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1
Etuk, E. B., E. B. Etuk, and A. B. I. Udedibie. "Effects of Cooked Pigeon Pea seed meal on the performance, dressed and organ weight characteristics of broilers." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 33, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v33i1.1207.
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Seeds of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) grown in Enugu State in the South East Agricultural zone of Nigeria were studied to determine its effect on performance, dressed weight and organ weight characteristics of broilers. The dry, brown coat coloured pigeon pea seeds were cooked in boiling water for 60minutes, sun-dried, made into a meal and stored in feed bags. The cooked pigeon pea seed meal (CPSM) at 0, 20, 30, 40, and 50% dietary levels replaced 0, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of soybean meal and 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of maize, respectively in formulated broiler starter diets. CPSM also replaced 0, 50, 75 and 100% of soybean meal and 0, 18.18, 27.27, 36,36 and 54.54% of maize, respectively in formulated broiler finisher diets. The formulated broiler starter and finisher diets were fed to 7 - day old hubbard broilers in two successive regimes of 28 days each, for the starter and finisher phases respectively. At 63 days of age, 3 broilers of comparable live weights per replicate were selected, starved of feed for 12 hours, slaughtered and eviscerated to determine the dressed weights and internal organ weights. Broilers fed 0% CPSM diet recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher live weight gains than those on CPSM diets except broilers fed 20% CPSM. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher among broilers fed 50%CPSM diet and significantly (P<0.05) lower among birds on the control (0%CPSM) diet. Results obtained also indicated a significant (P<0.05) difference in dressed weight between birds fed CPSM diets and the control diet (0%CPSM). Birds fed 20% CPSM diet recorded the highest dressed weight. Liver weight decreased progressively with increasing dietary inclusion level of CPSM with birds fed 50% CPSM diet recording significantly (P<0.05) lower weights. Weight of gizzard was also significantly (P<0.05) lower for birds fed 50% CPSM diet. Heart and spleen weights followed a similar pattern with birds fed 20%CPSM diet recording significantly (P<0.05) higher weights for heart and lower weight for spleen respectively, It would appear that dietary CPSM tend to improve the dressed weight of broilers.
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Odukwe, C. N., S. N. Ukachukwu, D. N. Onunkwo, and U. K. Oke. "Effect of varying energy and protein levels on carcass characteristics of helmet Guinea fowls in the tropics." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i1.783.
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The effect of energy and protein and their interaction on carcass characteristics of helmet Guinea fowls in the tropics was investigated using one hundred and thirty-five Guinea fowls. The experiment which lasted for 5 weeks involved a 3*3 factorial in completely randomized design. The birds were randomly assigned to experimental diets containing three energy levels: 2500, 2600 and 2700 kcal/kg denoted as E1 , E2 and E3 respectively and three protein levels: 15%, 16% and 17% CP denoted as P1 , P2 and P3 respectively. The factorial design involved nine treatment combinations. The birds were allocated to each diet and were replicated three times to contain five birds per replicate and 15 birds per treatment. The result revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in the main effects of protein on dressed weight, thigh weight and breast weight. The 17% CP recorded the most significant values for dressed weight (689.44 g) and breast weight (24.89g). The varying energy levels also affected significantly (P<0.05) the dressed weight, thigh weight, wing weight, breast weight, back weight and gizzard weight of the birds. The 2600 kcal/kg recorded the highest dressed weight (717.22 g) compared to the other energy levels. However, the 2700 kcal/kg recorded the most significant values in thigh, wing, breast, back and gizzard weights. The interaction effect of protein x energy levels revealed significant (P<0.05) effects on live weight, wing weight, breast weight, back weight and gizzard weight of the Guinea fowls. The findings from this experiment conclude that diet of Helmeted Guinea fowl containing 15% CP and 2700kcal/kg ME gave the best carcass performance.
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Ncube, Sharai, Tinyiko E. Halimani, Marizvikuri Mwale, and Petronella T. Saidi. "Effect of Acacia angustissima Leaf Meal on the Physiology of Broiler Intestines." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 2 (January 11, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n2p53.
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The effect of A. angustissima leaf meal based diets on intestinal physiology and dressed carcass weight was investigated on 150 day old chicks. Three diets, 0, 5 and 10% A. angustissima were used in a three phase feeding programme. At days 14, 28 and 42, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered, dressed and weighed. The weights and lengths of the duodenum, jejunum and colon were measured. Approximately 1 cm specimen was taken from each organ, fixed in formalin and stained for histological analysis. Using a light microscopy, the digestive and absorptive properties of the tissues were assessed. Inclusion of A. angustissima leaf meal increased intestinal wall thickness, epithelial thickness, and villus height of the duodenum (P < 0.05). There was no effect on the proportional weight and length of the jejunum, jejunum villi height and villi width (P > 0.05) but jejunum wall thickness decreased with increasing levels of the leaf meal (P < 0.05). Leaf meal inclusion resulted in an increase in weight, intestinal wall and mucosal thickness of the colon (P < 0.05) and a decline in sub-mucosal fold height and haustra coli width of the colon (P < 0.05). Dressed weight was the same across diets at two weeks (P > 0.05). At four and six weeks, broilers on the control and 5% diet had superior dressed weights to the 10% fed broilers (P < 0.05). It was concluded that for intestinal physiological adaptation that will not compromise weight gain in broilers, up to 5% A. angustissima could be included in broiler diets.
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JOSEPH, J. K., B. AWOSANYA, P. C. ADEOYE, and M. ROKEKUNLE. "INFLUENCE OF GRADED LEVELS OF TOASTED BAMBARA GROUNDNUT MEAL ON RABBIT CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 27 (January 3, 2021): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v27i.1960.
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The effect of feeding graded levels of toasted banban ground out meal on rabbit weaners was investigated. A total of fifty white rabbit weaners of 6 - 8 weeks with an average weight of 366,7 gwere fed the graded level of tested bambara nut meal at 0. 5, 15, 25 or 35% inclusion level in a complete randomized design experiment for a period of six week. The final live weight, daily feed intake were not influcticed (P>0.05) by the level of bambara nut meal in the diet. However, positive influence of the graded level of bambara nut meal was observed on the rabbit daily weight gain, feed efficiency dressed carcass, dressing percentage and ment: bone ratjo. Rabbits on the 25 and 15% bambara nut inclusion levels were found to have similar (P>0.05) daily weight gain and dressing percentage with the control ration. Rabbit on the 5% bambara nut level diet had the least feed efficiency (0.22) and meat: bone ratio (3.6), while the dressed weights of rabbit fed the diet containing 25% bambara nut meal had the highest dressed carcass weight (501.6g). Rabbits' carcass cut-up parts as well as internal organs (liver, heart, kidneys and lungs) were not influenced by the dietary levels of bambara nut meal. But the pelt weight, empty gut weight, lipid and moisture contents were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the levels of bambara nut meal in the diet.
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Doskovic, Vladimir, Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic, Lidija Peric, Milos Lukic, Zdenka Skrbic, Simeon Rakonjac, and Veselin Petricevic. "Effect of protease and duration of fattening period on dressing percentage of broiler chickens." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 32, no. 4 (2016): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1604353d.
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This study evaluates the effect of different crude protein levels in broiler diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.3% protease enzyme (Ronozyme Pro Act) on dressed carcass weight and dressing percentage during two fattening periods (49 and 63 days). The fast-growing strain Cobb 500 was used. At the end of the fattening trial i.e. at 49 and 63 days, 10 male and 10 female birds were randomly sacrificed from each experimental group to determine body weights and conventionally dressed, ready-to-roast and ready-to-grill carcass weights. The data obtained were used to calculate the dressing percentages of the differently dressed carcasses. Results indicated that carcass weights and dressing percentages were not affected by diet (P>0.05), but also showed that the increase in the length of the fattening period by two weeks (from 7 to 9 weeks) led to increased carcass weights, while dressing percentages decreased (P<0.05).
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Doskovic, Vladimir, Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic, Milos Lukic, Zdenka Skrbic, Simeon Rakonjac, and Veselin Petricevic. "Effect of dietary protease supplementation and sex on dressing percentage and body conformation in broilers." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 32, no. 2 (2016): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1602185d.
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This paper presents research results on the effect of protease on the dressing percentage of conventionally dressed carcass and body conformation in broiler chickens. Broiler diet was supplemented with 0.2% protease (group E-I) and 0.3% protease (group E-II), and protein content in the feed was reduced by 4% (E-I) and 6% (E-II) through a decrease in soybean meal content. Fast-growing Cobb 500 broilers were used for a 63-day fattening trial. Body conformation measurement included absolute carcass conformation measures (metatarsus length, keel length, breast depth, breast angle, thigh girth) and relative body conformation measures - conformation indices (body weight/metatarsus length, body weight/keel length, body weight/breast depth, body weight/thigh girth). Results showed a significant effect of sex on the dressing percentage of conventionally dressed carcass and all body conformation measures, whereas diet had a significant effect on the dressing percentage of conventionally dressed carcass and breast angle values.
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Nghia Son, Hoang, and Le Thanh Long. "Evaluation of growth and carcass performance of crossbred F1 between wild boar from Central Highland with Mong Cai and Soc pigs." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 1 (July 11, 2020): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/18/1/15266.
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This study aimed to evaluate the growth and meat productivity of F1 crossbreds between Central Highland wild boards with Mong Cai and Soc pigs. The experiment was conducted on 2 groups of F1 pigs including F1 crossbred between native wild boars and Mong Cai pigs (RxM), F1 crossbred between of native wild boars and Soc (RxS) pigs, and 2 groups of Mong Cai pigs (M) and Soc pigs (S). The results demonstrated that the growth of F1 pig of RxM group was higher than RxS group after 3 months and 8 months of breeding. The carcass analysis showed that there was no difference in the slaughter weight of pigs between the RxM and M groups, as well as between the RxS and S groups. Pigs from the S group showed the lowest hanging weight (17.60 ± 0.52 kg) and lowest dressed weight (14.92 ± 0.49 kg) among the groups. There was no difference in the hanging weight and dressed weight among the RxM and M groups. However, the ratio of hanging weight (75.95 ± 0.23%) and dressed weight ratio (65.00 ± 0.18%) of RxM group is higher than M group (72.53 ± 0.44% and 62.24 ± 0.51%, respectively). The RxS group also had a higher percentage of hanging weight (74.28 ± 0.57%) and dressed weight (63.73 ± 0.48%) than the S group (71.10 ± 0.40% and 60.25 ± 0.50%, respectively). In this study, we also found that F1 hybrid pigs exhibited a lower backfat thickness than the M and S groups. In contrast, the backskin thickness increased in F1 hybrid groups. The above results showed that the hybridization of with Mong Cai and Soc pigs with Central Highland wild boars could improve the meat productivity of their F1 generation.
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Doskovic, V., S. Bogosavljevic-Boskovic, Z. Pavlovski, B. Milosevic, Z. Skrbic, S. Radonjac, and V. Petricevic. "The effect of protease on productive and slaughter traits in broiler chickens." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 28, no. 4 (2012): 817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1204817d.
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Carcass conformation is a very important parameter in assessing the overall appearance and meatiness of broilers. This study evaluates the effect of protease supplemented to reduced protein diets on production traits, dressed carcass weight and conformation measures in fast-growing Cobb 500 and slow-growing Master Gris broilers over a fattening period of 49 days. At slaughter, the following measurements were taken: pre-slaughter body weight (BW), conventionally dressed carcass weight and abdominal fat weight. Following carcass dissection into primal cuts, absolute conformation values, including metatarsus length (ML), keel length (KL), breast depth (BD), breast angle (BA) and thigh girth (TG), were determined. For carcass conformation evaluation purposes, index values of carcass conformation measures BW/ML, BW/KL, BW/BD and BW/TG were identified. Genotype and sex had a significant effect on dressed carcass weight and all conformation measures, whereas the effect of different protein levels in protease-supplemented diets was significant only in Master Gris, for metatarsus length and the following indices: BW/ML, BW/KL and BW/TG.
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Doskovic, Vladimir, Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic, Zdenka Skrbic, Radojica Djokovic, Simeon Rakonjac, and Veselin Petricevic. "Effect of dietary protein level and length of fattening period on dressing percentage and carcass conformation in broiler chickens." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 33, no. 2 (2017): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1702211d.
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This study analyses the effect of different protein levels in broiler feeds (supplemented with protease) and different lengths of fattening period on some parameters related to dressed carcass quality. Medium-growing Master Gris broiler chickens were used in a fattening trial lasting 63 days. At slaughter, dressing percentages and abdominal fat percentages were determined based on traditionally dressed carcass weights and abdominal fat weights of broilers at 49 and 63 days, and conformation indices were calculated based on absolute conformation measurements. Results showed that dietary treatment had an effect only on one relative conformation measurement - body weight/shank length in chickens at 49 days, as control broilers had higher values of this index compared to chickens receiving feeds containing reduced levels of crude protein and protease supplementation (0.2% or 0.3%). Length of fattening period affected almost all studied parameters, except breast angle, dressing percentage of traditionally dressed carcass and abdominal fat percentage.
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Ayorinde, K. L. "EVALUATION OF THE GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix conturnix japonica) IN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 21 (January 3, 2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v21i1.1263.
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Two experiments were designed to study the growth and carcass characteristics and the effects of system of management on the Japanese quail. In the first experiment, 138 birds raised to 8 weeks of were used to study the growth and carcass characteristics of quails. Day old weight averaged 8.67 -0.75y while body weights at 4 and 8 weeks of age were 130.38-21.81g and 175.08€ 21.23g respectively. Feed conversion rate to 8 weeks was 6.42 with each bird consuming 1067.68g feed. No significant sex differences (P>0.05) were observed in the average yield of parts although the males had slightly higher dressed and eviscerated weights and percent wing, back and neck than females. Dressed weight was 93.55% on the average while eviscerated weight was 68.61%. The carcass contained 74.20% moisture, 69.63%CP and 26.5% fat. In the second experiment, 120 birds were used to test the effect of management system (floor vs. cage) on growth and carcass characteristic of the quail. Although floor rearing had a slight advantage over cage rearing in terms of weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield, the differences were not significant (P>0.05).
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AYORINDE, K. L. "EVALUATION OF THE GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix conturnix japonica) IN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 15 (January 5, 2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v15i.1158.
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Two experiments were designed to study the growth and carcass characteristics and the effects of system of management on the Japanese quail. In the first experiment, 138 birds raised to 8 weeks of are were used to study the growth and carcass characteristics of quails. Day old weight averaged 8.67±0.75y while body weights at 4 and 8 weeks of age were 130.38±21.81g and 175.08±21.23g respectively. Feed conversion rate to 8 weeks was 6.42 with each bird consuming 1067.68g feed. No significant sex differences (P>0.05) were observed in the average yield of parts although the males had slightly higher dressed and eviscerated weights and percent wing, back and neck than females. Dressed weight was 93.55% on the average while eviscerated weight was 68.61%. the carcass contained 74.20% moisture, 69.63%CP and 26.5% fat. In the second experiment, 120 birds were used to test the effect of management system (floor vs. cage) on growth and carcass characteristic of the quail. Although floor rearing had a slight advantage over cage rearing in terms of weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield, the differences were not significant (P>0.05).
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Swenson, Jon E., Finn Sandegren, Arne Söderberg, and Robert Franzén. "Estimating the total weight of Scandinavian brown bearsUrsus arctosfrom field-dressed and slaughter weights." Wildlife Biology 1, no. 1 (January 1995): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1995.023.
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Olajide, R., and O. O. Oyewumi. "Serum metabolites of broilers fed graded levels of beniseed (Sesamum indicum L.) waste meal in place of maize (Zea mays linn)." Agro-Science 19, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v19i3.8.
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A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary replacement of maize with beniseed waste meal (BSW) on the carcass characteristics, organs weights, hematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler chicken. A total of 180 days old Marshal broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six treatments, each having three replicates of ten birds per replicate. Six experimental diets were formulated as follows; D1 (100% Maize: 0% BSW), D2 (80% Maize: 20% BSW), D3 (60% Maize: 40% BSW), D4 (40% Maize: 60% BSW), D5 (20% Maize: 80% BSW) and D6 (0% Maize: 100% BSW) for both broiler starters and finishers. The live weight, eviscerated weight, dressed weight, neck, thigh, wings and lower back weights were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. The highest percentage dressed weight (63.52) obtained in D3 (40% BSW) was significantly (P < 0.05) different from 60.87 (0% BSW), 61.68 (20% BSW) 60.00 (60% BSW), 55.18 (80% BSW) and 56.52 (100% BSW). The organs (lungs, liver, kidney, intestine, gizzard and proventriculus) monitored were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. Heart, pancreas and spleen were similar among the treatments. The serum biochemistry and haematological parameters measured were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that maize could be safely replaced with beniseed waste meal up to 100% level (55% BSW) in broilers diets.
Key words: beniseed waste meal, maize, broilers, barcass, health status
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Islam, MA, MJ Khan, MR Debi, and MM Rahman. "Meat yield characteristics of three genotypes of ducks in coastal region of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 41, no. 2 (March 10, 2013): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14121.
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A study was conducted to determine the meat yield characteristics of Khaki Campbell, Jinding and Deshi duck in two coastal locations of Barisal and Bhola districts of Bangladesh. Sixty day-old ducklings of three genotypes of duck were randomly allocated to 3 treatments having 4 replications in each genotype. Ducklings are reared up to 150 days and at the end of experiment, one male duck of highest live weight was selected from each replication in the morning before feeding and dissected to determine the meat yield characteristics. Significant (p<0.01) differences were found between different genotypes in carcass weight and dressed weight of ducks. Significant (p<0.01) differences were also observed for weight of breast, thigh, leg, shank and drumstick weight as well as dressing percentage. Dressed weight and dressing percentage in Khaki Campbell was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of the Jinding and Deshi genotypes. Considering the parameters studied both Khaki Campbell and Jinding ducks may be suggested to rear in the coastal region of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14121Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 79-82
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Sládek, Libor. "The Impact of the pH1 Value and the Length of Carcass on the Quality of Slaughtered Pigs of the Hybrid Combination (CLW × CL) × D." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, no. 2 (2020): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068020343.
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The goal of this thesis was to establish the impact of the pH1 value and the length of carcass on the quality of slaughtered pigs of the hybrid combination (CLW × CL) × D. The slaughtered pigs were divided into four groups depending on the measured pH1. The first group of pigs (n = 18) had pH1 value of less than 6.00, the second group included pigs (n = 53) with its value ranging from 6.00 to 6.20, the third group (n = 76) with pH1 values ranging from 6.21 to 6.40 and the fourth group included the most pigs (n = 103), with an established pH1 value higher than 6.40. The pigs were divided into the three following groups on the basis of carcass length: < 800 mm, 800–900 mm, > 900 mm. An average pH1 value of 6.36 was measured in the monitored group of slaughtered pigs in the present study. PSE defects were established in the meat of 4 dressed carcasses, which was 1.6% of all of the assessed slaughtered pigs. The average length of the dressed carcass in the pigs was determined on the level of 842 ± 4.05 mm. The average slaughter weight of the pigs fell along with increasing measured pH1 value. The highest average price per 1 kg of dressed carcass (44.50 ± 2.29 CZK) was established in pigs, which had a measured pH1 value ranging from 6.21 to 6.40. On the contrary, the lowest average price per 1 kg of dressed carcass (42.49 ± 4.30 CZK) was determined for pigs with the pH1 value of < 6.00. The average slaughter weight of the pigs increased along with the increasing values of the length of the dressed carcass.
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Censi, Laura, Angela Spinelli, Romana Roccaldo, Noemi Bevilacqua, Anna Lamberti, Veronica Angelini, Paola Nardone, and Giovanni Baglio. "Dressed or undressed? How to measure children's body weight in overweight surveillance?" Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 12 (November 15, 2013): 2715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013003030.
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AbstractObjectiveTo simplify body weight measurement and, particularly, to encourage children and their parents to participate in the Italian nutritional surveillance system OKkio alla SALUTE, children were measured with clothes and then the weight was corrected for the estimated weight of the clothes. In the present study we compared the children's weight measured in underwear, as recommended by the WHO (WWHO), with that obtained using the OKkio alla SALUTE protocol (WOK) and investigated how the latter affects the calculation of BMI and the assessment of overweight and obesity prevalence.DesignWeight (twice in close sequence, with and without clothing) and height were measured. A checklist was used to describe the type of clothing worn. The estimated weight of clothing was subtracted from the WOK. BMI was calculated considering both values of weight and height; ponderal status was defined using both the International Obesity Task Force and WHO BMI cut-offs.SettingThirty-seven third grade classes of thirteen primary schools in Rome and in two towns in the Lazio Region were recruited.SubjectsThe anthropometric measurements were taken on 524 children aged 8–9 years.ResultsThe error in the calculation of BMI from WOK was very low, 0·005 kg/m2 (95 % CI −0·185, 0·195 kg/m2); the agreement between the percentages of overweight (not including obesity) and obese children calculated with the two methods was very close to 1 (κ = 0·98).ConclusionsThe error in BMI and in nutritional classification can be considered minor in a surveillance system for monitoring overweight/obesity, but eases the procedure for measuring children.
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Tion, M. A., and A. A. Wuanor. "The Effects of Pelleted and Unpelleted All Mash Broiler Diets on Performance, Carcass Quality and Internal Organ Developments of Broiler Chickens." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 36, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v36i2.1380.
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The performance, carcass traits and internal organ development of broiler chickens as influenced by dietary form (pellet or mash) were assessed using 180 straight run Ana 2000, (14 to 63 days of age). Soyabean meal (SBM) mash diet was used as a reference diet. Full fat soybean (FFSB) was the other mash diet. The pelleted diet was a commercial source. Results showed lack of significant (P>0.05) influence of diet form on performance traits in the starter phase SBM mash diet produced the least feed cost per kg gain. In the finisher phase, feed intake and weight gain were not influenced significantly (P>0.05) by diet form but feed to gain ratio was improved significantly (P<0.05) for the SBM mash diet. Feed cost per kg gain was least on the pelleted diet. The cumulative effect of diets showed lack of significant (P>0.05) effect on feed intake. Weight gain was least (P< 0.05) for broilers fed FFSB diet. Broilers fed pelleted and SBM gained similar weights. Feed cost per kg gain was least on SBM mash diet. Relative values for New York dressed, dressed weights, and breast of birds fed FFSB mash were significantly (P<0.01) lower than SBM mash and pelleted diets. Sex had no influence on relative values except abdominal fat where females had significantly (P<0.05) more fat than males.
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Podolian, Yu M. "ВПЛИВ ПРОБІОТИКА НА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ КУРЧАТ-БРОЙЛЕРІВ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, no. 3 (November 4, 2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201680.
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<p><strong>The research objective. </strong>To research the effective action of probiotic (feed additive) ‘Probiol’ on the live weight, the growth, and slaughter traits of cross Ross-308 broiler chickens. <strong>Results.</strong> The live weight of broiler chickens fed with probiotic (feed additive) ‘Probiol’ was 2658.2 g (by 14.4% larger than control). Moreover, the survival rate of broiler chickens in experimental group increased by 4%. It was observed that average daily growth of broiler chickens from experimental group was higher by 14.7% and absolute growth was higher by 14.6% than in control group. It was observed that the feed consumption was 1.82 kg per 1 kg of chicken growth in control group and 1.68 in the experimental group (smaller by 9.6%). It was proved that usage of probiotic ‘Probiol’ caused the increasing of ante live weight by 15.5%, the undressed carcass by 15.6%, half-dressed carcass by 16.8%, and dressed carcass by 7.9 % compared to control group. The using of probiotic also increased the weight of pectoral muscles by 17.7% and femoral muscles by 13.0% of the chickens in experimental group; this was also facilitated the increasing of the weight of chicken glandular stomach by 35.0%. </p>
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Upreti, C. R., B. S. Kuwar, and S. B. Panday. "Possible Use of Crop Residues Supplemented with Urea and Molasses in Goat Diets." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 7 (August 30, 2007): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v7i0.573.
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In this experiment, 20 castrated male Khari and halfbred (Khari x Jamunapari) goats of 6 to 8 months of age were divided into 4 dietary groups comprising of five goats in each. The experiment was conducted for 150 days during the winter season. Animals of first diet group (D1) were fed with fodder leaves (Khanyu) + concentrate @ 1% body weight, second diet group (D2) consisted of fodder leaves ( Khanyu) + chaffed rice straw and 2% molasses top dressed rice straw @ 20% of dry matter (DM) requirement + concentrate @ 1% of body weight, third diet group (D3) had fodder ( Khanyu) + chaffed rice straw and 2% urea-molasses top dressed rice straw @ 20% of DM requirement + concentrate @ 1% body weight, and diet group 4 (D4) consisted of fodder (Khanyu) + chaffed rice straw, 4% urea treated, ensiled and 2% molasses top dressed rice straw @ 20% of DM requirement + concentrate @ 1% body weight were fed to the animals. A digestibility trial for 7 days was carried out at the end of the experiment. Daily feed intake, and urine and faeces excreted by the animals were recorded. Body weight change was recorded at 15 days interval. The average daily weight gain was not significantly different (P>0.05) between diet groups. However, animals under D2 obtained highest growth rate (44.9 g/d) followed by D3 (44.0 g/d), and D1 (34.8) and the lowest average daily gain (ADG) was obtained in D4 (28.9 g/d). Significantly higher (P<0.05) coefficient of digestibility for DM, CP, ADF, hemicelluloses, and cellulose was found in D3. Nitrogen, Ca, and P balance were high and positive in all diets groups. From this evidence, it can be suggested that rice straw could be used for goat feeding without affecting the growth rate provided it was pre-treated either with 2% molasses or 2% urea-molasses solution. <i>Nepal Journal of Science and Technology</i> Vol. 7, 2006
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Oguntona, T. "PERFORMANCE AND VISCERAL ORGAN WEIGHTS OF GUINEA FOWL (Numida meleagris) GIVEN DIFFERENT ANTIBIOTICS AS GROWTH PROMOTANTS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 16 (January 5, 2021): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v16i.1925.
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The effect of feeding recommended levels of three antibiotics on the visceral organs of growing guinea fowls has been examined. Day old broiler type guinea fowls were given Oxytetracycline, Rocaryone, and zinc bacitracin supplemented diet till 12 weeks of age. Dressed weight of medicated guineas were significantly higher than controls. No treatment effects were observed on the lungs, gizzards and reproductive organs. Fat pads were significantly (P.05) heavier in treated birds as compared with controls. Heart and liver weights were also significantly higher (P.05) in treated guinea fowls.
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Hu, Hong, Sifa Dai, Aiyou Wen, and Xi Bai. "Efficient Expression of Xylanase by Codon Optimization and Its Effects on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler." Animals 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9020065.
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The aim of the present study was to improve the expression level of Trichoderma reesei xylanase (XynB) in Pichia pastoris through a codon optimization strategy and evaluate its effects on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler. According to the codon bias of Pichia genome, the XynB gene from T. reesei was optimized and synthesized by whole gene assembly to improve its expression level in P. pastoris. Approximately 180 target mutations were successfully introduced into natural XynB. The maximum activity of xylanase (optiXynB) secreted by P. pastoris pPICZaA-optiXynB was 1299 U/mL after 96 h induction. Purified recombinant optiXynB had the molecular weight of 24 kDa. The optiXynB presented highest activity in pH 5.0 and 50 °C. The recombinase was highly specific towards birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and oat-spelt xylan. In the broiler experiment, a total of 200 Arbor Acre broilers (one day old) were randomly allocated into four groups fed with basal diets containing 0 (control group), 500, 1000, and 1500 IU/kg optiXynB. Dietary 1000 and 1500 IU/kg optiXynB significantly increased (p < 0.05) final weight and body weight gain; dietary 500, 1000, and 1500 IU/kg optiXynB significantly increased (p < 0.05) pre-evisceration weight, dressed percentage, and eviscerated weight compared with the control group. Inclusion of optiXynB in broiler diets linearly increased final weight, body weight gain, breast muscle weight and leg muscle weight, but linearly decreased feed conversion rate (p < 0.05). Furthermore, inclusion of optiXynB in broiler diets linearly and quadratically increased pre-evisceration weight, dressed percentage, and eviscerated weight (p < 0.05). The recombinant optiXynB from P. pastoris pPICZaA-optiXynB was beneficial in improving growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers.
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Augustine, C. "Economic evaluation, carcass characteristics and organ weights of broiler chickens fed graded levels of raw tropical sickle pod seed meal based-diets." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.520.
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A study was conducted to investigate the effect of raw Senna obtusifolia seed meal (RSOSM) on carcass characteristics, organ weights and economic performance of broilerchickens in a 9 weeks trial. One hundred and eighty (180) broiler chicks weremanaged on deep litter pens. Six (6) experimental diets were formulated to contain RSOSM at concentrations of 0,5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%, and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. The broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the 6 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with pen location serving as the blocking factor. Data were collected on final live weight, plucked and dressed weight, cut-up parts and economic performance of broiler chickens fed RSOSM based-diets. The data collected were analysed using a computer statistical package (Statistix, 9.0). Carcass parameters such as dressed weight and dressing percentage were observed to be depressed as the level of RSOSM increases in the diets. Dressing percentage decreased from 78.69 to 52.38% in T1 to T6, respectively. The weight of cut-upparts followed similar trend as above. Thigh and drum stick significantly (P<0.05) decreased from 10.16 to 7.88 g and 9.01 to 6.11g in T1 to T6, respectively. The result of organ weights indicated significant (P<0.05) reduction in weights as the level of RSOSM increases in the experimental diets exceptfortheliverwhich indicated significant (P<0.05)increasein weightas the levels of RSOSM increases in the diets. On economic ground, inclusion of RSOSM beyond 5% in the diets of broiler chickens is not cost effective. This is because feed cost per kilogram weight gain was observed to increase as the level of RSOSM increases in the diets. Feed cost per kilogram body weight gain was observed to increase from N223.84 to N290.18 in T1 to T6, respectively. In conclusion, incorporation of RSOSM beyond 5% in the diets of broiler chickens showed depressive effects on carcass yield and organs weight. Furthermore, inclusion of RSOSM beyond 5% in the diets of broiler chickens is not cost effective. It is recommended that the seeds of RSOSM be thoroughly processed before incorporation in the diets of broiler chickens. There is also urgent need to conduct more studies on the best processing method(s) that will effectively detoxify RSOSM and improve its utilization.
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Malesevic, Miroslav, Djordje Glamoclija, Novo Przulj, Vera Popovic, Sasa Stankovic, Tomislav Zivanovic, and Angelina Tapanarova. "Production characteristics of different malting barley genotypes in intensive nitrogen fertilization." Genetika 42, no. 2 (2010): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1002323m.
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Two-year trials have been conducted in Technological Research Center in Zajecar. Research objects were six malting barley genotypes. The experimental crop was top dressed with the following amounts of nitrogen: 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1. The control variant was not top dressed. The obtained results showed that the genotypes reacted significantly to the increased amounts of nitrogen by changing their production characteristics and seed quality. In addition, the genotypes demonstrated certain varietal differences. A new genotype, Premijum, was highest yielding and it had the lowest total proteins in the grain. The genotype NS-525 had the highest 1000-grain weight (46.8 g). The effect of nitrogen on the studied characteristics depended on N quantity applied. Increasing amounts of nitrogen decrease positive effects on spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield. However, the protein content in grain kept increasing to the highest nitrogen dose, which lowered the quality of malting barley. The highest yield was obtained by applying 80 and 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, depending on the year of study.
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Berdos, Janine I., Angel Ann A. Aquino, Lloyd B. Garcia, and Allan Rey S. Angeles. "Fish entrails meal as feed for broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus): Its potential as dietary supplements on the carcass quality and meat organoleptic evaluation." Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2020.196.
Full textAbstract:
The main objectives of the study were to examine the nutritional value, carcass quality and meat organoleptic evaluation of broilers supplemented with fish entrails meal. Proximate analysis of fish entrails meal was analysed. Its effects on carcass weight, dressed weight and cuts-up weight were evaluated when used as supplement in the ration of broilers. For the organoleptic evaluation, hedonic scale scorecard was used. A total of 60 respondents evaluated the poultry meat fed with fish entrails meal and each sample were randomly assigned in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) following the four treatments. The treatments were: without fish entrails meal, with 3, 5 and 7% fish entrails meal. Fish entrails meal contained 33.0±0.9% crude protein and 38.4±0.9% crude fat. Carcass quality evaluation revealed that supplementing fish entrails meal significantly influenced the dressed yield (p<0.05), carcass yield (p=0.01), leg weight (p<0.01), and breast weight (p<0.05). Furthermore, hedonic scale scorecard revealed that the colour of carcass were paled but statistically (p<0.05), 7% inclusion rate of fish entrails meal influenced the carcass colour. In terms of economics, broilers fed with 5% fish entrails meal had the highest income over feed cost (43.36 PhP) since it attained highest marketable weight (1,511.11 g/bird). Generally, fish entrails meal contained high crude protein, high crude fat and moderately low in crude fiber. Fish entrails meal as part of the ration supported satisfactorily the carcass quality and organoleptic quality of cobb broilers. Moreover, feeding fish entrails meal up to 5% increased income over feed cost
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Makwana, R. B., S. R. Bhagwat, S. S. Parikh, B. D. Savaliya, and C. N. Jadav. "Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Garlic (Allium sativum) powder on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, no. 01 (July 7, 2019): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.1.16.
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The present study was carried out for six weeks to investigate the effects of adding graded levels (0, 0.1 and 0.5%) of garlic (Allium sativum) powder to the basal experimental diet on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. One hundred and eighty (n = 180) day old unsexed white commercial broiler chicks (Cobb-400) were randomly distributed into three dietary treatments of 60 birds/treatment and each treatment contained 4 replicates (15 birds/replicate). The dietary treatments were controlled basal diet (T1), and a diet supplemented with garlic powder at 0.1% (T2) and 0.5% (T3). Daily feed intake, weekly body weight, and residue leftover were recorded to calculate the feed conversion ratio (FCR). At the end of the experiment, six birds from each group were sacrificed to determine the carcass characteristics. Results revealed that dietary supplementation of 0.1% garlic powder (T2) significantly (p less than 0.01) improved body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and FCR as compared to birds supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder (T3) and control diet (T1). Dietary supplementation of 0.1% garlic (T2) resulted in significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in dressed yield as comparedto T3 and T1. On the other hand, comparable (p greator than 0.05) effect was observed on shrinkage loss, blood loss, feather loss, eviscerated yieldand relative weight of giblet. Thus, dietary supplementation of 0.1% garlic powder had beneficial effects on growth performance and dressed yield of broiler chicks.
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Ewa, U. E. "Performance, carcass characteristics and feed cost Benefits of broilers fed processed Mucuna sloanei seed meal." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i1.345.
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The performance of broiler chickens fed boiled, boiled with potash (akanwu) (BWA) or boiled and mix with enzyme (BME) mucuna seed meal( MSM) were investigated. 120 a week old broiler chicken were randomly assigned to 4 treatment diets in a completely randomized experiment that lasted for 49 days. The diets were made of control (soya bean based), D2 (5% boiled MS), D3 (5% BWA MSM) and D4 (5% BME). The proximate composition of mucuna was determined. Other parameters measured were: feed intake, weight gain, and carcass characteristics of broilers. The crude protein content ranged from 22.10-22.16%, while the energy level ranged from 2996.10-3003.60kcal/kg. For growth performance, significance differences (P<0.05)exist for final body weight, ,total weight gain, daily weight gain and feed to gain ratio except for initial body weight, total feed intake, daily feed intake and mortality. BME gave the best growth performance in terms of significant (P<0.05) higher final body weight (2566.50g), total weight gain (2489.20g), and better feed to gain ratio (2.25) than the control which had: 2198.30g, 2095.10g and 2.56 for FBW, TWG and FGR respectively. For the carcass characteristics, chickens fed diet 4(BME) was not significantly (P>0.05) different from the control for dressed weight and dressed weight percentage. Control diet had the highest breast cut (31.87%) and diet 4 had the lowest (28.57%) while D4 had the highest thigh cut (18.34%) but the control had the lowest (16.41%). For cost per kg weight gain and gross margin, D4 gave 235.03 and 708.64 respectively, which compared (P>0.05) with the control ( 231.71, 746.68). The revenue and gross margin valuesobserved were direct indices of the biological effects observed in the growth performance (Table 4). From the above, Diet 4 which is boiled mucuna seed meal mixed with enzyme is therefore chosen as the best in terms of cost/Kg weight gain, revenue and gross margin in that it compared favorably with the control diet (D1).
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Noman, ZA, MM Hasan, S. Talukder, YA Sarker, TK Paul, and MH Sikder. "Effects of garlic extract on growth, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters in broilers." Bangladesh Veterinarian 32, no. 1 (August 10, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v32i1.29250.
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Garlic (Allium sativum) is a popular spice in Bangladesh. Its beneficial effect as growth promoter in poultry has not been studied. Broilers were grouped into four: T1 (1% garlic), T2 (2% garlic), Pc (ciprofloxacin positive control) and Nc (negative control). Aqueous extract of garlic (1% and 2%) was administered with drinking water. T1 group (1%) showed better performance with regard to body weight gain than T2 (2%), positive and negative control. In T1 group, significant difference was observed in terms of live body weight gain and dressed weight but no significant differences in feed conversion ratio, offals weight and in blood parameters. It is suggested that 1% aqueous extraction of garlic improves growth and carcass qualities in Broilers.Bangl. vet. 2015. Vol. 32, No. 1, 1-6
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Human, Brett A., and Haithem Al-Busaidi. "Length and Weight Relationships for 31 Species of Fishes Caught by Trawl Off the Arabian Sea Coast of Oman." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 13 (January 1, 2008): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol13iss0pp43-52.
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Length and weight measurement for 31f ish species encountered in the Arabian Sea , o f f t h e Oma n Coast, were collected by demersal trawling during March 2007 and March 2008. A total of 3,261 specimens were measured for total length, or fork length, where appropriate, and green weight. Several commonly caught commercial species undergo onboard processing (dressing) prior to packaging, and dressed weight to green weight regressions and conversion factors were calculated for 12 of these species. The relationships obtained in this study were compared with those of other studies for the same fish species. These data are fundamental to understanding the biological parameters of fishes, and can be applied to fisheries stock assessment and management models.
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Oko, O. O. K., P. O. Ozung, M. I. Anya, E. A. Agiang, and E. I. Evans. "Carcass yield and gastro - intestinal tract morphometry of rabbits exposed to dietary cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk meal." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 5 (December 26, 2020): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i5.306.
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In this study, the effect of different forms of dietary cocoa pod husk meal (CPHM) on the carcass yield and gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) morphometry of growing rabbits was investigated. A total of 60 rabbits with mean body weight of 606.42±1.3g were utilized across 12 experimental iso – caloric (2,592.04 Kcal/kg ME) and iso - nitrogenous (16.52% CP) diets containing sundried (T, T, T, T); fermented (T, T, T, T) and hot – water treated (T, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T , T , T ) cocoa pod husk meal (CPHM) included at 0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 percent levels, 10 11 12 respectively. The rabbits were subjected to 12 weeks feeding trial in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. The rabbits were slaughtered at the end of the feeding trial and the carcass yield and GIT morphometry were determined. The results showed that the average live weight was between 1616.67 ± 44.10 and 2483.33 ± 16.67 g/rabbit, while the dressed weight was between 966.67 ± 18.12 and 1500 ±28.87 g/rabbit with significant (P < 0.05) differences between treatments. The least values were recorded in rabbits fed the 37.5% level of CPHM inclusion. All primal cuts revealed no significant differences between dietary treatments. The GIT morphometry (relative weight and length of segments) recorded no significant effect that could be ascribed to diets. The study concluded that including sundried, fermented or hot – water treated CPHM up to 37.5% level will reduce the live weight, dressed weight and dressing percent of rabbits while GIT morphometry may be relatively unaffected. Hence, a lower level up to 25% fermented CPHM and levels <25% are recommended for sundried CPHM and hot- water treated CPHM are recommended for growing rabbits.
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Sobayo, R. A., O. A. Adeyemi, A. O. Oso, A. O. Fafiolu, J. O. Daramola, G. Sodipe, I. B. Ogunade, and O. M. Odetola. "Haematological, serum and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken fed `graded levels of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) used as phytobiotic." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 40, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v40i1.623.
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The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Garcinia Kola (Bitter Kola) used as phytobiotic or herbal natural additives on biochemical and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Five diets with different levels of inclusion of the kola were fed to a total of 150 Marshal day- old broilers. There were three replicates of ten birds per replicate. The five diets were made of control diet; diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 had 500ppm, 1000ppm, 1500ppm and 2000ppm of G. Kola respectively. The feeding trial lasted for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using completely randomized design. The results of haematological parameters examined show that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in all the haematological indices measured, the values however, did not follow any particular pattern. Highest haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cells (RBC) values were recorded for birds on 1500ppm compared to other birds with values ranging between 8.40-10.00, 25.00-29.50 and 2.47- 2.77 for Hb, PCV and RBC respectively. The least haemoglobin and PCV values were recorded in diet containing 2000ppm. Dietary supplementation of G. kola revealed significant (P<0.05) effects in the values of albumin and serum aspartate aminotransferase (SAST) with fluctuating values. The albumin level increased from 0ppm to 1500ppm G. kola inclusion levels and later dropped at 2000ppm inclusion level. Birds fed bitter kola had higher values SAST than the control group. Results of carcass analysis study revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in the values obtained for live weight, dressed weight and dressing percentage. Birds fed with 0ppm of Garcinia kola had the highest live weight (2066.70g) while those on 1500ppm had the lowest. The same trend was observed in the mean values obtained for dressed weight. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) for all the organ weights observed except kidney which was found to show improvement with increased bitter kola level. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of broiler chicken with bitter kola produced haematological and carcass results that did not follow any definite pattern.
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Thacker, P. A. "Effect of high levels of copper or dichlorvos during late gestation and lactation on sow productivity." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-025.
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One hundred and eighty-five crossbred (Yorkshire × Landrace) sows of mixed parity were randomly assigned to be fed either a basal diet or the same ration top dressed with either 500 ppm dichlorvos, 250 ppm copper or a combination of these additives. Top dressing was conducted from the time the sows entered the farrowing crate on day 106 of gestation until they were weaned 28 d postpartum. There was no effect of treatment on the number of pigs born alive, born dead or their birthweight. However, preweaning mortality, based as a percentage of pigs found alive, was 20.3% for control sows, 13.8% for sows fed the ration top dressed with copper, 12.3% for sows fed the ration top dressed with dichlorvos and 10.6% for sows fed the ration top dressed with the combination of feed additives (P = 0.02). There was no significant effect of treatment on the percentage of fat, protein, lactose or total solids in sows milk. There was also no effect of treatment on lactation feed intake, sow weight loss through lactation, the interval between weaning and successful service, conception rate, serum copper levels or total cholesterol. HDL cholesterol levels, serum copper, zinc and iron levels were generally higher in piglets from treated sows than controls. It was concluded that feeding high levels of copper or dichlorvos, alone or in combination, during late gestation and lactation may be useful as a means of reducing preweaning mortality in baby pigs. However, the increased survival rate of baby pigs is unlikely due to alterations in the composition of sow's milk or milk yield. Key words: Sow, reproduction, copper, dichlorvos, milk
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Nweke-Okorocha, G. O., and C. A. Chineke. "Effect of sex, polydactylism and rearing system on carcass parameters of Fulani- ecotype chickens in Southwestern Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 3 (December 17, 2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i3.115.
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This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sex, Polydactylism and rearing system on carcass parameters of Fulani-ecotype chickens. Thirty chickens (15 males and 15 females) were randomly selected at 16 weeks old for carcass evaluation from population of the intensively (deep litter and cage system of management) kept Fulani eco-type chicken and were used for determining carcass characteristics such as Live weight, dressed weight, eviscerated weight, breast weight, Proventriculus weight, gizzard weight, liver weight, lung weight, spleen weight, bile weight, pancreas weight, heart weight, wing weight, shank weight, drumstick weight, thigh weight, head weight, neck weight, back weight. Data generated from the carcass parameters were subjected to least squares means using SAS 9.2 version 2008. Result showed that sex and polydactyly were significantly different (p<0.05) on all the carcass parameters measured except the organs. Birds kept in deep litter system had higher least squares means values than ones in cage system of management. This study revealed the effect of sex, polydactylism and rearing system on various carcass characteristics of Fulani ecotype chickens.
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Chima, NWORGU Friday. "Effect of Basil Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) Supplement on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Pullets." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 3 (May 22, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n3p24.
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<p>The performance and carcass characteristics of Growing Pullets (GP) fed basil leaf (<em>Ocimum gratissimum)</em> (OG) supplement was studied for 8 weeks using eighty-four 13 weeks old Nera Black GP. The birds were maintained on growers diet supplemented with 4 levels of basil leaves supplement(BLS) (0, 5, 10 and 15g/bird) for treatments A, B, C and D, respectively at 3 days interval throughout the period of experiment. Each treatment was replicated thrice with seven birds per replicate in a completely randomized block design. Treatment A served as control. The birds were fed the same growers diet. Feed and water were served <em>ad-libitum</em>. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and comparisons made using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results of the experiment showed a significant (p<0.05) treatment effects in total feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FRC) and number of eggs laid, final live weight (FLW) and mean body weight gain (MBWG). Similar scenario was observed in dressed, breast, thigh, plucked weights and egg follicle formation. Birds in control had the highest total feed intake (TFI) (6671.55 g) and MBWG (523.84 g) compared to other treatments (B, C and D) whose values were 6644.27, 6640.29 and 6152.67 g for TFI and 483.34, 500.00 and 445.24 g for MBWG, respectively. The cost of feed consumed was best on birds fed 15gBLS (N353.04/bird) while the highest number of eggs laid was recorded in birds served 5 g(83) and 15gBLS (77) with reference to control (57). Birds served 5-15g BLS had increased liver weight (26.01, 25.01 and 27.42 g) compared to control (24.38 g), while those fed 15gBLS had reduced dressed weight (DW) (952.50 g). The best egg follicle formation was recorded on those served 5g BLS/bird. There was progressive reduction in MBWG, TFI and egg follicle with increasing weight of OG, unlike FRC and liver weight, which increased linearly. Therefore, the GP are recommended to be served 5-15gBLS/bird and later reduced to 5gBLS/bird at 3 days interval when the GP had come up to 15-20% in lay, in order to minimize further loss in weight and to improve egg follicle formation.</p>
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Reimers, Eigil. "Calving time and foetus growth among wild reindeer in Norway." Rangifer 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.22.1.689.
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Mean calving dates among 7 wild reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus) herds in southern Norway varied between the 6th and the 27th of May. Ln transformed foetus weights relate linearly to ln age in days. Regression analyzes based upon 225 days pregnancy predicts birth wet weights between 4600 and 7500 g in the different areas and years. At 130 days, foetus weights varied between 547 and 746 g (mean=681, standard deviation s=63) in all areas and years, indicating that foetus growth up to this size is independent of mothers body weight or condition. During the remaining 95 days of pregnancy, very poor body condition, reflected in dressed weights, resulted in slower foetus growth and smaller regression estimated birth weights. The foetus weight variation recorded at similar dates within areas and sampling years indicates a dispersed breeding time mostly within two ovulations. A small sample of foetuses from pregnant yearlings and calves indicate that these cohorts conceive later than 2 yr + females. Assuming similar foetus growth pattern among all female age cohorts within areas, yearlings conceive around 1 week later and calves (in Ottadalen) more than 3 weeks later than 2 + yr olds.
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Augustine, C., G. A. Domo, Y. U. Ngiki, L. U. Obidah, B. S. Abdulrahman, and A. Midau. "Response of albino rats fed graded levels of raw sickle pod ( Senna obtusifolia) seed meal." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i5.1356.
Full textAbstract:
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding raw Senna obtusifolia seed meal (RSOSM) on the productive performance, carcass characteristics and organ weights of albino rats. Five experimental diets were compounded to contain RSOSM at graded levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%designated asT1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Sixty albino rats with an average body weight of 70.52 to 81.05 g were allotted to the five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replicates of four rats each. The chemical composition and the anti-nutritional factors were determined. Parameters measured were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, live weight, dressed weight, dressing percentage and organ weights (heart, liver, kidney and lungs).Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance. The productive performance, carcass characteristics and organ weights were observed to be significantly (P<0.05) depressed as the level of RSOSM increased in the experimental diets. Albino rats fed 15 and 20% RSOSM significantly (P<0.05) recorded the lowest feed intake, weight gain and dressing percentage of 241.60 g, 60.10 g and 78.84%, 74.46 and 212.82 g, 51.78 g and 75.38%, respectively. The weight of organs revealed a declining trend as the level of RSOSM increased except for the liver and intestinewhich indicated progressive increase in sizes as the level of RSOSMincreased in the diets. Albino rats fed 15 and 20% RSOSMrecorded the highest liver weight of 4.21 and 4.29 g. It can be concluded that inclusion of RSOSM beyond 5% in the diets of albino rats had adverse effects on their productive performance, carcass characteristics and organ weights.
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Fain, Glenn B., and Patricia R. Knight. "(37) Irrigation and Fertilizer Placement Affects Plant and Weed Growth In Container Tree Production." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1026B—1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1026b.
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On 24 Apr. 2003, 3-gallon (11.4-liter) Quercus shumardii were potted into 13.2-gallon (50-liter) containers using a standard nursery mix. Treatment design was a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial with two fertilizer placements, three irrigation methods, and two herbicide rates. Controlled-release fertilizer 17N–2.9P–9.8K was dibbled (placed 10.2 cm below the surface of the container media at potting) or top-dressed at a rate of 280 grams per container. Irrigation was applied using one of three methods: 1) a spray stake attached to a 3-gallon- (11.4-L-) per-hour pressure compensating drip emitter; 2) a surface-applied pressure-compensating drip ring delivering water at a rate of 2.3 gallons (8.9-L) per hour; and 3) the same drip ring placed 4 inches (10.2 cm) below the container substrate surface. A granular preemergent herbicide (oxyfluorfen + oryzalin) was applied at 2.0 + 1.0 lb/acre (2.24 + 1.12 kg·ha-1). At 75 days after treatment (DAT), containers with no herbicide and top-dressed fertilizer had a percent weed coverage of 46% compared to 18% for dibbled containers with no herbicide. At 180 DAT weed top dry weight was greater for top-dressed containers compared to dibbled. None of the treatments in the study had any effect on height increase. At 240 DAT, trees irrigated with drip rings at the surface had a 28% greater caliper increase among the dibbled fertilizer-treated containers. Trees irrigated with the drip ring placed below the surface and fertilizer top-dressed had the smallest caliper increase. Irrigation method had no effect on weed control in this study; however, a repeat fall application showed a significantly greater weed control with the drip ring below surface compared to the spray stake.
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Parcell, Joe, James Mintert, and Ron Plain. "An Empirical Investigation of Live-Hog Demand." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 36, no. 3 (December 2004): 773–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800027012.
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An inverse live-hog demand model was estimated to analyze whether there has been a recent increase in the magnitude of live-hog, own-quantity demand flexibility. Estimating the impact of processing capacity-utilization rate changes on live-hog prices was a second objective of this research. Results indicate that live hog prices have become more responsive to changes in hog slaughter, slaughter weight, cold storage stocks, and changes in the processing capacity-utilization rate. Finally, model results indicate that the sharp increase in processing capacity-utilization rates, the increase in average dressed weight, and the increase in hog slaughter all had a negative effect on the live-hog prices.
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Das, GB, ME Hossain, MM Islam, and MA Akbar. "Meat yield characteristics of broiler fed different levels of palm oil." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 43, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i2.20705.
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Seven hundred fifty day old unsexed broiler chicks were used in a 35-d trial to examine the effect of supplementing different levels of palm oil on lean meat yield of broilers. The chicks were randomly distributed following a completely randomized design in five treatment groups having three replications per treatment. Each treatment had 150 birds with 50 birds per replicate. Five diets were formulated using locally available ingredients as diet without oil, diet containing 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0% and 5% palm oil. Results indicated that weight gain of broilers differed significantly (p<0.05) among the treatment groups at 2nd wk. The weight gain of 4% palm oil group was higher (p<0.05) than 5% dietary oil group at 2nd wk. At 5th wk, weight gain of without oil and 5% oil groups were similar (p>0.05). Feed intake significantly (p<0.05) differed at 2nd wk. Broiler that received 5% dietary palm oil group consumed the least amount of feed compared to others. No significant differences were found among the treatments in whole experimental period for feed conversion ratio. The meat yield characteristics did not differ (p>0.05) among the broilers receiving different levels of palm oil in diets except gizzard, wing meat and dark meat. Supplementation of oil resulted in significantly (p<0.05) increased dark meat weight at 3% level. Dressed yield of broilers had an increasing trend at increased level of palm oil supplementation up to 4%. However, at 5% supplementation dressed yield was lowest. Similar results were also observed in breast meat. Thigh meat was progressively increased for supplementation of oil up to 3% level, at higher level it tended to decrease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i2.20705 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (2): 112-117
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Malik, A. A., A. Aremu, B. A. Ayanwale, A. T. Ijaiya, and B. A. Ibrahim. "Gut morphology, meat yield and sensory properties of laying hens fed water hyacinth {Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach} meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain® enzyme." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 43, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v43i1.2777.
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In an experiment to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of water Hyacinth Meal (WHM) supplemented with and without exogenous enzymes (Maxigrain®) on the gut morphology, meat yield and sensor properties of laying hens, a total of 216 laying hens aged 24 weeks and 4 weeks in lay were used. Six experimental diets were formulated based on the Completely Randomized Design model using a 2r3 factorial arrangement made up of no levels of enzyme (No enzyme, With enzyme) and three dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0.10 and 20%). At the end of the feeding trial, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, kept of feed for 12 hours, slaughtered, defeathered, eviscerated and dressed. The meat of the breast and thigh of each replicate sample were then selected for sensory evaluation. All parameters were expressed as percentage of live weight. Results showed that there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in live weight(LW), slaughter weight (SW), defeathered weight(DIN), eviscerated weight (EW) and dressed weight (DW) between birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation and between birds fed the varying dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0,10 and 20%). Also, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the weight of the head, neck, breast, back, thigh, drumsticks, wings and shanks between the birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation; and between the birds fed the varying dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0. 10 and 20% ). Of all the internal organs assessed, only the gizzard weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher for the non-enzyme-supplemented diets than for the enzyme-supplemented diets. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in appearance, flavour juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability between the meat of birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation, but the meat of birds fed 10 and 20% dietary inclusion levels of WHM had significantly (p<0.05) higher scores for tenderness and general acceptability than the meat of birds fed the 0% dietary inclusion levels of WHM. Hence, WHM can be included up to 20% in layer diets for optimal meat yield, gut morphology and sensory properties.
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Malik, A. A., A. Aremu, B. A. Ayanwale, A. T. Ijaiya, and B. A. Ibrahim. "Gut morphology, meat yield and sensory properties of laying hens fed water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach] meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain enzyme." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 43, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v43i2.876.
Full textAbstract:
In an experiment to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of Water Hyacinth Meal (WHM) supplemented with and without exogenous enzymes (Maxigrain ) on the gut morphology, meat yield and sensory properties of laying hens, a total of 216 laying hens aged 24 weeks and 4 weeks in lay were used. Six experimental diets were formulated based on the Completely Randomized Design model using a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement made up of two levels of enzyme (No enzyme, With enzyme) and three dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0, 10 and 20 %). At the end of the feeding trial, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, kept off feed for 12 hours, slaughtered, defeathered, eviscerated and dressed. The meat of the breast and thigh of each replicate sample were then selected for sensory evaluation. All parameters were expressed as percentage of live weight. Results showed that there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in live weight (LW), slaughter weight (SW), defeathered weight (DW), eviscerated weight (EWT) and dressed weight (DW) between birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation; and between birds fed the varying dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0, 10 and 20 %). Also, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the weight of the head, neck, breast, back, thigh, drumsticks, wings and shanks between the birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation; and between the birds fed the varying dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0, 10 and 20 %). Of all the internal organs assessed, only the gizzard weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher for the non-enzyme-supplemented diets than for the enzyme-supplemented diets. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in appearance, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability between the meat of birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation; but the meat of birds fed 10 and 20 % dietary inclusion levels of WHM had significantly (p<0.05) higher scores for tenderness and general acceptability than the meat of birds fed the 0 % dietary inclusion level of WHM. Hence, WHM can be included up to 20 % in layer diets for optimal meat yield, gut morphology and sensory properties.
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Lee, GJ. "Growth and carcass characteristics of ram, cryptorchid and wether Border Leicester x Merino lambs: effects of increasing carcass weight." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 2 (1986): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860153.
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The growth and carcass characteristics of first-cross Border Leicester x Merino ram, cryptorchid and wether lambs were compared over a range of slaughter weights (35-55 kg). Lambs were offered feed ad libitum after weaning. The growth rate of wether lambs (221 g/day) was less (P< 0.01) than that of rams and cryptorchids (308 and 280 g/day respectively, P = 0.076). The dressed carcasses of the wether lambs were approximately 2 percentage units heavier than those of the ram and cryptorchids, but this difference was partly due to the weight of the testes. Across all sex groups, dressing percentage increased by 0.46 percentage units per kg increase in carcass weight. The carcasses of rams and cryptorchid lambs tended to be leaner than those of wethers. Fat score distributions, based on export standards, were such that wethers scored higher (fatter) than rams and cryptorchids (P< 0.05). There was a significant sexx carcass weight interaction with GR tissue depths. Above 17 kg carcass weight, tissue depth of wether lambs was greater than those of the other sex types. Of 12 families assessing consumer acceptability (taste, smell, size, fatness and tenderness) of leg roasts, the majority showed no preference for any of the sexes.
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Grubešić, M., D. Konjević, K. Severin, M. Hadžiosmanović, K. Tomljanović, T. Mašek, J. Margaletić, and A. Slavica. "Dressed and undressed weight in naturally bred wild boar (Sus scrofa): The possible influence of crossbreeding." Acta Alimentaria 40, no. 4 (December 2011): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aalim.40.2011.4.10.
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Sarkar, Shuvendu, Moniruzzaman Tarafder, Md Hafizur Rahman, Moinul Khandaker, Golam Sagir Ahammad, Dipok Kumar Sarker, Bimal Chandra Karmakar, and Beathy Islam. "Dietary supplementation effects of the levels of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts as phytogenic feed additive on the growth performance in broiler chicks." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v7i1.53310.
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The effects that Neem leaf extract on overall growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), dressed weight and organs weight of broiler chickens to justify its inclusion in the diet of growing broiler chickens. 120 day old chicks divided into four treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 of thirty (30) birds each were administered clean drinking water with 3gm, 4gm, 5gm and 0g neem extract respectively. Impacts of neem extract treatments on growth indices suggested that Neem extract favored growth with final body weight range of 1709gm and 1763gm. Organ weights showed no deviation from standard values for healthy broiler birds. Highest growth was observed in group T3 (1763.6±141.37gm) followed by T1, T2 and lowest was in T4 group (1565.4±161.25gm). Birds on 5gm of Neem extract in their drinking water out performed birds in other treatments in assessed growth rate indices. We therefore conclude that 5gm of Neem extract in their drinking water growing broiler birds encourages healthy growth and may serve as supplements for antibiotics, especially when birds are raised in areas with minimal access to veterinary service.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2021, 7(1): 64-68
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DeGaspari, John. "Delivering the Goods." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-dec-7.
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This article presents a review on two conveyors at the Ford Motor Co.’s Wayne, MI, assembly plant that use the same technology to meet two very different requirements. One system handles fully dressed, pallet-mounted engines in packages weighing up to 1600 pounds, while the other deals with pallet-mounted instrument panels having a total package weight of 80 pounds. The conveyors, supplied by Bleichert Inc. of Sterling Heights, Mich., use a roller drive mechanism that allows them to adapt to the different application requirements. Ford accomplishes the engine/chassis marriage by lifting completely dressed engines into the vehicle from below. The pallet-mounted engines are transported on a cart, called a moon buggy by Wayne plant personnel. The drive motor can be positioned anywhere along the length of the conveyor. It uses a gear reducer and timing belt to transmit power to the driveshaft. Each of the one-meter-long driveshaft sections is linked to the next one by a coupling to complete the modular drive system.
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Broschat, Timothy K., and Kimberly K. Moore. "Influence of Fertilizer Placement on Plant Quality, Root Distribution, and Weed Growth in Container-grown Tropical Ornamental Plants." HortTechnology 13, no. 2 (January 2003): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.2.0305.
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In two experiments, chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), bamboo palm (Chamaedorea seifrizii), areca palm (Dypsis lutescens), fishtail palm (Caryota mitis), macarthur palm (Ptychosperma macarthurii), shooting star (Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum), downy jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum), plumbago (Plumbago auriculata), alexandra palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae), and foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) were transplanted into 6.2-L (2-gal) containers. They were fertilized with Osmocote Plus 15N-3.9P-10K (12-to14-month formulation) (Expt. 1) or Nutricote Total 18N-2.6P-6.7K (type 360) (Expt. 2) applied by either top dressing, substrate incorporation, or layering the fertilizer just below the transplanted root ball. Shoot dry weight, plant color, root dry weights in the upper and lower halves of the root ball, and weed shoot dry weight were determined when each species reached marketable size. Optimal fertilizer placement method varied among the species tested. With the exception of areca palm, none of the species tested grew best with incorporated fertilizer. Root dry weights in the lower half of the root ball for chinese hibiscus, bamboo palm, and downy jasmine were greatest when the fertilizer was layered and root dry weights in the upper half of the root ball were greatest for top-dressed chinese hibiscus. Weed growth was lower in pots receiving layered fertilizer for four of the six palm species tested.
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Ojelade, AYP, AW Lamidi, FP Agbaye, JI Umoru, AS Ajibade, A. Labaeka, AA Falade, RA Oginni, and PH Ekeogu. "Body weight and carcass characteristics of broilers fed different mixtures of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) in diets." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2015): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v11i2.11.
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Body weight and carcass characteristics of broilers was investigated in a feeding experiment using 135 broilers of Abor acre strain in a completely randomised design that lasted for eight weeks at the Teaching and Research farm, Department of Agricultural education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka Lagos Nigeria. The birds were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments of 45 chicks per treatment. Each treatment was replicated three times (15 chicks per replicate). Three isocaloric (2713.41 and 2918.76 Kcal/kg starter and finisher diets respectively) and isonitrogenous (Starter 24%CP and Finisher 20.37%) diets were formulated. The control diet was without mixture of ginger and garlic. The two other diets were T1:7.5g Ginger plus 7.5g Garlic mixture/25kg diet and T2: 15g Ginger plus 15g Garlic mixture/25kg diet. The experimental diets (starter and finisher diets) were offered to the respective bids with water ad libitum. The body weight gain (Kg) of birds fed control, T1 and T2:1.85, 1.90 and 1.74 respectively were not significantly different (p > 0.05).The feed intake (kg); 4.77, 4.22 and 4.02; and feed conversion ratio: 2.70; 2.22 and 2.31 for birds on control, T1 and T2 respectively were not different (p > 0.05) too. Birds on diet T2 recorded the highest liveability percentage (96%). Mixtures of ginger and garlic in ratio 1.1 up to 7.5g each in 25kg diets slightly increased final body weight gain and liveability; improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), reduced feed intake and dressed carcass percentage significantly (p<0.05) reduced weight of internal organs like liver, heart, kidney and gizzard. The increased final body weight gain and liveability as well as improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds could possibly be due to improvement in feed digestion, additive advantage of nutrients and the anti-microbial property of the mixtures of ginger and garlic in the diets. While the reduced feed intake and dressed carcass percentage may be responsible for by the high fiber content, and some anti-nutritional factors in the ginger and garlic mixtures.Keywords: body weight, carcass characteristics, broiler chicken, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale
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Miya, A., A. N. Sithole, N. Mthethwa, M. Khanyile, and M. Chimonyo. "Response in carcass yield, organ weights, and gut morphology of broiler chickens to incremental levels of Vachellia tortilis leaf meal." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 100, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2019-0041.
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The objective of this study was to assess the carcass yield, organ weights, and gut morphology response to Vachellia tortilis inclusion in broilers. Unsexed 14-d-old Cobb500™ chicks were randomly assigned to six diets containing 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 g kg−1 dry matter of V. tortilis leaf meal. The slaughter weight (SW), dressed carcass weight (DCW), breast weight, thigh weight (TW), drumstick weight (DW), and internal organs were measured. Villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), epithelial, submucosa, and muscularis thickness were taken. The apparent villus surface area (AVSA) and villus to crypt ratio were calculated. There was a linear decrease in SW and DCW (P < 0.05) with the increase of V. tortilis leaf meal. The SW and DCW decreased by 0.77 and 5.25 g for each g kg−1 increase in V. tortilis, respectively. The TW and DW showed no relationship with levels of V. tortilis leaf meal. The relative weight of gizzard, intestine, stomach, heart, and kidney increased linearly (P < 0.05) as levels of V. tortilis increased. The relative weight of the liver was not related to V. tortilis inclusion. The VH, AVSA, VH to CD ratio, as well as submucosa, muscularis, and epithelial thicknesses linearly increased as the V. tortilis inclusion level increased. There was no relationship between V. tortilis leaf meal inclusion and CD (P > 0.05). The increased morphological measurements suggest that leaf meal inclusion alters gut physiology and could influence the digestion and absorption of nutrients in broilers.
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Salardini, AA, LA Sparrow, and RJ Holloway. "Sweet corn responses to basal and top-dressed rates and sources of nitrogenous fertilizers." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 1 (1992): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920171.
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Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa cv. Jubilee) was grown on a fine loamy clay krasnozem soil with banded nitrogen fertilizer at rates up to 200 kg N ha-1 from (NH4)2SO4 and 50 kg N ha-1 from each of NH4NO3 and urea. Some treatments were top-dressed with one or two applications of 50 kg N ha-1. The highest yield of both cobs (23.1 t ha-1) and fresh shoots (93.8 t ha-1) and the highest concentration of N in cobs and shoot dry matter was attained with 100 kg basal N ha-1 and two subsequent topdressings of 50 kg N ha-1 each, applied as (NH4)2SO4. From banded dressing alone, 150 kg N ha-1 produced the highest cob yield and the highest accumulation of N in cobs and shoot dry matter. Top-dressed N increased the yield of cobs and the yield and N concentration in shoots, but did not influence the N concentration in cobs. As N rates were increased, there was an increase in the weight of primary cobs, the weight and number of secondary cobs and more significantly, in the number of tertiary cobs. The source of N did not have any effect on the yield or most yield related components except yield and number of tertiary cobs, which were higher in the ammonium sulfate treatments. The contribution of nitrogen uptake efficiency NUPE and nitrogen ultilization efficiency NUTE to variations in nitrogen use efficiency NUSE was calculated and discussed.
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Papadopoulos, Y. A., E. Charmley, K. B. McRae, A. Farid, and M. A. Price. "Addition of white clover to orchardgrass pasture improves the performance of grazing lambs, but not herbage production." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a97-061.
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Two early-maturing cultivars (Juno and Hallmark), three late-maturing orchardgrass cultivars (Sumas, Rideau, and Kay), and a mixture of orchardgrass (Kay) and white clover (Huia) were seeded in a trial with two replicates. Plots were rotationally grazed for 3 successive years after the establishment year by crossbred lambs. Two contrasts were studied: Kay was compared with Kay/Huia and the early-maturing cultivars were compared with the late-maturing cultivars. Dry matter yield was less for the Kay/Huia than Kay in the 3-yr study, crude protein concentration was similar, and nitrate N concentration was less. Concentrations of ADF and NDF were less for Kay/Huia and stocking density was only 78% of that for Kay over the 3 yr. Efficiency of DM utilization for gain averaged 9.6 for Kay/Huia and 11.4 for Kay, but the difference is not significant. Body weight gain for lam bs grazing Kay/Huia was 40% greater than for lambs grazing Kay; gains per hectare were numerically higher, resulting in bigger lambs with more fat cover. There were no differences in DM yield or chemical composition for early- and late-maturing cultivars. Daily gain for lambs grazing early-maturing cultivars tended to be greater, with most of the effect attributed to a response in 1989. Dressed weight, backfat depth relative to dressed weight were all numerically higher for lambs grazing the early-maturing varieties. We conclude that orchardgrass should be seeded with white clover to increase individual animal performance and output of lamb per hectare. Late-maturing cultivars, when planted in monoculture, had no influence on sward productivity, but appeared to offer some advantage for lamb performance. Key words: Grazing, lamb growth, orchardgrass, white clover
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Egbewande, O. O. "Nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed different sources of animal protein." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 3 (December 17, 2020): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i3.159.
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One of the most important aspects of animal nutrition is digestibility of ingested materials which has a direct relationship with the health status of an animal. The effect of different fish meal alternatives (maggot, termite, grasshopper and lizard meals) on nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens was investigated in this 56 days feeding trial. One hundred and fifty broiler chicks (Marshal breed) were used for the study. Birds were assigned into five dietary groups of 30 chicks each and further divided into three replicates of 10 chicks each. Five experimental diets were formulated to contain 5% fish meal, maggot meal, termite meal, grasshopper meal and lizard meal in treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (tagged T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and T5 ) respectively in starter phase, while fish meal was replaced with 2.5% maggot, termite, grasshopper and lizard meals in treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively in finisher phase. The chicks were allocated into the four diets in a completely randomized design and housed in a deep litter pen with feed and water served without restriction. Results from dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract digestibility showed significant (P<0.05) differences in the test ingredients on birds. Dry matter digestibility ranged from 88.35% in birds fed T3 to 91.86% in birds fed T5 . Crude fibre followed the same trend with the lowest (70.80%) in T3 and the highest (84.83%) in T5 , but ether extract digestibility was at the opposite trend where birds fed T3 had the highest (87.14%), and those on T5 gave the lowest (80.86%). Crude protein showed significant decrease across the treatments from 86.10% in T1 to 80.88% in T5 . Ash digestibility ranged from 68.84% in T2 to 77.05% in T1 . Results on cut-up parts showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) influence on all the parameters considered except in live weight, dressed weight and breast muscle weights where there were significant (P<0.05) differences. Internal organ proportions of the broiler birds showed no significant (P>0.05) effect of the test ingredients on all the parameters considered except in abdominal fat. It can be concluded that crude protein digestibility, live weight, dressed weight and breast muscle values in birds fed T2 (maggot meal) were higher than birds fed other test ingredients and as such recommended as an alternative to fish meal.