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Journal articles on the topic 'Drilling fluids'
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1
Momeni, Ali, Seyyed Shahab Tabatabaee Moradi, and Seyyed Alireza Tabatabaei-Nejad. "A REVIEW ON GLYCEROL-BASED DRILLING FLUIDS AND GLYCERINE AS A DRILLING FLUID ADDITIVE." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 39, no. 1 (2024): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2024.1.8.
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A significant increase of energy demands all over the world and production decline from available oil and gas reservoirs have led the industry to invest in major offshore petroleum resources. However, drilling operations in offshore environments are usually restricted by environmental constraints. Therefore, recent studies are devoted to the development of environmentally compatible fluids with adequate technical properties. Glycerine is a non-toxic, lubricating, colorless, odorless substance with a higher density than water. Due to the properties of glycerine, it can be used as the base of drilling fluid to formulate synthetic-based fluids. This research aimed to review the studies on the applications of glycerine in the composition of drilling fluid. Based on the results, glycerine-based fluids can be considered as an environmentally compatible fluid with sufficient technical properties to replace other drilling fluids. However, there is a lack of experimental studies on the glycerine fluid properties for a reliable decision. For the application of glycerine fluids, an economic feasibility study is mandatory for both pure and crude glycerine. Also, the thermal stability of glycerine fluids is an important aspect, which should be covered in future research studies.
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Liu, Fei, Yongfei Li, Xuewu Wang, and Zhizeng Xia. "Preparation and Properties of Reversible Emulsion Drilling Fluid Stabilized by Modified Nanocrystalline Cellulose." Molecules 29, no. 6 (March 13, 2024): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061269.
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Reversible emulsion drilling fluids can concentrate the advantages of water-based drilling fluids and oil-based drilling fluids. Most of the existing reversible emulsion drilling fluid systems are surfactant-based emulsifier systems, which have the disadvantage of poor stability. However, the use of modified nanoparticles as emulsifiers can significantly enhance the stability of reversible emulsion drilling fluids, but ordinary nanoparticles have the disadvantages of high cost and easily causing environmental pollution. In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing reversible emulsion drilling fluid system, the modified nanocrystalline cellulose was considered to be used as an emulsifier to prepare reversible emulsion drilling fluid. After research, the modified nanocrystalline cellulose NWX-3 can be used to prepare reversible emulsions, and on this basis, reversible emulsion drilling fluids can be constructed. Compared with the reversible emulsion drilling fluid stabilized by HRW-DMOB (1.3 vol.% emulsifier), the reversible emulsion drilling fluid stabilized by the emulsifier NWX-3 maintained a good reversible phase performance, filter cake removal, and oily drill cuttings treatment performance with less reuse of emulsifier (0.8 vol.%). In terms of temperature resistance (150 °C) and stability (1000 V < W/O emulsion demulsification voltage), it is significantly better than that of the surfactant system (temperature resistance 120 °C, 600 V < W/O emulsion demulsification voltage < 650 V). The damage of reservoir permeability of different types of drilling fluids was compared by physical simulation, and the damage order of core gas permeability was clarified: water-based drilling fluid > reversible emulsion drilling fluid > oil-based drilling fluid. Furthermore, the NMR states of different types of drilling fluids were compared as working fluids, and the main cause of core permeability damage was the retention of intrusive fluids in the core.
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Li, Zuo Chen, Zhi Heng Zhang, Liang Zhan, and Jia Rong Cai. "Fuzzy Ball Drilling Fluids for CBM in the Ordos Basin of China." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.843.
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Fuzzy ball drilling fluids have been developed in order to effectively control lost circulation during CBM drilling. Depending upon fuzzy balls and colloids in fuzzy balls, the fuzzy ball drilling fluids changed their shapes and properties to completely plug underground heterogeneous seepage channels so as to strengthen the pressure bearing capacity of formations. This paper describes the available features of the fuzzy ball drilling fluid including efficient plugging, good carrying and suspension, formation damage control, compatible weighted by any weighted materials without auxiliary equipment. The fuzzy ball drilling fluids can finish drilling in low pressure natural gas zone, control CBM leakage; control the natural fractures, drilling in different pressures in the same open hole, combination with the air drilling mode, etc. during Ordos CBM drilling. The fuzzy ball drilling fluid will not affect down-hole motors and MWD. The fuzzy ball drilling fluid will be blend simply as conventional water based drilling fluids. The existing CBM drilling equipment can completely meet the fuzzy ball drilling mixing and it is maintained conveniently. The fuzzy ball drilling fluid is the efficient drilling fluid.
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Wang, Jin Feng, and Jin Gen Deng. "Fuzzy Ball Drilling Fluid for CBM in the Ordos Basin of China." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.717.
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Fuzzy ball drilling fluids have been developed in order to effectively control lost circulation during CBM drilling. Depending upon fuzzy balls and colloids in fuzzy balls, the fuzzy ball drilling fluids changed their shapes and properties to completely plug underground heterogeneous seepage channels so as to strengthen the pressure bearing capacity of formations. This paper describes the available features of the fuzzy ball drilling fluid including efficient plugging, good carrying and suspension, formation damage control, compatible weighted by any weighted materials without auxiliary equipment. The fuzzy ball drilling fluids can finish drilling in low pressure natural gas zone, control CBM leakage; control the natural fractures, drilling in different pressures in the same open hole, combination with the air drilling mode, etc. during Ordos CBM drilling. The fuzzy ball drilling fluid will not affect down-hole motors and MWD. The fuzzy ball drilling fluid will be blend simply as conventional water based drilling fluids. The existing CBM drilling equipment can completely meet the fuzzy ball drilling mixing and it is maintained conveniently. The fuzzy ball drilling fluid is the efficient drilling fluid.
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Okonkwo, S. I., and O. F. Joel. "Gap Analysis Assessment of Performance of Conventional Drilling Fluids in High Temperature and High Pressure Environments." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 9 (October 2, 2023): 1951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i9.8.
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The critical functions performed by drilling fluids during drilling operations include providing hydrostatic pressure to prevent formation fluids from entering into the wellbore, keeping the drill bit cool and clean during drilling, carrying out drill cuttings, and suspending the drill cuttings while drilling is paused. Others include control of formation pressures, prevent well-control issues, maintaining wellbore stability, minimize formation damage, cuttings transport from the wellbore to surface and minimize risk to personnel, the environment and drilling equipment. In adverse drilling environments such as High Pressure High and Temperature (HPHT) wells, the elevated temperatures and pressures encountered by the drilling fluids downhole may limit their technical performance and result in drilling problems if these factors are not well considered during the drilling fluid design. Hence, the objective of this study is to carry out a gap analysis on the performance of conventional drilling fluids in high pressure and high temperature environments using appropriate engineering methods. The outcome of the study identified some of the limitations of drilling fluids in HPHT drilling environment such as loss of rheology property control, fluid gelation at high temperature, high fluid loss at HPHT conditions, thermal degradation of the drilling fluid constituents, sagging of weighting materials etc. Benchmarks such as thermal stability of drilling fluid products and system, resilience to high temperature gelation, resistance to high temperature fluid loss, stable rheological properties control, resistance to solids sagging in HPHT environment etc were identified as top criteria for optimal performance of drilling fluids systems in HPHT wells. Potential steps or actions that that may be taken to bridge the existing gaps or shortcomings of conventional drilling fluids in HPHT drilling environment were then recommended.
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Lavrentiadi, Yuriy, and Ekaterina Leusheva. "Increasing the Environmental Friendly of Process Fluids Used for Well Drilling." Недропользование 23, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2712-8008/2023.1.5.
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An important aspect of hydrocarbon drilling is the use of drilling fluids that remove cuttings and stabilize the wellbore, providing better filtration. The properties of drilling fluids are essential to the success of any drilling operation. Fluids were originally developed to enable and cost effectively rotary drilling in subterranean formations. In addition, drilling fluids were designed to form a filter cake, which was primarily designed to reduce filtrate loss to the formation, was thin, and retained the drilling fluid in the wellbore. One of the most important functions of drilling fluids is to minimize the amount of drilling fluid filtrate entering a hydrocarbon containing formation, which can cause damage to the formation due to changes in rock wettability, fines migration, mud plugging with solids, and formation water incompatibility. To stabilize these properties, a number of additives are used in drilling fluids to ensure satisfactory rheological and filtration properties of the fluid. However, the commonly used additives are hazardous to the environment: when drilling fluids are disposed of after drilling operations, they, together with drill cuttings and additives, are discharged into water bodies and cause unwanted pollution. Therefore, these additives should be replaced with additives that are environmentally friendly and provide superior performance. In this regard, biodegradable additives are needed for future research. The review article presents an investigation into the role of various biowastes as potential additives for use in water-based drilling fluids. The use of waste-derived nanomaterial was considered, and rheological and filtration studies of water-based drilling fluids were carried out to evaluate the effect of waste additives on the performance of drilling fluids.
7
Yue, Qian Sheng, Qing Zhi Yang, Shu Jie Liu, Bao Sheng He, and You Lin Hu. "Rheological Properties of Water Based Drilling Fluid in Deep Water Drilling Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.507.
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The rheological property of the drilling fluid was one of the focus problems in deep-water drilling, which was widely concerned. In the article, the viscosity-temperature properties of commonly used water soluble polymeric solution, polymeric brine solution, bentonite slurry, polyacrylamide-potassium chloride drilling fluid with different densities and water-base drilling fluid systems commonly used for China offshore well drillings were studied. 4°C-to-20°C viscosity ratio and 4°C-to-20°C YP ratio were used to judge the thickening level of drilling fluids due to low temperature. The experimental results show that on the condition of without considering the influence of pressure on the rheological property of water-base drilling fluid, its viscosity and yield point raised obviously with the decrease of temperature, but the increase level is proximately the same, its 4°C-to-20°C apparent viscosity ratio is basically within the 1.50. Analysis indicates that the viscosity of water-base drilling fluid depends on the viscosity of dispersed media. The performance of water medium determines the viscosity-temperature property of the water-based drilling fluid. It is proposed that in deep water drillings, if a water-base drilling fluid is used, it is not necessary to emphasize the influence of deep water and low temperature on the flowability. On the condition of guaranteeing wellbore stability and borehole cleaning, it is more suitable for using the water-base drilling fluid with low viscosity and low gel strength for deep water well drillings.
8
Xie, Gang, Ming Yi Deng, Jun Lin Su, and Liang Chun Pu. "Study on Shale Gas Drilling Fluids Technology." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.651.
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Via discussing the advantages and disadvantages of different types of oil-based drilling fluids, the main reason why oil-based drilling fluids are less used in our country is obtained that dont form a complete series of matching technology. The essence of wellbore instability caused by using water-based drilling fluids to drill shale is analyzed that the formation collapse pressure is greater than drilling fluids column pressure. The fundamental way of controlling borehole wall stability that use water-based drilling fluids to drill shale horizontal well was proposed that deeply researched the shale hydration mechanism, developed efficient blocking agent and inhibitors and established shale gas drilling fluid suppression system, which made water-based drilling fluids have excellent performance.
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Błaż, Sławomir, Grzegorz Zima, Bartłomiej Jasiński, and Marcin Kremieniewski. "Invert Drilling Fluids with High Internal Phase Content." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154532.
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One of the most important tasks when drilling a borehole is to select the appropriate type of drilling fluid and adjust its properties to the borehole’s conditions. This ensures the safe and effective exploitation of the borehole. Many types of drilling fluids are used to drill holes for crude oil and natural gas. Most often, mainly due to cost and environmental constraints, water-based muds are used. On the other hand, invert drilling fluids are used for drilling holes in difficult geological conditions. The ratio of the oil phase to the water phase in invert drilling fluids the most common ratio being from 70/30 to 90/10. One of the disadvantages of invert drilling fluids is their cost (due to the oil content) and environmental problems related to waste and the management of oily cuttings. This article presents tests of invert drilling fluids with Oil-Water Ratio (OWR) 50/50 to 20/80 which can be used for drilling HPHT wells. The invert drilling fluids properties were examined and their resistance to temperature and pressure was assessed. Their effect on the permeability of reservoir rocks was also determined. The developed invert drilling fluids are characterized by high electrical stability ES above 300 V, and stable rheological parameters and low filtration. Due to the reduced content of the oil, the developed drilling fluid system is more economical and has limited toxicity.
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Skadsem, Hans Joakim, Amare Leulseged, and Eric Cayeux. "Measurement of Drilling Fluid Rheology and Modeling of Thixotropic Behavior." Applied Rheology 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2019-0001.
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Abstract Drilling fluids perform a number of important functions during a drilling operation, including that of lifting drilled cuttings to the surface and balancing formation pressures. Drilling fluids are usually designed to be structured fluids exhibiting shear thinning and yield stress behavior, and most drilling fluids also exhibit thixotropy. Accurate modeling of drilling fluid rheology is necessary for predicting friction pressure losses in the wellbore while circulating, the pump pressure needed to resume circulation after a static period, and how the fluid rheology evolves with time while in static or near-static conditions. Although modeling the flow of thixotropic fluids in realistic geometries is still a formidable future challenge to be solved, considerable insights can still be gained by studying the viscometric flows of such fluids. We report a detailed rheological characterization of a water-based drilling fluid and an invert emulsion oilbased drilling fluid. The micro structure responsible for thixotropy is different in these fluids which results in different thixotropic responses. Measurements are primarily focused at transient responses to step changes in shear rate, but cover also steady state flow curves and stress overshoots during start-up of flow. We analyze the shear rate step change measurements using a structural kinetics thixotropy model.
11
Belayneh, Mesfin, Bernt Aadnøy, and Simen Moe Strømø. "MoS2 Nanoparticle Effects on 80 °C Thermally Stable Water-Based Drilling Fluid." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 7195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237195.
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Bentonite-based drilling fluids are used for drilling, where inhibitive fluids are not required. The rheological and the density properties of the drilling fluids are highly affected by high temperature and pressure. Due to high temperature, the clay particles stick together, and the fluid system becomes more flocculated. Poorly designed drilling fluid may cause undesired operational issues such as poor hole cleaning, drill strings sticking, high torque and drag. In this study, the 80 °C thermally stable Herschel Bulkley’s and Bingham plastic yield stresses drilling fluids were formulated based on lignosulfonate-treated bentonite drilling fluid. Further, the impact of a MoS2 nanoparticle solution on the properties of the thermally stable base fluid was characterized. Results at room temperature and pressure showed that the blending of 0.26 wt.% MoS2 increased the lubricity of thermally stable base fluid by 27% and enhanced the thermal and electrical conductivities by 7.2% and 8.8%, respectively.
12
Hussain, Wisam Hussain. "Effects and Hazards of Drilling Fluids on Well Drilling Workers and the Administrative Processes Adopted in Iraqi Fields." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 7, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v7i5.210.
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Drilling fluids are any fluids which are circulated through a well while drilling in order toremove cuttings from a wellbore. During drilling, large volumes of fluids are circulating throughthe well and into open, partially enclosed or completely enclosed systems at high temperatures.When these drilling fluids are agitated during a circulating process there is significant potentialfor chemical exposure to workers and subsequent health effects. This study seeks to identifymajor areas of exposure to drilling fluids and the health hazards associated with the use ofdrilling fluids. The study also presents some challenges in setting the standards of exposure tothe drilling fluids which have always not been given the same attention or concern as the effectsand risk management of drilling fluids. Some exposure indicators are also presented.Questionnaire has been done on seven Iraqi fields (Nahran Omar,Nasiriya ,Zubair,East Baghdad,North Rumaila, Humrain and Jambur ) to determine the administrative and protective processesadopted by our national companies in order to minimize the drilling fluid exposures. Thequestionnaire has been done also to get know the most important conclusions and use the reliablerecommendations that achieve the research objective.According to the data obtained from the questionnaire, there are no clear, standard and uniqueadministrative and protective processes adopted by Iraqi drilling company in different sites. The studyrecommended the necessity of evaluating their processes related with reducing the risks of drilling fluidexposures and establishing a specialized committee to develop such drilling fluid systems.
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Li, Long, Xu Bo Yuan, Cha Ma, Rong Chao Cheng, and Yu Ping Yang. "Study on the Effect of Humic Acid Acetamide on the Rheological Properties of Gas-to-Liquid Based Drilling Fluids." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.447.
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A new type of humic acid acetamide FLHA was synthesized by chemical modification of humic acid with long chain fatty amine, and the effect of humic acid acetamide on the rheological properties of gas-to-liquid (GTL) based drilling fluids was investigated. The results indicated that FLHA had good capacity of filtration reduction under 150 °C. Moreover, FLHA can improve the stability of GTL-based drilling fluids. As a result, FLHA is an good fluid loss additive for GTL-based drilling fluids, and it can optimizate drilling fluid system formulation to make drilling fluids have good rheological properties, filtration properties and environmental protection function.
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Jingen, Deng, Saviour Bassey Egwu, and Zhao Xionghu. "Smart Fluids and Their Applications in Drilling Fluids to Meet Drilling Technical Challenges." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (October 4, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2335406.
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This article presents extensive analysis and review on recent developments in smart fluids as well as future opportunities of smart drilling fluids utilization in oil and gas well drilling while focusing on the following smart fluids: smart nanoparticles, electrorheological, magnetorheological, and viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluids. The distinctive properties of nanoparticles such as tiny particle sizes, high specific surface area, mechanical strength, and thermal stability make them suitable for utilization in drilling fluids. In bentonite water-based drilling fluid systems, this review suggests that charged nanoparticles are capable of displacing exchangeable ions in between bentonite clay platelets, thereby forming intercalates which can interact with clay surfaces through electrostatic attraction or repulsion. In improving wellbore stability, it is presented in this review that nanoparticles are able to invade and plug ultratiny pore spaces in shale formations, thereby further enhancing shale formations’ mechanical strength and wellbore stability. According to this review, the magnitude of changes in properties of smart electrorheological and magnetorheological fluids largely depends on the intensity of applied electric and magnetic fields. The intensity of smart fluids properties alteration due to applied field would equally depend on wt.% concentration and chemical compositions of particles susceptible to electric and magnetic fields. Based on review carried out on VES smart fluids, attractive and repulsive forces in the smart VES fluids solution result in the formation of micelles which can cause changes in viscoelastic property of the formulated smart viscoelastic fluids. The more the concentration of charged ions in the base fluid which VES fluids come in contact with, the higher the viscoelasticity of the smart VES fluids. According to this review, utilization of smart materials in drilling fluids can result in meeting oil and gas well drilling technical challenges including enhancing wellbore stability, improving hole cleaning performance, lost circulation control, fluid loss control, enhancing rate of penetration, pressure drop control, and easing cutting carrying efficiency of drilling fluids. This review equally suggests that the utilization of smart fluids such as smart magnetorheological and electrorheological fluids would facilitate drilling automation and real-time data acquisition processes, which is the future technology in oil and gas drilling.
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Xu, Peng, and Mingbiao Xu. "Damage Mechanism of Oil-Based Drilling Fluid Flow in Seepage Channels for Fractured Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs." Geofluids 2019 (June 26, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2672695.
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Oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) have a strong wellbore stabilization effect, but little attention has been paid to the formation damage caused by oil-based drilling fluids based on traditional knowledge, which is a problem that must be solved prior to the application of oil-based drilling fluid. For ultradeep fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs, the reservoir damage caused by oil-based drilling fluids is worthy of additional research. In this paper, the potential damage factors of oil-based drilling fluids and fractured tight sandstone formations are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The damage mechanism of oil-based drilling fluids for fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs is analyzed based on the characteristics of multiphase fluids in seepage channels, the physical and chemical changes of rocks, and the rheological stability of oil-based drilling fluids. Based on the damage mechanism of oil-based drilling fluids, the key problems that must be solved during the damage control of oil-based drilling fluids are analyzed, a detailed description of formation damage characteristics is made, and how to accurately and rapidly form plugging zones is addressed. This research on damage control can provide a reference for solving the damage problems caused by oil-based drilling fluids in fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs.
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Zheng, Li Hui, Ming Wei Zhang, and Yong Lin. "A Multifunctional Drilling Fluid for Coalbed Methane Drilling." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1317.
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With extremely complicated geological conditions, there is abundant coalbed methane in the China's Ordos Basin Area. As a result of coexistence of different pressure systems in the same one naked well section, there are so many problems taking place occasionally during the drilling process, such as the formation lost circulation and collapse, which require the drilling fluid with a perfect rheology behavior and inhibitive to improve the well-bore containment. The coalbed methane well completions are diverse, usually including vertical well, horizontal well, multi-branch well, and other different well types. So the drilling fluid must have cuttings carried effectively and protect formation damaged to ensure that the process of drilling is security and smooth. Lots of drilling methods are used in the coalbed methane drilling, besides normal nearly balanced drilling, the under balance drilling fluids such as the air, fog, foam, etc particularly improved. All this drilling fluids require itself working compatibility with other fluids in the hole. Therefore, the special state-funded science and technology project has developed a novel bionic Fuzzy-Ball drilling fluid to meet the coalbed methane. Without additional equipments, this novel drilling fluids can be made, with non-solid phase and low density, 0.8~1.0 g/cm3. The inert solids can also be used to adjust the property to more than 1.0g/cm3, matching the near/under-balanced drilling. The formation well-bore containment can effectively improve to meet to the more than 1000 meters coalbed methane drilling in the open or low pressure formation, To portable cuttings effectively under low rate, the ratio of yield point and plastic viscosity can be adjusted to 1.0Pa/mPa•s or more. Combined with the air drilling, this novel Fuzzy-Ball material could not be converted to fluid to solve the formation water production, cavings, completion and other operations. 10 wells application of using the Fuzzy-Ball drilling fluid to complete the coal bed methane wells overcoming water production, collapse, lost circulation and air drilling etc, taking five branches well FL-H2-L, "U" horizontal well DFS-02-H2, water production and collapse well J35, air drilling CLY22 for examples, are introduced to indicate the bionic Fuzzy-Ball fluid application on the coalbed methane drilling spot.
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Guo, Ben Guang, Li Hui Zheng, Shang Zhi Meng, and Zhi Heng Zhang. "The "U-Type" Wells History of Fuzzy Ball Drilling Fluids for CBM Drilling in China." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 1273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.1273.
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The fuzzy ball drilling fluids have been developed on the basis of the circulation foam and Aphron to control lost circulation effectively. There are some difficulties in drilling U-type well, such as well-bore stability, cutting carrying problem, large torque and friction at the horizontal section, and formation damage to coal-bed. The objective of this paper was to show some applications of fuzzy ball drilling fluids on U-type wells of the Ordos Basin and prove the superiority of fuzzy ball drilling fluid in CBM drilling. To the three mentioned cases, the density of fuzzy ball drilling fluid was 0.90~1.18g/cm3, the funnel viscosity was 45~72s, the dynamic shear force was 12~19 Pa, the PV was 13~19mPa·s and the pH was ranged from 7 to 9. To use the fuzzy ball drilling fluids, the average ROP increased above 10% with no borehole complexity, such as stuck pipe, hole enlargement causing poor cleaning and etc. These cases reflected excellent properties of the fuzzy ball drilling fluids including effectively sealing, good carrying and suspension ability, formation damage control and compatible weighted by inert materials. Furthermore, the fuzzy ball drilling fluids will not affect BHA tools like motors and MWD in CBM drilling.
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Tretyak, Alexander Ya, Kirill V. Krivosheev, and Dmitry I. Bezmolitvenny. "INFLUENCE OF THE ADDITIVE OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES ON THE PROPERTIES OF DRILLING FLUIDS." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 334, no. 7 (July 28, 2023): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2023/7/4323.
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Link for citation: Tretyak A.Ya., Krivosheev K.V., Bezmolitvenny D.I. Influence of the additive of copper nanoparticles on the properties of drilling fluids. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр. 43-49. In Rus. Relevance. Currently, drilling companies affect up to 30 % of productive time to combat differential grabs. The development of drilling fluids that contribute to the reduction of differential tacks is an urgent task. It is known that nanodisperse particles have a positive effect on the technological process of drilling wells, in this regard, the issue of developing nanostructured drilling fluids for drilling companies is in demand. Experimental studies have been carried out at the Department of Oil and Gas Engineering and Technology of the South-Russian State Polytechnic University (Novocherkassk Polytechnic University) and highly inhibited drilling fluids with the addition of nanodispersed copper with a concentration of up to 4 % and a particle size from 40 to 80 nm have been developed at the level of inventions. It has been experimentally established that the addition of nanoparticles of nanodispersed copper to highly inhibited drilling fluids improves rheological, lubricating and anti-seizure performance. Nanodispersed copper particles in the drilling fluid help to reduce the surface tension at the separation of the two phases – drilling column – filtration crust, which helps to reduce the probability of differential tacks. The aim of the purpose of the research is to study the properties of the developed highly inhibited water-based solutions with the addition of nanodispersed copper, as well as to study their rheological, filtration, lubricating and anti-seizure capabilities. Objects: highly inhibited drilling fluids and their main properties. Methods: experimental-analytical method for studying the addition of copper nanoparticles to the properties of the drilling fluid. Results. Laboratory studies of the effect of copper nanoparticle additives on the quality of the drilling fluid were carried out. The effect of dispersed copper nanoparticles on the main parameters of the drilling fluid was established.
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Talalay, Pavel, Zhengyi Hu, Huiwen Xu, Dahui Yu, Lili Han, Junjie Han, and Lili Wang. "Environmental considerations of low-temperature drilling fluids." Annals of Glaciology 55, no. 65 (2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014aog65a226.
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AbstractThe introduction of low-temperature fluid into boreholes drilled in ice sheets helps to remove drilling cuttings and to prevent borehole closure through visco-plastic deformation. Only special fluids, or mixtures of fluids, can satisfy the very strict criteria for deep drilling in cold ice. The effects of drilling fluid on the natural environment are analyzed from the following points of view: (1) occupational safety and health; (2) ozone depletion and global warming; (3) chemical pollution; and (4) biological pollution. Traditional low-temperature drilling fluids (kerosene-based fluids with density additives, ethanol and n-butyl acetate) cannot be qualified as intelligent choices from the safety, environmental and technological standpoints. This paper introduces a new type of low-temperature drilling fluid composed of synthetic ESTISOLTM esters, which are non-hazardous substances. ESTISOLTM 140 mixtures with ESTISOLTM 165 or ESTISOLTM F2887 have an acceptable density and viscosity at low temperature. To avoid the potential for biological contamination of the subglacial environment, the borehole drilling fluid should be treated carefully on the surface.
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Scherbin, Sergey, and Dmitriy Evdokimenko. "MINERALIZED DRILLING FLUIDS." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2024, no. 1 (April 22, 2024): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2024-1-91-92.
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A method is described for preventing the formation of cavities when drilling wells in the intervals of occurrence of water-soluble minerals through the use of mineralized drilling fluids. The composition of the natural brine of the Znamenskoye deposit and the salt concentrate obtained from it by spray dry-ing, suitable for mineralization of drilling fluids, is given
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Nuraga Rustamov, Nuraga Rustamov, Kamran Namazov Kamran Namazov, and Huseyn Hasanov Huseyn Hasanov. "PIPE STICKING PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLVING WAYS IN WELLBORE." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 28, no. 05 (April 14, 2023): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei28052023-78.
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In this article, we discuss the most common pipe sticking problems that occur in general drilling, explore their causes, and practices for solving and preventing them. Although there are various causes of drilling problems, they are mainly related to the drilling fluid, whose characteristics and optimization can help prevent/reduce a number of problems encountered during drilling and save a lot of money. Drilling fluids have undergone major changes since they were first used in the drilling process, leading to more optimal drilling. Its transformation from a simple mixture of water and clay to a more complex combination of various types of organic and inorganic additives has increased the fluid's rheological properties and filtration capabilities. Keywords: pipe sticking, free pipe, differential pressure stuck, drilling fluid, mud cake.
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Papp, R., and S. J. Fisher. "DRILLING FLUIDS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: CHARACTERISATION OF BASE FLUIDS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98042.
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Since the early 1990s, a variety of invert emulsion base fluids have been introduced into the drilling fluid market. The chemical composition of these fluids has evolved with the focus on minimising the environmental impact of discharged cuttings that contain adhered drilling fluids.The trend within Australia and other regions in which drilling fluids are extensively used, is that the life span of these fluids has become increasingly shorter, due to environmental impact pressures from the regulatory authorities in the North Sea and Australia, as well as public perception within these regions.The Well Construction Department within Woodside Energy Ltd. (WEL) has identified the need to characterise these base fluids in a manner that was both reproducible and definitive. The need was driven by the availability of a large number of commercial base fluids claiming technical and environmental superiority and the requirement for robust quality control systems for the base fluids from production to discharge—a cradle to grave philosophy.To this end, a study was initiated in 1997 where several drilling fluids were analysed using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. From this work, four classifications of invert emulsion, non-water based fluids (NWBF) have been identified. They include low toxicity oil based fluids (LTOBF), enhanced mineral oil based fluids (EMOBF), synthetic based fluids (SBF), and oxygen based fluids (OBF). The definition of these fluids and the rationale for this classification is presented here.The GC-MS characterisation has provided an insight into the structure of the base fluid, rheological characteristics, quality control/quality assurance, and in the future, the ability to develop a robust link to minimising environmental impact of the discharge.All of these benefits will aid in developing drilling fluids which achieve the technical objectives of drilling fluids as well as minimising the environmental impact. The quality control procedures for the base fluid also allow an auditable process for benchmarking with input from the regulator, operator, fluid service company and manufacturer.
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Huang, Ning, Kaihe Lv, Jinsheng Sun, Jingping Liu, Jintang Wang, and Zonglun Wang. "Study on the Low-Temperature Rheology of Polar Drilling Fluid and Its Regulation Method." Gels 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9020168.
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Drilling fluid is the blood of drilling engineering. In the polar drilling process, the ultra-low temperature environment puts high demands on the rheological performance of drilling fluids. In this paper, the effects of temperature, ice debris concentration and weighting agent on the rheological properties of drilling fluids were studied. It was found that the lower the temperature and the higher the ice debris concentration, the higher the drilling fluid viscosity, but when the ice debris concentration was below 2%, the drilling fluid rheology hardly changed. Secondly, the low temperature rheological properties of drilling fluid were adjusted by three different methods: base fluid ratio, organoclay, and polymers (dimer acid, polymethacrylate, ethylene propylene copolymer, and vinyl resin). The results showed that the base fluid rheological performance was optimal when the base fluid ratio was 7:3. Compared with polymers, organoclay has the most significant improvement on the low temperature rheological performance of drilling fluid. The main reason is that organoclay can transform the drilling fluid from Newtonian to non-Newtonian fluid, which exhibits excellent shear dilution of drilling fluid. The organoclay is also more uniformly dispersed in the oil, forming a denser weak gel mesh structure, so it is more effective in improving the cuttings carrying and suspension properties of drilling fluids. However, the drilling fluid containing polymer additives is still a Newtonian fluid, which cannot form a strong mesh structure at ultra-low temperatures, and thus cannot effectively improve the low-temperature rheological performance of drilling fluid. In addition, when the amount of organoclay is 2%, the improvement rate of the yield point reaches 250% at −55 °C, which can effectively improve the cuttings carrying and suspension performance of drilling fluid at ultra-low temperature.
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Al-Ghanimi, Ghofran F., and Nada S. Al-Zubaidi. "Effect of Ferric Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Iraqi Bentonite Performance in Water Based Drilling Fluid." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.2.002.
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In oil and gas industry, the nanotechnology has been applied in different fields. Reservoir, exploration, drilling, completion, production, processing, and refinery are nanotechnology applications fields. Nanoparticles materials are one of the areas that are utilized in preparing drilling fluids. These nanomaterials are used to formulate high performance drilling fluids. In other words, these nano particles materials can be used to design smart drilling fluids. The properties of these drilling fluids can be met the well conditions requirements. The aim of this study is to enhance the performance of Iraqi bentonite in drilling fluids using nanomaterials. Iraqi calcium montmorillonite clay (Ca- bentonite) from Wadi Bashera in Iraqi Western Desert was obtained and studied in order to use it as an alternative active solid to the imported commercial bentonite. Water based drilling fluids were prepared with 3, 6, and 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. Mgnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) and ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) with different concentrations were used. The experimental work showed that, MgO NPs resulted in a significant increase in the rheological properties of drilling fluids prepared with 3 and 6 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. In contrast, moderate effect on the rheological properties of drilling fluid prepared with 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite were obtained with low concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs. Basically drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite had extreme filtrate volume compared with API specifications and poor controlling to filtration properties were obtained with MgO NPs and Fe2O3 NPs additions. The impact of these two nanomaterials was revealed on the stability of drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite, where an enhancemment from 65 % to 100% was observed.
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Yalman, Emine, Gabriella Federer-Kovacs, and Tolga Depci. "Development of Water-Based Drilling Fluid in Mitigation of Differential Sticking Tendency." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 38, no. 2 (2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.2.2.
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The objective of the study is to design a drilling fluid that prevents differential pressure pipe sticking tendency caused by drilling fluid with fly ash that is an industrial waste generated from the combustion of coal. To this end, drilling fluid samples were prepared with different particle sizes obtained through the sieving and grinding process and increasing concentrations of fly ash. Differential pipe sticking tests of the samples were performed by applying 3.447 MPa (500 psi) pressure and using a Fann Model 21150 Differential Sticking Tester in order to determine how the coefficient of sticking and torque reading varied with the fly ash. From the results, it was observed that the coefficient of sticking and torque reading of the water-based drilling fluids decreased up to a specific concentration as the concentration of fly ash increased. Furthermore, particle size analysis illustrated that the coefficient of sticking and torque of the drilling fluid differs depending on the particle size of fly ash introduced. The drilling fluid designed with ground fly ash demonstrated lower sticking coefficient and torque reading than that of drilling fluids formulated with raw and sieved fly ashes. The experimental study revealed that fly ash is a promising additive in the mitigation of differential sticking tendency caused by water-based drilling fluids.
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Vamsi, Krishna Kudapa. "Experimental investigation of water based drilling mud by using graphene." i-manager's Journal on Material Science 10, no. 2 (2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jms.10.2.19037.
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In the oil and gas industry, the need for a particular composition-based drilling mud is characterized by its rheological and fluid loss properties. Enhancing these properties will increase the efficiency of drilling fluid and, hence, the wellbore damage will be controlled. Recent advancements show that the application of nanoparticles in drilling fluids will enhance their efficiency. This research investigates the influence of adding graphene nanoparticles on the performance of water-based drilling fluids. The main objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on water-based drilling mud with different concentrations of nanoparticles added to the mud.
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Sun, Yu Xue, Yu Ning Xie, and Chang Xiao. "MEG and its Application in Drilling Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2088.
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Recently, oil-based drilling fluids are used mainly in horizontal wells, which are highly cost and have a poor performance to carry cuttings and may result in environmental problems because of the ineffective dispose of drilling waste. Therefore, a study is commenced to develop a water-based drilling fluid system (MEG drilling fluid system) that can satisfy the needs of horizontal well. The study begins with the molecular structure and properties of monomers about MEG. Then it selected the treatment agent which has a good compatibility with MEG, and confirms a best formula of MEG drilling fluid system. By the comparison between MEG and other drilling fluids, the former has evident advantages in cave preventing, lubricity, solid carrying and formation damage controlling; also it can minimize the environmental effects. The above proves that MEG drilling fluid system can well meet the need for horizontal well drilling.
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Veisi, Erfan, Mastaneh Hajipour, and Ebrahim Biniaz Delijani. "Experimental study on thermal, rheological and filtration control characteristics of drilling fluids: effect of nanoadditives." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 75 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2020033.
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Cooling the drill bit is one of the major functions of drilling fluids, especially in high temperature deep drilling operations. Designing stable drilling fluids with proper thermal properties is a great challenge. Identifying appropriate additives for the drilling fluid can mitigate drill-bit erosion or deformation caused by induced thermal stress. The unique advantages of nanoparticles may enhance thermal characteristics of drilling fluids. The impacts of nanoparticles on the specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, rheological, and filtration control characteristics of water‐based drilling fluids were experimentally investigated and compared in this study. Al2O3, CuO, and Cu nanoparticles were used to prepare the water-based drilling nanofluid samples with various concentrations, using the two-step method. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were utilized to study the nanoparticle samples. The nanofluids stability and particle size distribution were, furthermore, examined using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The experimental results indicated that thermal and rheological characteristics are enhanced in the presence of nanoparticles. The best enhancement in drilling fluid heat capacity and thermal conductivity was obtained as 15.6% and 12%, respectively by adding 0.9 wt% Cu nanoparticles. Furthermore, significant improvement was observed in the rheological characteristics such as the apparent and plastic viscosities, yield point, and gel strength of the drilling nanofluids compared to the base drilling fluid. Addition of nanoparticles resulted in reduced fluid loss and formation damage. The permeability of filter cakes decreased with increasing the nanoparticles concentration, but no significant effect in filter cake thickness was observed. The results reveal that the application of nanoparticles may reduce drill-bit replacement costs by improving the thermal and drilling fluid rheological characteristics and decrease the formation damage due to mud filtrate invasion.
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Ali, Muhammad, Husna Hayati Jarni, Adnan Aftab, Abdul Razak Ismail, Noori M. Cata Saady, Muhammad Faraz Sahito, Alireza Keshavarz, Stefan Iglauer, and Mohammad Sarmadivaleh. "Nanomaterial-Based Drilling Fluids for Exploitation of Unconventional Reservoirs: A Review." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2020): 3417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133417.
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The world’s energy demand is steadily increasing where it has now become difficult for conventional hydrocarbon reservoir to meet levels of demand. Therefore, oil and gas companies are seeking novel ways to exploit and unlock the potential of unconventional resources. These resources include tight gas reservoirs, tight sandstone oil, oil and gas shales reservoirs, and high pressure high temperature (HPHT) wells. Drilling of HPHT wells and shale reservoirs has become more widespread in the global petroleum and natural gas industry. There is a current need to extend robust techniques beyond costly drilling and completion jobs, with the potential for exponential expansion. Drilling fluids and their additives are being customized in order to cater for HPHT well drilling issues. Certain conventional additives, e.g., filtrate loss additives, viscosifier additives, shale inhibitor, and shale stabilizer additives are not suitable in the HPHT environment, where they are consequently inappropriate for shale drilling. A better understanding of the selection of drilling fluids and additives for hydrocarbon water-sensitive reservoirs within HPHT environments can be achieved by identifying the challenges in conventional drilling fluids technology and their replacement with eco-friendly, cheaper, and multi-functional valuable products. In this regard, several laboratory-scale literatures have reported that nanomaterial has improved the properties of drilling fluids in the HPHT environment. This review critically evaluates nanomaterial utilization for improvement of rheological properties, filtrate loss, viscosity, and clay- and shale-inhibition at increasing temperature and pressures during the exploitation of hydrocarbons. The performance and potential of nanomaterials, which influence the nature of drilling fluid and its multi-benefits, is rarely reviewed in technical literature of water-based drilling fluid systems. Moreover, this review presented case studies of two HPHT fields and one HPHT basin, and compared their drilling fluid program for optimum selection of drilling fluid in HPHT environment.
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Kuru, Ergun. "Technology Focus: Drilling and Completion Fluids (November 2021)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1121-0050-jpt.
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Design and development of optimal drilling-fluid systems, as well as their proper maintenance while drilling, are essential components of any successful drilling campaign. As the oil and gas industry is drilling in more-challenging areas (e.g., unconventional shale oil/gas wells, deepwater offshore wells, and deep high-pressure/high-temperature sour gas wells), the demand for more-accurate real-time assessment of the downhole state of the drilling fluids during drilling operations increases. Recent developments in drilling systems automation provide a multitude of opportunities to have real-time monitoring of drilling-fluid properties and early diagnosis of drilling-fluid-related complications that might arise while drilling. Coupled with closed-loop control of surface and downhole drilling-fluid properties, automated monitoring of fluid properties would allow rig personnel to make timely corrections to the drilling-fluid program, which eventually would lead to more-cost-efficient and safer drilling operations. This feature provides examples of such new technologies that can be used as part of the automated drilling-fluid monitoring system, allowing real-time control of drilling-fluid rheological properties (i.e., density and viscosity) and management of solids content with potential benefits of real-time management of equivalent circulating density, effective hole cleaning/cuttings transport, increasing drilling rate, and reducing nonproductive time, resulting in safer wells drilled at minimum costs. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 199101 - Field Results of a Real-Time Drilling-Fluid Monitoring System by Sérgio Magalhães, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, et al. SPE 200990 - Intelligent Pressure-Control System for Managed-Pressure Drilling by Zhao Hui Song, Engineering Technology Research Institute of XDEC, et al. SPE 203389 - Real-Time Measurement of Drilling-Fluid Rheology and Density Using Acoustics by Paul Ofoche, Texas A&M University, et al.
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Moraru, V. N. "DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETITIVE DRILLING FLUIDS FOR HORIZONTAL DIRECTED DRILLING BASED ON BENTONITE OF CHERKASKY DEPOSIT." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2022.05.
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Taking into account the need for the post-war reconstruction of the country’s infrastructure, the development of high-quality drilling fluids based on Ukrainian mineral raw materials becomes a particularly urgent problem. Detailed studies of the rheological properties of aqueous dispersions of Na+-bentonite from the Cherkasky deposit (Ukraine) were carried out in relation to the development of drilling fluids for horizontal directional drilling. The effect of pH, ionic strength, concentration of the solid phase, alkaline reagent (Na2CO3) and polymer additives (PAC and PAA) on the rheological properties of Na+-bentonite dispersions was studied, and the most important correlations between the specified parameters and the performance characteristics of ready-made drilling fluids for horizontal directional drilling were obtained. A new, more effective PAA polymer is proposed to improve the viscosity-speed characteristics and other indicators of drilling fluids instead of the scarce imported PAC-polymer, and its optimal concentration is determined. It was established that with the introduction of small additives (0.005–0.025 %) of PAA polymer, drilling fluid based on Cherkasky Na+-bentonite in all its rheological characteristics is not inferior to imported analogues. The joint analysis of the obtained dependencies allowed to develop the optimal technology for obtaining bentonite gel and drilling fluids based on it, the indicators of which meet the requirements of the horizontal directional drilling. Based on the results of comparative studies of the rheological properties of drilling fluids in a wide range of deformation rates (0–1312 s–1), the competitiveness of the new drilling fluids has been proven on par with the best foreign analogues. Bibl. 17, Fig. 10, Tab. 4.
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Jha*, Dr Praveen Kumar, Dr Vinod Kumar Saxena, Prof Suresh Kumar Yatirajula, and Dr Ayanagounder Kumar. "Impact of Natural Polymer (Xanthan Gum) and Bentonite Clay on the Development of Oil-In-Water (O/W) Emulsion Drilling Fluids." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 10 (August 30, 2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i9344.08101021.
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Drilling fluid plays the same role in oil and gas well drilling as the blood in human body. A new type of oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion drilling fluid has been developed using diesel oil as dispersed phase, brine water as continuous phase, xanthan gum as viscosity modifier and clay as emulsion stabilizer and filtration controlling agent. Initially, standard recommended techniques were opted to detect the rheological properties of the emulsions. The fluids have also shown stable properties upto 70°C after aging for 24 h. As drilling fluids encounter a lot of variation in temperature and pressure as drilling depth increases, hence the stability of such fluids becomes an imperative parameter. Furthermore, emulsion itself is a heterogeneous fragile system so the stability was investigated using shear stress-shear rate rheology measurements. Emulsions have shown strong shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) behaviour which is considered an advantageous property for the drilling fluids. Experiments conducted to determine the dynamic rheology of the emulsions have shown the elastic behaviour towards emulsion breakdown processes. The fluids have also shown physical stability after 30 days at ambient conditions. Inter-facial variables such as zaeta potential, inter-racial tension (IFT) and contact angle measurements were conducted to examine their role in stability characterization.
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Wang, Jian Hua, Jian Nan Li, Li Li Yan, and Yi Hui Ji. "Preparation of a Novel Nano-Polymer as Plugging and Filtration Loss Agent for Oil-Based Drilling Fluids." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2602.
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Oil-based drilling fluids and synthetic based drilling fluids are frequently used in shale-gas plays when wellbore stability is necessary. In this paper, a novel nano-polymer, as a plugging agent in oil-based drilling fluid, was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analyses (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rheological properties, high temperature-high pressure (HTHP) filtration properties and permeability plugging properties of oil-based drilling fluids were greatly improved by adding the nano-polymer, due to its nanometer size and the compact layer formed on the surface of the core.
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Myslyuk, М. А. "On the assessment of the carrying capacity of drilling fluids." SOCAR Proceedings, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5510/ogp20230100801.
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Methods for evaluating the carrying capacity of drilling fluids for effective hole cleaning are considered. An indicator of the carrying capacity of drilling fluids is proposed, considering the completeness of the flow profile in the annulus. For the rheological models of Newton, Ostwald, Bingham, Herschel – Bulkley and Shulman – Casson, the influence of flow rate and rheological properties on the carrying capacity index in laminar flow in a concentric annular gap is studied. Based on the analysis of field data, the effect of temperature on the carrying capacity of drilling fluids is shown. Keywords: carrying capacity; drilling fluid; laminar flow; rheological model.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Automated Drilling-Fluids-Measurement Technique Improves Fluid Control, Quality." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1121-0053-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 204041, “Automatic Drilling-Fluids Monitoring,” by Knut Taugbøl, SPE, Equinor, and Bengt Sola and Matthew Forshaw, SPE, Baker Hughes, et al., prepared for the 2021 SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Stavanger, 9–11 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The complete paper presents new units for automatic drilling-fluids measurements with emphasis on offshore drilling applications. The surveillance of fluid properties and the use of data in an onshore operations center is discussed. The authors present experiences from use of these data in enabling real-time hydraulic measurements and models for automatic drilling control and explain how these advances can improve safety in drilling operations and drilling efficiency. Introduction An operator has worked with different suppliers for several years to find and develop technology for automatic measurements of drilling-fluid properties. In the described study, methods for measuring parameters such as viscosity, fluid loss control, pH, electrical stability, particle-size distribution, and cuttings morphology and mineralogy were all fitted into a flow loop in an onshore test center. These tests, however, were all performed with prototype equipment. Since then, work has continued to optimize equipment for offshore installations, made for operating in harsh environments and requiring limited maintenance to provide continuous and reliable data quality. The fluid-measuring technique presented in this paper is based on rheology measurement through a pipe rheometer and density measurements through a Coriolis meter. This rheometer measures at ambient temperature. Dual DP is the terminology that refers to pressure measurements between two differential pressure sensors. The dual-DP pipe rheometer is set up with high-accuracy pressure transducers to measure pressure loss inside the straight section of the pipe rheometer. By varying the flow rate through pipes of different dimensions, a rheology profile at varying shear rates can be calculated. Field Implementation Installation of a unit begins with a rig survey conducted in concert with the drilling contractor to find the best location and sampling point. Fluid normally is taken from the charge manifold for the mud pumps, ensuring measurement of the fluid going into the well. The first installation in the North Sea of an automatic fluid-monitoring (AFM) unit was in 2017. This unit is still operational, sending data to an onshore support center. Fig. 1 shows such a unit installed offshore. The AFM unit has only one movable part, the monopump supplying drilling fluid through the unit. Once the dual-DP rheometer was factory-acceptance-tested in the yard, it was sent offshore to be commissioned and verified on a fixed installation in the North Sea. The related data presented in the complete paper were acquired in the field while drilling the 355-m, 8½-in. section with 1.35-SG low-equivalent-circulating-density oil-based drilling fluid, with drilling conducted at approximately 4000 m measured depth. The mud engineer onboard was requested to perform rheology checks on a viscometer at equal ambient temperature to the AFM so that the results could be compared; the AFM also measures rheology at ambient temperature.
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Wiśniowski, Rafał, and Grzegorz Orłowicz. "Theory of the Vom Berg Rheological Model and Its Use in Cloud-Native Application." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 4481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124481.
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Various technological fluids, such as drilling muds, drill-in fluids, fracturing fluids, spacers, washes and cement slurries are used in the wellbore drilling process. The fundamental issue, which needs to be addressed in order to become acquainted with the phenomena occurring during fluids flow through a circulatory system, is to establish mutual dependencies between a stream of fluid being pumped and flow resistances. The awareness of these dependencies enables the optimisation of hydraulic parameters in order to minimise costs and maximise drilling works safety. This article presents rheological models of drilling fluids and proposes the application of a new rheological model, not used in the drilling industry so far, namely the Vom Berg model. The model has been presented in other publications; however, there is an unsolved and unpublished problem of determining the effect of rheological parameters of the model on the value of resistance to laminar and turbulent flow. In this article, algorithms and Cloud-Native application enabling numerical determination of rheological properties of the Vom Berg fluid are presented. What is more, an algorithm for calculating pressure losses during the laminar flow of fluid in a pipe is provided. Taking an example from the industry, a practical application of the proposed calculation methodology is presented.
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Peng, Chunyao, Wenqiang Feng, Xiaohu Luo, Shujiao Li, and Chen Riji. "An Environmentally Friendly Wbm System Can Prevent Hard Brittle Shale Instability." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 32, no. 2 (March 17, 2022): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.32.2.843.
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In the Weizhou Southwest oilfields, drilling delays and suspension of wells prior to reaching the targets due to wellbore instability had occurred frequently. The hard brittle shale played a problematic role. Conventional water-based drilling fluids didn’t conquer the problematic formation due to intrinsically performance deficiencies. While Oil based drilling fluids are routinely preferred in the more technically demanding applications, they are cause for increasing concern due to offshore environmental restrictions and expensive disposal costs. An environmentally acceptable water-based drilling fluid was developed to challenge the problematic formation based on the combination of methylglucoside-silicate concept. It stabilized the reactive shale by the same mechanism as did oil-based drilling fluid in preventing shale hydration, pore pressure increase and weakening of shale by effectively developing sufficient osmotic force to offset hydraulic and chemical forces acting to cause filtration flux into the hard brittle shale. A field trial was initiated on the CNOOC 931 platform in Weizhou oilfield. The data from the pilot well showed that the novel drilling fluid exhibited excellent inhibition and lubricity which approached or even exceeded oil-based fluids.
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Almahdawi, Dr Faleh H. M., Dr Mohammad N. Hussain, and Haider Salim Jasim. "Plum Tree Gums as Local Alternatives for Foreign Drilling Fluid Materials." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 7, no. 3 (May 7, 2021): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v7i3.158.
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A few years ago oil well drilling cost increased due to using modern technique such as equipment and materials that are used by specialist companies so studies and researches were required to decrease these costs. In this study we tried to find local alternatives for foreign drilling fluid materials that are aimed to decrease oil well drilling cost although the cost of drilling fluid materials reach to 30 % of total materials cost of drilling oil well.
In the first part of this study seven local materials and it's tested under API Specification 13A for Drilling Fluids Materials were investigated. Plum Tree Gum was succeeded in this test among several other materials as drilling fluid materials. The second part of this study was a comparison between these local alternative and similar foreign materials for same sample to show physical and rheological properties. The third part of this study was tested this local alternative under different values temperature to show effect the temperature on physical and rheological properties of this local alternative. The results approved that; Plum Tree Gum, local alternative, can use as filtration control materials for water based drilling fluid. Also this local alternative increased viscosity as minimal for water based drilling fluids, So it can be used as part alternative for Bentonite to increase viscosity by increasing Yield point and decreasing solids concentration in drilling fluids so it has positive effect on Rig equipment’s and Pay-zone. Plum Tree Gum is Ore polymers (plant origin)
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Soriano, Víctor. "Technology Focus: Drilling and Completion Fluids (November 2023)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1123-0050-jpt.
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Today, the industry faces tremendous challenges related to safety, efficiency, sustainability, and socioenvironmental responsibility. At every stage, well-construction projects must be concerned about those aspects to establish measurable barriers for preventing issues. Therefore, drilling and completion fluids are critical for achieving project goals and ensuring operations are executed as planned. Drilling and completion fluid selection is a complex process in which addressing future downhole conditions for predicting potential problems is vital to eliminating nonproductive time. Conventional deep high-pressure/high-temperature wells in South sub-Andean Bolivia or unconventional long horizontal wells in Argentina are pushing drilling-fluid design to its limits with regard to keeping equivalent circulating density (ECD) as low as possible while preventing formation damage. Paper SPE 211539 describes several successful applications of low ECD organophilic clay-free inverted emulsion fluid in reaching project goals in challenging environments. On the other hand, constant monitoring of drilling-fluid properties also is necessary. Fluid properties must be monitored so additives can be adjusted to prevent problems. Even though conventional monitoring relies on humans for performing periodic tests, recent technology developments offer a solution for complex drilling operations by allowing continuous real-time monitoring of drilling-fluid properties using sensors and artificial intelligence, as fully described in paper SPE 212443. Finally, discussion of drilling and completion fluids must mention solids-control equipment. Ensuring that fluid properties are within acceptable ranges without discarding valuable additives is the main objective of any solids-control-equipment arrangement. Things become more complicated when working with low-density drilling fluids, where a comprehensive understanding of solids-removal techniques and their customization for a particular application requires research and laboratory-scale trials, which are rare in the literature. Paper SPE 212470 provides relevant and novel information through a full-scale test program for solids-control-equipment efficiency optimization focused on treating low-density muds. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 211509 High-Fluid-Loss Squeeze and Reticulated Foam Lost-Circulation Material Plugs 40,000-Micron Laboratory Simulated Fracture/Vug Opening by Sharath Savari, Halliburton, et al. SPE 214171 Using Cerium Oxide (6.0 SG) as Weighting Material in HT/HP Drilling Fluids by Gholam Reza Soori, Cahya Mata Oiltools, et al.
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Liu, Fei, and Yan Ling Wang. "Synthesis and Performance Study of the Nanomaterial Used to Stabilize the Reversible Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluid." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.498.
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The reversible invert emulsion drilling fluids can achieve performance of oil based drilling fluid and solve the disadvantages associated by the oil based drilling fluid. This reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid can also focus the advantages of both oil based and water based drilling fluids. The surfactant emulsifier is the currently reported emulsifier used in the reversible invert emulsion. The stability of the reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid is very poor that can be known from the low emulsion breaking voltage. The dosage of the surfactant emulsifier is so much that it can increase the drilling cost and environmental pollution. In this paper, organic amine surfactant-modified nanoparticles are prepared and the modified nanoparticle which can be used to stabilize the reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid is chosen. The stability of the reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid stabilized by modified nanoparticles (emulsion breaking voltage>1100V) is better than the reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid stabilized by surfactant (450V<emulsion breaking voltage<600V). The dosage of the organic amine surfactant-modified nanoparticle emulsifier (2.4 wt.%) is less than the dosage of the surfactant emulsifier (4 wt.%), hence, reducing the drilling cost and environmental threat. The reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid stabilized by modified nanoparticles perform similar to the reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid stabilized by surfactant in the aspect of oiliness cuttings treatment. The reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid stabilized by modified nanoparticles also perform well in the aspect of oiliness cuttings treatment.
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Song, Jianrui, and He Zhang. "Research on the Error Calibration Method of Rheological Parameters of Rectangular Tubular Viscometer." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 2 (February 26, 2024): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/4njgcs98.
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In order to solve the problem of high error in the process of measuring the rheology of drilling fluids by the common pipe flow method, an online measurement device for the rheology of drilling fluids with rectangular tubular drilling fluids was fabricated, and a calibration method for the measurement error of rheological parameters was proposed and corresponding experiments were carried out. By measuring the differential pressure value and flow, flow rate and other parameters when the drilling fluid flows through the measuring tube, upload them to the host computer for processing, use VMD to decompose the measured differential pressure data, remove the residual term, and then perform Hibert transform on each modal component to obtain its analytical signal, modulate the amplitude and phase of each analytical signal, and then reconstruct the signal to obtain the optimized differential data, and finally bring it into the constructed calibration model of the rheological parameter measurement error of drilling fluid to obtain the rheological parameters. The experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain more accurate rheological parameters of drilling fluid, improve the measurement accuracy of drilling fluid rheology parameters, so as to judge the downhole situation more accurately and ensure the personal safety of on-site staff.
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Liu, Jingping, Zhiwen Dai, Ke Xu, Yuping Yang, Kaihe Lv, Xianbin Huang, and Jinsheng Sun. "Water-Based Drilling Fluid Containing Bentonite/Poly(Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate) Composite for Ultrahigh-Temperature Ultradeep Drilling and Its Field Performance." SPE Journal 25, no. 03 (January 10, 2020): 1193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199362-pa.
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Summary The rapidly increasing global oil/gas demand and gradual depletion of shallow reservoirs require the development of deep oil/gas reservoirs and geothermal reservoirs. However, deep drilling suffers from drilling-fluid failures under ultrahigh temperature, which cause serious accidents such as wellbore collapse, stuck pipe, and even blowouts. In this study, we revealed the role of polymeric additives in improving the ultrahigh-temperature tolerance of bentonite-based drilling fluids, aiming to provide practical and efficient solutions to the failure of drilling fluids in severe conditions. By adding poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) to the original drilling fluid containing bentonite, significant fluid loss—as a consequence of bentonite-particle flocculation causing drilling-fluid shear-stress reduction and high-permeability mud—is successfully suppressed even at temperature as high as 200°C. This drilling fluid containing PSS was applied in the drilling of high-temperature deep wells in Xinjiang province, China, and exhibited high effectiveness in controlling accidents including overflow and leakage. NOTE: A supplementary file is available in the Supporting Information section.
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Sarbast, Rasan, Ibtisam Kamal, Namam Salih, and Alain Préat. "Aqueous drilling fluids systems incorporated with green nanoparticles and industrial spent caustic: Optimum rheology and filtration loss properties." E3S Web of Conferences 405 (2023): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340501013.
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Drilling fluids are one of the most significant components of drilling operations for proper functions including fluid loss reduction into the formation and outstanding rheological properties. The drilling fluids according to environmental regulations and governmental rules have to be friendly to the environment to lessen the negative effects on the environment and improve safety. In the current study, a cost-effective industrial alkali waste (spent caustic) was used as a pH controller along with the environmentally friendly uncoated and Chitosan-coated green magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in water-based drilling fluid systems. The study focuses on exploring the impact of the alkali waste compared to the conventional alkali (NaOH) on rheology and filtration loss properties. The flow models of the drilling fluid systems were examined. The results proved that the drilling fluid formulated with polymer-coated green MNPs and waste alkali exhibited higher rheological properties and lower mud cake thickness and filtration volume compared to the reference fluid, thus, the waste alkali could replace NaOH as a pH controller. The flow behavior of new fluids could be described precisely using the Herschel-Bulkley flow model. Whereas, the Bingham plastic flow model described the fluid systems incorporated with uncoated and polymer-coated green NPs and NaOH.
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Alvi, Muhammad Awais Ashfaq, Mesfin Belayneh, Sulalit Bandyopadhyay, and Mona Wetrhus Minde. "Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 6718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246718.
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In recent years, several studies have indicated the impact of nanoparticles (NPs) on various properties (such as viscosity and fluid loss) of conventional drilling fluids. Our previous study with commercial iron oxide NPs indicated the potential of using NPs to improve the properties of a laboratory bentonite-based drilling fluid without barite. In the present work, iron oxide NPs have been synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The effect of these hydrophilic NPs has been evaluated in bentonite and KCl-based drilling fluids. Rheological properties at different temperatures, viscoelastic properties, lubricity, and filtrate loss were measured to study the effect of NPs on the base fluid. Also, elemental analysis of the filtrate and microscale analysis of the filter cake was performed. Results for bentonite-based fluid showed that 0.019 wt% (0.1 g) of NPs reduced the coefficient of friction by 47%, and 0.0095 wt% (0.05 g) of NPs reduced the fluid loss by 20%. Moreover, for KCl-based fluids, 0.019 wt% (0.1 g) of additive reduced the coefficient of friction by 45%, while higher concentration of 0.038 wt% (0.2 g) of NPs shows 14% reduction in the filtrate loss. Microscale analysis shows that presence of NPs in the cake structure produces a more compact and less porous structure. This study indicates that very small concentration of NPs can provide better performance for the drilling fluids. Additionally, results from this work indicate the ability of NPs to fine-tune the properties of drilling fluids.
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Cao, Xiao Chun, Yan Yu Li, Dong Liang Yang, and Kun Ke. "Study on Preparation and Evaluation of Micro Zirconia Particles Used in Drilling Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.175.
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This article explains how to prepare zirconia (ZrO2) mico particles and demonstrates how to evaluate the performance of drilling fluids containing ZrO2. Sheet ZrO2micro articles were prepared using hydrothermal synthesis method and were observed using particle image equipment. The performances of drilling fluids before and after various doses of ZrO2added were compared. The result shows that sheet ZrO2micro particles can adjust the rheological properties of drilling fluid.
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Alasaly, Hasanaliabbood, and Ibtehal Kareem Shakir. "Enhance the Properties of Lignosulfonate Mud by Adding Nanoparticles of Aluminum Oxide and Iron Oxide." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 23, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.4.
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Oil well drilling fluid rheology, lubricity, swelling, and fluid loss control are all critical factors to take into account before beginning the hole's construction. Drilling fluids can be made smoother, more cost-effective, and more efficient by investigating and evaluating the effects of various nanoparticles including aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) on their performance. A drilling fluid's performance can be assessed by comparing its baseline characteristics to those of nanoparticle (NPs) enhanced fluids. It was found that the drilling mud contained NPs in concentrations of 0,0.25, 0. 5, 0.75 and 1 g. According to the results, when drilling fluid was used without NPs, the coefficient of fraction (CoF) was 44%, when added Al2O3 NP and Fe2O3 NP at 0.75g reduced CoF by 31% and 33% respectively. When Al2O3 and Fe2O3 NPs were used, particularly at a concentration of 1g, the amount of mud filtration decreased from 13.5ml to 9.3 ml and 8.5 ml respectively. Additional improvements rheological properties as well as swelling when Fe2O3NPs and Al2O3 NPs were added at 1g. Overall, it was found that adding NPs to the Lignosulfonate-WBM at a concentration of 1g can improve rheological, swelling, and filtration properties as well as lubrication at 0.75g.
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Zhang, Jun Rui, Meng Dan Xu, Georgios E. Christidis, and Chun Hui Zhou. "Clay minerals in drilling fluids: functions and challenges." Clay Minerals 55, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/clm.2020.10.
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AbstractThe addition of clay minerals in drilling fluids modifies the dispersion's viscosity. In this article, scientific advances related to the use of clays and clay minerals (bentonite, palygorskite, sepiolite and mixtures of clay minerals) in drilling fluids are summarized and discussed based on their specific structure, rheological properties, applications, prevailing challenges and future directions. The rheological properties of drilling fluids are affected by the temperature, type of electrolytes, pH and concentration of clay minerals. Bentonites are smectite-rich clays often used in drilling fluids, and their composition varies from deposit to deposit. Such variations significantly affect the behaviour of bentonite-based drilling fluids. Palygorskite is suitable for use in oil-based drilling fluids, but the gelation and gel structures of palygorskite-added drilling fluids have not received much attention. Sepiolite is often used in water-based drilling fluids as a rheological additive. Dispersions containing mixtures of clays including bentonite, kaolin, palygorskite and sepiolite are used in drilling fluids requiring specific features such as high-density drilling fluids or those used in impermeable slurry walls. In these cases, the surface chemistry–microstructure–property relationships of mixed-clay dispersions need to be understood fully. The prevailing challenges and future directions in drilling fluids research include safety, ‘green’ processes and high-temperature and high-pressure-resistant clay minerals.
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Chen, Haodong, Ming Luo, Wandong Zhang, Cheng Han, and Peng Xu. "Ultra-Low-Density Drilling Fluids for Low-Pressure Coefficient Formations: Synergistic Effects of Surfactants and Hollow Glass Microspheres." Processes 11, no. 7 (July 17, 2023): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072129.
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With the increase in drilling fluid density requirements in low-pressure coefficient formations, traditional hollow bead drilling fluids and foam drilling fluids each have different degrees of deficiencies. Through extensive indoor experiments, an amphoteric surfactant (cocoamidopropyl betaine) with better foaming performance was selected to formulate an ultra-low-density drilling fluid that combines a foaming agent and hollow glass microbeads to reduce the density of the fluid, with the following specific formulation: 3% bentonite slurry + 0.3% xanthan gum + 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose + 0.5% starch + 2% lignite resin + 2% blocking agent + 4% hollow glass microspheres + 0.5% foaming agent + 2% nano blocking agent. The performance of the system was evaluated, and the results showed that: the density of the ultra-low-density drilling fluid did not change much before and after aging at 80 °C and was relatively stable; the filter loss amount of the drilling fluid (tested by API) reached 4.6 mL, which meets the requirements for filter loss of drilling fluid; it can bear the pressure of 12 MPa under a 60–90-mesh sand bed and has better pressure sealing capability than hollow glass microbead drilling fluid.
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Yodgorov, Nizomiddin, Mirzohid Abdukarimov, Shaxboz Norkulov, Ramiz Suyunov, and Muhammad Khabibillaev. "Development of inhibitory drilling fluid for drilling in clay layer." E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 05073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340105073.
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The article presents the results of research on the development of efficient compositions of inhibitory drilling fluid based on local raw materials and production waste. The efficiency of technological factors and composition of developed complex inhibitors on the physicochemical properties of emulsion and oil-emulsion drilling fluids have been studied.
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Rossi, Arley Silva, Marina Seixas Pereira, Jéssika Marina dos Santos, Irineu Petri Jr., and Carlos Henrique Ataíde. "Fundamentals of Microwave Heating and Drying of Drilled Cuttings." Materials Science Forum 899 (July 2017): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.899.528.
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Drilled cuttings contaminated by non aqueous drilling fluids are the major waste from oil well drilling activities. More restrictive environmental legislation has led to the search for alternative technologies to promote cuttings decontamination according to the law. The mixture of cuttings and fluid returning from the well goes through a set of separation equipments, called solids control systems, in order to recover the drilling fluid for reuse. The cuttings from the solids control system must be decontaminated before they can be discharged into the sea. Microwave heating has been studied over the past few years as an alternative to promote the decontamination of this waste and has been shown to be a promising technology. This work aimed to investigate fundamental aspects of microwave heating and drying of drilled cuttings. The heating curve of two different drilling fluids commonly employed in well-drilling operations was obtained. The kinetics of drying of cuttings contaminated with these drilling fluids was also investigated. It was evaluated the behavior of organic phase and water removal in the microwave drying process.