To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Drilling fluids.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Drilling fluids'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Drilling fluids.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Pitt, Martin John. "Vibratory screening of drilling fluids." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10642.
Full text
2
Sandvold, Ida. "Gel Evolution in Oil Based Drilling Fluids." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18454.
Full textAbstract:
Drilling fluids make up an essential part of the drilling operation. Successful drilling operations rely on adequate drilling fluid quality. With the development of new drilling techniques such as long deviated sections and drilling in ultra-deep waters, the standard of required performance of the drilling fluids continue to increase. Narrow pressure margins and low tolerance for barite sag requires accurate prediction of the gel evolution in drilling fluids. Increased knowledge of how drilling fluids behave during low shear rates can lead to better design of drilling fluids to avoid settling of heavy particles at the wellbore. Settling of heavy particles at the wellbore can lead to serious incidents such as stuck pipe, lost circulation, poor cement jobs and well control difficulties. Studies on the gel evolution of oil based drilling fluids could be used to optimize hydraulic modelling and evaluate phenomena such as fluid loss, barite sag and cuttings transport.The objective of this report was to investigate the gel evolution, low shear viscosity and viscoelastic properties of oil based drilling fluids. Literature study and experimental investigations were performed on water based and oil based drilling fluids to extend the understanding of low shear viscosity of oil based drilling fluids.Literature study performed on low shear viscosity of drilling fluids confirmed that there is a need for improved models for describing dynamic yield point and low shear behaviour. A case study performed illustrates the relevance of the topic, and the consequences unexpected gel effects could have when drilling a well. Two water based drilling fluid samples and one oil based drilling fluid sample were prepared and tested. Quantitative information about the dynamic properties of drilling fluids was found. Flow curves and gel strength were measured using a Fann viscometer. Four different drilling fluid samples were investigated using an Anton Paar Physica rheometer. Oscillatory tests such as amplitude sweeps determined linear viscoelastic range (LVE). Determination of the linear viscoelastic range was necessary to further investigate viscoelastic properties by performing frequency sweeps within the LVE range. Both amplitude sweeps and frequency sweeps were performed at different frequencies and strains. The viscoelastic properties investigated were structure formation, structure breakage and low shear viscosity. The effect of variables such as temperature, frequency, time of rest on dynamic yield point and viscous and elastic modulus was investigated by varying these variables in series of experiments. Experiments performed conclude that there is little correlation between the dynamic yield point found from extrapolation of flow curves using the Herschel Bulkley model and the Bingham plastic model, and the dynamic yield point found from amplitude sweeps. Amplitude sweeps showed that the three samples of drilling fluids exhibit viscoelastic behaviour, and that the linear viscoelastic range in strain rate was approximately 1 % at a temperature of 20 °C and a frequency of 1 s-1 for all tested samples. Frequency sweeps showed that the elastic modulus dominates the viscous modulus within the LVE range for all three samples. Linear viscoelastic range and dynamic yield point were found to be temperature and frequency dependent. The properties of the different samples were found to not change monotonically with frequency or temperature. Results of experiments performed on a model water based drilling fluid conclude that time of rest had little influence on the properties even for longer period of rest. A slight increase in viscosity was observed for longer rest periods.
3
Kristensen, Aleksander. "Flow properties of water-based drilling fluids." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23107.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this master thesis was to investigate the flow properties of water based drilling fluids, utilizing measurements in both the micro and macro scale. The research was performed on two realistic drilling fluids by the use of a viscometer, a rheometer and a realistic flow loop, where the latter represents the macro scale. The research outcome could possibly improve the understanding of flow behavior in wellbores, and remove uncertainties associated with annular friction. The two fluids utilized in the research was made up with the goal of having equal rheological qualities, when measured with a Fann 35 viscometer. A more thorough examination of the two fluid's rheology was then executed by using a Anton Paar MCR302 rheometer. The macroscopic properties was researched employing a flow loop, capable of simulating realistic wellbore conditions.The main outcome of this thesis is that even though two fluids appear to have the same rheoligical properties when measured on simple equipment, their fundamental different microscopic structure will exhibit variations when the fluids are utilized in real applications.Due to problems encountered when mixing the fluids, as well as problems with one of the fluids itself, not all intended experiments were conducted. The experiments should be replicated with an emphasis on temperature control, avoiding bubbles and foam, and be conducted within a shorter time period.
4
Peng, Shuang Jiu. "Filtration properties of water based drilling fluids." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/871.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis reports an experimental and theoretical study on filtration properties of water based drilling fluids under dynamic and static conditions. The tested muds cover Freshwater/Gypsum/Lignosulphonate mud and SeawaterlKCLlPolymer mud, bariteweighted and unweighted. The effects of the solid concentration, pressure and shear rate on the filter cake characteristics and the erodability were investigated. For static filtration experiments, all tests were conducted for two hours and the spurt loss, the filter cake thickness, the ratio of wet to dry cake mass and the cumulative filtrate volume against time were measured. For dynamic filtration experiments, however, only the spurt loss and the cumulative filtrate volume against time were measured and all tests were conducted for at least 8 hours. A general filtration equation was developed based on the cake filtration theory prevailing in the chemical engineering industry and it was utilised to obtain the modified classic static filtration equation and the dynamic filtration equation. The modified classic static filtration equation was then employed to fit the static filtration experimental data and the average specific static cake resistance and the effective filter medium resistance were calculated. The dynamic filtration equation showed a substantial agreement with the dynamic filtration experimental data. Using the static filter cake properties such as the ratio of wet to dry cake mass (m), the average specific dynamic cake resistance, the effective filter medium resistance and the dynamic filter cake erodability were calculated. In the study of the relationship between the static filtration data and the dynamic filtration data, an attempt of predicting the dynamic filtration data from the static filtration experimental data was conducted. Also, an attempt was carried out to predict the static filtration data and the dynamic filtration data in a sequential process. The experimental data suggests that a substantial difference exists between the specific resistances of static and dynamic filter cakes. No apparent distinction was found, however, between spurt loss and effective filter medium resistance. The reodability of dynamically deposited mud cake for Seawater/KCL/Polymer mud was found to be three fold for Freshwater/Gypsum/Lignosulphonate.
5
Dogan, Huseyin Ali. "Investigation Of Bit Hydraulics For Gasified Drilling Fluids." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12604906/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate determination of the pressure losses at the bit is very important for drilling practices in petroleum industry. In the literature, there are several studies on determination of the pressure losses. Major focus is concentrated on single phase drilling fluids, which is far from accurate estimation of pressure losses for multiphase fluids, i.e., fluids including a liquid and a gas phase, at the bit. Some of these models are valid for multiphase fluids, however, they are either valid for very high gas flow rates, or developed using very strong assumptions.
This study presents a mathematical model for calculating bit hydraulics for gasified drilling fluids. The theory, which is valid for both sonic (critical) and subsonic (sub-critical) regimes, is based on the solution of the general energy equation for compressible fluid flow. The model is sensitive to changes in internal energy, temperature and compressibility. In addition, the model uses &ldquomixture sound velocity&rdquo
approach. A computer program is developed based on the proposed mathematical model. The program calculates pressure drop through a nozzle in subsonic flow region, and suggest flow rate if the calculated pressure drop values is in the sonic flow pressure ranges. The program has been run at reasonable field data. The results of the models have been compared with the results of existing models in the literature. The results show that the pressure losses through the bit can be estimated with a variation less than 9%. Also, it has been observed that bottom hole pressure, velocity of the liquid phase and nozzle size have a strong influence on bit pressure drop.
6
Kupeyeva, Aliya. "Determination Of Hydrate Formation Conditions Of Drilling Fluids." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608607/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study is to determine hydrate formation conditions of a multicomponent polymer based drilling fluid. During the study, experimental work is carried out by using a system that contains a high-pressure hydrate formation cell and
pressure-temperature data is recorded in each experiment.
Different concentrations of four components of drilling fluid, namely potassium chloride (KCl), partially hydrolyzed polyacrylicamide (PHPA), xanthan gum (XCD) and polyalkylene glycol (poly.glycol) were used in the experiments, to study their effect on hydrate formation conditions.
7
Jahns, Carolin. "Friction Reduction by using Nano-Fluids in Drilling." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24919.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing requirements of drilling fluids in long extended reach wells desires for new solutions to solve torque and drag problems in the wellbore. Nanotechnology is an upcoming technology development, which is already used in other industries to minimize friction coefficients of lubrication fluids in hydraulic hoses. Drilling fluids act also as a lubrication fluid in the wellbore, besides of many other functions it has to fulfill. It is well known that oil based muds (OBM) are characterized with a better lubrication efficiency than water based muds (WBM). Out of this reason, research interest increases about successfully implementing nanoparticles to drilling fluids, especially to WBM, for reducing the generated mechanical friction between drill string and casing. Within this framework of thesis, tribological and rheological experiments were performed to investigate whether friction reduction can be achieved with alumina, titania or silica nanoparticles. Different particle concentrations in the fluid were tested to see, if lubrication efficiency can be defined to a specific particle concentration. Additionally, the nanoparticle added fluids were tested under different temperature condition to determine the influence on temperature towards nanoparticles. The experimental phase of the thesis was performed with a pin-on-disk apparatus and a modular compact rheometer (MCR), which allowed tribology and viscosity measurements. The tribology experiments test the metal to metal friction factor, which depend on the lubrication effect of the fluid. The rheology apparatus measures the viscosity of the fluid under different temperatures according to the standardized Fann viscometer.Whereas the pin-on-disk apparatus has an internationalized procedure manual and the test results are assumed to be reliable.As major result, there is a coupling effect between temperature and nanoparticles in the fluids. With the results of the pin-on-disk apparatus, the titania and silica nanoparticles effectively reduced the friction factor. The alumina particles have a limited friction reduction, in consequence of an increasing friction factor with increasing particle concentration in the fluid.
8
Amish, Mohamed Belkasem. "Drilling fluids filtration and impact on formation damage." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404919.
Full text
9
Ettehadi, Osgouei Reza. "Determination Of Cuttings Transport Properties Of Gasified Drilling Fluids." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612676/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The studies conducted on hole cleaning have been started with single phase drilling fluids for vertical holes in 1930&rsquos, and have reached to multiphase drilling fluids for directional and horizontal wells today. The influence of flow rate and hole inclination on cuttings transport has been well understood, and many studies have been conducted on effective hole cleaning either experimentally or theoretically. However, neither the hydraulic behavior nor the hole cleaning mechanism of gasified drilling fluids has been properly understood. The aims of this study are to investigate and analyze the hole cleaning performance of gasified drilling fluids in horizontal, directional and vertical wells experimentally, to identify the drilling parameters those have the major influence on cuttings transport, to define the flow pattern types and boundaries as well as to observe the behavior of cuttings in detail by using digital image processing techniques, and to develop a mechanistic model based on the fundamental principles of physics and mathematics with the help of the experimental observations. A mechanistic model is developed with the help of the obtained experimental data. Developed model is used for estimating optimum flow rates for liquid and gas phases for effective cuttings transport as well as for determining the total pressure losses and void fraction of each phase for a given drilling conditions. The v mechanistic model obtained using the experimental data within the scope of this study will be used to develop the hydraulic program and equipment selection to be used in the field during underbalanced drilling applications.
10
Mfanga, Dhelda Reginald. "Impact of drilling fluids on geomechanical stability of wellbore." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239273.
Full text
11
Carter, E. J. "Flow of power law fluids with application to oil drilling." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/458.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is concerned with a theoretical study of the flow behaviour of inelastic power law fluids in two different types of flow situation. These are: 1. The creeping motion of a sphere moving through an expanse of liquid. 2. The combined steady and oscillatory flow of a liquid through a straight tube of circular cross section. The first part of the work is devoted to the prediction of the drag correction factor for a sphere falling slowly through a bounded inelastic power law fluid. The analysis is carried out for the case when the outer spherical boundary has a finite or infinite radius. A perturbation technique is used to produce the resulting equations for a slightly power law fluid which are solved using the finite element method. An asymptotic expansion is used to provide an analytical far field solution for the infinite outer sphere case. The second part considers the combined steady and oscillatory flow of an inelastic power law liquid in a tube. The analysis is carried. out for the case when both the steady flow rate and the oscillatory flow rate are known. An expression for the pressure gradient reduction in the tube is then derived. The resulting partial differential equation is solved by finite difference techniques. An analytical solution for the pressure gradient is also obtained using a perturbation analysis for the case when the fluid inertial effects are small.
12
Wan, Stephen. "The flow of drilling fluids in the well-bore annulus." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267511.
Full text
13
Whyte, John Morrison. "Surfactant-inhibited barium sulphate nanoparticles for use in drilling fluids." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231876.
Full textAbstract:
This project studied the production of barium sulphate nanoparticles through inhibition of crystal growth, during precipitation, by different surfactants. Barium sulphate is the pure form of the ore baryte, which due to its high density and softness, is the most commonly used additive used to increase the density of drilling fluids. A non-agglomerating, stable nano-scale dispersion of barium sulphate particles would have significant technical and commercial impact in the drilling fluids industry. This thesis tested the possibility of precipitating barium sulphate and restricting its crystal growth with inhibitors, creating nanoparticles. Six inhibitors were tested; dodecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, adamantane carboxylic acid, methylnonanoic acid and a mixture of phosphate esters known commercially as Fazewet. Precipitated, inhibited barium sulphate was characterised using powder XRD, DRIFT FTIR and solid-state NMR (SSNMR). All inhibitors were shown to form single-phase, orthorhombic barium sulphate crystals proving that the inhibitors affect only the surfaces of precipitated crystals and do not enter the crystal lattice. FTIR allowed the relative adsorbed concentration of each inhibitor to be assessed. The results indicate that adsorbed inhibitor increases with increasing inhibitor concentrations but that their attachment is not proportional to the concentration. In most cases concentrations of 0.1mol l-1 of inhibitor were sufficient to saturate the crystal surface. SSNMR also agreed with this although the sample size was too small, due to equipment restrictions, to make definitive conclusions. Through the use of the Debye-Scherrer equation, the crystallite size was calculated and showed that at concentrations of 0.2mol l-1 all inhibitors other than palmitic acid produced nano-scale (< 100nm) crystallites. Further analysis showed that further reductions could be achieved through precipitation in an alkaline pH environment, with the application of mechanical shear and by using adding 50% v/v of ethanol. iv Laser diffraction particle size analysis showed that the dominant factor in reducing particle size distribution was inhibitor concentration. The volume-based PSD used by the laser diffraction system was considered to distort excessively the particle sizes present and so analysis switched to dynamic light scattering. DLS showed that dodecanoic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, despite forming nano-scale crystallites, could not produce a nano-scale dispersion of barium sulphate and as such were unsuitable for use in drilling fluids. Stable nano-scale dispersions were found to have been formed when inhibited with adamantane carboxylic acid, methylnonanoic acid and Fazewet. DLS also confirmed that dispersed particle size rather than simply crystallite size could be reduced with an alkaline pH and high mechanical shear. Concentration was still the dominant effect, however with the smallest particles sizes (ZAvg) being observed at concentrations of 0.6mol l-1. The particle sizes for the three modifiers were approaching that of the crystallite size, suggesting that some further reduction is possible, but large reductions are unlikely. All three inhibitors produced sub 100nm ZAvgs, with the smallest produced by methylnonanoic acid of 43nm. Spherical nanoparticles were observed through the use of ESEM and TEM. Due to equipment time restrictions only 0.2mol l-1 treatment levels could be examined, but ESEM showed apparent nanoparticle clusters, later confirmed using pixel count and SFDA methods. TEM analysis showed discrete particles as small as 3nm, indicating that the lower limit for achievable particle size may be lower than PSD measurements would suggest. The results indicate that adamantane carboxylic acid, methylnonanoic acid and Fazewet sufficiently inhibit crystal growth to be potential candidates for the production of barium sulphate nanoparticles. These three inhibitors produce a barium sulphate dispersion that is stable and nano-scale even after drying and redispersion.
14
Ford, John T. "Solids transport in complex annular geometries." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/676.
Full text
15
Meuric, Olivier Francois Joseph. "Numerical modelling of fluid flow in drilling processes." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267227.
Full text
16
Iscan, Abdullah Gurkan G. "Experimental And Numerical Investigation Of Formation Damage Caused By Drilling Fluids." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607592/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, permeability impairment caused by drilling fluids and subsequent cleaning and permeability enhancement by back-flow were investigated by means of experimental and simulation studies. Permeability damage caused by three different drilling fluids was measured experimentally by core tests as a function of the filtration pressure and analyzed using a simulator describing the fines migration and retention in porous media. The pore throat plugging criteria for the three drilling fluids were determined. The particle concentration and the fraction of depositing particles were obtained simultaneously as a function of time and distance along the core length by numerical solution. Simulations were run both with experimental data in forward and backward directions along the core samples. Permeability damage ratio was correlated with respect to drilling filtration pressure specially for each type of the drilling fluids and type curves were constructed. Simulation results accurately match the experimental data, indicating that this simulator can be used for the estimation of permeability reduction, and the permeability and porosity variation along the core samples at various filtration pressures. X-Ray digital image subtraction was applied to different sections of the core plugs before and after the circulation to visualize the fines migration into porous media. The maximum damage ratio was obtained with the CMC added drilling fluid with 81 %. In the absence of CMC and Polymer-XT, the damage ratio was found as 72.8%. It was also determined that a polymer-added drilling fluid characterized with 63.8% permeability damage ratio is the optimum drilling fluid, causing less formation damage than the water-based bentonite mud.
17
Raimondi, Ellen Lynn. "Biodegradation and idealized modeling of drilling fluids, South McMurdo Sound, Antarctica." Thesis, Northern Illinois University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10008797.
Full textAbstract:
This project explored the potential fate and transport of seawater-based drilling fluid used in the Antarctic Drilling Program (ANDRILL) South McMurdo Sound project (SMS). The SMS drilling reported a loss of 5.6 × 10 5 liters of drilling fluid to the surrounding formation throughout a borehole depth of 1139m. The introduction of these drilling fluids raise concerns of potential contamination to a pristine, isolated environment. The volume of fluid lost to the subsurface is unrecoverable and will only break down through natural attenuation processes, such as biodegradation. The objectives of this study are to estimate the extent of fluid migration laterally from the borehole and to determine when biodegradation of the water-based drilling fluid is effectively occurring. Variable density groundwater flow modeling (SEAWAT) was used to simulate the environment around the borehole. Applying stresses similar to the drilling events produced an estimate of how far fluid will be transported as drilling fluid is being circulated. Results show the fluid to migrate up to 7.5m into the subsurface. Additionally, laboratory microcosms were set up to incubate drilling fluid samples at various temperatures (5, 25, and 50°C) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Experimental data collected over 188 days was analyzed to evaluate the time frame when biodegradation of drilling fluids occurred. Carbon isotope fractionation ( 13C/12C) was used to determine the ability of the drilling fluids to be used as a food source. Biological data observed changes in microbial growth using DNA quantification, and changes in microbial communities using Biolog EcoPlates™. Results show a positive correlation between the increase of δ13C (‰) values and an increase in DNA (ng/µl) quantity. Data from geochemical and community changes indicate biodegradation of the drilling fluid occurred between time 40 and time 100. The methods employed to investigate fate and transport is a unique approach, and applied to these water-based drilling fluids for the first time in this study.
18
Kahvecioglu, Alper. "Designing Lost Circulation Pills For Polymer Based Drill-in Fluids." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610226/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Specially designed non-damaging lost circulation pills (LCP) are being effectively applied for drilling depleted zones worldwide. Optimizing the LCP compositions stop the lost circulation effectively and protect the production zone from liquid and solids invasion significantly. Shape, particle size distribution and concentration of the lost circulation materials (LCM) are key parameters determining the effectiveness of LCP. In this study, the Permeability Plugging Apparatus (PPA) is utilized to evaluate effectiveness of various LCM&rsquos in curing the lost circulation. Sized calcium carbonates are used as LCM in different concentrations and in different particle size distribution. Lost circulation zones are simulated using the ceramic disks and slotted disks. Ceramic disks with nominal pore sizes 20, 35, 60, 90, and 150 microns are characterized in terms of pore size distribution using the computerized image analysis technique. Filter cake quality, spurt loss and filtrate volume are basic parameters to be evaluated in this study. Tests are performed at 75 F and 300 psi of differential.
19
Shewring, Nigel Ivor Edward. "Interactions at the clay/polymer/water interface." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1998. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20358/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis investigates the behaviour of aqueous montmorillonite suspensions and also the interactions between montmorillonite as a free standing film and in highly dispersed aqueous suspension with water soluble polymers used as additives in water based drilling fluids. FTIR microscopy and FTIR ATR spectroscopy have been employed to study in-situ dehydration of fully dispersed aqueous montmorillonite suspensions. The IR spectrum of the dispersed bentonite shows significant differences from that of a dry bentonite powder, which have been attributed to the hydration of the exchangeable cation. Drying, or concentrated salt solution causes the differences to disappear and this is attributed to the exchangeable cation settling back to its ditrigonal cavity in the silicate sheet of the mineral under these conditions. The adsorption of various molecular weights of neutral polyacrylamide (PAM) onto montmorillonite has been studied using FTIR transmission, ATR spectroscopy and XRD. Shifts seen in the NH[2] stretching and bending bands have been interpreted as being due to H-bonding with the outer co-ordination sphere of exchangeable cations. KCl has shown to have some influence on this system. Another neutral polymer used extensively in water based drilling fluids is polyalkylglycol (PAG). The adsorption of two molecular weights of this polymer from aqueous solutions of various concentrations have been monitored both in the presence and absence of KCl. The physical form of the montmorillonite (either as a free standing film or as a dispersed suspension), the concentration of the polymer solution, the polymer molecular weight and the presence of KCl all have significant effects on the adsorption of polymer. The stabilisation of montmorillonite films by PAG and PAG/KCl solutions has been monitored by ATR spectroscopy, and the dehydration of these films by polymer has been monitored using FTIR spectroscopy and XRD. The interaction of PAG is thought to be via hydrogen bonding with the innermost co-ordination sphere of the exchangeable cations which thus presents a hydrophobic surface to solvent molecules, preventing the film from collapse. Since all water based drilling fluids are multi-component systems, techniques previously used have been employed to study the competitive adsorption of the polyalkylglycol and polyacrylamide components. Preferential adsorption of the PAG is seen in these systems either due to the mass transport effects (PAG is considerably smaller than PAM) or due to PAG removing all but the inner cation hydration sphere, and presenting a hydrophobic surface for the PAM, and therefore preventing its adsorption.
20
Gurbuz, Berkay. "Experimental Characterization Of Some Water Soluble Polymers Used In Drilling And Completion Fluids." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614146/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Properly preparing the drilling fluid is an essential part of any successful drilling operation, especially in complex operations like deviated and horizontal drilling. Understanding the flow behavior of the polymers used in the drilling fluids under different conditions takes a key part in this preparation. In this study, shear rheology of some traditionally used water soluble polymers in drilling and completion fluidsnamely PAC (polyanionic cellulose) and xanthan gum, were investigated experimentally. Instead of an oilfield standard Fann Model 35 Viscometer, an Ofite Model 900 Viscometer was used because of its capability to measure at ultra-low shear rates. Effects of the concentration of the polymer, time of shear applied, test temperature and effects of aging were examined. Rheological measurements were conducted between the shear rate ranges of 0.01 to 1000s-1 with concentrations changing from 0.25 to 1.5 grams of polymer per 350 milliliters of water (equivalent to 0.25 to 1.5 lb/bbl). Rheograms were constructed to identify the effect the polymers in question have on the flow characteristics of the drilling fluid. An appropriate constitutive model was used to define the flow behavior of the polymer in question mathematically. It was observed from the constructed rheograms that increase in polymer concentration results in consistent increase of apparent viscosity. Amount of time of shear does not affect the selected polymers if they are dynamically aged at least for two hours. Also as expected increasing temperature of the sample lowers the apparent viscosity considerably.
21
Wang, Hui. "Effect of the drilling fluids IPAR and NEODENE on biotransforming enzymes in rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62438.pdf.
Full text
22
Dangou, Mohamad Ali Abdulla. "Investigations of the filtration parameters of drilling fluids for optimising oil well productivity." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU239344.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this research was to gain further understanding of the behaviour of oil wellbore fluid filtrates, the various factors affecting filter cake quality, and how these can be controlled to reduce the invasion of the filtrate around the wellbore region. The investigations were intended to define filtration behaviour and filter cake parameters at different fluids with various particle size distributions and various wellbore conditions that are: different filtration pressures, different filtration times, and different shear rates acting on the cake surface during dynamic filtration conditions. The results indicated that all the above mentioned filtration parameters have a various degree of influence on the filter cake and filtration parameters. The forces acting on a particle suspended in the wellbore fluids during dynamic cake particle deposition were also analyzed and a dynamic filtration model was developed. This model can be used to determine the average critical shear rate of these particles and the frictional coefficient factors of the particles with the cake surface. The model has then been modified to predict equilibrium filtration flow rate at any shear stress (above the critical value) applied on the cake surface. Investigations on the transient stage of the dynamic filtration agreed with literature and showed that the size of particles deposited onto the cake decreased with increasing cake thickness, causing the particle size distribution of the dynamic filter cake to alter with cake thickness.
23
Cluff, Maryam Ansari. "Microbial Aspects of Shale Flowback Fluids and Response to Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366292190.
Full text
24
GAMA, MARIANA CARDOSO GARCIA DE FREITAS. "EVALUATION OF AN EMBARKED TREATMENT UNIT OF NON-AQUEOUS DRILLING FLUIDS CONTAMINATED WITH DISPLACEMENT INTERFACES AND WASTEWATERS ORIGINATED FROM OFFSHORE DRILLIN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24034@1.
Full textAbstract:
Este estudo apresenta uma unidade de tratamento móvel recentemente implantada em atividades marítimas de desenvolvimento de petróleo no Brasil. O sistema consiste em dois módulos de tratamento especializados para tratamento de fluidos de perfuração de base não aquosa (FBNA) contaminado com interface de deslocamento e águas residuárias da perfuração marítima. Os módulos
componentes do sistema proposto podem ser instalados tanto em instalações em terra ou em plataformas marítimas. A unidade a ser avaliada utiliza a combinação dos tratamentos de demulsificação, floculação, decantação e filtração para separação de FBNA e frações de FBNA da água residual em seus principais componentes. Testes laboratoriais foram realizados de modo a garantir que o sistema teria a capacidade de tratar os resíduos de FBNA contaminado em conformidade às resoluções brasileiras de descarte de efluentes (Resoluções do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente número 357/05 e 430/11). Os ensaios envolveram o ajuste do sistema para operar dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação local, que estabelecem limites muito conservadores de metais e
hidrocarbonetos, entre outros parâmetros, os quais os efluentes devem se enquadrar antes da permissão para descarte em águas continentais ou oceânicas. Este estudo apresenta os resultados dos ensaios, os quais demonstraram que os efluentes tratados pelo sistema estão em conformidade com os parâmetros necessários para permissão do descarte em locações de perfuração marítima no
Brasil. O próximo passo a ser dado, antes do uso operacional desta recente tecnologia no Brasil, é o acordo de um Plano de Monitoramento Ambiental com o Órgão Ambiental. Os resultados mostraram que o uso do sistema não é apenas economicamente vantajoso, mas também ambientalmente importante, uma vez que ajuda a minimização de resíduos, reutilização de fluidos, aumento do lucro e
melhora das margens em operações de perfuração. No Brasil, o uso desta tecnologia tem um perfil inovador e é uma ferramenta que pode contribuir para redução dos elevados volumes de resíduos de perfuração que são atualmente enviados para destinação final em terra.This study presents the mobile treatment system recently deployed in offshore development activities in Brazil. The system is a specialized two-module treatment of synthetic base mud (SBM) contaminated with wash water and slop water. The modules of the unit are deployable to any drilling environment onshore or offshore platforms. The studied unit treatment process uses a combination of chemical and physical processes such as demulsification, flocculation, settling and filtration to separate SBM and SBM fractions from the slop water into their main components. Laboratorial testing was conducted to ensure that this system would have the capacity to treat SBM-contaminated wastes to comply with the Brazilian Resolutions for Effluents Discharge (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente Resolutions number 357/05 and 430/11). The tests involved adjusting the system to operate within the limits established by the local legislation, which establish very conservative limits of metals and hydrocarbons, amongst other parameters, that effluents have to meet before being allowed to be discharged in continental or oceanic bodies of water. The study presents the test results which show that the system has produced effluent that complies with all the parameters necessary to allow its discharge at the drilling offshore location in Brazil. The next step to be taken, before operational use of this technology in Brazil, is the agreement of a monitoring plan with the environmental agency. Results have shown that the use of such system is not only economically advantageous, but also environmentally significant as it helps minimize the waste, reuse fluid, increase profit, and improve margins in drilling operations. In Brazil, the use of this technology has an innovative profile and it is a tool that can contribute to reducing the high volumes of drilling waste that currently are sent onshore for final waste disposal.
25
Laruccia, Moacyr Bartholomeu. "Numerical modelling of non-Newtonian fluids in annular space and its application to drilling operations." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1324.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents the results of investigations in two areasA) Laminar helical flow of Herschel Bulkley fluids in annular space; and B) Cuttings transport in deviated wellbores. Description of area A: This is a theoretical study that consists of the modelling of non-Newtonian fluid flowing through annular space. The rheology of the fluid is represented by a three-parameter fluid model to account for a non-linear behaviour of the rheologic curve followed by the presence of a yield stress. Two distinct methodologies were used to study the effects of inner pipe rotation and inner pipe eccentricity on the velocity profiles of the annular flow. I. Laminar Helical Flow of a Herschel-Bulkley Fluid in a Concentric Annulus and its Extension to a Narrow Eccentric Annulus: The method consists of the use of the boundary conditions to enable the numerical integration of the motion equation. The subsequent extension to eccentric annuli is based on division of the annulus into sectors, where each sector is treated as an equivalent sector of a concentric annulus. Profiles of velocity presented in 2-D and 3-D contour plots explain the effects of eccentricity, inner pipe rotation and yield stress in many different situations. This analysis is useful to simulate the flow field in a borehole during directional drilling and primary cementing particularly for narrow eccentric annuli. II. Laminar Helical Flow of a Herschel-Bulkley Fluid in an Eccentric Annulus and The Special Case of a Pure Axial Flow: A new methodology to obtain the governing equations is proposed here as a first step to the solution of this complicated problem. It consists of eliminating the unknown radial and tangential pressure gradients from the equation of motion by defining vorticity between these two components of the velocity vector. The vorticity equation and the remaining axial component of the motion equation, written in bipolar co-ordinates, are then made discrete using two different finite difference approaches. Firstly, the inertial terms of both equations are made discrete using a modified upwind scheme proposed by O. Axelsson and I. Gustafsson, while the viscous terms are made discrete using central difference approximation. Secondly, the moving boundary conditions are set by enforcing continuity of pressure on the inner annular wall. The future solution of these equations will provide a very accurate model, unavailable until now, that accounts for both effects, the eccentricity and rotation of the drill string, to simulate the flow field of drilling mud in directional and horizontal wells. Description of area B: The fluid models developed are incorporated in the development of two semi-empirical correlations to predict the critical conditions of cuttings transport in deviated weI/bore. The numerical fluid models are modified to predict the velocity of the fluid at the vicinity of the cutting that is at the point of being transported. An extensive bank of data of the critical conditions of transport, emulating many different field conditions, was used in this analysis. The experimental data was provided by an industry sponsored project which did four years of experimental work in a simulated testing column to generate the data. The two semi-empirical correlations developed in this research are based on: • a dimensional analysis of the variables involved in two distinct mechanisms of transport experimentally observed: 1. Rolling or Sliding and 2. Suspension; • a force balance applied to a cutting resting on the low-side wall of an inclined annulus, under fluid dynamic conditions. The semi-empirical correlations can be used as general criteria for evaluating and correlating the effects of various parameters on cuttings transport, and as a guideline for cuttings transport programme design during directional drilling.
26
Elango, Prabhu. "New Analyses Methods to Improve the Understanding of Shale Hydration and Dispersion in Drilling Fluids." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/75348.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis details novel analysis methods that were applied to investigate shale and clay mineral reactivity as they come in contact with water-based drilling fluids. Six commercial additives were tested and their shale stabilizing potential was investigated through the use of two advanced particle analyzers – FBRM M500 and Malvern Mastersizer 3000. The experimental study and subsequent results indicate that these novel tools can indeed be used to analyze shale hydration and dispersion through particle analysis.
27
WALDMANN, ALEX TADEU ALMEIDA. "THE DRIVING MECHANISMS FOR BRIDGING AGENTS EFFECTIVENESS ON DRILLING FLUIDS INVASION CONTROL INTO OIL RESERVOIR ROCKS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7651@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROEste estudo procurou observar e quantificar os parâmetros operacionais que governam as propriedades permoporosas da torta de filtração, formada após o escoamento de uma solução de glicerina com uma determinada concentração de sólidos. A formação de um reboco externo de baixa permeabilidade é um dos fatores mais importantes para minimizar da invasão do filtrado de fluido na rocha reservatório. A contaminação do reservatório pelo filtrado do fluido pode trazer vários problemas operacionais, que serão discutidos nesta dissertação. A eficiência do sistema de fluidos em minimizar a invasão é normalmente avaliada através de ensaios padrão de filtração estática. Neste trabalho dois objetivos centrais são definidos: Identificar os parâmetros operacionais que governam as propriedades permoporosas do reboco externo através de ensaios de filtração estática e disponibilizar uma metodologia para a avaliação da invasão do filtrado do fluido de perfuração na geometria poço-reservatório (escoamento radial), a partir de ensaios de laboratório de filtração estática (escoamento linear). Os resultados indicam que a solução da lei Darcy para o problema de filtração com formação de torta incompressível mostrou - se adequada para grande maioria dos ensaios experimentais com solução de glicerina contendo agentes obturantes. O mesmo não se verificou para ensaios com solução de goma xantana como meio contínuo. Os resultados experimentais obtidos mostraram também que, para uma mesma solução de glicerina contendo agente obturante, os valores de permeabilidade da torta de filtração obtidos na geometria linear e na geometria radial são semelhantes. Desta forma, pode - se validar a metodologia de previsão do grau da invasão de fluidos de perfuração na rocha reservatório (configuração radial) a partir de ensaios convencionais de laboratório (configuração linear).
This work deals with the understanding of the major operational parameters governing filter cake building drilling fluids invasion through reservoir rocks. The ability of the fluid system to prevent invasion is normally evaluated by standardized static filtration experiments. In these tests, the fluid is pressurized through a filter paper or into a consolidated inert porous medium. The volume which crosses the porous core is monitored along the time. Darcy flow modeling of non-compressible cakes proved to reproduce adequately the filtration of a Newtonian fluid + particulate system through ceramic and sinterized steel disks. Pressure differential, particle size and shape proved to be relevant parameters affecting filter cake permeability and porosity. The present study proposes, through the coupling of a linear filtration formulation (lab configuration) and a radial single phase formulation (wellbore vicinity), to predict fluid invasion depth of fluid filtrate in the reservoir rock. Modeling is validated with linear and radial lab tests. The proposed methodology is a requirement for optimum drilling fluid design to be used in the drilling of reservoir sections in both exploratory and development wells.
28
LEITE, Raquel Santos. "Otimização de sistemas de fluidos aquosos altamente inibidos." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/414.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-18T15:15:54Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
RAQUEL SANTOS LEITE - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 1921020 bytes, checksum: 963eb1edee3115174a9a06b4af8c7f59 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T15:15:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL SANTOS LEITE - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 1921020 bytes, checksum: 963eb1edee3115174a9a06b4af8c7f59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27
Os fluidos inibidos são empregados na perfuração de folhelhos hidratáveis para evitar que as argilas encontradas sejam hidratadas e causem prisão de ferramentas. O conhecimento das propriedades de filtração dos fluidos é importante durante a perfuração de poços, uma vez que o controle dessas propriedades garante menos problemas de perfuração e melhora a produtividade dos poços. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar e aperfeiçoar as propriedades de filtração de fluidos aquosos, inibidos com sal de potássio isentos de cloro (citrato de potássio), visando sua aplicação na perfuração de formações argilosas e folhelhos hidratáveis e dispersivos. Para tanto, foram estudados fluidos de perfuração com e sem adição do inibidor citrato de potássio. Foram determinadas as propriedades reológicas (viscosidades aparente (VA) e plástica (VP), limite de escoamento (LE) e força gel (FG)), filtração (volume de filtrado (VF), spurt loss (SL), espessura de reboco (ER) e permeabilidade (k)) e o poder de inibição (ensaios de dispersibilidade e o teste de inibição de bentonita) dos fluidos estudados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos conclui-se que os fluidos estudados apresentaram comportamento pseudoplástico e a adição do citrato de potássio ao fluido não ocasionou mudança no comportamento pseudoplástico dos fluidos. Concluiu-se ainda, que o uso conjunto dos aditivos amido, CMC BV e calcita reduz de forma mais efetiva as propriedades de filtração dos fluidos de perfuração estudados e que as propriedades de filtração dos fluidos inibidos com citrato de potássio foram otimizadas, uma vez que os valores de VF obtidos foram inferiores ao do fluido tido como base. As formulações que apresentaram eficientes propriedades de filtração e inibição foram preparadas com altas concentrações de citrato de potássio. As mesmas apresentaram baixos valores de VF e menores valores de SL.
The inhibited fluids are used in drilling hydratable shales, to prevent found clays to be hydrated and cause stuck tools. The knowledge of the filtration properties of the fluids is important during drilling, since the control of these properties ensures less drilling problems and improves well productivity. This work aimed to study and improve the filtration properties of aqueous fluids inhibited with potassium salt chlorine-free (potassium citrate), for their application in drilling hydratable and dispersive clays and shales. For this purpose, the drilling fluids with and without addition of the inhibitor potassium citrate were studied. It was determined the rheological properties (apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), yield limit (YL) and gel strength (GS)), filtration (filtrate volume (FV), spurt loss (SL), cake thickness (CT) and permeability (k)) and the inhibition power (dispersibility test and the bentonite inhibition test) of the studied fluids. According to the obtained results it was concluded that the study fluids showed pseudoplastic behavior and addition of potassium citrate to the fluid did not cause changes in the pseudoplastic behavior of fluids. It was concluded that the combined use of additives starch, CMC LV and calcite reduces more effectively the filtration properties of drilling fluids studied and the filtration properties of the fluids inhibited with potassium citrate were optimized since the FV values obtained were lower than the considered base fluid. The formulations which showed efficient filtration and inhibition properties were prepared with high concentrations of potassium citrate. They have presented low values of FV and lower values of SL.
29
GRESSEL, MICHAEL GERARD. "COMPARISON OF MIST GENERATION OF FLOOD AND MIST APPLICATION OF METAL WORKING FLUIDS DURING METAL CUTTING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990120958.
Full text
30
Leirkjær, Rune Sørflaten. "Simulating Underbalanced Drilling : Development of a GUI flow simulator to evaluate UBD operations for aerated fluids and foams." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25585.
Full textAbstract:
As more oil fields mature, new methods are required to be able to drill additional wells without damaging thereservoir and to limit pressure related drilling problems. This can in most cases be solved by drillingunderbalanced, intentionally lowering the pressure below the reservoir pressure, allowing the well to flow.Systems available to drill underbalanced include; air, gas, mist, stable foam, foam with back-pressure, aerated mudand oils.The thesis focuses mainly on foam drilling and drilling with aerated systems. Both systems are pneumatic drillingfluids, this means they are a mixture of a liquid- and a gas phase. The main difference between foam and aeratedsystems is how the fluid structure is built up.When drilling with aerated fluids, no emulsifier or stabilization agent is added to the fluid, so the gas phase willnormally travel faster than the liquid phase due to gravitational forces. Foams are added foaming agents so thatthe fluid system remains stable by trapping the gas bubbles inside a liquid film, making the fluid act as normal onephaseflow. The thesis explains the theory behind, usage, design and operational procedures for these fluidsystems.In this master thesis an advanced fluid simulator was developed in MATLAB to simulate drilling with these fluids,and to design operational limits in the planning phase. The finished program is presented in a graphical interfacewhich easily allows the user to run even complex simulations regarding; well path, reservoir model, tubular- andfluid design.For the two-phase flow modeling eight different empirical pressure correlations were implemented in thesimulator. The first two-phase flow model described in the literature on flow modeling, was developed byPoettmann & Carpenter, and is one of the simplest models available. This model was included in two versions.Besides this model, two other models are included from each of the three main categories; neither slippage norflow regimes considered, only slippage considered, and; both slippage and flow regimes considered. The modelsthat consider both slippage and flow regimes, such as Beggs & Brill, are complex models which require muchcomputational force. However these models will often produce very reliable results.For foam modeling, six different empirical viscosity models were implemented. Einstein was the first to describefoam rheology mathematically, and his model is the simplest model included in the simulator. Some of the simplermodels included in the simulator produces output with much uncertainty, however more complex models such asSanghani produce more trustworthy results.Multiple simulations were run for foam and aerated system utilizing these models with a large range of varyinginputs. The results from simulations proved to provide reliable outputs, with deviations well within the expectedrange.
31
Zhang, Gengxin. "Geomicrobial Processes and Diversity in Ultra-High Pressure Metamorphic Rocks and Deep Fluids from Chinese Continental Scientific Deep Drilling." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1165003593.
Full text
32
Caetano, André Luiz Araújo. "Influência da variação granulométrica de argilas bentoníticas no comportamento reológico e de filtração de fluidos de perfuração base água." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/450.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T12:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
arquivototal.pdf: 1676391 bytes, checksum: 8c1712b1a1b20bab712cd61fd62f5650 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-02-28Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The physical characteristics as particle size distribution, density, shape, specific surface area and surface roughness affects the rheological behavior of dispersions. The objective of this work is to study the influence of particle size variation of bentonite clay used as viscosifying agents in water based drilling fluids, the rheological and filtration properties. For both six bentonite clays from deposits in Boa Vista, PB, which were prepared for physical and mineralogical characterization were selected. Then, they were crushed and sieved into different sieve ABNT N° 80, 200 and 325 (180, 75 and 45 μm), being determined from the particle size distribution by laser diffraction their dispersions and then treatment performed with a solution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3 ) determining the rheological and filtration properties of their aqueous dispersions. We also evaluated the influence of two different curing conditions on the transformations performed on the polycationic bentonite with sodium in their rheological properties. Clays had physical and mineralogical characteristics typical of bentonite clays. The variation of the openings of the sieves influenced, in general, only the accumulated mass below 2 μm who showed greater for sieve clays in the opening 45 μm and all size analysis showed monomodal distribution. It was observed that, in general, the decrease in average particle diameter and increase in cumulative weight below 2 μm, VA is decreased. It was not possible to generalize the influence given by the size of the particles in the VP and VF. The curing time longer possible to clays which had accumulated mass lower than 2 μm (clay) higher to obtain dispersions with thixotropic characteristics and higher and lower values of VA and VP. It was not possible to generalize the influence of curing time in VF. The fine particles of bentonite have great tendency to form agglomerates hindering the analysis of the actual particle size and its relation to the rheological properties.
As características físicas das partículas como distribuição granulométrica, densidade, formato, área superficial específica e rugosidade superficial afetam o comportamento reológico de dispersões. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a influência da variação granulométrica de argilas bentoníticas utilizadas como agentes viscosificantes em fluidos de perfuração base água, nas propriedades reológicas e de filtração. Para tanto, foram selecionadas seis argilas bentoníticas provenientes de jazidas do município de Boa Vista, PB, que foram preparadas para caracterização física e mineralógica. Em seguida foram moídas e peneiradas em diferentes peneiras ABNT n° 80, 200 e 325 (180, 75 e 45 μm), sendo determinadas as distribuições granulométricas de suas dispersões por difração laser e posteriormente realizado o tratamento com solução de carbonato de sódio (Na2CO3) determinando-se as propriedades reológicas e de filtração de suas dispersões aquosas. Também foi verificada a influência de duas diferentes condições de cura realizadas nas transformações das bentonitas policatiônicas em sódicas em suas propriedades reológicas. As argilas apresentaram características físicas e mineralógicas típicas de argilas bentoníticas. A variação das aberturas das peneiras influenciou, em geral, apenas na massa acumulada abaixo de 2 μm que se apresentou maior para as argilas peneiradas na abertura de 45 μm e todas as análises granulométricas apresentaram distribuição monomodal. Observou-se que, em geral, com a diminuição no diâmetro médio das partículas e aumento na massa acumulada abaixo de 2 μm, ocorre diminuição na VA. Não foi possível generalizar a influência apresentada pelo tamanho de partículas na VP e no VF. O tempo de cura maior possibilita, para as argilas que apresentaram massas acumuladas abaixo de 2 μm (fração argila) mais elevadas, a obtenção de dispersões com características tixotrópicas e com maiores VA e menores valores de VP. Não foi possível generalizar a influência do tempo de cura no VF. As partículas finas de bentonitas apresentam grande tendência em formar aglomerados dificultando a análise do real tamanho de partículas e sua relação com as propriedades reológicas.
33
Ibeh, Chijioke Stanley. "Investigation on the effects of ultra-high pressure and temperature on the rheological properties of oil-based drilling fluids." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2569.
Full text
34
Bezerra, Evilene Matias. "Estudo do controle de poço considerando-se o comportamento de fases da mistura gás-líquido." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263132.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Paulo Roberto RibeiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T20:47:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bezerra_EvileneMatias_M.pdf: 21888888 bytes, checksum: a4a5d951f2e84456bcf3994127860284 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Durante a operação de perfuração com fluidos base óleo, particularmente fluidos orgànicos, o entendimento do comportamento da mistura fluido de perfuração e fluido invasor (numa situação de kick) é de suma importância para o controle do poço. Especialmente na situação de um kick de gás, a detecção do influxo e a previsão de pressões no poço e da distribuição de fases (líquida e gasosa) durante a circulação, são bastante dificultadas quando se utilizam fluidos orgânicos. No presente trabalho foram realizados dois estudos: i) modelagem termodinâmica de misturas multicomponentes e ii) modelagem do controle de poço, utilizando-se os resultados referentes ao comportamento de fases de misturas gás-liquido. O modelo termodinâmico se baseou na equação de estado de Peng-Robinson, trabalhando-se com regras de mistura e parâmetros de interação binária através de um método de contribuição de grupo. A validação da modelagem termodinâmica foi feita através da comparação de resultados obtidos com dados da literatura. O modelo para estudo do controle de poços utilizou a modelagem termodinâmica desenvolvida, o que permitiu a previsão de pressões e de volumes no interior do poço, durante a circulação de um kick de metano. O efeito da solubilidade do gás no fluido de perfuração durante detecção e circulação do influxo foi realizada através de uma análise de sensibilidade de parâmetros
Abstract: During drilling operations with oil based fluids, particularly organic fluids. the understanding of the behavior of the invading and drilling fluid (during a kick situation) is a very important issue. Specially in a gas kick occurrence, kick detection. Pressure and volume prediction, as well as phase distribution (liquid and gas) during influx circulation, are more difficult to evaluate when synthetic fluids are applied. ln the present work two studies have were performed: i) thermodynamic modeling of multi-component mixtures; and ii) well control simulation applying the gas-liquid phase behavior results. The thermodynamic model was based in Peng-Robinson EOS, working with mixing rules and binary interaction parameters through a group contribution method. The validation of the thermodynamic modeling was performed by comparison of the computed results with published data for various gas-liquid mixtures The developed well control simulator applied the PVT modeling, what allowed the prediction of wellbore pressure and volumes during the methane kick circulation out of the hole. The study of the effect of gas solubility in the drilling fluid was conducted by a parameter sensitivity analysis
Mestrado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Mestra em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
35
Shiroma, Priscila Hiromi. "Estudo do comportamento reológico de suspensões aquosas de bentonita e CMC: influência da concentração do NaCl." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-10062013-152743/.
Full textAbstract:
O sucesso da conclusão de um poço por perfuração e o custo do projeto estão relacionados às propriedades dos fluidos de perfuração. O estudo experimental foi realizado a partir da determinação e análise das curvas de tensão de cisalhamento versus taxa de deformação de suspensões aquosas de bentonita e carboximetilcelulose com diferentes concentrações de NaCl. Investigou-se, inicialmente, o comportamento reológico de suspensões de carboximetilcelulose 0,5% (em massa) com concentrações de sal, NaCl de 0 a 4% (em massa), para temperaturas variando de 14 a 26ºC. Os resultados experimentais possibilitam a caracterização reológica destas soluções como fluidos pseudoplásticos e indicam que a adição de NaCl em soluções com CMC alteram significativamente o comportamento reológico desse tipo de solução. Numa segunda etapa, estudou-se o comportamento reológico de suspensões de bentonita e carboximetilcelulose em diferentes concentrações de sal, NaCl. Empregaram-se soluções contendo 4,8 % de bentonita, 0,5 % de carboximetilcelulose e concentrações de 0 a 4% de NaCl. Constata-se o comportamento tixotrópico destas suspensões e a forte dependência com a concentração de sal. O estudo foi complementado com uma análise comparativa dos resultados do comportamento reológico obtidos por reômetro de cilindros coaxiais modelo Brookfield e o viscosímetro FANN 35 A, usualmente empregado na análise de fluidos de perfuração. O equacionamento do escoamento do fluido nos aparelhos permitiu uma interpretação mais detalhada dos valores descritos na norma, obtendo-se uma equivalência dos valores medidos em campo com os obtidos no reômetro Brookfield apesar de as faixas de operação de taxas de deformação serem distintas.The properties of drilling fluids have a very significant effect on the successful of a well completion and the project costs. The experimental study was conducted based on the determination and analysis of the curves of shear stress and shear rate of aqueous suspensions composed of bentonite and carboxymetil cellulose at different concentrations of NaCl. The rheological behaviour of carboxymetil cellulose suspensions 0.5% w/w at NaCl concentrations in the range of 0 to 4% w/w from 14 to 26°C was studied. The experimental results allow the rheological characterization of these solutions as pseudoplastic fluid. It was observed that the addition of NaCl to CMC solutions changes its rheological behaviour significantly. In addition, the rheological behaviour of 4,8% bentonite suspensions with 0,5% carboxymethyl cellulose at different concentrations of NaCl in the range of 0 to 4% was studied. The characterization of these solutions showed thixotropic behaviour and a strong dependence on the salt concentration. The study was complemented with a comparative analysis of the results obtained by using a coaxial cylinders rheometer model Brookfield and the FANN Model 35 A viscometer, usually employed in drilling fluids analysis. The analytical solutions allowed a more detailed interpretation of the values described in the standard resulting in an equivalence between the measured values obtained in the field and in the Brookfield rheometer despite the differents shear rate ranges.
36
Monteiro, Eduardo Nascimento. "Estudo do comportamento PVT de misturas de metano e fluidos de perfuração base N-parafina." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263086.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Paulo Roberto RibeiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Intituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T15:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monteiro_EduardoNascimento_M.pdf: 16240698 bytes, checksum: 5bca1c01db0a9ae851bdb07bd2770078 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O estudo da interação entre o gás da formação produtora e o fluido de perfuração durante as operações é essencial para perfuração de cada fase do poço de forma segura e econômica. Aspectos ambientais e técnicos peculiares à perfuração em águas profundas e ultra profundas exigem o uso de fluidos de perfuração sintéticos, de baixa toxicidade. O principal objetivo, deste trabalho foi o estudo do comportamento PVT desses fluidos através da determinação experimental e modelagem de propriedades termodínâmicas, tais como solubilidade, densidade e fator volume de formação dos fluidos. Estas propriedades têm um impacto importante na detecção e circulação de um kick e devem ser consideradas no planejamento e execução do controle do poço. Os resultados experimentais foram obtidos em uma célula PVT pressurizada por injeção de mercúrio e com um limite operacional de 177°C e 70 MPa. O gás utilizado foi o metano e os líquidos foram emulsões e fluidos não adensados à base de n-parafina, testados a 70°C, 90 °C e 150°C. Os efeitos da temperatura e da composição do fluido foram analisados e os resultados experimentais para solubilidade e fator volume de formação foram comparados com predições baseadas na hipótese da aditividade e ajustes matemáticos nos resultados experimentais. Alguns exemplos de cálculo do volume ganho no tanque usando as expressões analíticas obtidas são discutidos.
Abstract: The study of the interaction between the formation gas and the drilling fluid during the operations is essential to safely and economically drill each phase of the well. The environmental regulatory issues and the peculiar technical aspects involved in deep and ultradeep waters require low toxicity' synthetic drilling fluids. The main objective ofthis study was to understand the PVT behavior of those fluids by the experimental determination and modeling of thermody'pamic properties such as: solubility, specific gravity and formation volume factor of the fluids. Those properties have a direct impact on kick detection and circulation out of the well, what sb.ould be addressed in wellcontrol planning and execution. The experimental data were obtained by means of a PVT cell pressurized by mercury injection with an operating capacity of 177 °C and 70 MPa. The gas used was methane and the liquids were n-paraffin based emulsions and unweighted drilling fluids, tested at 70 °C, 90 °C and 150 °c. The temperature and fluid composition influences had been analyzed and the experimental data for solubility and formation volume factor have been compared with predictions considering the additivity hypothesis and mathematical fittings based in the experimental data. Some pit gain calculation examples using the analytical expressions obtained are also discussed.
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
37
Lima, Neto Epaminondas Gonzaga 1989. "Comportamento PVT de misturas de dióxido de carbono em emulsões base n-parafina." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265928.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Paulo Roberto RibeiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T14:14:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LimaNeto_EpaminondasGonzaga_M.pdf: 3589611 bytes, checksum: e5bb12837c541392cc224ea75b48dc4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: O cenário das perfurações de poços de petróleo vem mudando ao longo do tempo. Tanto pela necessidade do suprimento da demanda crescente por petróleo e gás quanto pela queda na produção de campos maduros, a perfuração de poços tem se deparado com ambientes mais agressivos a cada dia: maiores temperaturas, maiores pressões, maior afastamento em relação à costa e ambientes quimicamente mais hostis. A presença considerável de dióxido de carbono - CO2 - nos reservatórios aponta para uma maior preocupação na perfuração de poços em tais formações uma vez que, se esse componente adentra ao poço numa situação de kick, sua interação com a lama de perfuração pode alterar características importantes desse fluido, tais como: densidade, viscosidade e acidez. Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o comportamento PVT de sistemas contendo CO2 e líquidos com composição similar aos fluidos de perfuração à base de óleo: n-parafina pura e emulsão inversa. Foram realizados um estudo experimental de tais sistemas, uma simulação computacional, uma análise estatística dos dados obtidos para esse sistema com o intuito de avaliar as melhores correlações matemáticas para representação dos dados experimentais e aplicações de tais correlações em exemplos de controle de poço. Os resultados experimentais mostram que a simulação consegue reproduzir bem os dados experimentais (desvios de até 16%), apenas subestimando-os em frações molares de CO2 mais elevadas. Comparando os dados para o CO2, obtidos neste trabalho, com dados para o metano, obtidos da literatura, observa-se que o sistema contendo CO2 apresenta, dentre outras características, maior fator de formação de volume e solubilidade até 15 vezes maior que o sistema contendo metano. Por fim, ao examinar os exemplos de controle de poço, percebe-se que quanto maior é o teor de CO2 no sistema, maior é o valor do pit gain, tornando a presença de CO2 no sistema favorável à detecção do kick
Abstract: The scenario of oil and gas well drilling has been changing over the years. Not only because the need of supplying the increasing demand for petroleum and gas but also due to the decrease on the production of mature fields, well drilling has been constantly facing aggressive environments: higher temperatures, higher pressures, higher offshore distances and hazardous chemical environments. The presence of carbon dioxide - CO2 - on reservoirs leads to a concern on well drilling in these formations because the entrance of this gas into the well, in a kick situation, and its interaction with the drilling fluid can change important characteristics of this fluid such as: density, viscosity and acidity. This work aims to evaluate the PVT behavior of the systems containing CO2 and liquids similar to the ones used as base for oil-based drilling fluids: n-paraffin and inverse emulsion. An experimental study of these systems, a computational simulation, a statistical analysis of the data acquired aiming to evaluate the best mathematical correlations to represent these data and applications of these correlations were carried out. The experimental results show that the simulation can reproduce satisfactorily the experimental data (deviations up to 16%), only underestimating them at higher CO2 molar fractions. When comparing the data for CO2, obtained in this work, and the ones for methane, obtained from literature, it is possible to notice that the system containing CO2 has, among other characteristics, higher oil volume formation factor and solubility 15 times greater than the system containing methane. Finally, by examining well control examples, one can notice that the pit gain assumes higher values as the CO2 content increases making the presence of CO2 in the system favorable to kick detection
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
38
Magalh?es, Marcio Osvaldo Lima. "Din?mica do b?rio em solos contaminados por res?duos oriundos da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1222.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-28T13:47:04Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2011- Marcio Osvaldo Lima Magalhaes.pdf: 4632406 bytes, checksum: 8ccefc16f724417fcb426aaf9aac9f4a (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T13:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- Marcio Osvaldo Lima Magalhaes.pdf: 4632406 bytes, checksum: 8ccefc16f724417fcb426aaf9aac9f4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-19
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Despite the known problems caused by the by-products generated from the exploration of oil, this activity will be a part of our reality for the next 50 years. The oil drilling and exploration industry creates a substantial amount of waste that, if not adequately disposed of, could cause environmental problems. One of the main contaminates found in the waste related to oil drilling is the element barium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contamination of soil containing barium, its impact on the growth of rice plants (Orysa sativa) and potential risk of contaminating groundwater. This paper was divided into four chapters. The goal of the first chapter was to evaluate the spatial variability of barium levels found in former oil well drilling waste disposal sites. For this study, soil was collected from georeferenced points, analyzed in terms of its pseudo total levels, and prepared for the geochemical fractionation of barium, classifying the material in accordance with resolution 420 of CONAMA [Brazilian National Counsel on the Environment] (2009). In the second chapter, the effect of redox potential in soil on the mobility and absorption of barium by rice, having barium sulfate P.A. as the element?s source, was assessed. The effect was evaluated by performing rice culture pot and column leaching tests. The aim of the third chapter was the characterization and traceability of heavy metals in waste generated during the recovery of oil well drilling fluids. The waste was collected during the drilling of well 7-MGP-98D-BA, where the material was separated by composite sample, based on depth and equipment. In the fourth chapter, the effects of redox potential in soil interaction and heavy metals coming from the waste generated from onshore oil well drilling were analyzed. This chapter was similar to chapter two, with the main difference being the waste generated from well 7-MGP-98D-BA, which supplied the source of barium. The waste materials selected were those that displayed the lowest levels of arsenic, cadmium, barium, lead, and sodium. The obtained results showed that waste generated from oil well drilling contains high levels of barium, and that when disposed of in soil can significantly contribute to site contamination, having used the guiding values of CONAMA (2009) as a reference. As such, the barium present in this area was in the form of low solubility, as evidenced by the geochemical fractionation of the element. It was also observed that the conditions of low values of redox potential (-200 mV) promoted an increase of barium in fractions of greater mobility, causing major losses of the element by leaching, and increased absorption by plants. Among the studied waste materials, the waste from the dehydrator and the centrifuge 1 presented high levels of sodium as its greatest limitation, which affected the development of plants.
Apesar da verifica??o de problemas ocasionados pelo uso de produtos gerados a partir da explora??o do petr?leo, essa atividade ? uma realidade nos pr?ximos 50 anos. A industria de perfura??o e explora??o de petr?leo ? uma atividade que gera muitos residuos que, caso dispostos de forma inadequada, podem ocasionar problemas ambientais. Um dos principais contaminantes relacionados aos res?duos de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo ? o elemento b?rio. A proposta desse estudo foi de avaliar a contamina??o dos solos com b?rio e seu impacto no desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz (Orysa sativa) e o risco de contamina??o do len?ol fre?tico. Para isso o trabalho foi dividido em quatro cap?tulos. O primeiro cap?tulo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos teores de b?rio em antiga ?rea de disposi??o de res?duo de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo. Nesse estudo foram coletados solos em pontos georreferenciados e analisados quanto aos teores pseudototais e feito o fracionamento geoqu?mico do b?rio, classificando o material de acordo com a resolu??o 420 do Conama (2009). No segunto cap?tulo foi avaliado o efeito do potencial redox do solo na mobilidade e absor??o de b?rio por arroz, tendo como fonte do elelmento o sulfato de b?rio P.A. Esse efeito foi avaliado atrav?s de ensaios em vasos com cultivo de arroz e em colunas de lixivia??o. O terceiro cap?tulo teve como objetivo a caracteriza??o e rastreabilidade de metais pesados em res?duos gerados na recupera??o do fluido de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo. O res?duo foi coletado durante a perfura??o do po?o 7-MGP-98D-BA, onde os materiais foram separados em amostras compostas em fun??o da profundidade e do equipamento. No quarto cap?tulo foi analisado o efeito do potencial redox na intera??o solo e metais pesados provenientes de res?duos oriundos da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo ?onshore?. Esse cap?tulo foi semelhante ao cap?tulo 2, diferindo principalmente na fonte de b?rio que foi o res?duo gerado no po?o 7-MGP-98D-BA. Os res?duos selecionados foram os que apresentaram como os mais restrit?vos com rela??o aos teores de ars?nio, c?dmio, b?rio, chumbo e s?dio. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os res?duos oriundos da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo possuem altos teores de b?rio, que quando dispostos nos solos podem contribuir significativamente para a contamina??o das ?reas, tendo como refer?ncia os valores orientadores do Conama (2009). Entretanto, o b?rio presente nessa ?rea estava sob forma de baixa solubilidade, evidenciada pelo fracionamento geoqu?mico do elemento. Tamb?m foi observado que a condi??o de baixos valores de potencial redox (-200 mV) promoveu o aumento do b?rio nas fra??es de maior mobilidade, ocasionando maiores perdas do elemento por lixivia??o e maior absor??o pelas plantas. Dentre os res?duos estudados, os res?duos do secador e da centr?fuga 1 apresentaram como maior limita??o os altos teores de s?dio, o que afetou o desenvolvimento das plantas.
39
Ghosn, Ramy. "Stabilisation des Fluides de Forage de Type Pickering Pour Applications dans les Forages Profonds et Ultra-Profonds." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLY022/document.
Full textAbstract:
La situation durable de volatilité des prix du pétrole est considérée à la fois comme une menace et un défi par l'industrie pétrolière. Au cours de cette crise, les compagnies pétrolières ont l’opportunité de se recentrer sur la recherche de solutions de production rentables, ce qui implique souvent l’apport des nouvelles technologies, en plus de l'amélioration des processus.Ce travail présente une avancée pour la synthèse d’une nouvelle génération de fluides de forage pétrolier sans surfactants/émulsifiants pour des applications dans le forage des puits profonds et ultra profonds. Cette nouvelle génération repose sur l’introduction des émulsions de Pickering dans la formulation des fluides de forage. Ces dernières sont des émulsions stabilisées uniquement par des particules solides (dans ce cas des particules de silice). Différents types de nano particules de silice de différentes hydrophobicités ont été utilisées pour stabiliser des fluides de forage de types huile-dans-eau et eau-dans-huile. Ces fluides ont été conçus pour être utilisés dans des conditions hostiles de température et de pression. Par conséquent, une caractérisation expérimentale de leur stabilité ainsi que de leurs propriétés rhéologiques sous ces conditions extrêmes étaient nécessaires. Au cours de ce travail, les profils rhéologiques de ces fluides reflétant leurs capacités de nettoyage du puits, leur coulabilité ainsi que leurs capacités à transporter les débris jusqu'à la surface, ont été établis. D’autre part, la stabilité électrique des émulsions ainsi que leur morphologie (distribution de taille des gouttelettes) ont été étudiées et une comparaison avec celles stabilisées par des agents tensioactifs a été établie. Les fluides ont été exposés à un processus de vieillissement qui permet d’étudier l'effet de l'environnement du réservoir hostile sur la stabilité et la rhéologie des nouveaux fluides préparés. Ces fluides de haute qualité se sont révélés très fiables, offrant une grande stabilité et une capacité à résister à des conditions extrêmes de réservoir. Ils représentent une nouvelle génération de fluides de forage ouvrant la voie à une exploitation optimisée de réservoirs profonds et ultra profondsThis enduring situation of volatile oil prices has been seen as a decline and a challenge at the same time for the oil and gas industry. It is during this slump that the oil and gas companies own the opportunity to focus on cost-effective production solutions, which very often means bringing new technologies and further improving processes.This work presents a novel frontier of surfactant-free drilling and completion fluids for deep and ultra-deep wells. This new generation of drilling fluids is based on the principle of Pickering emulsions (emulsions stabilized solely by solid nano particles). Hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica nano particles were used to stabilize Oil-Based Mud and Water-Based Mud. These fluids were designed to be used under hostile conditions of temperature and pressure. Therefore, a concrete characterization of their stability as well as their rheological properties under HTHP conditions was mandatory. Rheological profiles reflecting the flowability, hole cleaning capacity as well as cutting transport ability of the fluids were established. On the other hand, the electrical stability as well as the morphology (Droplet Size Distribution) of the emulsions were studied and compared with surfactant-stabilized drilling fluids. The fluids were submitted to an aging process allowing one to study the effect of hostile reservoir environment on the stability and rheology of the new fluids prepared.These high quality fluids were seen very reliable offering high stability as well as high capacity to withstand extreme reservoir conditions giving rise to a new generation of drilling fluids allowing breaking the frontiers of deep and ultra-deep reservoirs
40
Micheli, Paola. "Assessment of available technologies for treatment of drilling cuttings considering economical and geographical conditions." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is to outline why hydrocarbons still so important nowadays and how to manage the environmental impact in a sustainable way, in particular the management and disposal of the waste stream of drilling cuttings.
The paper present the importance of the Oil and Gas sector, the petroleum generation, the Oil and Gas exploitation and production and the waste stream generated by it with a particular focus on drilling muds and drilling cuttings.
An analysis among the different types drilling muds (i.e. drilling fluids) in particular on the oil-based (OBM) one has been performed because of the important environmental impact and the consequently waste management needed. Among the different possible technologies have been analyzed in detail the more reliable one according with the economical, legal and environmental constrains. The chosen technologies are Solidification/Stabilization (S/S), Composting (bio-pile technology), Thermal desorption, Cement Plant AFR (Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials and Eko/grid technology.
A business plan has been implemented to understand which one between those technologies is the more suitable in some possible different scenarios where the main driver take in account are local actual economical, social and political situation, law limits, logistic and duration of the project
Ten different cases have been studied, two different scenarios for each of the five chosen technologies.
The two different chosen scenarios are Europe and North Africa
The results presented shall be taken as an exercise the demonstrate how to approach a new business in the field of Drilling Waste Management (DWM) and calculate a DWM Company start-up costs and finance required and a basic P&L (Profit & Loss).
The business plan model in the way has been implemented can be used to assess quickly the convenience of one technology with respect another for a Start Up company or can be a tool used for assessing a new investment linked to a project.
41
Kim, Nilo Ricardo 1962. "Estudo do comportamento PVT de misturas de metano e fluidos de perfuração base éster." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265558.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Paulo Roberto RibeiroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Campinas e Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T17:51:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kim_NiloRicardo_D.pdf: 2190309 bytes, checksum: 800a179162b994dcdbb3d67d40a0605a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Durante uma perfuração convencional, a pressão dentro do poço deve ser sempre maior do que a pressão de poros do reservatório, sob pena da possibilidade de haver um kick, que é a invasão indesejada de fluidos da formação para o poço. Procedimentos inadequados durante a circulação do influxo para fora do poço podem levar a um blowout, ou seja, uma erupção descontrolada dos fluidos da formação. Condições especiais encontradas em águas profundas e ultraprofundas, cenários onde as grandes reservas brasileiras de óleo e gás estão localizadas, demandam o uso de fluidos de perfuração de base sintética devido a características técnicas como baixa toxicidade, alta lubricidade e pouca interação com a formação. Por outro lado, o gás do reservatório se dissolve no fluido de perfuração, tornando as operações de controle de poço muito mais complexas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi entender o comportamento PVT de misturas de metano, principal componente do gás natural, com emulsões de éster, um composto orgânico utilizado como base sintética para fluidos de perfuração, através da determinação experimental de propriedades como o ponto de bolha, a solubilidade, a massa específica e o fator de formação de volume, nas regiões saturada e subsaturada. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em um aparato de última geração, cuja principal característica é a visualização do fluido de teste, sob condições de alta temperatura, até 130 °C e alta pressão, até 103 MPa, encontradas no fundo do poço. Um procedimento original de enriquecimento de gás permitiu cobrir os intervalos de temperatura, pressão e concentração de metano com um único teste de longa duração, a partir de certa quantidade de líquido. Os resultados experimentais nas regiões de bolha e orvalho no envelope de fases foram modelados com a equação de estado de Peng-Robinson e uma discussão sobre o comportamento termodinâmico do sistema foi realizada. O presente trabalho estende os limites dos bancos de dados de propriedades termodinâmicas de sistemas metano-éster, além de proporcionar respostas para alguns problemas de controle de poço, encontrados quando a perfuração utilizar emulsões base éster.
Abstract: During conventional drilling operations, it is necessary to maintain the wellbore pressure greater than the reservoir pore pressure, otherwise a kick may occur. If the well control procedure is not effective during the circulation of the formation influx out of the well, a blowout could happen, which is a dangerous event concerning safety and environmental issues. Special conditions in deep and ultra deep water, scenarios where large Brazilian oil and gas reserves are located, demand for synthetic based drilling fluids because of technical characteristics such as toxicity, lubricity and shale inhibition. On the other hand, the formation gas will dissolve in the drilling fluid, making the well control operations much more complex. Methane is the major component of natural gas, while ester is an organic compound, used as the base of synthetic drilling fluids. The knowledge of the thermodynamic behavior of such gas-liquid mixtures under wellbore pressure and temperature conditions is very important for drilling operations and scientific purposes. The main objective of the present work is to understand the PVT behavior of methane and ester based drilling emulsions by experimental determination of bubble point, solubility, density and formation volume factor of the saturated and sub-saturated fluid mixture. PVT experiments were conducted on a last generation apparatus, whose main feature is the visualization of the sample fluid, under high pressure and high temperature testing conditions. Experimental tests were run up to 130 °C and up to pressures of 103 MPa. An original gas enrichment procedure was devised to cover temperature, pressure and methane concentration range with a long term, single liquid amount test. Experimental results in the bubble and dew region of the phase envelope were modeled with Peng-Robinson equation and a comprehensive discussion about the thermodynamic behavior of the system was pursued. The present work will enlarge the limited thermodynamic properties database about methane - ester system that is available in the literature and furnish scientific answers to the well control problems encountered when drilling with ester based emulsions.
Doutorado
Explotação
Doutor em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
42
Braga, Eduardo Rangel. "Estudo do Escoamento de Fluidos de Perfura??o em Dutos e em Regi?es Anulares." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1905.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-25T14:24:04Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2009 - Eduardo Rangel Braga.pdf: 1956266 bytes, checksum: ae6382d24285821071b6ba5bbba30198 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T14:24:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Eduardo Rangel Braga.pdf: 1956266 bytes, checksum: ae6382d24285821071b6ba5bbba30198 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-29
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil.
The need for technological advances in the operation of drilling wells for oil has encouraged the research and development of drilling fluids, like the study of the its flowing in different geometries. On this work is studied the flow of two drilling fluids in pipe and annular tube with the objective to evaluate rheological models that describe the fluid behavior, to characterize the flow regimes using the experimental method and compare with correlations found in literature, to evaluate equations of hydraulic diameter found in the literature, to evaluate correlations of friction factor in the turbulent regime and to propose new correlations for the friction factor in turbulent regime. The data are obtained in a pilot plant consisting of a system operating in closed circuit of 6 meters composed of horizontal tubes made of galvanized iron, arranged in three parallel lines of independent flows that allow the measurement of friction loss caused by a circular tube of 1" of diameter and by two ratios of concentric annular tubes (annulus formed by 2" and 3/4 "and 1 1/4" and 1/2"). The system consists of a tank with a capacity of 500 liters, with a mechanical stirrer, connected to a positive displacement pump of helical type with 25HP, operating with volumetric flow up to 20m3/h. The pilot plant is instrumented with a set of three transducers of pressure. The rheology of the fluid is evaluated with the aid of a FANN viscometer, model 35A. The rheological models used are the power law and Casson. The results show that the choice of equations of hydraulic diameter and friction factor are dependent on the geometry of flow and the rheological model used, showing that should be analyzed separately. The new correlations of friction factor for turbulent regime generate good results.
A necessidade de avan?os tecnol?gicos na opera??o de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo tem incentivado a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de fluidos de perfura??o, assim como o estudo do escoamento dos mesmos em geometrias distintas. Neste trabalho ? estudado o escoamento de dois fluidos de perfura??o em tubos e dutos anulares, com o objetivo de avaliar modelos reol?gicos que descrevam o comportamento do fluido, caracterizar os regimes de escoamento utilizando m?todo experimental e comparar com correla??es encontradas na literatura, avaliar equa??es de di?metro hidr?ulico encontradas na literatura, avaliar correla??es de fator de atrito no regime turbulento e propor novas correla??es para o fator de atrito no regime turbulento. Os dados s?o obtidos em uma unidade piloto constitu?da de um sistema operando em circuito fechado de 6 metros de extens?o horizontal composto de tubos de ferro galvanizado, dispostos em tr?s linhas paralelas de escoamento independentes que permitem a avalia??o da perda de carga ocasionada em um tubo circular de 1" de di?metro e em duas raz?es de anulares conc?ntricos (?nulo formado pelos tubos de 2" e 3/4", e 1 1/4" e ?"). O sistema ? composto de um tanque com capacidade de 500 litros, dotado de um agitador mec?nico, conectado a uma bomba de deslocamento positivo do tipo helicoidal de 25HP, operando com vaz?es de at? 20m3/h. A unidade piloto ? instrumentada com um conjunto de tr?s transdutores de press?o. A reologia do fluido ? avaliada com o aux?lio de um viscos?metro FANN, modelo 35A. Os modelos reol?gicos adotados s?o o da pot?ncia e Casson. Os resultados revelam que a escolha das equa??es de di?metro hidr?ulico e fator de atrito s?o dependentes da geometria do escoamento e do modelo reol?gico utilizado, devendo ser analisados separadamente. As novas correla??es de fator de atrito para o regime turbulento geram bons resultados.
43
Melo, Klismeryane Costa de. "Avalia??o e modelagem reol?gica de fluido de perfura??o base ?gua." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15751.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
klismeryaneCM.pdf: 1762215 bytes, checksum: 0f44499c3657d68cb30deaeefdc7e534 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-09-12The determination of the rheology of drilling fluids is of fundamental importance to select the best composition and the best treatment to be applied in these fluids. This work presents a study of the rheological behavior of some addictives used as viscosifiers in water-based drilling fluids. The evaluated addictives were: Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Xanthan gum (GX), and Bentonite. The main objective was to rheologically characterize suspensions composed by these addictives, by applying mathematical models for fluid flow behavior, in order to determine the best flow equation to represent the system, as well as the model parameters. The mathematical models applied in this research were: the Bingham Model, the Ostwald de Wale Model, and the Herschel-Bulkley Model. A previous study of hydration time for each used addictive was accomplished seeking to evaluate the effect of polymer and clay hydration on rheological behavior of the fluid. The rheological characterization was made through typical rheology experiments, using a coaxial cylinder viscosimeter, where the flow curves and the thixotropic magnitude of each fluid was obtained. For each used addictive the rheological behavior as a function of temperature was also evaluated as well as fluid stability as a function of the concentration and kind of addictive used. After analyses of results, mixtures of polymer and clay were made seeking to evaluate the rheological modifications provided by the polymer incorporation in the water + bentonite system. The obtained results showed that the Ostwald de Waale model provided the best fit for fluids prepared using CMC and for fluids with Xanthan gum and Bentonite the best fit was given by the Herschel-Bulkley one
A determina??o do comportamento reol?gico dos fluidos de perfura??o ? de fundamental import?ncia para se determinar a melhor composi??o e o melhor tratamento a ser aplicado nesses fluidos. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o comportamento reol?gico de aditivos utilizados como viscosificantes em fluidos de perfura??o de base ?gua. Os aditivos de estudo deste trabalho foram a Carboximetilcelulose (CMC), a Goma Xantana (GX) e a Bentonita. O objetivo principal foi caracterizar reologicamente suspens?es compostas por esses aditivos, atrav?s da aplica??o de modelos matem?ticos para comportamento de fluxo de fluido, a fim de se determinar a melhor equa??o de fluxo que representa o sistema, bem como os par?metros de modelo. Os modelos matem?ticos aplicados foram o modelo de Bingham, o de Ostwald de Waale e o de Herschel-Bulkley. A fim de se verificar o efeito da hidrata??o dos pol?meros e da argila na reologia do fluido realizou-se um estudo pr?vio do tempo de hidrata??o de cada aditivo. A caracteriza??o reol?gica foi realizada atrav?s de ensaios de reologia, utilizando sistema de cilindros coaxiais, onde se obteve as curvas de fluxo e a magnitude tixotr?pica de cada fluido. A reologia foi avaliada, tamb?m, em fun??o da temperatura para cada um dos aditivos utilizados. Foi realizado, ainda, ensaios de estabilidade em fun??o da concentra??o e do aditivo utilizado. Ap?s an?lises de resultados misturas de pol?mero e argila foram formuladas com o objetivo de avaliar as modifica??es reol?gicas proporcionadas pela incorpora??o do pol?mero no sistema ?gua+ bentonita. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que para fluidos preparados com CMC o modelo que melhor representou este sistema foi o de Ostwald de Waale e para os fluidos preparados com GX e Bentonita o modelo que melhor representou foi o de Herschel-Bulkley
44
Pellizzari, Linda [Verfasser], and T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Neumann. "Influence of drilling fluids and long-term CO₂ exposure on the microbial community inhabiting rock formations – A case study from the Ketzin site / Linda Pellizzari ; Betreuer: T. Neumann." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136021698/34.
Full text
45
Ghosn, Ramy. "Stabilisation des Fluides de Forage de Type Pickering Pour Applications dans les Forages Profonds et Ultra-Profonds." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLY022.
Full textAbstract:
La situation durable de volatilité des prix du pétrole est considérée à la fois comme une menace et un défi par l'industrie pétrolière. Au cours de cette crise, les compagnies pétrolières ont l’opportunité de se recentrer sur la recherche de solutions de production rentables, ce qui implique souvent l’apport des nouvelles technologies, en plus de l'amélioration des processus.Ce travail présente une avancée pour la synthèse d’une nouvelle génération de fluides de forage pétrolier sans surfactants/émulsifiants pour des applications dans le forage des puits profonds et ultra profonds. Cette nouvelle génération repose sur l’introduction des émulsions de Pickering dans la formulation des fluides de forage. Ces dernières sont des émulsions stabilisées uniquement par des particules solides (dans ce cas des particules de silice). Différents types de nano particules de silice de différentes hydrophobicités ont été utilisées pour stabiliser des fluides de forage de types huile-dans-eau et eau-dans-huile. Ces fluides ont été conçus pour être utilisés dans des conditions hostiles de température et de pression. Par conséquent, une caractérisation expérimentale de leur stabilité ainsi que de leurs propriétés rhéologiques sous ces conditions extrêmes étaient nécessaires. Au cours de ce travail, les profils rhéologiques de ces fluides reflétant leurs capacités de nettoyage du puits, leur coulabilité ainsi que leurs capacités à transporter les débris jusqu'à la surface, ont été établis. D’autre part, la stabilité électrique des émulsions ainsi que leur morphologie (distribution de taille des gouttelettes) ont été étudiées et une comparaison avec celles stabilisées par des agents tensioactifs a été établie. Les fluides ont été exposés à un processus de vieillissement qui permet d’étudier l'effet de l'environnement du réservoir hostile sur la stabilité et la rhéologie des nouveaux fluides préparés. Ces fluides de haute qualité se sont révélés très fiables, offrant une grande stabilité et une capacité à résister à des conditions extrêmes de réservoir. Ils représentent une nouvelle génération de fluides de forage ouvrant la voie à une exploitation optimisée de réservoirs profonds et ultra profondsThis enduring situation of volatile oil prices has been seen as a decline and a challenge at the same time for the oil and gas industry. It is during this slump that the oil and gas companies own the opportunity to focus on cost-effective production solutions, which very often means bringing new technologies and further improving processes.This work presents a novel frontier of surfactant-free drilling and completion fluids for deep and ultra-deep wells. This new generation of drilling fluids is based on the principle of Pickering emulsions (emulsions stabilized solely by solid nano particles). Hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica nano particles were used to stabilize Oil-Based Mud and Water-Based Mud. These fluids were designed to be used under hostile conditions of temperature and pressure. Therefore, a concrete characterization of their stability as well as their rheological properties under HTHP conditions was mandatory. Rheological profiles reflecting the flowability, hole cleaning capacity as well as cutting transport ability of the fluids were established. On the other hand, the electrical stability as well as the morphology (Droplet Size Distribution) of the emulsions were studied and compared with surfactant-stabilized drilling fluids. The fluids were submitted to an aging process allowing one to study the effect of hostile reservoir environment on the stability and rheology of the new fluids prepared.These high quality fluids were seen very reliable offering high stability as well as high capacity to withstand extreme reservoir conditions giving rise to a new generation of drilling fluids allowing breaking the frontiers of deep and ultra-deep reservoirs
46
Silva, Italo Guimaraes Medeiros da. "POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case160709776258431.
Full text
47
BARBOSA, Renan Fraga. "Desenvolvimento de uma c?lula de filtra??o com opera??o autom?tica para monitoramento de dados on line." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1581.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-03T18:45:04Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2016 - Renan Fraga Barbosa.pdf: 4950481 bytes, checksum: 7339d2f44b8f9102ca0d628cc4a99002 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-03T18:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Renan Fraga Barbosa.pdf: 4950481 bytes, checksum: 7339d2f44b8f9102ca0d628cc4a99002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25
Funda??o de Apoio ? Pesquisa Cient?fica e Tecnol?gica da UFRRJ
The filtration loss is a phenomenon caused by the gradient pressure between the annular region and the rock formation during the drilling of an oil and gas well under overbalanced conditions. The invasion of fluids may provoke irreversible damages to the integrity of the well due to the solids present in their composition. Therefore, drilling fluids must be formulated in such a way that a low permeability mudcake with controlled thickness is formed in order to mitigate the filtration and invasion. Filtration cells are experimental apparatus used in the industry and at universities to study the mudcake growth in the rock formation and to measure the filtrate volume. Such devices operate off line and require a specialized operator. The objective of this work was to optimize, automate and validate a static filtration prototype cell that collected experimental data in real time. An experimental unit was built to prepare the fluids and to feed them into the filtration prototype. This unit is composed of a positive displacement pump, mixing tanks and sensors to monitor the properties of the fluid. The unit and the prototype compose the on line filtration unit. In the filtration prototype, valves and sensors were installed to operate remotely. A virtual interface was developed in order to manage the filtration unit. This interface is capable of monitoring the data provided by the sensors as well as operating the equipments (pump, agitators and automatic valves, including the ones in the filtration cell). Comparative experiments were performed in a HTHP off line filtration cell using similar operational conditions to validate the prototype. As results, the filtrate volume and the filtration properties (porosity and permeability of the mudcake) values obtained for both cells shown to be similar. The on line filtration unit was capable of reproducing the data provided by the off line filtration cell used as a model in this work. Thus, one can conclude that the on line filtration cell operates appropriately.
A filtra??o e a invas?o do fluido de perfura??o s?o fen?menos provocados pelo diferencial de press?o entre a regi?o anular e a forma??o rochosa durante a perfura??o de um po?o de petr?leo e g?s sob condi??es overbalance. A invas?o de fluidos e s?lidos presentes no fluido de perfura??o podem causar danos irrevers?veis ao po?o, portanto formulam-se os fluidos de modo que seja formado um reboco de baixa permeabilidade e espessura controlada, minimizando a filtra??o e a invas?o. Na ind?stria e na academia, para estudar o crescimento da torta na forma??o rochosa e avaliar o volume de filtrado, utilizam-se aparatos experimentais, denominados c?lulas de filtra??o, entretanto estes dispositivos s?o aparatos de bancada necessitam de um operador especializado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi otimizar, automatizar e validar um prot?tipo de filtra??o est?tica que coleta dados em linha e em tempo real. Para alimentar o fluido no prot?tipo de filtra??o, foi constru?da uma unidade de prepara??o de fluidos composta por uma bomba de deslocamento positivo, tanques de mistura e sensores para monitorar as propriedades do fluido. A unidade de preparo e o prot?tipo de filtra??o constituem a denominada unidade de filtra??o. No prot?tipo de filtra??o, foram instaladas v?lvulas e sensores para opera??o remota. Para gerenciar a unidade de filtra??o, foi desenvolvida uma interface virtual que monitora os dados fornecidos pelos sensores e opera os equipamentos (bomba, agitadores e as v?lvulas autom?ticas, inclusive as da c?lula de filtra??o). Para validar o prot?tipo, foram realizados experimentos comparativos com uma c?lula de filtra??o HTHP de bancada em condi??es de opera??o semelhantes. Como resultado das filtra??es na c?lula de bancada e com o prot?tipo, foi observado que o volume de filtrado e propriedades calculadas nos experimentos de filtra??o (porosidade e permeabilidade da torta) apresentaram valores similares indicando que a c?lula on line opera de forma adequada, reproduzindo os dados da c?lula de bancada que foi usada como modelo na proposta deste trabalho.
48
Paula, Junior Rubens Ribeiro de. "Modelagem de controle de poço com fluidos de perfuração não aquosos e estudos de casos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263123.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Paulo Roberto RibeiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T18:02:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaJunior_RubensRibeirode_M.pdf: 2205711 bytes, checksum: 8d99ae4553a735e11f7c7662c3878d30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: O trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre poços HPHT, abordando o desafio na construção dos mesmos, com ênfase no aspecto de segurança de poço. Do ponto de vista de desenvolvimento, o trabalho envolveu a implementação de um modelo de controle de poços com fluidos de perfuração não aquosos em software existente (Unikick), que incorpora correlações empíricas derivadas de resultados experimentais com n-parafina e diesel. A importância dessa implementação deve-se ao fato de que a previsão do comportamento das pressões, vazões e volumes desenvolvidos em um poço durante a detecção e circulação de um kick de gás, é muito útil para o engenheiro de perfuração que poderá tomar decisões sobre a maneira mais segura de lidar com estas situações. Alguns estudos de casos foram realizados através de comparação dos resultados obtidos pelo Unikick e outros simuladores disponíveis e análise de sensibilidade de parâmetros. Nessa análise, foram simuladas circulações de kicks em terra e marítimos em várias lâminas d'água, com trajetórias verticais e horizontais e observados os comportamentos de parâmetros importantes durante o controle do poço, como a pressão no choke, pit gain e vazão de gás na superfície.
Abstract: The first part of the work provides a review of the literature on HPHT wells, addressing the challenge in the construction of these wells, emphasizing the safety aspects. From the point of view of development, the work involved an implementation of a well control model for nonaqueous drilling fluids using existing software (Unikick), that incorporates empirical correlations derived from experimental results with n-paraffin and diesel. The importance of this implementation is due to the fact that the estimation of the behavior of pressures, flow rates and volumes developed inside a well during gas kick detection and circulation out of the well is very useful for the drilling engineer to take decisions about the safest way to handle these situations. Some case studies were performed through the comparison of simulated results from Unikick and other simulators available and a sensitivity analysis. In this analysis, some kick circulations were simulated in onshore and offshore wells with various water depths, vertical and horizontal trajectories, when important parameters of well control were observed, such as choke pressure pit gain and gas flow rate at surface.
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
49
Melo, Klismeryane Costa de. "Aplica??o de tensoativos n?o i?nicos na recupera??o de fluidos de perfura??o polim?ricos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15929.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
KlismeryaneCM_TESE_Parcial.pdf: 534814 bytes, checksum: 7f809659b18392cc6ade30651d315ef5 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-11-29The drilling fluid used to assist in the drilling operation of oil wells, accumulates solids inherent in the formation as it is circulated in the well, interfering in the fluid performance during operation. It is discarded after use. The disposal of these fluids causes one of the most difficult environmental problems in the world. This study aims to promote liquid phase separation of drilling fluids, which have circulated in oil wells, and enable this recovered liquid to formulate a new fluid. For this, non-ionic surfactants were used in order to select the best outcome in phase separation. Five real water-based drilling fluids were utilized, which were collected directly from the fields of drilling oil wells, classified as polymeric fluids. The methodology used consisted in combining the fluid with surfactant and then subjecting it to a process of centrifugation or decantation. The decantating tests were scheduled through experimental planning 23 and 32, using as variables the percentage (%) of surfactant utilized and the stirring time in minutes. The surfactants used were ethoxylated nonylphenol and lauryl alcohol ethoxylated with different degrees of ethoxylation. Phase separation was monitored first by tests of stability, and subsequently by the height of the interface in beakers of 100 mL. The results showed that from the surfactants studied, the lauryl alcohol ethoxylated with 3 ethoxylation units has been the most effective in the phase separation process of the drilling fluids tested. The statistical tool used was of great industrial value regarding the programming phase separation in drilling fluids. In conclusion, the liquid phase separated using surfactant can be reused for a new formulation of drilling fluid with similar properties of a new fluid, assuring its efficiency. And in the resulting analysis it is also suggested that the adsorption is the mechanism that leads the phase separation, with surfactant adsorbing in the active solids
O fluido de perfura??o, utilizado para auxiliar na opera??o de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo, acumula s?lidos inerentes a forma??o ? medida que ? circulado no po?o durante a perfura??o, interferindo no seu desempenho durante a opera??o. Assim, ap?s o uso ele ? descartado, gerando um dos passivos ambientais mais dif?ceis de recuperar em todo o mundo. O presente estudo tem por finalidade promover a separa??o da fase l?quida de fluidos de perfura??o que j? foram circulados em po?os de petr?leos, habilitando seu uso para formula??o de um novo fluido. Para isso, foram utilizados tensoativos n?o i?nicos a fim de selecionar o que melhor atuasse na separa??o de fases. Foram utilizados cinco fluidos de perfura??o base ?gua, reais coletados diretamente nos campos de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo, classificados como fluidos polim?ricos. A metodologia utilizada constitui-se basicamente em aditivar o fluido com o tensoativo e depois submet?-lo ? um processo de centrifuga??o ou decanta??o. Os ensaios de decanta??o foram programados atrav?s do planejamento experimental 23 e 32, utilizando como vari?veis o % de tensoativo utilizado e o tempo de agita??o em minutos. Os tensoativos utilizados foram o nonilfenol etoxilado e o ?lcool laur?lico etoxilado, ambos com diferentes graus de etoxila??o. A separa??o de fases foi acompanhada inicialmente por ensaios de estabilidade e, posteriormente, pela altura da interface em provetas de 100 mL. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, dentre os tensoativos estudados, o ?lcool laur?lico etoxilado, com 3 unidades de etoxila??o, foi o que atuou de forma mais eficiente no processo de separa??o de fases dos fluidos de perfura??o estudados. A aplica??o de planejamentos estat?sticos pode ser uma ferramenta de grande valor industrial no que diz respeito a programa??o de separa??o de fases em fluidos de perfura??o. Concluiuse que a fase l?quida separada utilizando tensoativos pode ser reutilizada na formula??o de um novo fluido de perfura??o, com propriedades semelhantes a de um fluido novo, garantindo a efic?cia do mesmo. Com a an?lise dos resultados sugere-se, ainda, que a adsor??o ? o mecanismo que governa a separa??o de fases, com o tensoativo adsorvendo-se nos s?lidos ativos
2020-01-01
50
PEREIRA, Ivna Daniele Souza. "Estudos de novas jazidas de Argilas Bentoníticas do Estado da Paraíba, visando seu uso em fluidos de perfuração de poços de petróleo." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/332.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-04T19:50:45Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
IVNA DANIELE SOUZA PEREIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 2113912 bytes, checksum: e7cd84f19623986d5ca5b0df7875190e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T19:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IVNA DANIELE SOUZA PEREIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 2113912 bytes, checksum: e7cd84f19623986d5ca5b0df7875190e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29
Capes
No Estado da Paraíba há grandes ocorrências de minerais não metálicos principalmente de argilas bentoniticas, ball clays, caulins, feldspatos, quartzo, calcários e micas. Recentemente foram descobertos novos depósitos de argilas no município de Sossego, propiciando assim, uma expectativa de ampliação de insumos minerais na região. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar física, mineralógica e tecnologicamente argilas esmectíticas do Município de Sossego, PB, Brasil, para uso em fluidos de perfuração. Para tanto, as argilas foram beneficiadas e caracterizadas através das seguintes técnicas: granulometria a laser (AG), difração de raios-X (DRX), análise química (EDX), capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC), análise termogravimétrica(TG) e térmica diferencial (DTA). Em seguida as argilas foram transformadas em sódicas por meio de tratamento com carbonato de sódio (Na2CO3), hexametafosfato de sódio (NaPO3)6 nos teores: 75, 100, 125 e 150meq/100g de argila seca, além de serem ativadas com a combinações de (Na2CO3) e óxido de magnésio (MgO), em seguida realizou-se o estudo do comportamento reológico das dispersões no intuito de determinar viscosidade aparente (VA), viscosidade plástica (VP), volume de filtrado e pH. Os resultados mostraram que as argilas estudadas eram constituídas de esmectítica, caulinita e quartzo, apresentando teores de MgO e CaO, evidenciando que são bentonitas policatiônicas. Com relação ao uso das argilas como agente viscosificante para fluidos de perfuração, observou-se que as amostras de AM2 ativadas com Na2CO3 atenderam parcialmente as especificações necessária para uso em fluidos de perfuração base água. Já as amostra ativadas com (NaPO3)6 não desenvolveram melhoria nas suas característica reológicas, logo seu uso como fluido de perfuração não é viável. A combinação de Na2CO3 e de MgO produziu um melhoramento nas propriedades dos fluidos produzidos, demonstrando ser aplicável na perfuração de poços.
In Paraíba's large occurrences of non-metallic minerals mainly of bentonite clays, ball clays, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, limestone and mica. Recently discovered new deposits of clays in the city of Sossego, providing an expected expansion of mineral inputs in the region. This work aims to characterize physical, mineralogical and technologically smectite clays Municipality Sossego, PB, Brazil, for use in drilling fluids. For both, the clays were processed and characterized by the following techniques: laser granulometry (AG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis (EDX), cation exchange capacity (CEC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The clays were then transformed into sodic by treatment with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium hexametaphosphate (NaPO3) 6 in levels: 75, 100, 125 and 150meq / 100g of dry clay, and being activated with combinations (Na2CO3) and magnesium oxide (MgO), then held up the study of the rheological behavior of the dispersions in order to determine apparent viscosity (VA), plastic viscosity (PV), filtrate volume and pH. The results showed that the clays of smectite were formed, kaolinite and quartz, with MgO and CaO contents, showing that bentonites are polycationic. Regarding the use of clays as viscosity agent for drilling fluids, it was observed that the samples activated with Na2CO3 AM2 partially met the necessary for use in water based drilling fluids specifications. As for the sample activated to (NaPO3)6 did not develop improvement in rheological characteristic, then its use as drilling fluid is not feasible. The combination of Na2CO3 and MgO produced an improvement in the properties of the produced fluids, proving to be applicable in drilling wells Keywords: bentonite, rheology, characterization, drilling fluids.