Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Drilling waste'

A análise e comparação dos dados de geração, transporte, tratamento e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos gerados durante as duas campanhas (2011 e 2013) da atividade de perfuração marítima exploratória no Bloco BM-J-2, sem e com a utilização de uma área de armazenamento temporário de resíduos exclusiva para esta operação teve como objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade dessas duas alternativas de operacionalização do gerenciamento de resíduos em regiões onde a indústria de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás não está consolidada. O atendimento aos requisitos legais brasileiros, com a implementação do Projeto de Controle da Poluição para atendimento às orientações da Nota Técnica CGPEG/DILIC/IBAMA numéro 01/11, permitiu que os dados gerados durante as duas campanhas de perfuração pudessem ser comparados, ainda que gerados em momentos operacionais distintos. A similaridade do perfil de geração de resíduos nos dois períodos de operação e os resultados das diferentes estratégias de gerenciamento adotadas, permitiu definir a utilização da área de armazenamento temporário, ainda que exclusiva e construída para atendimento à operação, como melhor estratégia de gerenciamento também para regiões em que a indústria de EeP ainda não está consolidada, com incremento qualitativo das formas de tratamento e disposição final adotadas e melhoria de indicadores quantitativos, como redução do número de eventos de transporte.
The analysis and comparison of generation, transportation, treatment and final disposal data of the solid waste, generated during two campaigns (2011 and 2013) of exploratory offshore drilling activity in Block BM-J-2, with and without the use of a waste temporary storage exclusive area for this operation aimed to verify the applicability of these two waste management operational alternatives in regions where the oil and gas exploration and production industry is not consolidated. The compliance with Brazilian legal requirements, with the implementation of Pollution Control Project according to Technical Note CGPEG / DILIC / IBAMA number 01/11 guideline, allowed the comparision of data generated during the two drilling campaigns, even though they have been generated in different moments. The similarity of waste generation profiles of both operational periods and the results of different management strategies adopted, allowed to define the use of the temporary storage area, even if exclusive and built for the operation, as the best management strategy for regions where the EeP industry still not consolidated, with qualitative increase of treatment and disposal methods adopted and quantitative indicators improvement, as reduction of transport events.

The aim of the thesis is to outline why hydrocarbons still so important nowadays and how to manage the environmental impact in a sustainable way, in particular the management and disposal of the waste stream of drilling cuttings. The paper present the importance of the Oil and Gas sector, the petroleum generation, the Oil and Gas exploitation and production and the waste stream generated by it with a particular focus on drilling muds and drilling cuttings. An analysis among the different types drilling muds (i.e. drilling fluids) in particular on the oil-based (OBM) one has been performed because of the important environmental impact and the consequently waste management needed. Among the different possible technologies have been analyzed in detail the more reliable one according with the economical, legal and environmental constrains. The chosen technologies are Solidification/Stabilization (S/S), Composting (bio-pile technology), Thermal desorption, Cement Plant AFR (Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials and Eko/grid technology. A business plan has been implemented to understand which one between those technologies is the more suitable in some possible different scenarios where the main driver take in account are local actual economical, social and political situation, law limits, logistic and duration of the project Ten different cases have been studied, two different scenarios for each of the five chosen technologies. The two different chosen scenarios are Europe and North Africa The results presented shall be taken as an exercise the demonstrate how to approach a new business in the field of Drilling Waste Management (DWM) and calculate a DWM Company start-up costs and finance required and a basic P&L (Profit & Loss). The business plan model in the way has been implemented can be used to assess quickly the convenience of one technology with respect another for a Start Up company or can be a tool used for assessing a new investment linked to a project.

Abstract Beneficial Reuse of Corrugated Paperboard in Civil Engineering Applications Gregory Michael Stone An investigation was conducted to explore the potential for reuse of corrugated paperboard. Corrugated paperboard represents a large fraction of the municipal solid waste generated and discarded in the United States. Alternative applications for reuse can provide a significant benefit by reducing the volume of waste being disposed and by reducing the use of raw materials. Four civil engineering applications were examined for potential beneficial reuse of corrugated paperboard: slurry trench construction, vertical drilling, directional drilling, and controlled low strength materials (CLSM). For the purpose of this project, corrugated paperboard was pulped and added to bentonite slurry or CLSM mixtures. Bentonite slurry mixtures were tested for viscosity, density, filtrate loss, and permeability. The behavior of the bentonite slurries was greatly influenced by interaction and interlocking of corrugate fibers; in general resulting in increased viscosity, filtrate loss, and permeability and decreased density. CLSM mixtures were tested for flow consistency, unit weight, air content, and compressive strength. CLSM mixtures prepared with corrugated paperboard showed an increased water demand due to high absorption of the corrugate. The higher water content was a significant factor contributing to decreased unit weight and compressive strength. CLSM mixtures containing corrugated paperboard also exhibited increased air contents, possibly due to entrapment of air within the corrugate pulp. Corrugated paperboard was used to successfully replace up to 27% of bentonite for slurry trench applications, 60% of bentonite for vertical drilling applications, and 59% of bentonite for directional drilling applications while maintaining acceptable engineering properties. For CLSM mixtures up to 1% of fine aggregate was replaced with corrugated paperboard while maintaining satisfactory engineering properties. Incorporation of corrugated paper board into bentonite slurry, CLSM, and drilling fluid applications provides a viable option for beneficial reuse.

Дисертація присвячена еколого-геологічному моніторингу та розробленню технічних засобів і технологічних рішень, спрямованих на підвищення екологічної безпеки досліджуваних об’єктів НГК. Зокрема, виявлено джерела та агенти забруднення довкілля об’єктами НГК, проведено аналіз сучасного стану еколого-геофізичних досліджень на об’єктах НГК, установлено наявність локальних температурних аномалій у приповерхневих шарах у межах зон забруднення нафтою і нафтопродуктами. Теоретично обґрунтовано природу виявлених аномалій. Розроблено комплексну методику еколого-геологічного моніторингу під час проведення бурових робіт, розміщення відходів буріння та експлуатації ПСГ. Методику апробовано в межах Бориславського та Полтавського нафтогазопромислових районів. Запропоновано техніко-технологічні засоби та рішення, що дали змогу суттєво покращити екологічний стан досліджуваних територій під час проведення бурових робіт і захоронення відходів буріння.
Диссертация посвящена эколого-геологическому мониторингу, разработке технических средств и технологических решений, направленных на обеспечение экологической безопасности объектов НТК. Поскольку разработанная методика экологического мониторинга базируется на определении параметров загрязнения приповерхностных слоев как объектов загрязнения и на определении техногенных и природных источников загрязнения, рассмотрены физико-географические условия и минералогический состав приповерхностных слоев, геологическое строение месторождений углеводородов. С целью определения ранга экологического мониторинга окружающей среды на основании анализа публикаций теоретических и фактических материалов разработана классификация экогеофизических методов. Согласно этой классификации они подразделяются на дистанционные, поверхностные и приповерхностные, скважинные. Автором впервые предложен и обоснован эффективный комплекс методов качественной и количественной оценки загрязнения окружающей среды объектами НГК на основе совокупного анализа геологических, геофизических и геохимических материалов, который позволяет дать экспрессную оценку экологической ситуации и детализировать ее в дальнейшем. Общепринятые геохимические методы исследования требуют значительных материальных затрат и времени для проведения полевых работ и лабораторных анализов. Кроме того, не всегда точки отбора проб совпадают с наиболее загрязненными участками. Поэтому сначала на участках возможного загрязнения производятся геофизические исследования (геотермия и метод естественного электрического поля), выделяются локальные температурные аномалии и направление движения грунтовых вод. На определенных геофизическими методами точках производится отбор проб для количественных геохимических исследований, определяются источники загрязнения и пути миграции загрязнителей. Разрабатываются и внедряются на практике природоохранные мероприятия на стадии проектирования, строительства и эксплуатации объектов НГК. Теоретически обоснована природа локальных температурных аномалий на загрязненных нефтью и нефтепродуктами участках, которые возникают в результате жизнедеятельности микроорганизмов. Показана возможность расчета величины температурной аномалии, при наличии информации о химическом составе нефтепродуктов, соотношении масс загрязнителя и почвы, а также масштабах загрязнения. При апробации разработанной методики выявлены источники загрязнения окружающей среды объектами НГК и установлено наличие локальных температурных аномалий в приповерхностных слоях в пределах зон загрязнения нефтью и нефтепродуктами. Апробация разработанного комплекса экологогеологических методов мониторинга загрязнения окружающей среды на Верхнемасловецком нефтяном и Андрияшевском газоконденсатном месторождениях, Угерском подземном хранилище газа, шламонакопителе отходов бурения показала возможность его использования на других техногенноопасных объектах НГК. На основании проведенных эколого-геологических исследований предложены технические средства и технологические решения, позволяющие существенно улучшить экологическое состояние исследуемых территорий при проведении буровых работ и захоронении отходов бурения. Впервые решено в комплексе и эффективно внедрено на практике повышение экологической безопасности проведения буровых работ, утилизации, размещения и захоронения отходов бурения. Доказано, что в нефтегазовой промышленности подземному захоронению промышленных сточных вод нет альтернативы, а безамбарное бурение возможно лишь при наличии шламонакопителя и нагнетательной скважины.
The dissertation is devoted to the ecological-geological monitoring and the development of technology and technological solutions directed to the improvement in the ecological safety of the objects of the oil and gas complex (OGC). Thus, the sources of the environmental pollution from the objects of OGC were found and the availability of local temperature anomalies was determined in the near-surface layers within the limits of the zones polluted with mineral oil. The nature of determined anomalies was theoretically grounded. Complex methods of ecological-geological monitoring while drilling, placing of drilling waste and exploitation of underground gas storage were developed. The methods were approved within the limits of the Boryslav and Poltava oil- and gas-commercial regions. Technical-technological methods and solutions were proposed that allowed to improve sufficiently the ecological state of the studied territories during drilling and burial of drilling waste.

Встановлено закономірності підвищення ефективності очищення бурових стічних вод з використанням алюміній гідроксохлоридсульфату, алюміній гідроксохлориду та сульфат залізовмісного реагенту. Встановлено межі застосування методу реагентної коагуляції з використанням алюміній гідроксохлориду для очищення БСВ залежно від концентрації завислих речовин та органічних домішок. Проведено дослідження цитогенетичних характеристик відходів буріння за показниками мітотичної активності у первинній кореневій меристемі тест-об'єкта Allium сера та індивідуальними абераціями хромосом в клітинах з використанням allium-сера тесту. Принципи термодинаміки нерівноважних процесів коагуляції виражено через безпосередньо вимірювані величини: питому електропровідність та коефіцієнт дифузії. Науково обґрунтовано систему спостережень за станом підземних вод під час спорудження свердловин.
Диссертация посвящена решению экологической проблемы - повышения экологической безопасности при сооружение нефтегазовых скважин. Установлены закономерности повышения эффективности очистки буровых сточных вод с использованием алюминий гидроксохлоридсульфата, алюминий гидроксохлорида и сульфата железа. Определена оптимальная доза коагулянтов алюминий гидроксохлорида и алюминий гидроксохлоридсульфата для очистки буровых сточных вод, которая составляет 0,7-0,8 кг/м3, что в два раза меньше, чем при использовании алюминий сульфата и сульфата железа. Температура среды, при которой процесс коагуляции будет наиболее эффективным, составляет: для алюминий гидроксохлорида, алюминий гидроксохлоридсульфата и сульфата железа 2-32 °С, для алюминий сульфата - 9-32 °С; рН среды - 6-7. Установлены границы применения метода реагентной коагуляции с использованием алюминий гидроксохлорида для очистки БСВ в зависимости от концентрации взвешеных веществ и органических примесей. Порог коагуляции при очистке буровых сточных вод составляет 6,5 кгО2у/м3 по органическим веществам (ХСК) и 17 кг/м3 по взвешеным веществам. При превышении этих показателей процесс коагуляцыя заканчивается пространственным структурообразованием. Предложена технологическая схема установки для очистки БСВ, обеспечивающая приготовление и дозирование реагентов, их перемешивания с БСВ, осаждение образованных хлопьев и уплотнение образованного осадка, сброс из установки очищенной воды и уплотненного осадка, что позволяет очистить БСВ до параметров, при которых возможно их повторное использование в производственном процессе. Разработана система водоснабжения и водоотвода на буровой площадке по двум отдельным линиям: для охлаждения оборудования целесообразно использовать свежую воду, для других технических целей -очищенные буровые сточные воды. Проведены исследования цитогенетических характеристик отходов бурения по показателям митотической активности в первичной корневой меристеме тест-объекта Allium сера и индивидуальным аберациям хромосом в клетках с использованием allium-сера теста. Принципы термодинамики неравновесных процессов коагуляции выражены через непосредственно измеряемые величины: удельную электропроводимость и коэффициент диффузии. Научно обоснованна система наблюдений за состоянием подземных вод при сооружении скважин.
The thesis is devoted to the solution of environmental problem - the enhancement of environmental safety of oil and gas drilling sites construction. The mechanism of drilling wastewaters treatment efficiency enhancement using aluminium hydrochloridesulfate, aluminium hydrochloride and iron-containing sulfate reagent is defined in the thesis. The boundary conditions of reagent coagulation application are set for aluminium hydrochloride treatment of drilling wastewaters, depending on the concentration of suspended particles and organic admixtures. Research of cytogenetic characteristics of drilling wastes was conducted by the indices of mitotic activity within the primary root formative tissue (meristem) of the test-object Allium сера and individual chromosomes aberrations within the cells of the test-object Allium сера. Principles of thermodynamics of coagulation non-equilibrium processes are expressed using directly measured values: specific conductivity and diffusion index. The system of groundwater monitoring is scientifically grounded for the processes of drilling wells construction.

Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) has been employed in many situations including cable lines under rivers and rehabilitation of pipelines under buildings and busy traffic. Within the context of a municipal landfill site, a by-product of organic waste (leachate) accumulates within an established landfill. Leachate is a liquid produced from the wastes placed inside landfills and rain that percolates through the wastes and reacts with the products of decomposition. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of employing HDD techniques to extract leachate in the municipal landfill application.

The fundamental principle of wellsite reclamation criteria is that reclaimed site conditions are to be assessed by comparing them to documented pre-disturbance conditions, or adjacent lands. The differences must not interfere with normal land use and must support comparable self-sustainable growth. Proper waste management and disposal methods which permit drilling operations to take place with temporary effects on the land, while also reducing the cost and time required to obtain final reclamation, are integral steps in successful site reclamation. The goal of all disposal options is to protect the environment and return the disposal site and any affected areas to equivalent land capability. Landfarming is a drilling waste disposal option for heavy invert mud system. By applying the drilling wastes over a selected plot of land and keeping the waste application within loading limits set by ERCB, landfarming is a productive efficient method of reclaiming contaminated sites. Landfarming may take place in either the topsoil or the subsoil, although the topsoil has been shown to provide a more favorable environment for microbial biodegradation of hydrocarbons in invert drilling muds. Due to the soil texture, nutrient availability and increased aeration, landfarming in the topsoil may lead to a more efficient and faster degradation rate of the drilling waste.

碩士
元智大學
機械工程學系
94
Abstract The objective of this study is intended to collect the drilling powders from printed circuit board (PCB) industry to synthesize cupric oxide and filling stuff of paint from utilizing a method of gravity sedimentation to recycle copper and epoxy resin/glass fiber separately. The waste powders were sized and dried, and then determine their properties. After a series processes of separation, sedimentation, determine the content of copper and the effect of recycling and economy. Then utilizing different concentration of acid and reaction temperature to synthesize cupric oxide, determine their content of copper and characteristic of surface. After synthesizing paint filling by epoxy resin/glass fiber, determine their fundamental characteristic. Results show that the C content in waste powders was only 24 %, which shows that the powders were complicated. The most 3 top chemicals were Cu (6.71 wt.%), Mg, and Al. After sedimentation test, it shows that there were about 91 % copper in collection tank 1 and 38 % in collection tank 2. All the epoxy resin/glass fiber in collection tank 3, 4, 5 and 6 were conforming to the standard of TCLP test to replace Kaolin to be filled stuff. The mass balance figure shows that there were about 66.3 g (purity up to 90 %) of copper recycled and about 850 g of epoxy resin/glass fiber recycled. The economic value of recycling from waste PCB drilling powders is up to 15000 dollars. One gram of copper could synthesize about 1.2 g cupric oxide (78.91 % copper ion content) in the optimum condition, the economic value of cupric oxide is twice as copper.

The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) endorsed the Reference Method for the Canada-Wide Standard (CWS) for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in Soil – Tier 1 Method in 2001. The purpose of the CWS is to provide laboratories with analytical methods for producing accurate and reproducible PHC soil chemistry analysis results. CWS PHC concentrations are reported according to the following carbon ranges/fractions: F1 (C6-C10), F2 (C10-C16), F3 (C16-C34) and F4 (>C34). The Canada-wide Standards for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in Soil provide generic soil quality guidelines for the each of the four PHC fractions. The CWS PHC extraction solvents inadvertently co-extract natural biogenic organic compounds (BOC) from organic soils. BOCs, such as waxes and fatty acids, are produced by living organisms such as plants, animals and microbes. PHC analysis of highly organic clean soils and manure compost can cause false exceedences of the F3 soil quality guidelines. This thesis presents a new mathematical Tier 2 approach to resolving biogenic interferences through the use of biogenic versus petrogenic Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) chromatogram patterns produced by the CWS PHC Tier 1 method. This approach is based on the results of four studies: i) 300-day crude oil contaminated peat and sand microcosm experiment; ii) 300-day diesel drilling waste contaminated manure compost and sand microcosm experiment; iii) PHC analysis of 14 light to heavy crude oils and iv) Canadian background PHC soil field survey. These studies determined that the clean soils and compost had F3 ranges that were dominated by the F3b sub-fraction range (C22-C34). In contrast, the F3a (C16-C22) and F3b sub-fraction ranges were evenly distributed in the 14 fresh light to heavy crude oils. The diesel drilling waste was strongly dominated by the F3a sub-fraction range. The second important trend was that F2 concentrations were either non-detectable or slightly detectable in all of the clean soils and compost samples. In contrast, F2 concentrations were strongly prevalent in all of the crude oils and in the diesel drilling waste. F2 and F3b concentrations were applied to the F2:F3b ratio, which identified PHC absence in the clean materials (<0.10 ratio) and PHC presence (>0.10 ratio) in the contaminated materials. The %F3a:%F3b distributions were applied to the BOC-adjusted PHC F3 calculation, which estimated true PHC F3 concentrations in the clean and contaminated soils and manure compost. The combination of these two approaches provided an accurate and efficient solution to resolving false detections of crude oil and diesel PHCs and false exceedences of F3 soil toxicity guidelines by in clean soils and compost.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
資源工程研究所
100
In the oil and gas drilling process, the rock or formation cuttings from the drilling bit are carried by the circulating drilling mud to the surface and separated by mechanical devices into usable mud, waste mud, waste cutting, and waste water. The drilling wastes, mixtures of drilling cutting and drilling mud, are basically geological material that is generally disposed of. However most of the drilling wastes are mostly rock debris, belongs to no toxic wastes ; CPC used to be buried after drying of dealing. This method not only time consuming, laborious and spend money, and has no reuse value with bury, so drilling waste reuse is indeed the current urgency of issues. Geopolymer as an alkaline gelled material development in recent years, has a good early strength properties, heat insulation, good resistance to acids and bases and durability advantages. The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of drilling wastes using geopolymeric technology. It will be produced lower temperature sintering building brick consistent with Taiwan national standards. The experimental results showed that building brick mixed drilling wastes with alkaline solution (SiO2/Na2O=2) in weight ratio of 4.Then put it into a temperature (500℃) oven for 2 hours of sintering ,and it has the best mechanical and Physical properties. Density is 2.3 g/cm3 , the water-absorbing rate is 6%, and compressive strength is 72.4 MPa of sintering sample, it is consistent with Taiwan national standards. Production low temperature sintering building brick from drilling wastes using geopolymeric technology not only save costs, reduce energy consumption, are also able to provide the existing industry the new technology.