Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Drépanocytose'
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Gabriel-Théodore, Fabienne. "La Drépanocytose en Guadeloupe." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P012.
Full textFaës, Camille. "Effets d'un exercice ou d'un stress d'hypoxie / réoxygénation sur le stress oxydant, l'adhésion vasculaire et la biodisponibilité de l'oxyde nitrique dans la drépanocytose." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10248.
Full textH'midouche, El Farkh Fatiha. "La drépanocytose homozygote : rappel pathogénique, clinique, évolutif et thérapeutique : à propos d'une observation." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M136.
Full textDiara, Karine. "La drépanocytose et ses conséquences en odontologie." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR20060.
Full textNébor, Danitza. "Etude des facteurs génétiques et cellulaires impliqués dans la variabilité de l'expression clinique de la drépanocytose." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0359.
Full textSickle cell anemia is a monogenic disease caused by a single base change in the β-globin gene characterized by a heterogeneous clinic expression. We studied genetic and cellular factors involved for this clinical variability. We showed a lower frequency of α-thalassemia in microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric patients than in normoalbuminuric patients an a delay of the median age of albuminuria onset in 55 subjects with α-thalassemia suggesting a protective effect of α-thalassemia against glomerulopathy. We also described an increase of circulating leukocytes and plasmatic IL-8 and RANTES chemokines in patients expressing DARC receptor for chemokines on their red blood cells with no effect on the studied complications. In children, we observed a increase of total microparticles (MPs) mostly derived from platelets, erythrocytes, monocytes and endothelial cells. Platelets, erythrocytes and monocytes derived MPs are negatively correlated with HbF level. Our results also show that children treated with hydroxycarbamide (HC) exhibited lower total MP concentration as a consequence of decreased MPs shed by erythrocytes and endothelial cells suggesting that like erythrocytes, endothelial cells are cellular targets of HC. In Jamaican SCA adults, we observed higher total erythrocyte and platelet derived MPs compared to control but there was no difference in the profiles of MPs expression according to the disease severity
Tarer, Vanessa. "Epidemiologie des complications aigues chez l'enfant drépanocytaire ss Guadeloupéen: : histoire naturelle,incidence et facteurs de risque." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0141.
Full textIn Guadeloupe,sickle cell anemia (SCA) is frequently encoutered associated with high morbidity and a major public healt concern. One of the main features of SCA is the remarkable diversity of its clinical spectrum. The prospective study of 239 SCA children followed up by the guadeloupéan sickle cell center betwen 1980 and 1999,allowed to describe the natural history of SCA in this Caribbean island and to provide information about pattern and risk factors of acute clinical events. Prevalences of painful crises (VOC),acute chest syndrome (ACS),acute splenic sequestration,were 65%, 59% and 25%,respectively. Osteomyelitis,septicemia and meningitis affected 16%, 14% and 3% of the patients respectively. The propective effect of HbF level on the overall disease expression was confirmed and, for the first time,extended to acute anemic events and septicemia. Abalated medical fommow-up was associated with an increased risk of the first VOC and ACS. This is a new argument for the precocious medical follow-up of SCA patients. Two other risk factors of the first ACS were identified:asthma and homozygous state for the T8002C variant of the endothelin-1 gene,while ec NOS T-786C polymorphism seemed to have a propective effect on the occurence of first ACS. Studies like ours are a necessary preliminary to global genetic approaches newly developed to identify modifiers genes of the patology, and are indispensable for distinguishing environmental from genetic factors involved in thye polymorphism of expression of sickle cell anemia
Raidot, Jean-Pierre. "Drépanocytose : physiopathologie actuelle et essais de traitements curatifs et préventifs par exsanguino-transfusions partielles." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR1M156.
Full textDelion, Frédérique. "Séquestration splénique aigue et drépanocytose homozygote en Guadeloupe." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0166.
Full textSickle cell disease (SCD) is a priority in public health since 1990. It is a very freqent genetic pathology in Guadeloupe where it concerns 1/300 birth. The evolution of SCD in childchood consist in many acute complications who could be serious, like acute splenic sequestration ( ASC). The management of ASC after the first crisis is not yet consensual. We realised a retrospective and descriptive study of child morbidity during hospitalisation caused by ASC in SCD, during 2005-2006 at the universitary hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre in Guadeloupe. We observed 259 hospitalisations of homozygous patients, with 13 hospitalisations for ASC that concern 5 patients. The desciptive study of this population who presents ASC shows a low incidence, a high rate of recurence, no mortality, a high comorbidity in particular concerning vaso-occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrom, a frequent infectious factor associated (70%) more often respiratory,with yearly fluctuations (virus epidemiology or hygrometry), an inversion of the habituel sex-ration with more female predominance. The biology shows a thrombopeny and leucopeny who persists between the ASC crisis. The management of ASC in emergency consits in all of case in a blood transfusion. The following management in Guadeloupe is "observative" with few indications for chronic transfusions or splenectomy, who have many adverse effects. Retrospectively this strategy has good results, with no mortality since 20 years. This management requires a early following of SCD patients, as soon as the neonatal screening is made, a good information of the parents about the first signs of trouble in ASC which is realised in the center of SCD (CCD), a good formation of medical and paramedical partners, a fast acces to emergency room, and stock of compatible blood
Lamarre, Yann. "Implication de l’hémorhéologie dans la physiopathologie de la drépanocytose." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0684/document.
Full textHemorheological, hemathological, and biochemical marquers of patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) and patients with sickle cell SC disease (SC) were studied in 2 cohorts: children and adults. We focused on 7 recurrent complications: 5 belonging to the viscosity/vaso-occlusion phenotype (systemic hypertension, acute chest syndrome (ACS), vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), retinopathy and osteonecrosis) and 2 belonging to the hemolytic phenotype (leg ulcer and glomerulopathy). Our results show that 1) high viscosity is associated with increased risk for VOC in SS children; 2) blood viscosity is increased in SS adults with systemic relative hypertension; 3) SC children have preserved vascular function compared to SS children; 4) SS adults with osteonecrosis are characterized by higher red blood cell (RBC) deformability than SS adults without osteonecrosis; 5) high blood viscosity is associated with retinopathy in SC adults but not in SS adults; 6) SS adults affected by glomerulopathy have high hemolytic rate, low RBC deformability and increased RBC aggregates strenght; 7) SS adults with recurrent leg ulcers have high hemolytic rate and reduced RBC deformability. Moreover, our studies shows that alpha-thalassemia modulate RBC deformability and RBC aggregation properties. In conclusion, this work shows for the first time that the hemolytic phenotype is characterized by an abnormal RBC rheology which may play a role in several sickle cell complications
Arouko, Henri Kossi. "Approches actuelles de la prise en charge du drépanocytaire." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M069.
Full textPicot, Julien. "Rôle des molécules d'adhérence dans la physiopathologie de la drépanocytose." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077055.
Full textThe sickle cell disease is a Worldwide genetic disease. If the polymerization of the abnormal haemoglobin (HbS) is the primary process of the pathophysiology, numerous molecular and cellular j abnormalities were noticed which contribute or initiate vaso-occlusive crises (CVO), in particular a pro-inflammatory vascular environment, an abnormal adhesion of sickle cells to vascular wall and the leukocyte participation. { My thesis aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the role of the adhesion molecules in j the phenomena of CVO. ît consisted in two parts: (1)Revealing of ex vivo erythrocytes-leukocytes aggregates by flow cytometry (Picot et aL, Cytotechnology 2012) via the interaction of the leukocyte alpha4betal-integrin and the erythrocyte adhesion molecule Lu/BCAM (Chaar *, Picot* et al. , Haematologica 2010). (2)Revealing by cytomics that Lu/BCAM is a new biomarker of the osteonecrosis in the sickle cell disease. After a development and a validation of our Computing tools for a biomarker research (Picot et al. , Inserm Transfert 2013), we analyzed by high throughput flow cytometry and represented by cytomics the profiles of expression of the adhesion molecules on blood sample of 68 patient adults categorized on 8 clinical symptoms. The results reveal that Lu/BCAM is express significantly more on reticulocytes and erythrocytes, both in percentage and in mean fluorescence intensity, for patientsaffected by osteonecrosis (Picot et al. , submit to Haematotogica)
Noyon, Isabelle. "Les perspectives thérapeutiques de la drépanocytose : le point en 1992." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P058.
Full textAndrieux, Isabelle. "Mise en place du suivi des enfants atteints de syndromes drépanocytaires majeurs à Saint-Laurent du Maroni en Guyane française." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3109.
Full textMarlin, Laurent. "Métabolisme énergétique et aptitude physique chez les porteurs du trait drépanocytaire aux Antilles : approche épidémiologique, biologique et cardiorespiratoire à l'exercice." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0183.
Full textThe sudy of the physical ability of sickle cell trait carriers(SCTc) during different kind of exercise (more or less important duration and intensity) reports controversial results. In a first study, we have identified the presence of STCc in a sprint elite population (national French team). The percentages of titles and etablished records of male SCTc are able to performon as well as non-STCc, and eve to have best performances in explosive and brief exercises at the highest level in relation with HbS. The asset of a heightened anaerobic ability in SCTc could be the consequence of a reduced aerobic ability, related to an impaiment of oxygen tranport system consecutive to the decrease of HbS affinity to oxyge. The study of ventilatory and lactic responses during an incremental exercise test did not show any significant difference between groups and did not allow confirming this hypothesis (study n°2). Similary, during three repeated incremental exercise tests, the ventilatory and lactic responses were not significantly different between groups and witnessed to a similar aerobic ability between SCTc and control subjects (study n°3). Regarding the controversy, the data of our studies inclined towards "at least" a similar physical ability between SCTc and non-STCc whatever the contribution of the aerobic metabolism
Laurac, David. "Histoire naturelle de la néphropathie associée à la drépanocytose en Guadeloupe." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M155.
Full textSloma, Ivan. "Biologie des protéines CD1a, CD1b et CD1c : De l'expression monocytaire à la présentation de l'antigène par les cellules dendritiques." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D036.
Full textCD1a, CD1b and CD1c proteins are non classical MHC-class I antigen presenting molecules. They display structural homology with MHC-class I proteins. Expressed on dendritic cells, they present glycolipid antigens to specific T lymphocytes with participate to anti-infectious and anti-tumoral immune responses. After an extensive review on CD1 antigen presenting system and dendritic cell populations, this manuscript presents firstly three studies on CD1 expression on monocytes in sickle cell disease and its relation with susceptibility towards severe bacterial infection. In a second part data on CD1a membrane organization and its impact on T cell activation and dendritic cell maturation are presented
Monchanin, Géraldine. "Effet de l'exercice sur les paramètres cardio-respiratoires, hémorhéologiques, vasculaires et inflammatoires chez des athlètes porteurs du trait drépanocytaire." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10095.
Full textConan, Frédéric. "Drepanocytose et infections." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN1M018.
Full textTrampont, Paul. "Physiopathologie vasculaire de la maladie drépanocytaire : Rôle des médiateurs de l'inflammation régulés par NF-kB." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22027.
Full textGueye, Fatou. "Drépanocytose et polymorphismes génétiques : épidémiologie, prédiction de gravité et stress-oxydant." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1044/document.
Full textThe primary objective of this thesis was to determine the isolated and combined effects of alpha-thalassemia, inductors polymorphisms (QTLs) of HbF and genotype G6PD in a context of natural progression of sickle cell disease (Studies 1 and 2). Study 1 was undertaken to evaluate for the first time the allelic frequencies of these modifiers genes in 301 Senegalese SS children. Unlike other African populations, the G6PD Betica Variant was predominant over the A (-) variant. In addition, 12% of our cohort had G6PD deficiency combined with no alpha-thalassemia. These patients will be favoured for the realization of a transcranial doppler. The results obtained in Study 2 allowed us to conclude that alpha thalassemia and QTLs of HbF are interdependent and should not be studied separately for accurate clinical prediction. Indeed, a combination of alpha thalassemia with at least 2 QTLs of HbF is required to significantly delay the first complication of the disease. However, a homozygous alpha thalassemia, even associated with 3 to 6 QTLs of HbF, increases the frequency of CVOs during childhood. Therefore, a heterozygous alpha-thalassemia with at least two QTL HbFs would be the most favourable genotype for the occurrence of CVOs. The second objective of this thesis was to study the interrelationships between oxidative stress and the clinical severity of the disease (Studies 3 to 4). Sickle cell disease is characterized by high oxidative stress that may explain some of the clinical manifestations. Our results showed that homozygous alpha-thalassemia appears to reduce oxidative stress, which would contribute to its protective effect on certain complications of the hemolytic sub-phenotype. In addition, patients with the least hospitalization and CVO appear to have better antioxidant defense (catalase and GPx activities increased). In Study 4 we studied 4 SNPs of oxidative stress genes (rs4880 of the SOD2 gene, rs207454 of the XO gene, rs233322 of the MPO gene and rs35652124 of the NFE2L2 gene). The rs4880 SNP would have a favourable effect on the biological level (less reticulocytosis, increased GPx activity) but without associated clinical translation. The same is true for rs233322, which is associated with greater haemolysis and oxidative stress (AOPP). On the other hand, a tendency to a protective effect of rs207454 for some complications (hospitalizations, osteonecrosis, sepsis, STA) was observed. Our work contributes to the understanding of the impact of modifiers genes in sickle cell disease. It could therefore, through a positive selection of at-risk patients, improve the management of the disease in countries where the basic treatments (hydroxyurea, transcranial doppler, blood transfusion) cannot be offered to all
Saadane, Nacéra. "Modèles transgéniques de la drépanocytose : les souris SAD : physiopathologie et essais thérapeutiques." Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120053.
Full textRakotoson, Marie Georgine. "Déterminants de la réponse à l'Hydroxyurée au cours du traitement de la drépanocytose." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0092.
Full textHydroxyurea, the only sickle-cell–disease approved drug, has proven its efficacy in ameliorating patient quality of life and life expectancy. The classical biological response of Hydroxyurea therapy is increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) which inhibits deoxy hemoglobin S polymerization. However, other parameters also support clinical benefits of Hydroxyurea especially for chronic organ failures which are related to hemolysis. Sickle-cell–disease hemolytic phenotype is associated with dense red blood cells (DRBC) defined as having a density >1,11. Improvement of chronic clinical complications is associated with a marked decrease in %DRBC emphasizing its role as a therapeutic target for Hydroxyurea treatment. Despite the known benefits in both acute and chronic sickle-cell–disease manifestations, the mechanism action of Hydroxyurea has not been fully elucidated.This thesis was undertaken in order to investigate the mechanism of action of Hydroxyurea in sickle-cell–disease treatment.The first aim is to determine biological parameters predictive of %DRBC decrease under Hydroxyurea. A significant decrease in %DRBC after 6 months of Hydroxyurea therapy was observed. This biological response was associated with a decrease in hemolysis. However no correlation with %HbF increase was detected; the decrease in %DRBC under Hydroxyurea was more constant than the increase in %HbF.The second aim of this study was to develop a new approach for HbF determination in individual red blood cells. Indeed, routine HbF quantification only provides a mean value. However clinical amelioration is not exclusively dependent on the average %HbF, since a wide distribution of HbF content per cell could indicate a HbF content threshold for inhibition of deoxy hemoglobin S polymerization. In this context, a simple and precise method was developed in order to assay HbF content per cell. The distribution of HbF during Hydroxyurea therapy was analyzed as proof of concept. The longitudinal monitoring showed an uneven distribution of HbF before Hydroxyurea and a normal distribution in the whole red blood cells after 6 months of therapy. A rapid decrease in red blood cells not containing HbF in favor of cells expressing a high quantity of HbF was observed.The third objective consisted of Hydroxyurea therapy optimization. Chronic kidney disease is a frequent complication during sickle-cell–disease. Since Hydroxyurea is cleared from plasma partially by renal excretion, impaired renal function could potentially affect Hydroxyurea pharmacokinetics. A new simple Hydroxyurea dosage method was performed in this context.Hydroxyurea pharmacokinetic parameters were compared among sickle-cell–disease patients with normal renal function, moderate renal insufficiency and renal hyper filtration. A decrease in Hydroxyurea elimination associated with a marked plasma concentration was observed inrenally impaired patients. No significant difference was observed between renal hyper filtration and normal patients.These results provide answers about Hydroxyurea effect on DRBC which are involved in chronic vasculopathy and on HbF distribution. Hydroxyurea dosage method underpins the need for dose adjustment in renally impaired patients
Griffon, Céline. "Modulation et rôle des paramètres hémorhéologiques dans la physiopathologie de la drépanocytose." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1278/document.
Full textThe first goal of this thesis (Study 1 and 2) was to improve the use and the comprehension of tools for red blood cell (RBC) deformability measurements in sickle cell disease (SCD). The first study showed the importance of standardization of RBC deformability measurements by ektacytometry in SCD children. In the study 2, the RBC proprieties was modified and the variation of « classic » RBC deformability curve (elongation index as a function of the shear stress in isotonic medium) was compared to osmoscan results (elongation index in hyperosmolar gradient and constant shear stress), the gold standard for RBC membrane defect studies. Thus, the modifications of RBC deformability curve above 3 Pa were affected by RBC internal viscosity and cellular surface modification (and thus surface/volume ratio) while membran elasticity modifications affected RBC deformability whatever the shear stress (low, moderate or high). The second goal of this thesis was to study the effects of genetic modifiers, hemorheological parameters and oxidative stress level on vaso-occlusive complications (VOC) in SCD (Study 3 to 6). Hemorheological parameters were measured on 165 patients from Lyon and 240 patients from Gwada and the results showed that blood viscosity increased until the age of 30 and RBC deformability decreased with age (Study 3). This modifications probably play role in the chronic complications of SCD adult patients. The studies 4 and 5 were conducted on SCD children. We studied the effects of genetic modifiers (alpha-thalassemia, glucose-6-phospho-deshydrogenase deficiency and S haplotypes ; study 3) and nitro-oxidative stress level (study 5). Alpha-thalassemia increase RBC deformability and RBC aggregation. This phenomenon could contribute to increase VOC. Moreover, alpha-thalassemia decreased hemolysis and thus oxidative stress, a major component of SCD physiopathology. Then the study 6 showed that Sbeta+ patient hemorheology was quite the same of AA ubjects but the more severe patients could have a defect in circulating nitric oxide. To conclude, my thesis contribute to a better understanding of SCD physiopathology
Moreau, Éric. "Les manifestations rénales de la drépanocytose hétérozygote : à propos de neuf observations." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M192.
Full textLe, Turdu Claudine. "Intérêt de la médecine nucléaire dans le diagnostic en urgence des complications de la drépanocytose chez l'enfant : projet de protocole d'étude en Guadeloupe." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25274.
Full textChami, Ibtissam. "Contribution à l'étude du polymorphisme génétique des hémoglobines humaines et du mécanisme de l'induction par l'hydroxyurée du gène gamma de globine chez les patients drépanocytaires." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120069.
Full textMichel, Marie Caroline. "Hématologie des syndromes drépanocytaires majeurs." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P195.
Full textLewden, Charlotte. "Le dépistage néonatal de la drépanocytose : évaluation du programme en Guyane Françaisede 1986 à 1991." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M014.
Full textBatina, Agasa Salomon. "Drépanocytose et transfusion sanguine: étude réalisée à Kisangani en République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209894.
Full textLa drépanocytose, affection génétique concernant 1 à 2% de la population en Afrique sub-saharienne, est une maladie chronique dont l’un des traitements essentiels est la transfusion sanguine. Kisangani, une ville du Nord-est de la République Démocratique du Congo, compte environ un million d’habitants et près de 30 000 naissances par an. Elle est caractérisée entre autre par l’endémie malarienne, la fréquence élevée dans la population des virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH), des virus des hépatites B (VHB) et C (VHC) et la carence d’autosuffisance en sang. Le don de sang est fait par des donneurs volontaires et par des donneurs de remplacement. Les tests VIH et VHB sont réalisés chez les donneurs depuis les années 80, celui de VHC depuis fin 2004. Dans ce contexte, définir des actions prioritaires pour assurer, en général et en particulier pour les patients drépanocytaires, la sécurité transfusionnelle la plus optimale possible est essentiel.
Méthodologie
Afin de déterminer les prévalences d’infections virales, les marqueurs sérologiques du VIH, VHB et VHC ont été recherchés chez 4637 donneurs de sang (2236 volontaires et 2401 de remplacement) du Centre Provincial de Transfusion et des hôpitaux de Kisangani. Chez 140 patients drépanocytaires suivis dans un centre médical de Kisangani, 127 ont été transfusés. Parmi eux, 79 sont « polytransfusés » et 94 ont été transfusés avant 2004. Outre la sérologie VIH, VHB et VHC, l’allo-immunisation anti-HLA et anti-érythrocytaire ont été recherchées et les indications de transfusion déterminées. Afin d’estimer la prévalence de la drépanocytose à la naissance, l’HbS a été identifiée systématiquement par focalisation isoélectrique sur du sang du cordon ombilical de 520 nouveau-nés suivis dans cinq maternités de Kisangani. Afin de déterminer les indications transfusionnelles dans la drépanocytose à Kisangani, un relevé de ces indications a été réalisé pour ces mêmes 127 patients drépanocytaires transfusés. Afin de comparer l’usage de la transfusion à Kisangani et à Bruxelles pour des complications non liées à l’environnement, les 140 patients drépanocytaires suivis à Kisangani ont été comparés à 195 patients suivis à Bruxelles ;parmi eux, 71 patients ont pu être appariés pour l’âge.
Résultats
La prévalence des marqueurs viraux chez les donneurs de sang est de l’ordre de 4% pour le VIH, de 5% pour le VHB et de 4% pour le VHC. Les séroprévalences de VIH (2,2 vs 4,1%) et VHB (3,0 vs 4,6%) sont moindres chez les donneurs bénévoles par rapport aux donneurs de remplacement. La prévalence du VIH et du VHB observée chez les donneurs bénévoles était plus élevée en 2006 qu’en 2004. Treize patients drépanocytaires non transfusés ne sont pas porteurs des marqueurs viraux. Six pourcent des patients qui ont une sérologie VHC positive sont des polytransfusés ;1% chez ceux qui avaient reçu une ou deux transfusions. Suite au retard d’introduction du dépistage VHC chez les donneurs, une séroprévalence pour le VHC de 7 % des malades pour seulement 0,7% pour celle du VIH et de 1,4% pour celle du VHB a été démontrée. Le fait qu’aucun patient transfusé après 2004, n’a été trouvé positif au VHC alors que 10 % l’ont été parmi ceux transfusés avant 2004 montre le bénéfice de l’introduction de moyens simples et peu coûteux. Deux (1,6 %) patients étaient porteurs d’anticorps anti-HLA et 13 (10%) des anticorps anti-érythrocytaires (2 anti-C-D, 1 anti-E et 1 anti-C-D-E). Aucun des patients n’étaient porteurs des anticorps anti-Kell (K), anti-Kidd (Jka et Jkb) ou anti-Duffy. La prévalence de la drépanocytose chez les nouveau-nés de Kisangani est d’environ 1 %. A Kisangani, outre l’anémie liée à la malaria (46 %), un facteur environnemental, 34 % des transfusions ont été administrées pour des crises douloureuses simples. En comparaison, aucun patient suivi à Bruxelles n’a été transfusé pour cette indication. Cette attitude est probablement à mettre en relation avec la méconnaissance de la maladie par le personnel médical et par les familles des malades. L’anémie chronique de ces patients est souvent mal connue et interprétée comme une anémie aiguë.
Conclusion
Un encouragement des dons bénévoles sans exclure les donneurs de remplacement est nécessaire pour continuer à accroître l’approvisionnement en sang. Afin d’améliorer la sécurité transfusionnelle, la généralisation des tests simples de dépistage des donneurs de sang comme ceux du VHC devrait constituer une priorité dans les centres de transfusion. Avec une prévalence d’environ 1%, la drépanocytose est une affection fréquente à Kisangani. Pour ces patients drépanocytaires, établir des recommandations concernant les indications transfusionnelles permettrait de leur éviter des transfusions inappropriées.
Abstract
Introduction
Sickle cell disease (SCD), a genetic disorder that affects 1% to 2% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa, is a chronic disease in which blood transfusion is one of the essential treatments. Kisangani, a town in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, has about one million inhabitants and nearly 30 000 births per year. It is characterized among others by the endemic malarial, a high frequency in the population of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus, but also a lack of self-sufficiency in blood. Blood donation is given by volunteers and replacement donors. HBV and HIV screening tests are performed in donors since the 80s, while for HCV it is available only since late 2004. In that context in view to ensure blood transfusion safety, it is essential to define priority actions, in general and especially for patients with sickle cell disease.
Methodology
To determine the prevalence of viral infections, serological markers for HIV, HBV and HCV were investigated in 4637 blood donors (2236 volunteers and 2401 replacement) of the Provincial Center of Transfusion and hospitals in Kisangani. Among 140 SCD-patients followed in a medical centre in Kisangani, 127 were transfused; 79 were considered as “multiple-transfused” and 94 were transfused before 2004. HIV, HBV and HCV seroprevalences, alloimmunization anti-HLA and against red blood cells were determined as well as the indications for transfusion.
To estimate the prevalence of SCD at birth, HbS was identified by isoelectric focusing on umbilical cord blood of 520 newborns in five maternities of Kisangani.
To determine the indications for transfusion in SCD patients at Kisangani, these indications were recorded for the 127 SCD transfused patients.
To compare the use of transfusion in Kisangani and in Brussels for clinical events unrelated to the environment, the 140 SCD-patients followed in Kisangani were compared with the 195 SCD-patients followed in Brussels and 71 patientsin both groups could be matched for age.
Results
The prevalence of viral markers among blood donors is around 4% for HIV, 5% for HBV and 4% for HCV. The seroprevalence of HIV (2.2 vs. 4.1%) and HBV (3.0 vs. 4.6%) were lower among volunteer donors compared to replacement donors. The prevalence of HIV and HBV infection observed among blood donors was higher in 2006 than in 2004.
Thirteen non-transfused sickle cell patients were not carriers of any serological viral marker. The SCD-patients HCV(+) were “multiple-transfused” patients (6%) or those who received one or two transfusions (1%). Following the delayed introduction of HCV donor screening, a HCV seroprevalence of 7% of patients for only 0.7% for the HIV and 1.4% for the HBV was demonstrated. The fact that no patients transfused after 2004 were HCV(+) compared to 10% of those transfused before 2004 shows the benefit of the introduction of a simple and inexpensive screening test. Two (1.6%) patients had anti-HLA antibodies and 13 (10%) red blood cells antibodies (2 anti-CD, 1 anti-E and an anti-C-D-E). None of the patients displayed Kell (K), Kidd (Jka and Jkb) or Duffy red cells antibodies.
The prevalence of sickle cell disease in newborns of Kisangani is about 1%. In Kisangani, in addition to anaemia due to malaria (46%), an environmental factor, 34% of transfusions were administered for uncomplicated painful crises. In comparison, no patient followed in Brussels were transfused for that indication. This attitude is likely to be related with the ignorance of the disease by the medical staff and patients’ families. The chronic anaemia of those patients is often poorly understood and interpreted as acute anaemia.
Conclusion
Encouragement of voluntary donations without excluding the replacement donors is needed to pursue to increase the blood supply. To improve blood safety, the generalization of simple tests for screening blood donors as those for HCV should be a priority in transfusion centres. With a prevalence of about 1%, the SCD is a common disease in Kisangani. For those SCD-patients, establish guidelines for indications of transfusion would avoid inappropriate transfusion.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Comte, Danièle. "Les manifestations osseuses de la drépanocytose : histologie et mecanismes presumes des lesions condensantes." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M163.
Full textDossou, Yovo Omer Placide. "Recherche de gènes modificateurs de l'expression clinique de la drepanocytose." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077186.
Full textClinical expression of sickle cell disease is quite variable. Interplay of both environmental and genetic factors, linked and unlinked to the globin loci (α and β clusters), indeed contribute to such variability. We focus our attention on the potential contribution of genetic modifiers unlinked to the two globin loci viz MBL2, RANTES, VCAM-1 and ET-1 to two major complications of sickle cell disease namely vaso occlusive crisis and susceptibility to severe infections in two population groups; an unselected benin general population and a clinically followed cohort of sickle cell children. We demonstrated a) an over representation of low MBL2 expressor p. G57E allele at heterozygote state in non sickle cell adults as compared to new born controls (30,2% versus 25% p=0. 01) suggesting a selective advantage ; b) protection against susceptibility to infections in sickle cell children by the variant g. Lnl. 1T>C allele of RANTES, highlighting, for the first time, an association between a pro inflammatory cytokine polymorphism and attenuation of one of the major complication of sickle cell disease. This surrogate marker may find clinical application in targeting susceptible patients eligible for efficacious anti infectious measures
Njiengwé, François. "Drépanocytose et dépression au Cameroun : déterminismes biopsychosociaux et ressorts pour une réponse pragmatique à la souffrance." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20052.
Full textOur work looked for a possible explanatory link between sickle cell anaemia and depression in Cameroonian patients. This link is postulated as proceeding from three interdependent dimensions: biologic, environmental and psychological or personal. This work is rather an observational and qualitative clinical perspective in psychopathology. In 40 patients, two profiles of the “threat of a psychic decay” were built. In every indicator declined in our operational hypotheses is compared each of both anxio-depressive profiles. This comparison shows no link between the biologic parameters, the environmental incidences and the anxiety-depressive profiles. In the contrary, the psychological incidences turn out to be in narrow relation with the “threat of a psychic decay”. The decision-maker is called to offer increasing care, management and prevention. Medical staff and whole community are invited to more empathy to neutralize the spiral of the decay. Pragmatic perspectives are proposed
Allayous, Clara. "Recherche de nouveaux marqueurs de la variabilité d'expression clinique de la drépanocytose : pour la définition de profils de patients." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0179.
Full textSickle cell disease is characterized by a polymorphism and a clinical variability. Molecular and cellular bases of this variability are unknown. We wanted to have a better understanding of the present mechanism by searching for discriminant factors that allowed patients' profiles to be revealed. For that purpose, the use of biomathematical and biostatistical methods such as classification, decision trees or ANOVA helped us lay emphasis on the importance of vascular adhesion, as weil as the amplifying role of inflammation in these phenomena. In this way, our studies have enabled us to characterize as specifie markers of this variability, HNE and Lf, which are two proteins released by neutrophils and involved in inflammatory processes. Moreover, our studies are based on determining plasmatic levels of both proteins in the case of different complications and the research of associated polymorphisms. Owing to their plasmatic levels and particular structures, both HNE and Lf are involved in the occurence of specifie complications. The prospects of this study are numerous in the medical sphere also, by using diagnosis and decision-making tools which are responsible for a more individualized follow-up for sickle cell patients. In addition, the results observed will give a better idea of functional and structural dynamics of HNE and Lf, in order to have a better knowledge of their physiological roles and of the associated mechanisms, from a pathophysiological point of view
Durpès, Marie-Claude. "Les mécanismes d'activation du globule rouge : implication dans la physiopathologie de la drépanocytose : effet des chimiokines IL-8 et RANTES et rôle du récepteur DARC." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0360.
Full textSickle cell disease is characterized by the occurrence of painful vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) whose frequency and severity are highly variable from one patient to another. The pathophysiology of VOC is complex, involving cellular interactions between endothelial cells anc the circulating cells, especially the red blood cells (RBC). Cellular activation induced by pro-inflammatory events is the most likely initiating step. We investigated the impact of an inflammatory environ ment on functional abnormalities of the sickle RBC (SSRBC) that promote the development of VOCs: the abnormal adhesion properties and the dehydration process of sickle red cells. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of the inflammatory chimiokines RANTES and IL-8 that bind to the SSRBC through their receptors DARC (Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines). The study was conducted with Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative patients. Our results showed that the chemokines IL-8 and RANTES promote, only in Duffy-positive patients: • SSRBC dehydration via Gardos channel activation, • SSRBC adhesion to immobilized VCAM-1 and Fibronectin via the activation of the integrin VLA-4 expressed on reticulocytes. Furthermore, we observed in absence of stimulation by the chemokines: • A percentage of irreversibly sickled RBC (density> 1,120) 17 times more important in the Duffy-positif group. • A higher activation state of VLA-4 in Duffy-positive reticulocytes. These results suggest the coupling of DARC to the Gardos channel and to VLA-4. Additional work is necessary to determine if these interactions are direct and to explore the signaling pathways related to the activation processes
Chaar, Vicky. "Expression clinique et physiolopathologie de la drépanocytose:identification de gènes modulateurs et implication des microparticules." Antilles-Guyane, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AGUY0140.
Full textIn the present study ,we investigated the involvement of genetoc factors and microparticles5MPS) in the pathophysiology and the clinical expression of sickle cell disease. This study has been realized using homozygous SS sickle patients,followed by the caribbean Sickle Cell Center of Guadeloupe. We have shown a relationship betwen UGT1A1(UDP Gluronosyltranferase 1 A1)promoter polymorphism and the cholelithiasis in adults and children with sickle cell disease. This polymorphism is also associated with the age-at-onset of cholelithiasis in children with sickle cell disease. Athalassemia is not associated with the risk of cholelithiasis. UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism outweighsthe effect of a-thalassemia on bilirubinemia. Our results have shown that endothelin-1 (ET-1) T8002C and ec-NOS(endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase)T-786C polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell anemia. Our preliminary results concerning the involvement of MPs in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease suggest a relationship betwen the presence of MPs and the symptomatology of the disease. On the other hand ,the ex vivo study concerning the effect of MPs onthe expression of target genes by endothelial cells in culture suggest the involment of MPs in the initiation and /or the bearing of the vascular endothelium pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant phenotypes
Peyrard, Thierry. "Les phénotypes érythrocytaires rares : approche épidémiologique, immunologique et moléculaire en vue d'une classification bioclinique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066727.
Full textTölg, Cécilia. "Cholécystectomie chez l'enfant drépanocytaire : étude rétrospective des huit dernières années en Martinique." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23095.
Full textLoiseau, Etienne. "Approche biomimétique de la vaso-occlusion dans la drépanocytose: production de vésicules et microfluidique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681260.
Full textGourc, André. "Etude de la relation paludisme-drépanocytose dans la vallée du Maroni en Guyane Française." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M057.
Full textKoehl, Bérengère. "Implication de l'endotheline-1 dans l'adhérence et l'activation des polynucléaires neutrophiles dans la drépanocytose." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC112/document.
Full textSickle cell disease is a genetic disorder affecting red blood cells, due to a point mutation in the β chain of the hemoglobin gene. However, the pathophysiology of the disease goes well beyond the erythrocyte abnormalities, including vascular and white blood cell dysfunctions that contribute to the complexity of the disease. In this project, we investigated the role of endothelin-1, a powerful vasoconstrictor peptide involved in many vascular diseases, on activation and adhesion of neutrophil in sickle cell disease.We worked on both a mouse model of sickle cell disease (SAD mice) and blood samples from patients. In mice, we performed intravital microscopy experiments, to test the in vivo effect of endothelin receptor antagonists ETA and ETB on neutrophils recruitment. On blood samples from patients with sickle cell disease, we tested in vitro adhesion of neutrophils to vascular endothelium in response to the blocking of ETA and ETB receptors. Finally, we studied the expression of ETA and ETB receptors on neutrophils and the signaling pathways resulting in their activation.In our mouse model of sickle cell disease, the inhibition of both endothelin receptors ETA and ETB limits the major leukocyte recruitment caused by an inflammatory stimulus. These results confirm the role of ETA and the more unexpected important role of ETB in all stages of neutrophil adhesion and transmigration in sickle cell context.On human samples, we demonstrated the crucial role of ETB in neutrophils adhesion. We also confirmed the expression of ETA and ETB receptors on neutrophils. ETB receptor activates a signaling pathway responsible for intracytoplasmic calcium mobilization, but not involving the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Finally, we have shown the ability of neutrophils to synthesize and secrete endothelin-1, which can contribute to sustain the inflammatory stimulation and increased leukocyte recruitment.In conclusion, our work has highlighted the important role of ETB receptor in the recruitment of neutrophils in sickle cell disease. These data suggest that the antagonists of endothelin could be beneficial in prevention of vaso-occlusive events in sickle cell patients
Josset, Éliane. "Le corps de l’enfant à l'épreuve de la drépanocytose : traitement psychique de la douleur et représentations de la maladie dans les dessins d’enfants et le discours des patients, des familles et des soignants." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC330.
Full textSickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder in the world. The main symptom is intense and unpredictable pain. Painful crisis sometimes require medical and psychic cares during hospitalization. In painful crisis, the child experiences massive anxieties and feelings of helplessness. Even if pain could be destructuring, an intrapsychic treatment can be held by psychological support. Pain follows a path between the child and his environment. By contagion and identification, people nearby may feel threatened and overwhelmed. Sickle cell crisis, peppering the lives of patients at a young age, are at once effractant and constitutive of their “feeling of being”. Without understating the difficulty to exist of the subject, painful crisis sometimes sign the movement and expression of subjectivity.At first, this research approaches clinical and theoretical aspects of sickle cell disease, specifically, issues of representations of the disease, pain, and filiation. Then, in a qualitative study, we will offer to children to draw their pain. A semi-structured interview will be conducted with their parent. This research aims to contribute to the improvement of medical and psychic care for children with sickle cell disease and their parents
Garnier, Yohann. "Caractérisation des microparticules des patients drépanocytaires et de leur impact sur le phénotype des cellules endothéliales." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0158/document.
Full textSicle cell disease (SCD) is the first genetic disease in France and more specifically in Guadeloupe. It is a blood disorder due to a point mutation in the β-globin gene. The corresponding peptide chain being a part of hemoglobin, SCD patients have an abnormal hemoglobin called “HbS”, contrary to the normal one, so called “HbA”. In hypoxic conditions, HbS forms polymers inside red blood cells (RBCs), thereby making them rigid but also fragile. Consequently, RBCs can stop blood flow due to their low deformability, and so cause a painful vaso-occlusive crisis, which is a complication characterizing SCD. This pathophysiological model has been modified by recent results showing the involvement of leukocytes in the establishing of these occlusions. Besides, sickle RBCs are more prone to hemolysis owing to their being fragile. Due to this exacerbated hemolysis, hemoglobin is released in the plasma and diminishes the bioavailability of the main vasodilator, nitrite monoxide. Moreover, rigid sickled RBCs entail endothelium activation, which results in a pro-inflammatory, a pro-adhesive and a pro-coagulant context. This latter favors blood cells activation, among which are platelets and erythrocytes that bud high quantities of submicrometric membrane vesicles called microparticles, or MPs. In the absence of curative treatment for all patients, we decided to study the profile but also the role of MPs from SCD patients to better understand this disease and hoping to find a new diagnostic or therapeutic pathway. We showed that SC patients have lower MP levels than SS patients, but higher MP levels than AA subjects. Surprisingly, we have observed that SC MPs, whether they derive from RBCs or platelets (PLTs), have higher densities of exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) than SS MPs. Since this phospholipid is involved in the activation of the coagulation cascade, it would be interesting to evaluate the intensity of this activation by SS or SC MPs. One could also compare these intensities to the one induced by MPs from SS patients under hydrocarbamide. Indeed we also showed that 2 years after the beginning of this treatment, erythrocyte-derived MP are larger and expose PS much less.As MPs are physiologically in the blood, they can interact with blood cells but also with the vascular endothelium. Given the known changes of this endothelium in SCD (pro-adhesive, pro-inflammatory and pro-coagluant), we then focused on the impact of SCD MPs on endothelial cells (ECs). These cells came from human bone marrow, a territory frequently affected by vaso-occlusions. These experiments showed that SS and SC MPs, induce, compared to AA MPs, a dose-dependent overexpression of genes involved in adherence (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin), in inflammation (IL-6, IL-1β and CD40-I) and in coagulation (TF). At the protein level, ICAM-1 is also overexpressed. Indeed SS MPs induce within 4 hours of incubation, an increase of the mean membrane density of ICAM-1, but also an increased proportion of cells bearing this protein. As ICAM-1 is involved in leukocytes adherence to the endothelium (rolling, firm adhesion and even transmigration), SS MPs may, by triggering ICAM-1 overexpression at the endothelium surface, allow their adherence to the endothelium, thereby promoting RBC adherence and so the occlusion of the vessel and the occurring of a VOC. It would be interesting to determine which type of MP cause the overexpression of ICAM-1 and to evaluate if it is sufficient to increase in vitro adherence of leukocytes to ECs stimulated with MPs. This would allow to evaluate how important MPs are when considering the fight against sickle cell disease
Catella-Chatron, Judith. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle et mécanistiquedes ulcères de jambe des patients drépanocytaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10207.
Full textSickle cell disease is the first genetic disorder in France and worldwide (around one birth over 2,000 in USA). This hemoglobinopathy leads to the production of a mutated hemoglobin called hemoglobin S (HbS) which has the property to polymerize in deoxygenated condition, leading to red blood cell (RBC) sickling. Sickle cell anemia (SCA) patient RBCs are more fragile and less deformable than RBC from healthy individuals. Patients suffer from hemolytic anemia, repeated painful vaso-occlusive crisis and other acute and chronical complications including leg ulcers (LU). SCA is both a RBC disease and a vascular disease. Chronic hemolysis and inflammation, coagulation abnormalities and decrease nitric oxide bioavailability are the causes of significant vascular dysfunction. However, LU are an unpredictable debilitating complication of sickle cell anemia (SCA). We hypothesized that SCA patients with LU would be characterized by lower microvascular reactivity than patients without LU. The DrepanO2 study included 65 adults with SCA in steady-state condition. The aim was to investigate simultaneously the skin microcirculatory function (measuring transcutaneous oxygen pressure and heat, current and acetylcholine-related vasodilatation) and several blood biological parameters in SCA patients with and without LU. We also tested the effects of plasma from patients with and without LU on endothelial cells activation (HDMEC in 2D culture). Over the 65 patients included, LU has been diagnosed in 9 patients (LU+). All patients had disease-modifying treatment except one. We observed a reduction of the skin microcirculatory function in the 9 LU+ patients, with no change in plasma inflammation markers or endothelial cell activation. Among the 9 patients with active ulcers (LU+ group), 8 were subsequently followed over a period of 8 months, 6 of whom healed in approximately 4 months. Our results showed that skin microcirculatory function improved after healing. Our results therefore showed less pronounced functional impairment of cutaneous microcirculation after healing. Investigation of inflammation, coagulation, hemolysis, and blood rheology did not reveal any differences between patients with or without leg ulcers. Further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this complication
Bartolucci, Pablo. "Adhérence des globules rouges dans la Drépanocytose : rôle de Lu/BCAM et action de l'hydroxycarbamide." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077003.
Full textSickle cell disease is characterized by painful vaso-occlusive crises during which abnormal interactions between erythroid adhesion molecules and vesselwall proteins are thought to play a critical role. Hydroxyurea, the only drug with proven benefit in sickle cell disease, diminishes these interactions, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. We report that, under hydroxyurea, expression of the unique erythroid laminin receptor Lu/BCAM was increased, but red blood cell adhesion to laminin decreased. Because Lu/BCAM phosphorylation is known to activate cell adhesion to laminin, it was evaluated and found to be dramatically lower in hydroxyureatreated patients. Analysis of the protein kinase A pathway showed decreased intracellular levels of the upstream effector cyclic adenosine monophosphate during hydroxyurea treatment. Using a cellular model expressing recombinant Lu/BCAM, we showed that hydroxyurea led to decreased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and diminished Lu/BCAM phosphorylation and cell adhesion. We provide evidence that hydroxyurea could reduce abnormal sickle red blood cell adhesion to the vascular wall by regulating the activation state of adhesion molecules independently of their expression level
Lansiaux, Pauline. "Mécanismes d'action moléculaires de l'hydroxycarbamide dans les cellules endothéliales dans le contexte de la drépanocytose." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077209.
Full textHydroxycarbamide (HC) is the only effective drug by reducing vaso-occlusive crisis in sicle cell disease patients. It is now admitted that HC acts on additional target cells than red cells and our team focuses on its mechanism of action in vascular endothelial cells (VEC). We showed that HC increases the expression of mimerons inflammatory molecules and decreases the expression of the adhesion molecule VCAM-1 and the vasoconstrictor ET-1. The aim of this thesis is: firstly to identify new adhesion molecules targeted by HC and secondly to find out molecular intermediates controlling HC action. We found that besides VCAM-1, the expression of TSP-1, vWF and PECAM-1 was decreased by HC in VEC. Guided by our transcriptomic data, we tested the involvement of GATA transcription factors as molecular intermediates of HC action in VEC. Results show that HC reduces the expression of GATA-2 and GATA-6, and that this decrease is partly responsible of VCAM-1, PECAM-1 and vWF response to HC. Finally, we found that NO-sGC-cGMP pathway was an intermediate of IL-8, PECAM-1 and vWF modulation by HC. Understanding HC mechanism of action is necessary to identify more specific and safer therapeutic targets. We demonstrate here the involvement of GATA transcription factors and NO-sGC-cGMP pathway in HG-response of several molecules involved in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease
Aumonier, Bernard. "Incidence du type de drépanocytose sur la fréquence et la gravité des lésions oculaires rétiniennes." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25270.
Full textSegault-Chaleix, Lysiane. "Prise en charge des enfants drépanocytaires." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11060.
Full textBrun, Manuel. "Effets cellulaires et moléculaires de l'hydroxyurée sur les cellules endothéliales humaines en culture." Antilles-Guyane, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AGUY0110.
Full textSince 1995,administration of hydroxyurea(HU) to sickle cell patients allows to reduce vaso occlusive crisis frequency and to decrease incidence of some of the main complications of that disease. However,its mechanism of action remains to be elucidade. In this contex,our goal is to study the effects of HU on the endothelium. A targeted study on candidates genes associated to an transcriptome analysis approach (on 406 human genes),has demonstrated the capacity of HU in human endothelial cells in culture to:decrease the synthesis of a vaconstrictor factor (endothelin-1),increase the expression of pro inflammatory factors such as ICAM-1,il-8 and the chemokine RANTES. Involvement of the soluble guanylate cyclase and the NFKB pathways in over expression of RANTES and IL-8 has been suggested by the use of specific inhibitors. In addition ,modulation of ICAM-1(a major endothelial receptor of Plasmodium Falciparum parasited red blood cells) by HU suggested the need of study in the field of paludous infection ,indeed, since sickle cell dasease (SCD) and malaria endemic areas are largely overlapping,any utilisation of that drug in this area should be preceded of safety studies. Hence,using an murine model of neuromalaria,we showed that administration of HU significantly recuded the mortality of treated mice. Finally ,this work demonstrates that endothelium is a target of HU. The above mentioned results also opens new therapeutic avenues in the field of SCD and malaria treatment
Béral, Cindy Laurence. "Caractéristiques de la maculopathie drépanocytaire et rôle des paramétres hématologiques et hermorhélogiques." Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0308/document.
Full textSickle cell disease (SCD) also known as sickle cell anemia is the most common genetic affection in the world. Most of SCD cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa, india and among people of African and indian descent living in other parts of the world. SCD is common in Guadeloupe, French West indies. It results in an abnormal hemoglobin leading to rigid sickle like shape red blood cells responsible for a great number of acute and chronical systemic complications including ophthalmic affections. Recently, a wild prevalence of maculopathy has been reported by several authors but its pathophysiology remains unclear.We performed two studies. The aim of the first one was to investigate the prevalence of SCD retinopathy and maculopathy and to test the association between these two conditions. Moreover, we looked for a possible link with biological abnormalities. Our study confirmed that SCD maculopathy and retinopathy are common but they remain two independent affections. Nevertheless, we found no association with hematological parameters, blood rheology of genetic.In the second study, we described and compared spectral domain ocular coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) findings in patients with SCD without clinical sign of maculopathy, according to the hemoglobin genotype. We found electrophysiological macular dysfunction in SCD patients with no clinical maculopathy. Furthermore, maculopathy was as frequent in SCA than in SCC patients.Our work confirms that retinal affections are common in SCD. Nevertheless, retinopathy and maculopathy seem to be two independent complications and their pathophysiology remains misunderstood
Mahieu, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse de dérivés soufrés et étude de leur fixation à l'hémoglobine." Paris 12, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA120011.
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