local effect could be neglected.
A transport code (in our case TED, acronym of TEmperature and Density) computes the density profile according to transport parameters supplied by the user. The computed profile is compared to the experimental one, determining the correctness of the model assumed to provide the transport coefficients. With this analysis it has been confirmed that damping the MHD modes amplitude by means of the PPCD
the particle confinement globally improves and the diffusion coefficient is strongly reduced in the central zone of the plasma. This result has been further confirmed by the density behaviour during pellet injection experiments, where the particles released by the pellet in PPCD discharges are better confined inside the plasma than in plasmas with standard magnetic perturbations.
The dynamo modes, as already stated, generate a global distortion of the Last Close Flux Surface (LCFS) of the plasma: the LM. The plasma cross section results shrunk in a wide toroidal region of about 100° and bulging in another region of the similar toroidal range. Moreover an helical distortion of the column with magnetic lines that directly hit the wall is present. The VS system installed at RFX-mod (the largest RFP device in the world with design maximum plasma current of 2 MA, located in Padova) provides an important reduction
of the helical perturbation but is less effective on healing the shrinking of the LCFS, highlighting for the first time its effects on plasma confinement.
The two toroidal regions with different cross section have been characterized studying the density profile, the density fluctuations and the magnetic fluctuations: the shrunk region
shows an improved transport, providing the first experimental evidence of toroidal asymmetric confinement properties in an RFP plasma.
Moreover the RFX-mod pulses are affected by spontaneous reorganization of the internal current and magnetic profiles, the so-called Dynamo Relaxation Events (DREs). The density behaviour and the magnetic topology during the DREs have been analyzed, confirming the different nature of the shrunk and the bulging region of the plasma.
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SILVA, Walkiria Luckwu de Santana. "Análise in silico de uma matriz DRE na seqüência promotora de genes da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6708.
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Previous issue date: 2004A regulação da expressão gênica envolve uma complexa rede de interações entre fatores de transcrição e elementos regulatórios da região promotora dos genes. Dados experimentais disponíveis na literatura demonstram a importância de uma seqüência de 15 pares de base (pb) na regulação do gene SNM1(PSO2), necessário para o processo de reparação de lesões no DNA da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Estes dados foram fundamentais na elaboração da hipótese acerca da dispersão deste elemento na região promotora de outros genes de reparação e de sua importância na indução destes genes mediada por danos no DNA da levedura. Verificouse a presença desta seqüência de 15 pb nas regiões promotoras de outros genes de reparação de DNA, o que proporcionou a construção de uma matriz de peso relacionando nucleotídeos conservados, transições e transversões nas diferentes posições da seqüência consenso denominada seqüência consenso semelhante ao elemento DRE (Damage Response Element) do gene RAD2. Posteriormente, a análise de homologia foi expandida, utilizando ferramentas computacionais de análise matricial que proporcionam a geração de uma seqüência consenso identificada também em muitos outros genes desta levedura. A grande maioria não estando relacionada com processos de reparação ou metabolismo do DNA. Este elemento semelhante ao elemento regulatório DRE apresentou alta homologia com outras seqüências regulatórias presentes no genoma da levedura. O fato deste elemento estar presente na região promotora de quase um terço dos genes da levedura e de que sua presença parece não estar diretamente relacionada com a indução destes genes por agentes mutagênicos, sugerem fortemente que a seqüência semelhante ao elemento DRE descrita neste trabalho deve atuar como um elemento regulatório envolvido com mecanismos gerais de regulação da expressão gênica em S. cerevisiae
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Böhm, Ramona [Verfasser], and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Aigner. "Kombination der Rekombinationssysteme Cre/loxP und Dre/rox für den genetischen rescue in knockout-Mausmodellen am Beispiel der mitochondrialen Thioredoxinreduktase / Ramona Böhm. Betreuer: Bernhard Aigner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035626195/34.
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Fratelli, Minéa Paschoaleto. "Avaliação diagnóstica e prova semestral: a interlocução entre a SME e a DRE para a proposição de ações formativas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21680.
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The present work investigates how the Avaliação Diagnóstica and the Prova Semestral, elaborated by the São Paulo Municipal Department of Education, are appropriated by the intermediary agency, the Regional Board of Education, in view of two focuses: the educational system in a macro view and the school in a micro vision. From this perspective, the question arises as to how the appropriation and reflections on these evaluations are carried out, such as the work carried out by the DRE through the provision of materials on external evaluation, organization of pedagogical bulletins, training of management teams, teacher training and the work carried out by the school, which indicate what students have learned and what they need to learn. The appropriation of this evaluation instrument and the results of these evaluations becomes essential in a formative evaluation perspective and in the processes of regulation of teaching and learning in order to improve student performance and guarantee learning rights. It is known that there are several advances in the implementation of an evaluation policy, but the qualification of this is directly linked to the systemic character of the action. The approach used in the study is qualitative research. It is based on a bibliographical research - with a documentary study to know the history of the external evaluation system in the country and in the Municipal Department of Education - in addition to the materials produced by the SME and the DRE, for the formations that deal with the processes involved in the evaluation, which underpin this study. In addition, from an exploratory survey, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the DRE training team to understand what reports do from external evaluations and what processes are carried out until decision making because of what students need to learn. The survey revealed coherence between what is produced by the SME and the action that the DRE plans for schools, but indicates the necessary investment in decision making beyond the interpretation of the data
O presente trabalho investiga a maneira como a Avaliação Diagnóstica e a Prova Semestral, elaboradas pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo, são apropriadas pelo órgão intermediário, a Diretoria Regional de Educação, tendo em vista dois focos: o sistema educacional, em uma visão macro, e a escola, em uma visão micro. Nessa perspectiva, a indagação parte de como são realizadas a apropriação e as reflexões sobre essas avaliações, como é o trabalho realizado pela DRE a partir da disponibilização de materiais sobre a avaliação externa, organização de boletins pedagógicos, formação das equipes gestoras, formação de professores e acompanhamento do trabalho realizado pela escola, que indicam o que os alunos aprenderam e o que precisam aprender. A apropriação desse instrumento avaliativo e dos resultados dessas avaliações torna-se fundamental numa perspectiva de avaliação formativa e dos processos de regulação do ensino e da aprendizagem, com vistas à melhoria do desempenho dos alunos e à garantia dos direitos de aprendizagem. Sabe-se que há diversos avanços na implementação de uma política de avaliação, mas a qualificação dessa está diretamente ligada ao caráter sistêmico da ação. A abordagem utilizada no estudo é a da pesquisa qualitativa. Parte-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica - com um estudo de natureza documental - para conhecer o histórico do sistema de avaliação externa no país e na Secretaria Municipal de Educação - além dos materiais produzidos pela SME e pela DRE, para as formações que tratam dos processos envolvidos na avaliação, as quais alicerçam este estudo. Além disso, a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, entrevistas semiestruturadas foram produzidas, com a equipe formativa da DRE, para compreender que relatos fazem das avaliações externas e quais processos são realizados até a tomada de decisão em razão do que os alunos precisam aprender. A pesquisa revelou coerência entre o que é produzido pela SME e a ação que a DRE planeja para as escolas, mas indica o necessário investimento na tomada de decisão para além da interpretação dos dados
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Nylander, Göran. "Günter Grass: Die Einstellung zum vermiedenen Thema in der Novelle "Im Krebsgang"." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Baltic Languages, Finnish and German, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6909.
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Horn, Moritz [Verfasser], Adam [Akademischer Betreuer] Antebi, Thorsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoppe, and Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwarz. "Coordination of Developmental Timing and Maturation by the F-box Protein DRE-1/FBXO11 / Moritz Horn. Gutachter: Adam Antebi ; Thorsten Hoppe ; Günter Schwarz." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1055038620/34.
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Urquiza, Cabanillas Roxana Ernestina. "Análisis de los usos de los resultados de la evaluación censal de estudiantes por parte de especialistas pedagógicos de las DRE y UGEL." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8421.
Full textAbstract:
Esta investigación se centrará en los implementadores de las reformas educativas: los especialistas pedagógicos. Así, analizaré la gestión educativa a
partir del papel que desempeñan estos actores en relación con el uso de los reportes de resultados de las ECE en la mejora de los aprendizajes escolares
en sus respectivas jurisdicciones. La pregunta central de este trabajo es ¿de qué manera las características de los especialistas pedagógicos de las DRE y
las UGEL vienen influyendo sobre el uso de los resultados de la ECE?Tesis
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Chan, Ally S. Y. "Thermal and electron stimulated chemistry of 1,2-dihalocarbons on Cu(111)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311770.
Full textBooks on the topic "DRE"
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Ṭrasṭ, Bācā K̲h̲ān, ed. Dre nahẓatʹgar. Peṣhawar: Bāchā Khān, Ṭrasṭ Rīsarch Sentrar, 2019.
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3
Dre ghāzyān. Garmany: Da Gaḍ Hewād da Nishrātī Muʼasisah da Khparwano Ṡakhah, 2003.
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N, Copeland, and Erindale College. Dept. of Drama., eds. Readings: DRE 340F. Toronto: Custom Publishing Service, University of Toronto Bookstores, 2000.
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N, Copeland, and Erindale College. Dept. of Drama., eds. DRE 342F: Readings. Toronto: Custom Publishing Service, University of Toronto Bookstores, 2002.
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J, Astington, and Erindale College. Dept. of Drama., eds. Readings: DRE 340F. Toronto: Custom Publishing Service, University of Toronto Bookstores, 1996.
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N, Copeland, and University of Toronto. Dept. of Drama., eds. Readings: DRE 120Y. Toronto: Custom Publishing Service, University of Toronto, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "DRE"
1
Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Elevated PSA/Abnormal DRE." In Basic Urological Management, 19–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_5.
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Jones, Capers. "Optimizing Software Defect Removal Efficiency (DRE)." In Software Development Patterns and Antipatterns, 309–26. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003193128-13.
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Rubel, Paul, Joseph Loyall, Richard Schantz, and Matthew Gillen. "Adding Fault-Tolerance to a Hierarchical DRE System." In Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems, 303–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11773887_23.
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Schäfer, Philipp. "Exemplarische Anwendung." In Recycling – ein Mittel zu welchem Zweck?, 91–177. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32924-2_5.
Full textAbstract:
ZusammenfassungDas in Kapitel 4 beschriebene methodische Vorgehen ist in diesem Kapitel auf drei exemplarische Metalle – Kupfer, Tantal und Kobalt – angewandt. Die dabei generierten Ergebnisse liefern Antworten zu den Forschungsfragen (1), (2) und (3). Die drei Beispielmetalle sind in den Abschnitten 5.2– 5.4 abgehandelt. Jeder dieser Abschnitte erläutert zu Beginn die Bedeutung des jeweiligen Metalls und gibt eine kurze Beschreibung über die Ermittlung dessen sekundärer Quellen. Danach ist eine kurze Beschreibung der wichtigsten Recyclingverfahren und der darauf aufbauenden Recyclingmodelle gegeben. Die Auswertungen der Recyclingmodelle sind nach dem Status Quo sowie nach Parametervariationen vorgenommen und diskutiert. Ebenso die sind die Massenbilanzen und die Ergebnisse der energetischen Optimierung der KEA beschrieben. Auf eine detaillierte Erläuterung der Ermittlung der Datengrundlage der Modelle und Massenbilanzen ist in diesem Kapitel verzichtet. Diese kann dem Appendix II des elektronischen Zusatzmaterials entnommen werden.
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Hardwig, Thomas, and Marliese Weißmann. "Auf der Suche nach dem digitalen Arbeitsplatz." In Projekt- und Teamarbeit in der digitalisierten Arbeitswelt, 179–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62231-5_9.
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ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund der Ausbreitung verteilter und netzwerkartiger Formen der Team- und Projektarbeit gewinnen kollaborative Anwendungen für Unternehmen an Bedeutung. Kollaborationsplattformen integrieren vielfältige Anwendungen für die raum- und zeitunabhängige Zusammenarbeit an einem virtuellen Ort im Netz. Der Beitrag zeichnet die Such-, Lern- und Entwicklungsprozesse von drei Unternehmen nach, die auf der Suche nach dem digitalen Arbeitsplatz über drei Jahre begleitet wurden. Er zeigt, dass die komplexen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen sozialen, organisatorischen und technischen Einflüssen in der Nutzung kaum zu antizipieren sind. Vorgehen werden vielmehr immer wieder überdacht, abgewandelt oder gar abgebrochen, insofern lässt sich die Suche nach dem digitalen Arbeitsplatz für die Organisation und das Arbeiten als ein vielgestaltiger Such- und Entwicklungsprozess fassen. Diese komplexen Anforderungen lassen sich durch ein iteratives, agiles Vorgehen bewältigen. Dabei sind zentrale Themen die Klärung der neuen Formen der Zusammenarbeit, die Regelungen der Einsatzwecke der Kollaborationsplattformen sowie der Aufbau verteilter Kompetenz zur Arbeitsgestaltung.
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Herwig, Henriette. "Filmische Tragikomödien über Demenz:." In Alter(n)skulturen, 37–66. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839459928-003.
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Der Beitrag von Henriette Herwig analysiert drei filmische Tragikomödien unter dem Gesichtspunkt, wie sie der Darstellung einer Demenzerkrankung heitere Seiten abgewinnen, ohne sie zu bagatellisieren oder die Würde der Erkrankten zu verletzen. Er arbeitet dabei die zugrundeliegenden Persönlichkeitskonzepte, die Repräsentation von Ehen, Freundschaften, Generationenbeziehungen und Wohnverhältnissen sowie die Mittel der Komisierung demenziell bedingter Fehlleistungen heraus. Er fragt danach, inwiefern der schleichende Verlust an Autonomie, kognitiven und alltagspraktischen Fähigkeiten, Sprachkompetenz und Identität durch Respekt, verstärkte Akzeptanz emotionaler Ausdrucksformen und Beachtung körpersprachlicher Zeichen partiell ausgeglichen werden kann. Er zeigt, wie die drei Spielfilme dazu beitragen, Rollenmodelle des Umgangs mit demenzkranken Menschen zu differenzieren.
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Wardana, Rebecca, Beate Klösch, and Markus Hadler. "Umwelt in der Krise. Einstellungen zu Klimawandel und Umweltbesorgnis sowie Bereitschaft zu umweltbewusstem Verhalten in Krisenzeiten." In Die österreichische Gesellschaft während der Corona-Pandemie, 241–67. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34491-7_9.
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ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, wie sich die Einstellungen zum Klimawandel, die Umweltbesorgnis und die Bereitschaft zu umweltbewusstem Handeln im Laufe der Corona-Krise in der österreichischen Bevölkerung entwickelt haben. In Anbetracht der unmittelbaren Bedrohung durch die Covid-19-Pandemie und deren direkte Auswirkungen auf die österreichische Bevölkerung (Herunterfahren der Wirtschaft, Einschränkungen des sozialen Lebens usw.) liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass das Thema Umwelt in den Hintergrund rückte. Um dies zu untersuchen, wurden drei voneinander unabhängige Datensätze (OeNB,Values in Crisis und Polarization in Public Opinion) herangezogen. Die drei Datensätze sind in ihrer Erhebungszeit vor, während und nach der ersten Covid-19-Welle einzuordnen. Lineare Modelle zeigen, dass sowohl die Umweltbesorgnis als auch die Bereitschaft zu umweltbewusstem Verhalten in der Krise gesunken sind, wenngleich nur in den Ballungsräumen Wien, Niederösterreich und Steiermark. Andererseits stieg die Wahrnehmung der negativen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels an. Im Verlauf der Krise zeigt sich zudem, dass trotz der sinkenden Umweltbesorgnis diese dennoch der stärkste Prädiktor zu intentionsorientiertem Umweltverhalten bleibt und nach Ende der ersten Welle einen noch stärkeren Erklärungswert liefert als zuvor.
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Gravert, Andreas. "Struktur und Mechanismen der Wissenschaft." In Themenkarrieren in der Wissenschaft, 87–130. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35689-7_4.
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ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden wissenschaftssoziologische Erkenntnisse zur Funktionsweise der Wissenschaft dargelegt und diskutiert. Die Erkenntnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der Fragestellung – ‚Wie entstehen Themen in der Wissenschaft?‘ – aufgearbeitet. Die Beschaffenheit des institutionellen Rahmens bzw. die personenunabhängigen Regeln und Normen des sozialen Systems der Wissenschaft werden dabei als Erklärungsmoment anvisiert. Im Verständnis der Arbeit resultieren wissenschaftliche Themenkarrieren aus den aggregierten (bewussten und unbewussten) Entscheidungen der einzelnen Mitglieder einer Fachgemeinschaft hinsichtlich der Wahl ihrer Forschungsthemen über einen Zeitverlauf. In der Konsequenz lautet die auf die Akteur*innenebene heruntergebrochene Fragestellung: ‚Wie wählen wissenschaftliche Akteur*innen ein Thema?‘. Im Rückbezug auf das zu erklärende Makrophänomen ergibt sich schließlich die Frage: ‚Wie lassen sich Veränderungen der aggregierten Entscheidungen wissenschaftlicher Akteur*innen hinsichtlich ihrer Themenwahl erklären?‘. Dieser Frage folgend verläuft die Darstellung der Struktur und Dynamik der Wissenschaft in drei Abschnitten vom Allgemeinen zum Konkreten. Zunächst werden die Besonderheiten der Wissenschaft sowie deren Einbettung in die gesellschaftliche Umwelt anhand einer differenzierungstheoretischen Sichtweise in den Blick genommen (Kp. 4.1). In dem darauf folgenden Kapitel (4.2) werden Strukturen der inneren Differenzierung der Wissenschaft dargestellt sowie die Mechanismen wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisproduktion aufgearbeitet. Abschließend werden die drei zentralen Einflussgrößen des institutionellen Kontextes der Wissenschaft – die formale Koordination, die Allokation von Reputation und die Allokation von materiellen Ressourcen – sowie deren Zusammenspiel erläutert (Kp. 4.3).
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Lünich, Marco. "Studie 1 – Durchführung der Skalenkonstruktion." In Der Glaube an Big Data, 121–79. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36368-0_9.
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ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden wird die Durchführung der Online-Befragungen der ersten Studie zur Skalenkonstruktion dokumentiert. In diesem Rahmen wurden drei Erhebungen durchgeführt, die nachfolgend als Erhebung 1.1, 1.2 und 1.3 bezeichnet werden. Die erste Erhebung 1.1 diente der Identifikation geeigneter Frageitems und der Prüfung der zugrunde liegenden Modellstruktur, die Erhebungen 1.2. und 1.3 der Validierung der in Erhebung 1.1 ermittelten Modellstruktur.
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Krichen, Fatma, Brahim Hamid, Bechir Zalila, and Mohamed Jmaiel. "Towards a Model-Based Approach for Reconfigurable DRE Systems." In Software Architecture, 295–302. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23798-0_32.
Full textConference papers on the topic "DRE"
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Gallo, Roberto, Henrique Kawakami, Ricardo Dahab, Rafael Azevedo, Saulo Lima, and Guido Araujo. "T-DRE." In the 26th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1920261.1920291.
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Amreen, Sadika, Andrey Karnauch, and Audris Mockus. "Developer Reputation Estimator (DRE)." In 2019 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ase.2019.00107.
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Krichen, Fatma, Amal Ghorbel, Brahim Hamid, and Bechir Zalila. "An MDE-Based Approach for Reconfigurable DRE Systems." In 2012 IEEE 21st International Workshop On Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure For Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wetice.2012.57.
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Tekaya, Mohamed, Nabil Tabbane, and Sami Tabbane. "Delay Remaining Energy for AOMDV Protocol (DRE-AOMDV)." In 2011 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2011.6040292.
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Zhang, Zhinan, and Youbai Xie. "Knowledge Flow in Product Design." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59321.
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Product design (PD) is viewed as a knowledge-based, socially mediated, technical activity, and knowledge represents the critical resource in the PD. As knowledge is action enabled, knowledge flows can improve product performance. However, Knowledge flow (KF) has been defined and developed in the organization domain. Unfortunately, the knowledge management field does not have the benefit of strong theory on knowledge flows to inform the enhancement of Knowledge flows to enable and support PD. This paper presents the definition of KF in the domain of PD and analyzes types of KF. The key elements of KF have been introduced respectively and the four types of KF in a distributed resource environment (DRE) are presented and analyzed. We put forward a four-level knowledge flow model (KFM) and establish a novel framework of knowledge flow engine for PD in a DRE. The model has been employed for a case study directly. The proposed model and framework provide a new way to enhance KF in PD under a DRE.
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Hoffert, Joseph, and Douglas Schmidt. "Evaluating Supervised Machine Learning for Adapting Enterprise DRE Systems." In 2010 International Symposium on Intelligence Information Processing and Trusted Computing (IPTC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iptc.2010.14.
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Peng, Rong, and Han Lai. "DRE-specific Wikis for Distributed Requirements Engineering: A Review." In 2012 19th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsec.2012.72.
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Lee, Yunho, Seungjoo Kim, and Dongho Won. "How to Trust DRE Voting Machines Preserving Voter Privacy." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebe.2008.37.
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Ravera, Laurent, Christophe Cara, María Teresa Ceballos, Xavier Barcons, Didier Barret, Rodolphe Clédassou, Antoine Clénet, et al. "The DRE: the digital readout electronics for ATHENA X-IFU." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Tadayuki Takahashi, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, and Mark Bautz. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2055750.
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Hoteit, Rajaa, Nivine Abou Daher, and Hadi Y. Kanaan. "Integration Impact of DRE on the Voltage Stability of Power Network." In 2021 18th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssd52085.2021.9429343.
Full textReports on the topic "DRE"
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Xin, Wu, and Xue Tao. The efficacy and safety of neuromodulation in refractory epilepsy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0042.
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Review question / Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of different neuromodulation applied to the refractory epilepsy and provide a better choice for clinical practice. Condition being studied: Epilepsy is a frequent neurologic illness defined by bursts of hypersynchronized neural network activity that afflict about 1% of the global population. Unfortunately, roughly 30% of people with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) continue to experience seizures despite three anti-seizure drugs. In most cases, resective surgery, as the first-line treatment for DRE, is considered a curative therapy for achieving long-term seizure-free status, but about half of patients are not candidates for surgery due to a variety of factors such as multiple/diffuse/widespread seizure foci, epileptic foci arising from eloquent, primary generalized epilepsy, or patients unwilling to undergo surgery. Neuromodulation, albeit palliative, is an important alternative treatment for these individuals to prevent or decrease ictal episodes, which can affect the nervous system in a variety of ways.
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Katz, C. N., and A. Blake. Dry Dock Discharge Dye Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada526336.
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Filiz, Ibrahim, Jan René Judek, Marco Lorenz, and Markus Spiwoks. Die Tragik der Algorithm Aversion. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627888.
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Algorithmen bewältigen viele Aufgaben bereits zuverlässiger als menschliche Experten. Trotzdem zeigen einige Wirtschaftssubjekte eine ablehnende Haltung gegenüber Algorithmen (Algorithm Aversion). In manchen Entscheidungssituationen kann ein Fehler schwerwiegende Konsequenzen haben, in anderen Entscheidungssituationen nicht. Wir untersuchen im Rahmen eines Framing-Experimentes den Zusammenhang zwischen der Tragweite der Entscheidungssituation einerseits und der Häufigkeit der Algorithm Aversion andererseits. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Algorithm Aversion umso häufiger auftritt, je gravierender die möglichen Konsequenzen einer Entscheidung sind. Gerade bei besonders wichtigen Entscheidungen führt somit die Algorithm Aversion zu einer Reduzierung der Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit. Das kann man als die Tragik der Algorithm Aversion bezeichnen.
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Bogner, Alexander, ed. Wissenschaftliche Politikberatung? Der Dissens der Experten und die Autorit�t der Politik. Vienna: self, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ita-pa-ab-02-01.
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Bogner, Alexander, ed. Ethisierung und die Marginalisierung der Ethik. Vienna: self, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ita-pa-ab-09-01.
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Petzold, Conny. Kommunale Finanzgeschäfte : die Auswirkungen der Finanzialisierung auf die lokale Demokratie. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.34119.
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Der Ruf nach einem „Rettungsschirm für Kommunen“, einem „Stärkungspakt Stadtfinanzen“ oder „kommunalen Entschuldungsfonds“ rückt in regelmäßigen Abständen die ernste Lage einer Vielzahl klammer Kommunen ins öffentliche Bewusstsein. Die drohende Überschuldung deutscher Städte und Gemeinden stellt parallel zur Entwicklung der globalen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise eine besorgniserregende Realität dar. Große Löcher in den Kommunalhaushalten sind dabei kein Phänomen der jüngsten Vergangenheit, vielmehr macht sich die angespannte Finanzlage in vielen Kommunen bereits seit Jahren vor Ort bemerkbar. Beispielsweise in den Bereichen von Kultur, Jugendeinrichtungen, Beratungsstellen, Museen, Bibliotheken, Sportplätzen, Freibädern, Freizeitangeboten und Tierparks sind Ausgabenkürzungen an der Tagesordnung, die die Einwohner_innen alltäglich mit der finanziellen Unterausstattung auf Lokalebene konfrontieren. Außerdem dokumentiert ein rasanter Anstieg des Kreditvolumens im vergangenen Jahrzehnt die klamme Lage der Kommunen. Im Krisenjahr 2009 sind die sogenannten Kassenkredite, die kurzfristige Engpässe im Kommunalhaushalt ausgleichen sollen, auf fast 35 Milliarden Euro angestiegen und haben bundesweit mittlerweile ein Volumen von 48 Milliarden Euro überschritten (Deutscher Städtetag 2013). Diese enorme Schuldenlast ist vor allem als Resultat einer strukturellen Unterfinanzierung der Städte zu werten, welche nicht zuletzt die Erbringung der kommunalen Daseinsvorsorge im Infrastrukturbereich gefährdet sowie wie bei der städtischen Gas-, Wasser- und Elektrizitätsversorgung oder im engeren sozialen Bereich. Um die lokale Verantwortung für die Versorgungssicherheit wiederzugewinnen, gab es in den letzten Jahren vermehrt Projekte, um Versorgungsbetriebe wieder in städtisches Eigentum zurückzuführen (Libbe 2011; Verband kommunaler Unternehmen 2012). Unter dem Stichwort Rekommunalisierung wurde die Gründung eigener Stadtwerke bereits als Abkehr von einer Privatisierungslogik (Candeias et al. 2009) präsentiert. In diesem Licht erscheint Kommunalpolitik mitunter als Alternative zu renditeorientiertem Wirtschaften. Eine solche Darstellung übersieht allerdings, dass kommunales Handeln eng in den wachstumsorientierten Finanzmarktkapitalismus eingebunden ist. Diese Einbindung hat eine materielle Basis und tritt beispielsweise dann zu Tage wenn Kommunen auf Grund der konjunkturellen Flaute in der internationalen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise stark unter steigenden Ausgaben für Sozialtransfers sowie unter sinkenden Steuereinnahmen leiden. Zusätzlich besteht aber auch eine diskursive Einbindung, die sich darin äußert, dass die Pflicht zur Fiskaldisziplin in bundesdeutschen Kommunen bereits eine vergleichbare Bedeutung erlangt hat wie in den Haushaltsplänen der Nationalstaaten der Euro-Zone. Schon werden in Anlehnung an die Einführung nationaler Schuldenbremsen kommunale Schuldenbremsen diskutiert (Bertelsmann Stiftung 2013). Das kann kaum verwundern, da in einer Mehrzahl der Kommunen schon kurz nach der Subprimekrise die Verantwortlichen zu einem wettberwerbsorientierten Politikverständnis zurückkehrten und konservative Konzepte der Krisenlösung anwendeten(Belina und Schipper 2009). Zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt gibt es daher wenig Anlass Kommunalpolitik auf einem alternativen Entwicklungsweg zu glauben.
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Gubaydullina, Zulian, Jan René Judek, Marco Lorenz, and Markus Spiwoks. Gestaltungswille und Algorithm Aversion – Die Auswirkungen der Einflussnahme im Prozess der algorithmischen Entscheidungsfindung auf die Algorithm Aversion. Sonderforschungsgruppe Instituionenanalyse, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627925.
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Obwohl Algorithmen in vielen Anwendungsgebieten präzisere Prognosen abgeben als Menschen, weigern sich Entscheidungsträger häufig, auf Algorithmen zurückzugreifen. In einem ökonomischen Experiment untersuchen wir, ob das Ausmaß dieses als „Algorithm Aversion“ bekannten Phänomens reduziert werden kann, indem Entscheidungsträgern eine Einflussmöglichkeit auf die Ausgestaltung des Algorithmus eingeräumt wird (Einflussmöglichkeit auf den algorithmischen Input). Zusätzlich replizieren wir die Studie von Dietvorst, Simmons & Massey (2018). Darin zeigt sich, dass die Algorithm Aversion deutlich zurückgeht, sofern die Subjekte am Ende die Ergebnisse des Algorithmus – und sei es nur um wenige Prozent – verändern können (Einflussmöglichkeit auf den algorithmischen Output). In der vorliegenden Studie bestätigt sich, dass die Algorithm Aversion bei einer Einflussmöglichkeit auf den algorithmischen Output signifikant zurückgeht. Eine Einflussmöglichkeit auf den algorithmischen Input scheint allerdings nur bedingt geeignet, die Algorithm Aversion zu reduzieren. Die begrenzte Möglichkeit zur Modifikation des algorithmischen Outputs reduziert die Algorithm Aversion effektiver als die Möglichkeit, Einfluss auf den algorithmischen Input zu nehmen.
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Radauer, Alfred, and Sonja Sheikh. Evaluierung der Auswirkungen der Businessforen des WIFI auf die österreichische Wirtschaft. KMU Forschung Austria, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2003.230.
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Huff, Dale D. Summary of Dry-Weather Dye Tracing Activities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1393434.
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Thiemann-Linden, Jörg, and Wolfgang Aichinger Titel. Die Alterung der Gesellschaft und das Fahrrad. Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik (Difu), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2022.71.
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