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Journal articles on the topic 'Drilling cuttings'
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1
Li, Ying Ying, Guan Cheng Jiang, Ling Li, Wei Xing Xu, and Zhi Heng Zhao. "A Novel Approach of Cuttings Transport with Bubbles in Horizontal Wells." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1314.
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Aiming at the cutting bed settling problems in horizontal section during drilling process, a novel additive FGC for cuttings transport is applied. The experimental results show that the wettability was converted to amphiphobic and the cuttings preferentially attached to gas bubbles after FGC adsorption on the cuttings’ surface. The surface area of the cuttings is increased and the density of it is reduced, making cuttings more easily to be driven by liquid and settlement decrease. Tested by the horizontal simulation device, the cuttings transport effect is good and most of cuttings can be circulated to the outlet position by drilling fluid.
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Hamoudi, Maha R. A., Akram H. Abdulwahhab, Amanj Walid Khalid, Deelan Authman, and Rebin Ali Mohammed Ameen. "Transportation of Cuttings in Inclined Wells." UKH Journal of Science and Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v2n2y2018.pp3-13.
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One of the most important functions performed by drilling fluid is the removal of cutting from the bottom of the hole to the surface. This function must be performed efficiently if not, the cuttings produced during drilling process will accumulate in the annulus. This problem in directional drilling is featured by gravitational forces. Problems resulting from inefficient cutting transport include pipe stuck, wear of bit, reduction in penetration rate, high torque and drag with many other problems encountered. In high angle deviated wells, the cutting goes through a complex path to the surface where some of the cuttings gravitate to the low side of the well. Reduction in any problem associated with improper cutting transport require good understanding in cutting transport mechanisms. This research focuses on calculating the minimum annular velocity of drilling fluid and minimum pump flow rate which is required to achieve hole- cleaning and lifting of the cutting to the surface, taking into consideration the main parameters that affect the coring capacity of the drilling fluid, for this purpose, data of a deviated well (X) located in Kurdistan region of Iraq is collected to determine slip velocity, annular velocity, critical flow rate and carrying capacity index taking in consideration the mud used and the angle of the deviation using the drilling formula spread sheet V1.6.
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Sun, Baojiang, Zhi Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Shaowei Pan, Ze Wang, and Wang Chen. "Parameter Prediction Method for Submarine Cuttings Piles in Offshore Drilling." SPE Journal 25, no. 03 (March 12, 2020): 1307–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200486-pa.
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Summary The cost of offshore drilling operations can be significantly reduced by discharging drilling cuttings into the seabed. However, this leads to accumulation of cuttings piles on the seabed near the drilling site. A certain thickness of cuttings piles changes the original trend of the seabed terrain undulation condition, thus bringing potential safety hazards to the underwater installation of production manifolds. Moreover, the interaction between cuttings and ocean currents near the cuttings piles causes the geometric shape of cuttings piles to evolve over time, which makes it more difficult to accurately predict their characteristics. On the basis of the force analysis of cuttings, considering the effects of cuttings properties (cutting size, density) and ocean-current velocity on the geometric characteristic evolution of the formed cuttings piles, a continuous model for describing the evolution of the returned cuttings piles is established in this study. This model can quantitatively characterize the functional relationship between characteristics of cuttings piles and relevant parameters (current velocity, cutting size, evolution time), and predict the location and geometry characteristics of the cuttings piles evolving into a stable state in ocean currents. Comparing the measured data in laboratory experiments and at an offshore drilling field, the relative error of the model amounts to less than 10%, which demonstrates its rationality. Simulation results show that there will be significant changes in the geometry of cuttings piles before and after the evolution, in which the intensity is correlated with current velocity and cuttings size, and cuttings piles might even split into several parts under certain conditions. The simulation and analysis of the transport and deposition of cuttings returned from the wellhead on the seabed is highly significant for the guide and optimal design of underwater production manifolds.
4
Zhu, Xiaohua, Keyu Shen, Bo Li, and Yanxin Lv. "Cuttings Transport Using Pulsed Drilling Fluid in the Horizontal Section of the Slim-Hole: An Experimental and Numerical Simulation Study." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203939.
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Poor transport of cuttings in horizontal sections of small-bore well holes leads to high torque and increases the risk of the drill becoming stuck, reducing its service life and posing a threat to safe operation. Because the conventional cuttings transport method cannot effectively remove the cuttings bed, a transport method using pulsed drilling fluid based on a shunt relay mechanism is proposed. A three-layer numerical simulation model of cuttings transport in horizontal small-bore wells is established. Using both experiments and numerical simulations, the cuttings transport is studied in terms of the moving cuttings velocity, cuttings concentration, and distance of movement of the cuttings bed. By varying the pulsed drilling fluid velocity cycle, amplitude, and duty cycle at the annulus inlet, their effects on cuttings transport are analyzed, and the optimal pulse parameters are determined. The results show that the use of pulsed drilling fluid can effectively enhance the moving cutting velocity and transport distance of the cuttings bed, reduce the cuttings concentration, and improve wellbore cleaning.
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Pedrosa, Camilo, Arild Saasen, Bjørnar Lund, and Jan David Ytrehus. "Wet Drilled Cuttings Bed Rheology." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061644.
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The cuttings transport efficiency of various drilling fluids has been studied in several approaches. This is an important aspect, since hole cleaning is often a bottleneck in well construction. The studies so far have targeted the drilling fluid cuttings’ transport capability through experiments, simulations or field data. Observed differences in the efficiency due to changes in the drilling fluid properties and compositions have been reported but not always fully understood. In this study, the cuttings bed, wetted with a single drilling fluid, was evaluated. The experiments were performed with parallel plates in an Anton Paar Physica 301 rheometer. The results showed systematic differences in the internal friction behaviors between tests of beds with oil-based and beds with water-based fluids. The observations indicated that cutting beds wetted with a polymeric water-based fluid released clusters of particles when external forces overcame the bonding forces and the beds started to break up. Similarly, it was observed that an oil-based fluid wetted bed allowed particles to break free as single particles. These findings may explain the observed differences in previous cutting transport studies.
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Bageri, Badr S., Mohammed Benaafi, Mohamed Mahmoud, Shirish Patil, Abdelmjeed Mohamed, and Salaheldin Elkatatny. "Effect of Arenite, Calcareous, Argillaceous, and Ferruginous Sandstone Cuttings on Filter Cake and Drilling Fluid Properties in Horizontal Wells." Geofluids 2019 (April 16, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1956715.
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Fine, small-size, drilled cuttings, if not properly separated using mud conditioning equipment at the surface, are circulated with the drilling fluid from the surface to the bottom hole. These drilled cuttings have a significant effect on the drilling fluid properties and filter cake structure. During drilling long lateral sandstone formations, different cuttings with varied properties will be generated due to sandstone formations being heterogeneous and having different mineralogical compositions. Thus, the impact of these cuttings on the drilling fluid and filter cake properties will be different based on their mineralogy. In this paper, the effect of different sandstone formation cuttings, including arenite (quartz rich), calcareous (calcite rich), argillaceous (clay rich), and ferruginous (iron rich) sandstones, on the filter cake and drilling fluid properties was investigated. Cuttings of the mentioned sandstone formations were mixed with the drilling fluid to address the effect of these minerals on the filter cake thickness, porosity, and permeability. In addition, the effect of different sandstone formation cuttings on drilling fluid density and rheology, apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity PV), and yield point (YP) was investigated. High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) fluid loss test was conducted to form the filter cake. The core sample’s petrophysical properties were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of this work indicated that all cutting types increased the rheological properties when added to the drilling fluid at the same loadings but the argillaceous sandstone (clay rich) has a dominant effect compared to the other types because the higher clay content enhanced the rheology. From the filter cake point of view, the ferruginous sandstone improved the filter cake sealing properties and reduced its thickness, while the argillaceous cuttings degraded the filter cake porosity and permeability and allowed the finer cuttings to penetrate deeply in the filter medium.
7
Wei, Na, Yang Liu, Zhenjun Cui, Lin Jiang, Wantong Sun, Hanming Xu, Xiaoran Wang, and Tong Qiu. "The Rule of Carrying Cuttings in Horizontal Well Drilling of Marine Natural Gas Hydrate." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051129.
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Horizontal well drilling is a highly effective way to develop marine gas hydrate. During the drilling of horizontal wells in the marine gas hydrate layer, hydrate particles and cutting particles will migrate with the drilling fluid in the horizontal annulus. The gravity of cuttings is easy to deposit in the horizontal section, leading to the accumulation of cuttings. Then, a cuttings bed will be formed, which is not beneficial to bring up cuttings and results in the decrease of wellbore purification ability. Then the extended capability of the horizontal well will be restricted and the friction torque of the drilling tool will increase, which may cause blockage of the wellbore in severe cases. Therefore, this paper establishes geometric models of different hole enlargement ways: right-angle expansion, 45-degree angle expansion, and arc expanding. The critical velocity of carrying rock plates are obtained by EDEM and FLUENT coupling simulation in different hydrate abundance, different hydrate-cuttings particle sizes and different drilling fluid density. Then, the effects of hole enlargement way, particle size, hydrate abundance and drilling fluid density on rock carrying capacity are analyzed by utilizing an orthogonal test method. Simulation results show that: the critical flow velocity required for carrying cuttings increases with the increase of the particle size of the hydrate-cuttings particle when the hydrate abundance is constant. The critical flow velocity decreases with the increase of drilling fluid density, the critical flow velocity carrying cuttings decreases with the increase of hydrate abundance when the density of the drilling fluid is constant. Orthogonal test method was used to evaluate the influence of various factors on rock carrying capacity: hydrate-cuttings particle size > hole enlargement way > hydrate abundance > drilling fluid density. This study provides an early technical support for the construction parameter optimization and well safety control of horizontal well exploitation models in a marine natural gas hydrate reservoir.
8
Zhu, Jing, Zhiqiang Huang, Yachao Ma, Dou Xie, Xueying Yang, and Cao Zhou. "Hydraulic structure design and downhole flow field optimization of geophysical drill bits in a limestone stratum." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 003685042093125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420931257.
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The hydraulic structure of conventional geophysical drill bit is designed for the general stratum. When conventional geophysical drill bit pierces into a limestone stratum, the shape of cuttings is large because of the high brittleness of limestone. The cuttings are ground repeatedly; this phenomenon can reduce drilling efficiency and increase drilling costs. According to the characteristics of limestone cuttings, the numerical simulation method is used to research downhole flow field characteristics of conventional geophysical drill bit. First, the influence of key hydraulic structure parameters on cuttings removal performance is found. Then, the hydraulic structure is optimized. The flow field characteristics of the hydraulic structure of the geophysical drill bit before and after optimization in the flow path is analyzed, at the bottom of the bit and the annulus area of the shaft lining. The optimized downhole crossflow area increased from 50% to 98%. No vortex was observed at the exit of the flow path and cuttings groove. The downhole pressure gradient increased from 0.12 Mpa to 0.15 Mpa. The cutting removal space in the annulus area of the shaft lining is fully utilized. Field tests show that the cutting removal and drilling performance of optimized geophysical drill bit has improved and the drilling speed increases by 20.6%.
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Xiaofeng, Sun, Shao Shuai, Yan Tie, Wang Kelin, and Luan Shizhu. "Study on Cuttings Starting Velocity in Air Drilling Horizontal and Highly-Deviated Wells." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 6, no. 1 (November 12, 2013): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01306010044.
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Air injection rate as the key parameter of drilling air is directly related to the success of drilling procedure. In the previous studies, most of air injection rate models were built based on the vertical wells, which are not appropriate for horizontal and highly-deviated well and limit the wide application of air drilling to some extent. Based on the movement analysis of cuttings, this paper assumed that after the cuttings deposit to the low side of borehole, Air is injected to carry the cuttings out of the wellbore. Then, the starting velocity model in different hole angles is established through the stress analysis of cuttings motion, which can be used to calculate the minimum air injection rate. The numerical simulation results show that starting velocity of cuttings reaches the maximum in the hole angle 60-70 degrees. The larger diameter cuttings require a high starting velocity, which is difficulty to be transported. This means some appropriate methods should be applied for air drilling procedure, like using secondary crush tools. The subsidence degree is one important factor to the calculation model, and it is necessary to study cutting subsidence degree in next step.
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Zhu, Xiaohua, Keyu Shen, and Bo Li. "Investigation: Cutting Transport Mechanism in Inclined Well Section under Pulsed Drilling Fluid Action." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082141.
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Due to gravity, drilling cuttings are easily accumulated in an inclined well section, ultimately forming a cuttings bed, which places the drill pipe under strong friction torque. In severe cases, this can cause dragging, stuck drills, and broken drill tools. Because conventional drilling fluids are difficult to prevent the formation of cuttings in inclined well sections, a method of carrying cuttings with the pulsed drilling fluid to improve wellbore cleanness is proposed. Experiments and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of cuttings bed transport velocity, cuttings size, cuttings height, drill pipe rotation speed, cuttings bed mass, and roughness height. The optimal pulse parameters are determined per their respective impact on cuttings transport concerning varied periods, amplitudes, and duty cycles of the pulsed drilling fluid. Compared to cuttings transport under the conventional drilling fluid flow rate, the pulsed drilling fluid produces the turbulent dissipation rate, increases cuttings transport velocity, and thus improves the wellbore clearance rate.
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Katende, A., B. Segar, I. Ismail, F. Sagala, H. H. A. R. Saadiah, and A. Samsuri. "The effect of drill–pipe rotation on improving hole cleaning using polypropylene beads in water-based mud at different hole angles." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 3 (December 5, 2019): 1253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-019-00815-1.
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AbstractHole cleaning is always a problem, particularly during drilling operations, and drilling fluid plays an important role in transporting drill cuttings through an annular section of wellbore to the surface. To transport the cuttings, a water-based mud with added polypropylene beads was selected since it is environmentally friendly and cost efficient. The polypropylene beads help to transport cuttings by providing an additional buoyancy force that lifts the cuttings to the surface via the influence of collision and drag forces. This experiment was performed using a 20 ft test section, 10 ppg drilling mud and 0.86 m/s annular velocity in a laboratory scale rig simulator, and the concentration of polypropylene beads was varied from 0 to 8 ppb. As the concentration of polypropylene increases, the cutting transport ratio also increases. It was observed that the fewest cuttings are lifted at a critical angle of 60°, followed by 45°, 30°, 90° and 0°. Additionally, cutting sizes had moderate effects on the cutting lifting efficiency, where smaller cutting sizes (0.5–1.0 mm) are easier to lift than larger cutting sizes (2.0–2.8 mm). Furthermore, a study of buoyancy force and impulsive force was conducted to investigate the cutting lifting efficiencies of various concentrations of polypropylene beads. This lifting capacity was also assisted by the presence of polyanionic cellulose (PAC), which increases the mud carrying capacity and is effective for smaller cuttings. The results show that in the presence of pipe rotation, the cutting lifting efficiency is slightly enhanced due to the orbital motion provided by the drill pipe for better hole cleaning. In conclusion, polypropylene beads combined with pipe rotation increase the cutting transport ratio in the wellbore.
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Qin, Zhongcheng, Tan Li, Qinghai Li, Guangbo Chen, and Bin Cao. "Combined Early Warning Method for Rock Burst and Its Engineering Application." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (January 27, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1269537.
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Rock burst is a common mine disaster often accompanied with casualties and property damage. In order to effectively predict and prevent the rock burst occurrence, an effective and accurate method for predicting rock burst is necessary. This paper first establishes the relationship between the drilling cuttings and the releasable elastic deformation energy. However, the traditional drilling cutting method has the defect that the drilling depth cannot reach the stress concentration area and the drilling cuttings cannot accurately reflect the internal stress variation in the deep part of coal body. So, an improved drill cutting method is presented to make up for these defects. Finally, the combined monitoring method based on the improved drilling cutting method and the microseismic monitoring method is established. It not only overcomes the limitations of a single prediction method but also effectively utilizes the advantages of improved drilling cutting method and the microseismic monitoring method. And this combined monitoring method is applied to the No. 3302 coalface of Xingcun Coal Mine. The obtained results indicate that the combined monitoring method can improve the prediction capabilities of the rock burst and provide novel insights for preventing the rock burst occurrence.
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Pereira, Marina Seixas, Ronaldo de Andrade Martins, André Leibsohn Martins, Marcos Antônio de Souza Barrozo, and Carlos Henrique Ataíde. "Physical Properties of Cuttings, Drilling Fluid and Organic Phase Recovered in the Drying Operation in Oil and Gas Well Drilling." Materials Science Forum 802 (December 2014): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.262.
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Oil companies have increasingly invested in alternative technologies for cuttings treatment. The research for new operations or equipments leads to investigate the properties and characteristics of drilled cuttings and drilling fluids. This work presents the physical characterization of cuttings, drilling fluid and organic phase recoved after cuttings drying. It was carried out analysis of rheology for the drilling fluid and particle size and shape for the cuttings. Considering the microwave drying technology, which has been investigated for cuttings treatment, it was also determined the dielectric properties for the drilling fluid. The quality of the organic phase recovered in the microwave cuttings drying was also analysed.
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Sun, Shihui, Jinyu Feng, Zhaokai Hou, and Guoqing Yu. "Prediction of Cuttings Transport Behavior under Drill String Rotation Conditions in High-Inclination Section." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 10 (January 8, 2020): 2059035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420590351.
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Cuttings are likely to accumulate and eventually form a cuttings bed in the highly-deviated section, which usually lead to high friction and torque, slower rate of penetration, pipe stuck and other problems. It is therefore necessary to study cuttings transport mechanism and improve hole cleaning efficiency. In this study, the cuttings-transport behaviors with pipe rotation under turbulent flow conditions in the highly deviated eccentric section were numerically simulated based on Euler solid–fluid model and Realizable [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] model. The resulted numerical results were compared with available experimental data in reported literature to validate the algorithm, and good agreement was found. Under the conditions of drill string rotation, cuttings bed surface tilts in the direction of rotation and distributes asymmetrically in annulus. Drill string rotation, drilling fluid flow rate, cuttings diameter, cuttings injection concentration and drilling fluid viscosity affect the axial velocity of drilling fluid; whereas drilling fluid tangential velocity is mainly controlled by the rotational speed of drill string. Increase in value of drill string rotation, drilling fluid flow rate or hole inclination will increase cuttings migration velocity. Notably, drill string rotation reduces cuttings concentration and solid–fluid pressure loss, and their variations are dependent on inclination, cuttings injection concentration, cuttings diameter, drilling fluid velocity and viscosity. However, when a critical rotation speed is reached, no additional contribution is observed. The results can provide theoretical support for optimizing hole cleaning and realizing safety drilling of horizontal wells and extended reach wells.
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Rossi, Arley Silva, Marina Seixas Pereira, Jéssika Marina dos Santos, Irineu Petri Jr., and Carlos Henrique Ataíde. "Fundamentals of Microwave Heating and Drying of Drilled Cuttings." Materials Science Forum 899 (July 2017): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.899.528.
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Drilled cuttings contaminated by non aqueous drilling fluids are the major waste from oil well drilling activities. More restrictive environmental legislation has led to the search for alternative technologies to promote cuttings decontamination according to the law. The mixture of cuttings and fluid returning from the well goes through a set of separation equipments, called solids control systems, in order to recover the drilling fluid for reuse. The cuttings from the solids control system must be decontaminated before they can be discharged into the sea. Microwave heating has been studied over the past few years as an alternative to promote the decontamination of this waste and has been shown to be a promising technology. This work aimed to investigate fundamental aspects of microwave heating and drying of drilled cuttings. The heating curve of two different drilling fluids commonly employed in well-drilling operations was obtained. The kinetics of drying of cuttings contaminated with these drilling fluids was also investigated. It was evaluated the behavior of organic phase and water removal in the microwave drying process.
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Li, Jun, Tao Huang, De Wei Gao, Chao Wang, Xue Feng Song, and Kai Ren. "Erosion Law of Inner Drill Pipe in Reelwell Reverse Circulation Directional Drilling." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.1061.
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In the process of ReelWell reverse circulation directional drilling, the drilling fluid returns through the inner drill pipe, and the debris particles continuously eroded and wear the drill pipe in the inclined section, which easily causes the failure of the inner drill pipe erosion. Analysis, through the Fluent software to simulate the flow field in the inner drill pipe, to study the impact of different drilling fluid displacement, different mechanical drilling speed, different cuttings particle size on the drill pipe erosion. The results show that: (1) The larger the drilling fluid displacement, the higher the return velocity of the drilling fluid, the greater the number of cuttings, the larger the maximum erosion rate of the curved pipe section, and the larger the erosion area; (2) The higher the drilling rate High, the higher the concentration of cuttings particles, the higher the probability of particles hitting the pipe wall, the greater the maximum erosion rate of the curved pipe section, and the larger the erosion area. When the mechanical drilling rate is higher than 10m/h, the maximum erosion rate increases significantly; (3) the smaller the cuttings particle size, the larger the number of cuttings particles, and the greater the maximum erosion rate of the curved pipe section. It is recommended that the drilling fluid displacement and the mechanical drilling rate should not be too large during the reverse circulation drilling process. At the same time, the cuttings particle size should be controlled, the drilling tool management should be strengthened, and the reasonable use standard after the drill pipe erosion is established. The research results have a certain guiding significance for revealing the failure of the inner drill pipe erosion in ReelWell reverse circulation directional drilling and the scientific use of the wear drill pipe.
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Cobby, G. L., and R. J. Craddock. "WESTERN AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT DECISION-MAKING CRITERIA INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF DRILLING FLUIDS OFFSHORE." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98039.
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Traditional regulatory regimes have focussed upon the regulation of classes of drilling fluids based on their chemical category. The Western Australian Department of Minerals and Energy (WADME) has developed an alternative approach to the regulation of drilling fluids offshore.This alternate approach is based on an objective case- by-case assessment of each drilling proposal. The WADME assesses the likelihood and consequence (environmental risk) of potential environmental events associated with the total drilling proposal in determining the acceptability of that proposal.This approach uses a framework of assessment criteria to assist in decision making. These criteria include the environmental sensitivity of the well location; the oceanographic conditions and the potential for cuttings accumulation; the type and quantity of the proposed drilling fluid and cuttings; the method of cuttings disposal; the environmental performance of the drilling fluid under standard test protocols and the technical justification for the proposed use of the drilling fluids.This framework offers a more holistic assessment of the potential environmental impacts of a drilling proposal. This paper considers each criterion in this assessment and introduces cuttings pile removal as a topic for discussion.
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Ofei, Titus Ntow. "Effect of Yield Power Law Fluid Rheological Properties on Cuttings Transport in Eccentric Horizontal Narrow Annulus." Journal of Fluids 2016 (July 3, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4931426.
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Narrow annular drilling such as casing-while-drilling technique is gaining popularity due to its ability to mitigate nonproductive time during oil and gas drilling operations. However, very little is known about the flow dynamics in narrow annular drilling. In this study, the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model was used to examine the influence of Yield Power Law fluid rheological properties on cuttings transport in eccentric horizontal narrow annulus. The flow was assumed as fully developed, laminar, and transient state. The present simulation model was validated against experimental data, where a mean percent error of −1.2% was recorded. Results revealed an increase in the radial distribution of cuttings transport velocity in the wide annular region as the consistency index, K, and the flow behavior index, n, increase. Nonetheless, increasing the yield stress, τo, had insignificant effect on the cuttings transport velocity. Three-dimensional profiles showed how cuttings preferred to travel in less resistant flow area, whereas cuttings concentration builds up in the narrow annular region. Furthermore, annular frictional pressure losses also increased as K, n, and τo increased. This study serves as a guide to properly optimize drilling fluid rheological properties for efficient cuttings transport and equivalent circulating density (ECD) management in narrow annular drilling.
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Liu, Cancan, Xigui Zheng, Gang Wang, Mengbin Xu, and Zhishang Li. "Research on Drilling Response Characteristics of Two-Wing PDC Bit." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010406.
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Research on drilling response characteristics of two-wing polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit in different rocks is an important way to further understand the mechanism of rock-breaking, improve drilling efficiency, and identify the rock formation interfaces in coal mines. However, the research on the drilling response characteristics of two-wing PDC bits is relatively rare due to the harsh environment in coal mines. In this study, a series of two-wing PDC bits were used to drill in sandstone and sandy mudstone to study the response characteristic of sound pressure level, displacement curves, longitudinal vibration, and rock cuttings size. The collected data were processed by MATLAB based on the 3σ principle. The cuttings were collected through a newly designed cuttings collection device. The experimental results show that the sound pressure level and the longitudinal vibration are larger when drilling in the higher strength sandstone, which is opposite to the cuttings particles and the penetration rate. The reduction of drilling efficiency is more obvious when drilling in sandstone with a worn bit. Therefore, drilling efficiency can be improved by optimizing the bit structure so that the broken rock blocks flow out of the anchor holes as early as possible to avoid being broken into cuttings.
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Zhu, Zhong Xi, Gong Hui Liu, Jun Li, and Meng Bo Li. "Gas Drilling Cuttings Breaking on Return." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.151.
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More cuttings producing in higher penetration rate of gas drilling are usually in the larger non-uniform size at the bottom and in the smaller uniform size back to the wellhead. It is indicating that cuttings in the well should be appeared in the successive breaking in the process of upward migration. According to the particle broken theories, the successive breaking phenomenon were analyzed, and given the calculating method for the probability of secondary impact crushing, and applied the breaking process matrix and the particle size distribution function to the cuttings migration crushing in the whole wellbore. The calculating results show that the cuttings in the wellbore are broken by the uneven size volumetric fracture progressively turned into the surface fracture of the uniform process, and ultimately stabilized the small size distribution.
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Al-Yasiri, Mortatha Al-Yasiri, Amthal Al-Gailan Al-Gailan, and Dongsheng Wen Wen. "CFD Study of Cuttings Transport through Vertical Wellbore." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 8, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 158–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v8i3.279.
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Cuttings transportation from the bit up the annulus to the surface is one the essentialfunctions that are performed by drilling fluid. Predication of drilling fluid efficiency totransport cuttings in the annulus is very complicated due to numerous parameters that haveaffected drilling operations. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used as anumerical technique in handling complex multiphase flow problems in differentoperational conditions.The present work has taken the advancement of CFD to computationally analyse theinfluence of the effects of various parameters like drilling fluid rheology, flow rate, piperotation, cuttings density, shape, concentration and drilling fluid- cuttings particle couplingregimes on the cuttings transport in a vertical wellbore. The CFD simulation was carriedout by using transient solver of ANSYS-FLUENT CFD commercial code.The dense discrete phase model (DDPM) is suggested in this work to overcome themain shortcomings of Eulerian–Eulerian and CFD-DEM approaches in simulating drillingfluid-cuttings flow. Also, some of the experimental investigations were involved indetermining the fluid physical properties and essential input data to perform the CFDsimulations. Regarding the results validation and verification, well agreement has beenachieved between results obtained in this study with those reported in other studies
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Fedorov, L. N., S. A. Ermakov, and I. I. Ivanov. "DRILLING CROWN WITH WELDING OF CUTTINGS." MINING INFORMATIONAL AND ANALYTICAL BULLETIN 11, no. 24 (2017): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2017-11-24-162-169.
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Song, Xianzhi, Zhengming Xu, Mengshu Wang, Gensheng Li, S. N. Shah, and Zhaoyu Pang. "Experimental Study on the Wellbore-Cleaning Efficiency of Microhole-Horizontal-Well Drilling." SPE Journal 22, no. 04 (June 5, 2017): 1189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/185965-pa.
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Summary Microhole-drilling technology is a high-efficiency and low-cost technology that has developed rapidly in recent years. However, during microhole-horizontal-well drilling, cuttings are easy to deposit at the bottom of the wellbore because of gravity and nonrotation of drillpipe. Inadequate drill-cuttings removal can cause costly problems such as excessive drag, and even mechanical pipe sticking. Therefore, many laboratory studies as well as field observations have been directed toward addressing the cuttings-transport problem. In the present study, a full-scale horizontal-cuttings-transport flow loop was set up and a total of 136 experiments were conducted. By analyzing the cuttings volumetric concentration and the dimensionless height of the cuttings bed, the effects of flow rate (0.00058–0.00078 m3/s), cuttings diameter (0.0003–0.005 m), rate of penetration (ROP) (0.00211–0.00636 m/s), eccentricity (0–0.8), and wellbore diameter (0.04–0.08 m) on wellbore-cleaning efficiency were obtained. It was found that cuttings-transport efficiency increased first and then decreased as cuttings diameter increased. Flow rate was the main parameter. Higher flow rate, lower ROP, lower eccentricity, and smaller drillpipe/wellbore-diameter ratio all led to higher wellbore-cleaning efficiency in microhole horizontal wells. In addition, a model for estimating the cuttings volumetric concentration and the cuttings-bed height was proposed by dimensional analysis dependent on the thorough understanding of the effects of various variables. The predictions were good when they were compared with the experimental data obtained. Major factors influencing cuttings transport in the field during microhole drilling and conventional rotary drilling were compared, and the reasons for their differences were discussed. The limitations of the proposed model in this study were also discussed. These results could provide a factual basis for improving microhole-drilling hydraulics.
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Xing, Shuchao, Jianbin Wang, and Long Feng. "Disposal technology of waste oil drilling cuttings in drilling engineering." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 208 (December 20, 2018): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/208/1/012093.
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Zhang, Jie, Wen Luo, Cuinan Li, Tingyu Wan, Zhen Zhang, and Chenghua Zhou. "Study of the cuttings transport in stable foam drilling." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018044.
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Based on the special rheological model of foam fluid, the mathematical models of cuttings transport for stable foam drilling in vertical/near vertical sections, the transitional section, and inclined/horizontal sections are established in this paper. The effects of various flow parameters on the cuttings bed thickness in the annulus are analyzed. The results show that inclination, annulus velocity, foam flow rate, and eccentricity are key factors affecting cuttings transport. The thickness of a cuttings bed gradually decreases with the inclination decrease of the highly deviated/horizontal sections. When the inclination is reduced to approximately 60°, the dynamic and static cuttings bed disappears and is substituted by the glide lamella, which consists of cuttings grains. Cuttings grains have various forms of movement on the lower borehole wall. When the inclination is reduced to below 30°, the cuttings are brought out of the well by the stable foam if the returning velocity of the annulus foam is larger than the depositing velocity of the cuttings. The thickness of the cuttings bed gradually decreases with the increase of annulus velocity. The increased foam quality reduces the concentration of annulus cuttings when the annulus velocity is constant and when it reaches a stable status earlier than the foam drilling fluid of lower foam quality. However, the concentration of the annulus cuttings at the final stage is constant. The thickness of the cuttings bed increases with increased eccentricity of the drill stem. When the eccentricity is large, the change of eccentricity has a high effect on the cuttings bed thickness.
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Welahettige, Prasanna, Christian Berg, Joachim Lundberg, Bernt Lie, and Knut Vaagsaether. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of the Effects of Drill Cuttings on the Open Channel Flow." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019 (August 22, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6309261.
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A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was carried out for drilling fluid flow with drill cuttings in open channels. The flow is similar to the return flow when drilling, stream containing drilling fluid, and drill cuttings. The computational model is under the framework of the Eulerian multifluid volume of the fluid model. The Herschel–Bulkley rheological model was used to describe the non-Newtonian rheology of the drilling fluid, and the computational model was validated with experimental results for two-phase flow in the literature. The effect of flow depth and flow velocity in an open channel was studied for drill cutting size of up to 5 mm and for a solid volume fraction of up to 10%. For constant cross section and short open channels, the effect of drill cuttings on flow depth and mean velocity was found to be small for particle sizes less than 5 mm and solid volume fractions less than 10%. High momentum force in the downward direction can carry the solid-liquid mixture at higher velocities than a lower density mixture. Higher inclination angles mean that the gravity effect upon the flow direction is more significant than the particle friction for short channels.
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Yi, Song Lin, Zhi Ming Wang, Xian Zhong Yi, and Wei Chang. "The Fundamental Characteristics on Particle Size Distribution of Drilling Rock-Cuttings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2411.
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The properties of particle size distribution of rock cuttings and its shape characteristics are the most important parameters to petroleum drilling engineering. The samples of rock drill-cuttings are collected from 7 wells within the depths of 3500 m in Liaohe Oilfield of China. The particle size distribution laws of these rock samples with the average diameter over 74 μm are analyzed. The result shows that the drill cuttings feature obvious sheet shape and the size distribution curve of the particles is mainly related to the formation rocks and drilling bits. While drilling at the well depths of between 0 and 2000m by the cone bits, particle size distribution of drill cuttings has a form of approximately power function, the probability particle diameter being 8.50～9.27 mm. Drilling at the depths of between 2000 and 2800 m by the cone bits, the size distribution of cuttings has a form of nearly function, the probability particle diameter being 3.04～4.67 mm. Drilling at the depths under 2800m by PDC bits, the size distribution has a form of nearly the Rayleigh distribution, the probability rock diameter being 0.91～0.94 mm.
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Ma, Cha, Yu Ping Yang, and Long Li. "Analysis of Adsorption Mechanism of Anti-Balling Additive for Drilling Engineering on Metal Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (October 2013): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.551.
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Due to the repeated cracking caused by the adsorption of cuttings on the surface of drilling bits and BHA during drilling operation, the rate of penetration (ROP) could reduce remarkably. The anti-balling additive for drilling fluids (ABA) could eliminate the adsorption effect of cuttings, and increase ROP significantly. In this paper, the mechanism of eliminating the adsorption effect of cuttings was investigated in details. The results indicate that ABA can form multilayer chemical and physical adsorption on the surface of drill bits and BHA in the form of oriented adsorption of organic phosphine, which is of great importance to the design of drilling fluid system and field operation to raise ROP.
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Bi, Xue Liang, Yun Nan Zhang, and Yu Liang Yan. "Minimum Gas Influx Calculation in Gas Drilling after Water Production Based on Absorption Characteristics of Rock." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 1204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1204.
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In gas drilling, hole-cleaning problem is serious due to formation water production when water layer drilled. Drill pipe sticking will affect seriously and drilling work cannot carry out. Therefore, formation water production is the most serious case. In this paper, we research that if formation water production is small, there are two migration model in annulus considering water absorption characteristics of cuttings when formation water production is greater than water absorption. One situation is the migration occurs under the condition that cuttings completely absorb the formation water. Another is cuttings and pure liquid migrate in the form of liquid droplet at the same time when cuttings do not completely absorb formation water. By using the minimum kinetic energy method, we consider the effects of gas influx under the two conditions and find that in most cases liquid carrying need more minimal gas influx than cuttings carrying. When formation water production is small in drilling work, increasing the amount of gas injection should used in order to ensure gas drilling safely and smoothly.
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Xu, Jiafu, Evren Ozbayoglu, Stefan Z. Miska, Mengjiao Yu, and Nicholas Takach. "Cuttings Transport with Foam in Highly Inclined Wells at Simulated Downhole Conditions / Transport urobku wiertniczego przy użyciu piany w silnie nachylonych otworach w symulowanych warunkach w otworze." Archives of Mining Sciences 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0032.
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Along with the rapidly growing demand and development activities in unconventional resources, is the growth of environmental awareness and concerns among the public. Foam, as an alternative to traditional drilling fluid, is gaining more and more momentum in the drilling industry. Drilling with foam can minimize formation damage, water usage, and drag and torque. Foam also costs less and leaves a much smaller environmental footprint than other commonly used drilling fluids, such as synthetic oil-based fluids, when developing vulnerable formations such as shale gas. As drilling in horizontal and near horizontal sections has become very common, and the need for such sections is increasing, it is very important to understand cuttings transport and hole cleaning issues when drilling with foam in such sections. A team from University of Tulsa Drilling Research Projects (TUDRP) conducted a series of experiments focused on studying the effects of change in hole inclination angle from 90 degrees to 70 degrees on cuttings transport with foam under Elevated Pressure and Elevated Temperature (EPET) conditions. This experimental and theoretical study also includes other influential parameters such as foam quality, foam flow rate, polymer concentration and drill pipe rotary speed. We have observed that there is no significant difference in cuttings concentration and frictional pressure losses as inclination changes from 70 to 90 degrees. Also, an increase in superficial foam velocity reduces cuttings concentration within the annulus. Pipe rotation influences cuttings concentration and frictional pressure losses for low quality foams, but does not have a significant effect on high quality foams. A correlation for the cuttings bed area and a computer simulator are developed for practical design and field applications. The predicted results are compared with experimental results from this study and previous studies. The comparison shows good agreement. We believe that the findings of this paper will help designers with the choice of optimal drilling fluid for drilling horizontal wells in unconventional (shale) gas/oil reservoirs.
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Tretyakova, M. O., and A. I. Agoshkov. "MANAGEMENT OF DRILL CUTTINGS WITH OIL-BASED DRILLING FLUIDS." News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 4, no. 1 (2019): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2019-4-1-6-24.
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Petroleum is one of the main sources of energy in the world. Oil production is associated with generation a huge amount of drilling waste, which impacts the environment negatively. Oil-based drilling fluids are widely used nowadays, but they are more dangerous than waster-based drilling fluids. This research is devoted to management of drill cuttings, environmental legislation and new technologies for processing. Environmentally responsible actions for eliminating the effect of drill cuttings with oil-based drilling fluids on the environment are discussed.
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Pereira, Marina Seixas, C. M. A. Panisset, T. B. Lima, and Carlos Henrique Ataíde. "Determination of the Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of Drilled Cuttings at Different Points throughout the Solids Control Process." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1677.
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In this work, we use x-ray fluorescence and x-ray diffraction methods to investigate the chemical and mineralogical composition of drilled cuttings at different points throughout the solids control process. Cuttings coated or contaminated with drilling fluid are the result of drilling. Over the past twenty years, studies have been conducted to assess the effects that these contaminated cuttings have on the environment, in both offshore and onshore scenarios. A more restrictive environmental legislation and the need to reduce drilling costs (exploration and production) has led to the optimization of solid-liquid separation. Knowledge of the chemical and mineralogical composition of drilled cuttings will assist in finding a dispersant and in determining an appropriate procedure for carrying out particle size analysis of these solids.
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Khudhair, Ahmed. "USING MICROWAVE TECHNIQUE TO TREAT CONTAMINATED DRILL CUTTINGS." Iraqi Geological Journal 53, no. 2D (October 31, 2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.2d.3ms-2020.10-25.
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Drilling waste is a vital and persistent problem found in the petroleum industry which is mainly related to drilling and oil production. When drilling fluids ruminants are discharged on the ground, human health is affected by the toxic of oil contamination and the chemicals of liquid fraction ruin organisms functional and contaminate the groundwater as a result of seeping. A microwave technique was used to treat the remain drill cuttings resulting from drilling fluid. Whereas amounts of drill cuttings were taken from the southern Rumaila oilfields, prepared for testing and fixed with 100 gm per sample and contaminated with two types of crude oil, one from the southern Rumaila oilfields with Specific gravity of 0.882 and the other crude oil from the eastern Baghdad oilfield of Specific gravity 0.924. The concentrations of 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% w/w in mass was chosen to be the pollution percentage. Samples were treated in the microwave with different power applied of 180, 540, and 900 watt and a time period of 50 minutes is divided into 5 parts for analysis 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 min. the purpose of this study was trying to reach the zero-discharge concept treatment or near. It was found that the results of 22 sample reached below 1% w/w in mass, except for two samples of 180-watt power applied and oil contamination of 15% w/w in mass they reached about 1.5-1% w/w in mass. The results show a great declination in oil contamination even with highest pollution with lower power applied.
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Matsumura, Takashi, Shoichi Tamura, and Pedro José Arrazola. "Cutting Force Prediction in Drilling of Anisotropic Materials." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 1365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.1365.
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The paper presents a predictive cutting force model in drilling of anisotropic materials. Three dimensional chip flow in drilling is interpreted as a piling up of the orthogonal cuttings in the planes containing the cutting velocities and the chip flow velocities. The cutting models in the chip flow are determined to calculate the cutting energy using the orthogonal cutting data. Then, the chip flow direction is determined to minimize the cutting energy. The cutting force can be predicted in the determined chip flow model. The cutting force with anisotropy in the material is modeled as the change in the shear stress on the shear plane. The shear stress changes with the rotation angle of the cutter. The cutting force prediction is verified in drilling of a titanium alloy. The anisotropic parameters are identified to minimize the model error between the measured and the predicted cutting forces. The periodical oscillation of the cutting force is also predicted by anisotropy in the shear stress.
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Liu, Yongsheng, Deli Gao, Xin Li, Xing Qin, He Li, and Hang Liu. "Investigating the Jet Comminuting Process in Cuttings Transport by Coupling the CFD/DEM Method and Bonded-Particle Model." SPE Journal 24, no. 05 (March 8, 2019): 2020–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/188917-pa.
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Summary Jet comminuting technology has proved to be an effective means of solid particle pulverization, and current research attempts to introduce it for drilling work to reduce cuttings size, because smaller cuttings are easy to circulate out of the bottom, thus can effectively prevent the formation of cuttings bed, especially in horizontal drilling. In this paper, the feasibility of cuttings’ comminution by jet is studied by means of numerical simulation with secondary development. The coupling analysis methods—including the computational–fluid–dynamics/discrete–element–model (CFD/DEM) modeling for the interaction between fluid and cuttings and the particle replacement and bonding modeling for cuttings breakage—are used to characterize the jet comminuting process of cuttings. Input parameters of simulation are reliable and verified by uniaxial compression tests. Case studies presented here indicate that cuttings can be considerably accelerated by 20 to 30 m/s through the throat, which provides a good effective speed for the cuttings. After being accelerated by the fluid and crushed with the target, the vast majority of cuttings results in smaller debris. Also, increasing the inlet speed affects the crushing efficiency. The inclination of the target at near 65° shows good results. This paper proposes a new perspective to introduce the jet comminuting technique for drilling operations, and its findings could help in guiding engineering design in the future.
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Neustadt, B., I. L. Marr, and H. W. Zwanziger. "Toxicity testing of oil-contaminated drilling cuttings." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 351, no. 7 (1995): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00323338.
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Mendaliyeva, D. K., Z. Kh Kunasheva, and J. B. Yakupova. "Development of the Structure of Road-Construction Materialswith the Use of Drilling Cuttings." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 17, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj196.
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<p>Oil based drilling cuttings after thermal treatment processed at 340 °С were used as mineral powder for creation of composite material. For a compounding of drilling cuttings the road asphalt of the BND 60/90 brand was used. Efficient activity of natural radio nuclides which made 25 ± 5 Bq/kg was identified. Element structure of drilling cuttings was identified with the usage the method of the X-ray phase analysis. Existence of the signal corresponding to the following connections was established: СаСО<sub>3</sub> – calcite, NaCl – halite, BaSO<sub>4</sub> – barite, CaMg(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> – dolomite. Content of calcite makes 65% of masses, content of halite – 15% of masses, content of dolomite – 8% of masses, content of barite – 10% of masses. A small amount of оrganite (СаСО<sub>3</sub>), anhydrite (CaSO<sub>4</sub>) and quartz (SiO<sub>2</sub>) was discovered. Formation of series of test samples of composite material with the subsequent research of their physical and chemical and operational properties was done. The most optimum is the asphalt concrete mixture with the content of 7% of drilling cuttings as mineral powder. Physical and chemical characteristics of the made samples indicate compliance to qualifying standards. The received results allow recommending drilling cuttings after thermal treatment as a mineral additive at construction of highways of IV-V technical category. The use of oil based drilling cuttings as a mineral component of road-building coverings does not constitute ecological danger to the environment, thereby, it gives the chance to solve one of the urgent environmental problems of the region, i.e. the effective use of industrial wastes and environment protection.</p>
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Ofei, Titus N., Sonny Irawan, and William Pao. "CFD Method for Predicting Annular Pressure Losses and Cuttings Concentration in Eccentric Horizontal Wells." Journal of Petroleum Engineering 2014 (April 10, 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/486423.
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In oil and gas drilling operations, predictions of pressure losses and cuttings concentration in the annulus are very complex due to the combination of interacting drilling parameters. Past studies have proposed many empirical correlations to estimate pressure losses and cuttings concentration. However, these developed correlations are limited to their experimental data range and setup, and hence, they cannot be applicable to all cases. CFD methods have the advantages of handling complex multiphase flow problems, as well as, an unlimited number of physical and operational conditions. The present study employs the inhomogeneous (Eulerian-Eulerian) model to simulate a two-phase solid-fluid flow and predict pressure losses and cuttings concentration in eccentric horizontal annuli as a function of varying drilling parameters: fluid velocity, diameter ratio (ratio of inner pipe diameter to outer pipe diameter), inner pipe rotation speed, and fluid type. Experimental data for pressure losses and cuttings concentration from previous literature compared very well with simulation data, confirming the validity of the current model. The study shows how reliable CFD methods can replicate the actual, yet complex oil and gas drilling operations.
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Han, Xiaoming, Songnan Song, and Jialiang Li. "Pressure drop characteristics of reverse circulation pneumatic cuttings removal during coal seam drilling." Science Progress 103, no. 2 (April 2020): 003685042092523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420925235.
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To solve the problems that the borehole depth is shallow and the drilling efficiency is low during the gas drainage drilling in soft coal seam with current cuttings removal method, a new technology of reverse circulation pneumatic cuttings removal is proposed. The working principle of reverse circulation pneumatic cuttings removal is analyzed, and the kinetic equation of cuttings in the inner hole of the drill pipe is established. Through experiments, the pressure drop in the drill pipe is measured to reveal the effects of air velocity, cuttings mass flow rate, and cuttings particle size on the pressure drop in inner hole of the drill pipe. When the cuttings mass flow rate is constant, the pressure drop increases with the increase in air velocity. When the air velocity is constant, the pressure drop increases with the increase in cuttings mass flow rate. At low air velocity, the pressure drop of cuttings is primary. As the air velocity increases, the pressure drop ratio of cuttings decreases. Under the same conditions, the order of pressure drop with different particle size cuttings is coarse cuttings > medium cuttings > fine cuttings. Empirical equation of pressure drop coefficient of cuttings is established, which is in good agreement with the actual data.
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Kovaleva, E. I., M. V. Guchok, S. S. Ledovskih, and V. V. Demin. "Aspects of Drilling Waste Involvement in Soil Formation Process." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-8-20-25.
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Considered the possibilities of drill cuttings involvement in the processes of ecosystem functioning as parent material and soil-like materials (organolithostrates, constructozems). Model experiments were carried out with drilling waste and model mixtures that included sand, kieselgur, peat, phosphogypsum, cement and crude oil. To assess the properties of mixtures and their possible impact on the components of the environment, a water migration index was used. We revealed that optimal ratio of components in the construction design of soil-like materials was: drill cuttings (not more than 7 %), sand (not less than 20 %), kieselgur (not less than 4 %) with content of total petroleum hydrocarbon not more than 50 g/kg. Optimization of drill cutting properties let us design soil-like ground that could be organically integrate and function in the ecosystem. Restrictions on the use of newly formed substrates are the content of highly soluble salts – chlorides, which are not amenable to regulation and are not standardized in soils and grounds today.
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Wei, Na, Ying-Feng Meng, Gao Li, Yong-Jie Li, An-Qi Liu, Jun-Xi Long, Chun-Yan Xin, and Sheng-Bin Wen. "Cuttings-carried theory and erosion rule in gas drilling horizontal well." Thermal Science 18, no. 5 (2014): 1695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1405695w.
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In gas horizontal drilling, the gas with cuttings will go through the annulus at high speed which will lead strong erosion to the drill tools. This paper proposes a cuttings-carried theory and modified the critical cuttings-carried model for the gas-solid flow. Meanwhile, the erosive energy is obtained through simulating the gas-solid mixture in different conditions. The study result has positive significance on the determination of reasonable injection volume by optimizing construction parameters of horizontal well in gas drilling.
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Han, Xiaoming, Peibo Li, and Jialiang Li. "CFD-DEM Simulation of Reverse Circulation Pneumatic Cuttings Removal during Coal Seam Drilling." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3707864.
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To solve the problems that the borehole depth is shallow and the borehole formation rate is low during the gas drainage drilling in soft coal seam with current cuttings removal method, a new technology of reverse circulation pneumatic cuttings removal is put forward. The CFD-DEM coupling method is used to establish the simulation model of cuttings-air two-phase flow in drill pipe. The effects of the air velocity for cuttings removal and the mass flow rate of cuttings on the flow characteristics, cuttings removal effect and pressure drop of cuttings-gas two-phase flow are analysed. The results show that the drag force of drilling cuttings becomes larger with the increase of air velocity and the stratified flow characteristic is obvious. The drill cuttings migration ratio is positively correlated with the air velocity for cuttings removal and negatively correlated with the mass flow rate of cuttings. When the mass flow rate of cuttings is constant, the increase of air velocity for cuttings removal leads to the increase of pressure drop in the inner hole of drill pipe. When the air velocity of cuttings removal is constant, the mass flow rate of cuttings and the pressure drop in the inner hole of drill pipe increases. Therefore, the appropriate air velocity should be selected considering the energy consumption during cuttings removal.
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Rahmani, Reza, Ray E. Ferrell, and John Rogers Smith. "Multiscale Imaging of Fixed-Cutter-Drill-Bit-Generated Shale Cuttings." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 19, no. 02 (April 1, 2016): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/176028-pa.
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Summary Shales account for more than 75% of the formations drilled worldwide, and fixed-cutter bits are used to drill most of the footage. Cutter/rock interactions after the initial failure of rock are shown to be a major source of drilling inefficiency. Analytical and numerical modeling was implemented to understand these interactions and their controlling factors, but a comprehensive model does not exist. This is mainly because of the complex nature of the problem that depends on several factors that include rock characteristics, pressure-and-temperature environment, bit design, and drilling-fluid properties. Having such a large range of factors requires a cross-disciplinary approach to tackle the problem. This paper is focused on fabric analysis of the rock cuttings. Recent developments in fabric-analysis techniques allow the study of the size, shape, composition, and spatial arrangement of particles and matrix constituents in fine-grained rocks. This has led to an increased understanding of compaction phenomena, shear strength, porosity, permeability, fracturing, electrical propagation, and seismic properties of the rock. Despite this, the changes in rock fabric during interaction with the drill bit are not well-understood. This work takes advantage of those techniques by analyzing the shale cuttings at the macro-, micro-, and nanolevels to understand how shales break and deform under confining pressure to better understand drill-bit/rock interactions. Cuttings recovered from a well in Tuscaloosa, Louisiana, drilled with fixed-cutter bits were analyzed in multiple scales: macro, micro, and nano. Shallower and deeper sections were drilled with water-based mud and oil-based mud (OBM), respectively. Samples were gathered from seven depth intervals ranging from 13,500 to 21,320 ft. The microscale analysis was performed with a X-ray computed-tomography scanning technique, whereas nanoscale analysis was performed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Shale-cuttings fabric was characterized by images produced by energy-X-ray-descriptive spectroscopy (EDS) and backscattered-electron microscopy of ion-milled samples. Cuttings were generally formed in the shape of layered ribbons in which the mud-facing side is uneven and serrated whereas the cutter side is smooth and has a darkened clay film. The size of the ribbons and thickness of the layers were larger in areas drilled with OBM. Cuttings accumulation in the form of a ball attached to some of the ribbons from drilling in OBM provided evidence that cutter balling can occur during field drilling operations. SEM-EDS analysis of cuttings showed significant accumulation of barite, a component in the drilling fluid, on the external surface of the serrated sides of the ribbons. In addition, scattered barite zones were found inside the cuttings. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated a mixed mineral assemblage dominated by quartz and smectite with minor illite, kaolinite, chlorite, mixed-layered materials, and traces of calcite and pyrite. It was hypothesized that the absence or scattered appearance of barite in some zones of produced cuttings, particularly the cutter side of the ribbon and the cutter ball, may relate to higher deformation of cuttings at those zones. In addition, the mechanism of cutter balling was explained with an analogy with metal-cutting theories. This was supported by comparison between the geometry of shale cuttings from this field and copper cuttings from single-cutter experiments. Structural analysis of cuttings from actual field drilling reinforced the relevance of the observations made during laboratory experiments. It also provided unique insights, observations, and incentives for additional investigation of how cuttings are formed and what influences dysfunctions or inefficiencies. This is a significant step in understanding shale/cutter interactions that severely affect the bit penetration rate, especially under high confining pressure.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Hole-Cleaning Fibers Improve Cuttings-Carrying Capacity." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 05 (May 1, 2021): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0521-0063-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 203147, “Investigating Hole-Cleaning Fibers’ Mechanism To Improve Cutting Carrying Capacity and Comparing Their Effectiveness With Common Polymeric Pills,” by Mohammad Saeed Karimi Rad, Mojtaba Kalhor Mohammadi, SPE, and Kourosh Tahmasbi Nowtarki, International Drilling Fluids, prepared for the 2020 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, held virtually 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Hole cleaning in deviated wells is more challenging than in vertical wells because of the boycott effect or the eccentricity of the drillpipe. Poor hole cleaning can result in problems such as borehole packoff or excessive equivalent circulating density. The complete paper investigates a specialized fibrous material (Fiber 1) for hole-cleaning characteristics. The primary goal is to identify significant mechanisms of hole-cleaning fibers and their merits compared with polymeric high-viscosity pills. Hole-Cleaning Indices Based on a review of the literature, most effective parameters regarding hole cleaning in different well types were investigated. These parameters can be classified into the following five categories: - Well design (e.g., hole angle, drillpipe eccentricity, well trajectory) - Drilling-fluid properties (e.g., gel strength, mud weight) - Formation properties (e.g., lithology, cutting specific gravity, cuttings size and shape) - Hydraulic optimizations (e.g., flow regime, nozzle size, number of nozzles) - Drilling practices (e.g., drillpipe rotation speed, wellbore tortuosity, bit type, rate of penetration, pump rate) In this research, rheological parameters and parameters of the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model are considered to be optimization inputs to increase hole-cleaning efficiency of commonly used pills in drilling operations. The complete paper offers a detailed discussion of both the importance of flow regime and the role of the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model in reaching a better prognosis of drilling-fluid behavior at low shear rates. The properties of the fibrous hole-cleaning agent used in the complete paper are provided in Table 1. Test Method Two series of tests were performed. The medium of the first series is drilling water, with the goal of evaluating the efficiency of Fiber 1 in fresh pills. The second series of tests was per-formed with a simple polymeric mud as a medium common in drilling operations. Formulations and rheological properties of both test series are provided in Tables 4 and 5 of the complete paper, respectively.
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Kamyab, Mohammadreza, Nelson Chin, Vamegh Rasouli, Soren Soe, and Swapan Mandal. "Coiled tubing drilling for unconventional reservoirs: the importance of cuttings transport in directional drilling." APPEA Journal 54, no. 1 (2014): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13033.
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Coiled tubing (CT) technology has long been used in the oil and gas industry for workover and stimulation applications; however, the application of this technology for drilling operations has also been used more recently. Faster tripping, less operational time, continuous and safer operation, and the requirement for fewer crew members are some of the advantages that make CT a good technique for drilling specially deviated wells, in particular, in unconventional reservoirs for the purpose of improved recovery. Cuttings transport in deviated and horizontal wells is one of the challenges in directional drilling as it is influenced by different parameters including fluid velocity, density and rheological properties, as well as hole deviation angle, annulus geometry and particle sizes. To understand the transportation of the cuttings in the annulus space, therefore, it is useful to perform physical simulations. In this study the effect of wellbore angle and fluid rheological properties were investigated physically using a flow loop that has been developed recently for this purpose. The minimum transportation velocity was measured at different angles and an analysis was performed to study the fluid carrying capacity and hole cleaning efficiency. The results indicated how the change in wellbore angle could change the cuttings transport efficiency.
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Tamura, Shoichi, and Takashi Matsumura. "Cutting Force Prediction in Drilling of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0059.
Full textAbstract:
An analytical forcemodel is applied in order to predict the cutting force in drilling of unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP). Because a threedimensional chip flow is interpreted as a piling up of the orthogonal cuttings, the shear angle, the shear stress on the shear plane and the friction angle in the orthogonal cutting are obtained in the cutting tests. Because the chip thickness and the cutting force of CFRP depend on the cutting direction for the fiber orientation, the orthogonal cutting data are associated with the relative angle of the cutting direction with respect to the fiber orientation. The cutting forces in drilling are predicted using the orthogonal cutting data. The force model considering the fiber orientation is verified in comparison of the predicted cutting forces and the measured ones.
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Al-Sudani, Jalal A. "Analyzing Hydrodynamic Energy Consumption to Predict Carrying Capacity Index." SPE Journal 25, no. 06 (May 22, 2020): 2822–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201197-pa.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Implementing efficient fluid-carrying capacity of drilled cuttings is an essential process for a good drilling program, either for a better rate of penetration (ROP) or a safer drilling operation. In this paper, I present a methodology that is based on the transfer function representation, which can be used to analyze the consumed fluid energy used in lifting the drilled cuttings in vertical wells to estimate the maximum carrying capacity index (CCI), which leads to performance at the desired ROP. The consumed hydrodynamic energy equation has been formulated using a second-order differential equation as a function of the drilling fluid, cuttings properties, and drilling operating parameters. Therefore, it allows an accurate quantitative monitoring of the fluid's CCI, which is the best alternative method to the currently empirical model. Moreover, it determines the perfect hydrodynamic energy required for any designed ROP to prevent excessive or poor hole-cleaning performance.
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Ma, Cha, Long Li, and Yu Ping Yang. "Study on Horizontal Wells and ERW Drilling Technology of Carrying Cuttings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.397.
Full textAbstract:
Hole cleaning was very difficult in horizontal wells and extended reach wells (ERW), which was the technical bottleneck in raising the progress and success rate of petroleum exploration and production at present. A new type of treating agent for drilling fluid (CNRJ), designed for horizontal wells and extended-reach wells, was synthesized. CNRJ was added to drilling fluids, and the rheological properties, temperature-resisting property and suspension performance of drilling fluid system were analysed. The results indicate that CNRJ has good compatibility with drilling fluid system, and the dynamic plastic ratio of drilling fluid system can be adjusted from 0.20 to 1.12. In addition, the drilling fluid system has good static suspension ability for cuttings, good heat resistance and pollution resistance.
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Yang, Zhenhua, Hongwei Zhang, Sheng Li, and Chaojun Fan. "Prediction of Residual Gas Content during Coal Roadway Tunneling Based on Drilling Cuttings Indices and BA-ELM Algorithm." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (April 24, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1287306.
Full textAbstract:
In order to predict the residual gas content in coal seam in front of roadway advancing face accurately and rapidly, an improved prediction method based on both drilling cuttings indices and bat algorithm optimizing extreme learning machine (BA-ELM) was proposed. The test indices of outburst prevention measures (drilling cuttings indices, residual gas content in coal seam) during roadway advancing in Yuecheng coal mine were first analyzed. Then, the correlation between drilling cuttings indices and residual gas content was established, as well as the neural network prediction model based on BA-ELM. Finally, the prediction result of the proposed method was compared with that of back-propagation (BP), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) to verify the accuracy. The results show that the average absolute error, the average absolute percentage error, and the determination coefficient of the proposed prediction method of residual gas content in coal seam are 0.069, 0.012, and 0.981, respectively. This method has higher accuracy than other methods and can effectively reveal the nonlinear relationship between drilling cuttings indices and residual gas content. It has prospective application in the prediction of residual gas content in coal seam.
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Ikram, Rabia, Badrul Mohamed Jan, Akhmal Sidek, and George Kenanakis. "Utilization of Eco-Friendly Waste Generated Nanomaterials in Water-Based Drilling Fluids; State of the Art Review." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154171.
Full textAbstract:
An important aspect of hydrocarbon drilling is the usage of drilling fluids, which remove drill cuttings and stabilize the wellbore to provide better filtration. To stabilize these properties, several additives are used in drilling fluids that provide satisfactory rheological and filtration properties. However, commonly used additives are environmentally hazardous; when drilling fluids are disposed after drilling operations, they are discarded with the drill cuttings and additives into water sources and causes unwanted pollution. Therefore, these additives should be substituted with additives that are environmental friendly and provide superior performance. In this regard, biodegradable additives are required for future research. This review investigates the role of various bio-wastes as potential additives to be used in water-based drilling fluids. Furthermore, utilization of these waste-derived nanomaterials is summarized for rheology and lubricity tests. Finally, sufficient rheological and filtration examinations were carried out on water-based drilling fluids to evaluate the effect of wastes as additives on the performance of drilling fluids.