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1
Grapci-Kotori, Linda, Theocharis Vavalidis, Dimitris Zogaris, Radek Šanda, Jasna Vukić, Donard Geci, Halil Ibrahimi, Astrit Bilalli, and Stamatis Zogaris. "Fish distribution patterns in the White Drin (Drini i Bardhë) river, Kosovo." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 421 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020020.
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Fish assemblages and their distributions in the western Balkan rivers have rarely been investigated. This study provides initial insights into the spatial patterns of fish distributions in the main-stem of the White Drin in Kosovo. Sampling primarily utilized back-pack electrofishing at 11 sites along the river's entire main stem, recording 21 species. Identification of most fish species was confirmed through DNA barcode analyses; two yet unnamed species are present and some taxonomic problems were discovered. The abundance of non-native species was low (5.9% of the catch) but seven of the eight non-natives have established populations. A longitudinal fish zonation pattern was described for the first time in this river; fish assemblages in an upstream-to-downstream gradient were characterized by a decrease of cold-water species (salmonids, minnows) and an increase of large-river cyprinids and non-native species. Multivariate ordination and network analyses demarcate preliminary fish assemblage types and specific environmental and anthropogenic pressure attributes are shown to influence assemblage structure. Natural assemblage patterns may be locally disrupted by anthropogenic pressures such as pollution and hydromorphological disturbances, however most sites show semi-natural features and conditions. Recommendations for conservation and further research are provided.
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Grego, Jozef, and Vladimir Pešić. "First record of stygobiotic gastropod genus Travunijana Grego & Glöer, 2019 (Mollusca, Hydrobiidae) from Montenegro." Subterranean Biology 38 (April 15, 2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.38.64762.
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The stygobiotic genus Travunijana Grego & Glöer, 2019 is one of the typical elements of the subterranean freshwater fauna of the Trebišnjica River Basin in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The previous records of the genus suggested that its distribution was limited to the basin of the Trebišnjica River and adjacent parts of the southwestern Neretva Basin. In this paper we describe a new species, Travunijana djokovicisp. nov. from “Vriješko Vrelo” spring in Montenegro. The recent finding of a new species in the Skadar Lake basin (The Drin River system) suggests the possibility of a subterranean route between the Trebišnjica and the Drin drainages, indicating that likely the endemic subterranean fauna in both basins has a lower level of historical isolation than has been considered so far.
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Papadaki, Christina, and Elias Dimitriou. "River Flow Alterations Caused by Intense Anthropogenic Uses and Future Climate Variability Implications in the Balkans." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010007.
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River flow alterations, caused by climate variability/change and intense anthropogenic uses (e.g., flow regulation by dams) are considered among the main global challenges of which hydrologists should be dealing with. For the purpose of this study, environmental flow and potential hydrological alterations are made for the extended Drin river basin, with limited historical hydrological information available. To overcome this limitation environmental flow assessment is made using simulated streamflow data from a watershed hydrological model. Descriptive statistics applied to streamflow values indicate that median monthly flows with no anthropogenic uses are consistently greater than those with anthropogenic uses by 0–37.4 m3/s in all subbasins. Moreover, an investigation of potential climate variability/change impact on river flow regime is made using streamflow simulations from a global hydrological model. Results indicate that hydrologic alteration is intense between nonregulated and regulated streamflow conditions. More specifically, for all Global Circulation Models and Regional Climate Models combinations, and both regulated and unregulated streamflow conditions, the minimum discharge values had statistically significant decreasing trends, except one combination (RCP 4.5–RCA4/ECEARTH) for unregulated conditions. Finally, results from this preliminary analysis could enhance the necessary conversations among all relevant stakeholders to discuss and decide on sustainable water resources management issues for the development of a Drin Basin Management Plan in the future.
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Papadaki, Christina, and Elias Dimitriou. "River Flow Alterations Caused by Intense Anthropogenic Uses and Future Climate Variability Implications in the Balkans." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010007.
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River flow alterations, caused by climate variability/change and intense anthropogenic uses (e.g., flow regulation by dams) are considered among the main global challenges of which hydrologists should be dealing with. For the purpose of this study, environmental flow and potential hydrological alterations are made for the extended Drin river basin, with limited historical hydrological information available. To overcome this limitation environmental flow assessment is made using simulated streamflow data from a watershed hydrological model. Descriptive statistics applied to streamflow values indicate that median monthly flows with no anthropogenic uses are consistently greater than those with anthropogenic uses by 0–37.4 m3/s in all subbasins. Moreover, an investigation of potential climate variability/change impact on river flow regime is made using streamflow simulations from a global hydrological model. Results indicate that hydrologic alteration is intense between nonregulated and regulated streamflow conditions. More specifically, for all Global Circulation Models and Regional Climate Models combinations, and both regulated and unregulated streamflow conditions, the minimum discharge values had statistically significant decreasing trends, except one combination (RCP 4.5–RCA4/ECEARTH) for unregulated conditions. Finally, results from this preliminary analysis could enhance the necessary conversations among all relevant stakeholders to discuss and decide on sustainable water resources management issues for the development of a Drin Basin Management Plan in the future.
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Mentzafou, Angeliki, Momčilo Blagojević, and Elias Dimitriou. "A GIS-MCDA-Based Suitability Analysis for Meeting Targets 6.3 and 6.5 of the Sustainable Development Goals." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 4153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084153.
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Among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established in the 2030 Agenda, goals 6.3, regarding clean water and improve of water quality, and 6.5, regarding integrated water resources management, highlight the need for the implementation of successful environmental water quality monitoring programs of transboundary river waterbodies. In the present study, the designation of high priority areas for water quality monitoring of Drin transboundary watershed is performed using a suitability model, a GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis (GIS-MCDA) approach that takes into consideration the most important conditioning factors that impose pressures on rivers. Based on the results, the methodological approach used manages to sufficiently delimit the areas with increased need for water quality monitoring in the Drin watershed, and the validation procedure produces a correlation coefficient of 0.454 (statistically significant at a 0.01 level). Limitations arise in the case of a lack of detailed information or inaccurate input data and due to the inconsistency among the input data and the different methodological approaches regarding the information collection of each country involved. These restrictions foreground the need for cooperation between the countries involved regarding the exchange of scientific knowledge and common legislation, so as to achieve integrated, effective, and sustainable management of water resources of the area.
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Uruci, Rudina. "FLOODING INTERVALS IN ALBANIA." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041421r.
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One of the most dangerous natural disasters facing many countries in the world including Albania are floods. Albania is quite exposed to this danger as the river and stream system is a major threat to the floods that are generally originating from rainy rabes.Floods in the lower flow cause great damage as they are more frequent and catch larger surfaces. These are formed by heavy rainfall and high intensity rainfall, which fill the soils with water and cause leakage out of the riverbed.The hydrographic basin includes an area of 43 305 km², in which 14 557 km² belong to the Drin River catchment and the River Vjosa, which surrounds parts of Greece, Macedonia and Kosovo. The eight main rivers of Albania (Drini, Buna, Mati, Ishmi, Erzeni, Shkumbini, Vjosa and Semani) are grouped in 6 watersheds that cross the country from East to West.47Albania has been hit on average by one flood per year. The Repeat Period (also known as the repetition interval) is an estimate of the time interval between events such as flooding, and that are important in terms of intensity and size.The period of theoretical Repeatability is the inverse of the number of events expected to occur within a year, ie a 10-year-old earthquake 1/10 = 0.1 or 10% chance to occur more than once in 10 years. A 50-year flood is 0:02 or 2% likely to happen more often in any year. This does not mean that a 100-year flood will be repeated regularly every 100 years, despite the determination of the name "repetition period". A 100-year event could happen once, twice, more or any time during this period of 100 years.The article will analyze the period of flood repetition as well as the risk map of floods from the recovery period, 100 years expressed by the PPS standard (peak flow rates).
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Bino, Silvia, Enkelejda Velo, Përparim Kadriaj, Majlinda Kota, Gregory Moureau, Xavier de Lamballerie, Ani Bagramian, Remi N. Charrel, and Nazli Ayhan. "Detection of a Novel Phlebovirus (Drin Virus) from Sand Flies in Albania." Viruses 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050469.
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Phlebotomine sand flies are generalist vectors with significant implications for public health. They are able to transmit phleboviruses that cause sand fly fever, headaches, or meningitis in humans. Albania is a country in Southeast Europe with a typical Mediterranean climate which provides convenient conditions for the presence of sand flies. Hence, the circulation of phleboviruses, such as the Toscana and Balkan viruses, has been recently described in the country. We followed a virus discovery approach on sand fly samples collected in 2015 and 2016 in seven regions of Albania, with the aim to investigate and characterize potentially circulating phleboviruses in phlebotomine sand flies. A presumed novel phlebovirus was detected in a pool consisting of 24 Phlebotomus neglectus males. The virus was provisionally named the Drin virus after a river near the locality of Kukës, where the infected sand flies were trapped. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Drin virus is closely related to the Corfou (CFUV) virus, isolated in the 1980s from Phlebotomus major sand flies on the eponymous island of Greece, and may also be involved in human infections because of its similarity to the sand fly fever Sicilian virus. The latter justifies further studies to specifically address this concern. Together with recent findings, this study confirms that Albania and the Balkan peninsula are hot spots for phleboviruses.
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Libert, Bo. "The UNECE Water Convention and the development of transboundary cooperation in the Chu-Talas, Kura, Drin and Dniester River basins." Water International 40, no. 1 (December 22, 2014): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2014.990202.
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Zupančič, P., D. Marić, A. M. Naseka, and N. G. Bogutskaya. "Squalius platyceps, a new species of fish (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from the Skadar Lake basin." Zoosystematica Rossica 19, no. 1 (July 15, 2010): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2010.19.1.154.
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Squalius platyceps, new species, is described from the Drin River drainage including the Skadar Lake and its tributaries. The new taxon is distinguished from other species of the genus Squalius in the eastern Adriatic Sea basin by a combination of the following character states: body depth 24-29% SL; head length 25-30% SL; a wide head (head width 52-59% HL, and interorbital width 37-42% HL); a moderately pointed conical snout; a subterminal mouth, with a projecting upper lip; a straight mouth cleft; lower jaw length (38-43% HL) about equal to caudal peduncle depth and only slightly larger than interorbital width; 43-47 (commonly 44-45) total lateral line scales; commonly 8½ branched anal fin rays; anal fin margin straight (in specimens up to about 180 mm SL) or convex; commonly 43 total vertebrae (24+19 or 25+18); a row of dense black pigment dots along the outer margin of scales on back and flanks forming a regular reticulate pattern, and intense black pigmentation on pectoral, pelvic, anal and caudal fins.
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Riznar, Igor, and Divna Jovanovic. "Stone material of regional provenance from Sirmium." Starinar, no. 56 (2006): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta0656139r.
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The stone artefacts from Sirmium, held at the Museum of Srem, were sampled and analyzed in order to establish an archaeological database connected with Roman quarries and possible transport routes along the Sava and Danube Rivers. Of the artefacts made of Neogene limestone three lithotypes were identified. Two of them were determined as originating from the known Roman quarry in the Drina Valley (NE Bosnia). For the third lithotype and its subtypes a model of the hypothetical quarry is proposed, the location of which is suggested to be outside the Drina river basin. Beside limestone, the sampled artefacts also revealed two types of porous volcanoclastic rocks of andesitic composition, which supposedly originate from two different microlocations in the Drina river basin.
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Vucić, Matej, Ivana Sučić, and Dušan Jelić. "New distribution data for Alburnus sava Bogutskaya, Zupančič, Jelić, Diripasko & Naseka, 2017 and Telestes souffia (Risso, 1827) in the Western Balkans." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 75, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2017-0017.
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Abstract The distribution data of Alburnus sava and Telestes souffia has been updated in Croatia in comparison to the previously known data. Alburnus sava is much more widespread in the Sava drainage and also occurs in the River Sava near the town of Županja, rivers Drina and Bosna. Telestes souffia has a much more restricted range in Croatia than previously believed and is only known from the Bregana, small, right tributary of the River Sava on the Croatian-Slovenian border. Both species are poorly known and threatened.
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Kannaujiya, Azad. "Physicochemical Parameters of Gomati River at Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh (India)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 875–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36461.
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Gomati River originate from Madhoganj Tanda village in Pilibhit district, U.P. it passes through the district of Shahjahanpur, kheri, Hardoi, Sitapur, Janpur and ultimately merge in Ganga. River water is significant for every living organism as well as aquatic life. Water pollution is a major global problem. Modernization and urbanization have polluted the river water and degraded the status. All over the world we are seeing that drain is the main source of water pollution especially for rivers flowing within the city. This drain generally carries industrial effluent, domestic waste, sewage and medicinal waste resulting in poor water quality. Gomati River receives industrial as well as domestic waste from various drains of Lucknow city. As Gomati river is the only source of surface water near the communities. A total 20 parameters namely Temperature, pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), Total solids (TS), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium as ca, Magnesium as Mg, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate as So4, Nickel as Ni, Lead as Pb, and Zinc as Zn where analysed and their variation is discussed to obtain the impact of effluents on water quality. From the result it was found higher than the permissible limit of WHO and BIS.
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Zhang, Xiaohui, Moritz Müller, Shan Jiang, Ying Wu, Xunchi Zhu, Aazani Mujahid, Zhuoyi Zhu, et al. "Distribution and flux of dissolved iron in the peatland-draining rivers and estuaries of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo." Biogeosciences 17, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1805–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1805-2020.
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Abstract. Dissolved iron (dFe) is essential for multiple biogeochemical reactions in oceans, such as photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen fixation. Currently, large uncertainties remain regarding the input of riverine dFe into coastal oceans, especially in tropical rivers in southeastern Asia. In the present study, the concentrations of dFe and distribution patterns of dFe were determined along the salinity gradient in the Rajang River and three blackwater rivers that drain from peatlands, including the Maludam River, the Sebuyau River and the Simunjan River. In the Rajang River, the dFe concentration in freshwater samples (salinity <1 PSU – practical salinity units) in the wet season (March 2017) was higher than that in the dry season (August 2016), which might be related to the resuspension of sediment particles and soil erosion from cropland. In the Rajang estuary, an intense removal of dFe in low-salinity waters (salinity <15 PSU) was observed, which was likely due to salt-induced flocculation and absorption of dFe onto suspended particulate matter (SPM). However, increases in the dFe concentration in the wet season were also found, which may be related to dFe desorption from SPM and the influences of agricultural activities. In the blackwater rivers, the dFe concentration reached 44.2 µmol L−1, indicating a strong contribution to the dFe budget from peatland leaching. The dFe flux derived from the Rajang estuary to the South China Sea was estimated to be 6.4±2.3×105 kg yr−1. For blackwater rivers, the dFe flux was approximately 1.1±0.5×105 kg yr−1 in the Maludam River. Anthropogenic activities may play an important role in the dFe yield, such as in the Serendeng tributary of the Rajang River and Simunjan River, where intensive oil palm plantations were observed.
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Bolduc, Christopher, and Scott F. Lamoureux. "Multiyear variations in High Arctic river temperatures in response to climate variability." Arctic Science 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2017-0053.
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Water temperature measurements (2004–2016) from two small rivers in the High Arctic were analyzed to determine the effects of climate variability on thermal regime and the sensitivity to climate change. The East and West rivers (unofficial names) drain similar watersheds (11.6 and 8.0 km2, respectively) and are located at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (CBAWO), Melville Island, Canada (74°55′N, 109°35′W). Differences in seasonal timing of river temperatures were evident when comparing the coldest and warmest years of the study period, and across different discharge conditions. Snowmelt runoff is characterized by uniformly cold water (∼0–1 °C) over a wide range of discharge conditions, followed by warming water temperatures during flow recession. The rivers showed varying sensitivity to mid-summer air temperature conditions in a given year, with warmer years indicating high correlation (r2 = 0.794–0.929), whereas colder years showed reduced correlation (r2 = 0.368–0.778). River temperatures reached levels which are reported to negatively affect fish and other cold-water aquatic species (>18 °C) with greater frequency and duration during the warmest years. These results provide a basis to further enhance prediction of river thermal conditions to assess ecosystem health in a river system and to refine insights into the effects of climate change on High Arctic aquatic ecosystems.
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Racchetti, Salmaso, Pinardi, Quadroni, Soana, Sacchi, Severini, Celico, Viaroli, and Bartoli. "Is Flood Irrigation a Potential Driver of River-Groundwater Interactions and Diffuse Nitrate Pollution in Agricultural Watersheds?" Water 11, no. 11 (November 3, 2019): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112304.
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In the Po plain, northern Italy, rivers within agricultural basins display steep summer increases in nitrate (NO3−) concentrations. Flood irrigation in overfertilized, permeable soils may drive such diffuse pollution, facilitating interactions between NO3−-rich groundwater and surface waters. We discuss multiple, indirect evidence of this mechanism in the Adda, Oglio, and Mincio rivers. These rivers drain agricultural soils with elevated nitrogen (N) surpluses, averaging 139, 193, and 136 kg ha−1 in the Adda, Oglio, and Mincio watersheds, respectively. The three rivers cross a transitional area between highly permeable and impermeable soils, where summer NO3− concentrations may increase by one order of magnitude over short distances (8–20 km). Upstream of this transitional area, a major fraction of the river flow is diverted for flood irrigation, a traditional and widespread irrigation technique for permeable soils. We speculate that diverted water solubilizes soil N excess, recharges the aquifer, and transfers soil N surplus into groundwater, resulting in NO3− pollution. Groundwater–river interactions were estimated experimentally, via water and NO3− budgets in 0.3 to 1 m3 s−1 km−1 and in 1500 to 5400 kg NO3−–N day−1. The data suggest a pronounced east–west gradient of groundwater to river diffuse water inputs among the three adjacent basins, reflecting the soil permeability and the width of the river–groundwater interaction zone. Given the large stock of NO3− in groundwater, management interventions performed at the basin scale and aimed at decreasing N excess will not produce an immediate decrease in river NO3− pollution.
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Gabrielyan, A. V., G. A. Shahnazaryan, and S. H. Minasyan. "Distribution and Identification of Sources of Heavy Metals in the Voghji River Basin Impacted by Mining Activities (Armenia)." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7172426.
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The objective of this research is to assess the distribution of heavy metals in the waters and sediments of the Voghji River and its tributaries impacted by mining activity and to reveal the real source of each of the heavy metals in the environment for assessing the pollution level of heavy metals. Voghji River with two main tributaries (Geghi and Norashenik) drain two mining regions. To identify distribution and pollution sources of heavy metals, the water and sediment samples were collected from eight sampling sites. The results of statistical analysis based on data sets of the period 2014–2016 showed that, after the influence of drainage water and wastewater of mining regions, heavy metal contents in the Voghji River basin dramatically increased. The waters of the Voghji River were highly polluted by Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, and Pb. The relation of metals content was highly changed due to anthropogenic impact disturbing the geochemical balance of the Voghji River. The water quality based on only heavy metal contents in the source of the Voghji River belongs to “good” chemical status, and in the sources of Geghi and Norashenik Rivers it is “moderate.” The water quality of Voghji and Norashenik Rivers is sharply worsening after the influence of mining activity, becoming “bad” chemical status. The research revealed the pollution sources of each metal.
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Björnsson, Helgi. "Delineation of Glacier Drainage Basins on Western Vatnajokull." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500001051.
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Three ice-drainage basins on western Vatnajökull have been delineated with the aid of the first available, accurate ice-surface maps. These basins drain ice towards the major river systems: Tungnaá, Sylgja, and Kaldakvísl, There seems to be an important difference in the location of ice-drainage basins and melt water-drainage basins for the rivers Tungnaá and Sylgja. This is due to the influence of the bedrock topography on the flow of basal water.
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Björnsson, Helgi. "Delineation of Glacier Drainage Basins on Western Vatnajokull." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500001051.
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Three ice-drainage basins on western Vatnajökull have been delineated with the aid of the first available, accurate ice-surface maps. These basins drain ice towards the major river systems: Tungnaá, Sylgja, and Kaldakvísl, There seems to be an important difference in the location of ice-drainage basins and melt water-drainage basins for the rivers Tungnaá and Sylgja. This is due to the influence of the bedrock topography on the flow of basal water.
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PIRO, ÇILJETA, and KLEMENTINA PUTO. "Variation of Microbial Pollution in Water of Vjosa And Drino Rivers." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2014/9.
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Mahessar, A. A., A. L. Qureshi, A. N. Laghari, S. Qureshi, S. F. Shah, and F. A. Shaikh. "Impact of Hairdin, Miro Khan and Shahdad Kot Drainage on Hamal Dhand, Sindh." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 6 (December 22, 2018): 3652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2389.
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Safe drinking water is a basic need. Surface water bodies are the primary source of safe water. Drain water, industries, urban/rural effluents, and waste materials are often disposed into surface water bodies without any treatment. All major water bodies of Sindh province are thus more or less polluted. These water bodies are interconnected with the Indus River like the artery system for blood circulation in bodies of living things. The main source of contamination of Hamal Lake is the disposal of the effluents of Hairdin drain, Miro Khan drain, and Shahdad Kot drain. This lake’s main source of fresh water is rained from Khirthar mountains. Hamal lake is connected through the Main Nara Valley drain (MNVD) to Manchar lake that eventually outfalls into Indus River. Hence, drain water pollutes not only Hamal and Manchar lakes but also Indus River due to their interconnection. Presently, right bank outfall drains (RBOD I-III) have been constructed for safe disposal of drain effluents thus avoiding the polluting of freshwater bodies.
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Mano, K., K. Sakai, K. Tachibana, K. Sakita, and S. Nishiyama. "THE MEASUREMENT ACCURACY AND MEASUREMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF GREEN LiDAR DRONE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-479-2020.
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Abstract. The aim of this study is to confirm the measurement accuracy and measurement characteristics of Green LiDAR Drone.In Japan, due to recent climate change, the frequency of heavy rainfall has been increasing, and more floods than estimated are occurring every year. Infrastructures that can safely drain the flood are river channel and river levee. Their role is becoming increasingly important. To reduce river disasters and manage disaster risk areas, river management administrations of Japan must understand the state of river channel and river levees. In order to fully identify risk area of disaster, it is considered using Green LiDAR Drone in Japanese river management. From these backgrounds, it is necessary to clarify the measurement accuracy and measurement characteristics of Green LiDAR Drone. Therefore, in this study, we confirmed the theoretical basic performance assumed from the device performance. Also, we conducted experimental measurements on flat ground area, river area, and coast area. Through verification of experimental measurements, we confirmed the positional accuracy, bathymetric capabilities of water area, and measurement characteristics of point cloud obtained by Green LiDAR Drone. As the result, it was confirmed the point cloud acquired by Green LiDAR Drone could understand not only the riverbed or coasts topography but also the structures of rivers and coasts, and could be used as basic information for maintenance and construction.
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Maleska-Gegaj, Kalina. "A House on the Drim River." Janus Head 10, no. 1 (2007): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh200710112.
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Cirkovic, Sima. "Macva fortress, Macva territory." Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor 74, no. 1-4 (2008): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pkjif0804003c.
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Nowadays is Macva region of the Republic Serbia between the rivers Drina and Sava. Its name is derived from the Hungarian fortress Macho recorded in the 13th century. Originally it was more extended toward south and east, it inherited the province of Sirmium from the Byzantine period. Under the rule of the Hungarian kings Macva was conferred to the closest relatives of the ruler. Since the end of the 13th century the region was disputed between Hungarian and Serbian kings. The fortress was situated on the southern bank of the river Sava, but its exact location remains unknown.
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Shaheen, Mohamed N. F., and Elmahdy M. Elmahdy. "Environmental monitoring of astrovirus and norovirus in the Rosetta branch of the River Nile and the El-Rahawy drain, Egypt." Water Supply 19, no. 5 (January 2, 2019): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.004.
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Abstract Sewage discharge is considered to be the primary source of viral contamination in aquatic environments. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of El-Rahawy wastewater on the water quality of the Rosetta branch of the River Nile (Rosetta River Nile) through detection of astrovirus (AstV) and norovirus (NoV) in the water and sediments of both sites. For this purpose, we collected 72 wastewater and 12 sediment samples from El-Rahawy drain, and 12 river water and 12 sediment samples from Rosetta River Nile before and after mixing with El-Rahawy wastewater between April 2017 and March 2018. AstVs and NoVs were identified in wastewater (40.2% versus 25%), El-Rahawy sediment (41.6% versus 20.8%), river water after mixing with wastewater (25% versus 16.6%), river water before mixing with wastewater (8.3% versus 0%), river sediment after mixing with wastewater (16.6% versus 8.3%), and no viruses were found in river sediments before mixing with wastewater. AstV genogroup B and NoV genogroup GI were the most frequently detected genotypes in the analyzed samples, with a peak incidence in the winter months. Increasing detection rates of both viruses in El-Rahawy drain samples and river water taken from the Rosetta branch after receiving El-Rahawy wastewater reflect the impact of this drain on the water quality of this stretch of the River Nile.
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Milutinovic, Slobodan, and Snezana Zivkovic. "Planning local sustainable development in Western Balkans." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2013-0050.
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Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to research local sustainable development strategic planning processes and practices in the Drina River Basin (geographical area delineated by the river Drina and shared among Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia). Design/methodology/approach – Research methodology included the analysis of the existing country-based strategic documents and processes, as well as the local strategic documents and processes of implementation in 21 municipalities in the Drina River Basin, including interviews with the representatives of central and local governments and civil sector and a questionnaire-based assessment of the situation and needs in municipalities. Findings – The paper argues that local sustainable development planning, although still lacking the proper methodological approach and facing insufficiencies in institutional and implementation capacities is becoming more appreciated by local authorities in the region. Originality/value – The findings should help better understand the interactions between local government institutions and civil society in the Drina River Basin municipalities in achieving local sustainable development, as well as the conditions enabling improved communication networks and capacity building.
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Lu, Weiwei, Juan Wu, Zhu Li, Naxin Cui, and Shuiping Cheng. "Water quality assessment of an urban river receiving tail water using the single-factor index and principal component analysis." Water Supply 19, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.107.
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Abstract Tail water from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) serves as a major supplementary water source for scenic water bodies, whose water quality is one of the major focuses of public and scientific inquiries. This study investigated the temporal and spatial variations in water quality of Tangxihe River, a eutrophic urban river receiving tail water from a nearby WWTP in Hefei City, using the single-factor index (SFI) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results of SFI indicated that the most important parameters responsible for low water quality were total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia (NH4+-N). PCA showed that tail water from the WWTP greatly reduced water quality, as demonstrated by the significantly increased SFIs and integrated principal component values (F values) of the sampling points around the drain outlet of the WWTP (T3, T4 and T5). The sampling points located at the upstream of the river (T1) and up the water-gate of Chaohu Lake (T6) had negative F values, indicating relatively higher water quality. In addition, the season had a significant effect on the water quality of the river. Moreover, we discuss measures to improve the water quality of urban rivers in order to maintain their ecological functions.
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Faisal, Ahmad, Zulfan Saam, and Elda Nariati. "Analisis kondisi sanitasi masyarakat pinggir sungai dengan pendekatan studi EHRA di Kelurahan Tembilahan Kota." Jurnal Zona 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52364/jz.v1i1.3.
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Indragiri Hilir is low lan areas or riverbank is swamp, which has a many rivers and stream. Riverbank area there are many settlements with spesific conditions of sanitation facillities,This study uses the method of approach through studies EHRA by conducting explorative survey to look at the household scale sanitary conditions. variable research is a sanitary garbage , latrines , household waste and clean water. Sampling technique using a random sampling of the population of people who live on the riverbank with the inclusion criteria of 493 households , obtained a sample of 125 housewives. The results showed that the sanitary conditions of communities riverbank in the village Tembilahan cities include: community do not do waste treatment and immediately throw it into the river , sanitary latrines still use the river as a defecation , people immediately dispose of household waste into the river , meeting the needs of clean water to eat and drink is obtained from sources rainwater as well as for bathing and washing using river water. Communities riverbank in the village Tembilahan cities categorized as moderate risk areas . public sanitation on communities riverbank in the village Tembilahan cities do not have basic sanitation standards and the need for a proper settlement.
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Alija, Avdulla J., Nikolaus Bresgen, Ekramije Bojaxhi, Margit Krenn, Ismet D. Bajraktari, and Peter M. Eckl. "River pollution in the Kosovo: Cyto- and genotoxic effects of water samples in the primary rat hepatocyte assay." Toxicology and Industrial Health 34, no. 8 (June 5, 2018): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233718773027.
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The actual stage of the development of Kosovo is characterized by the concerning levels of environmental pollution and the serious health problems attributed to the emission of pollutants into air, soil and water. In this context, river pollution is one of the main threats due to the discharge of untreated urban and industrial waste waters that affect the quality of surface and ground water. In addition, urban and agricultural discharges are affecting the river water quality. In this article, we are presenting data on the cyto- and genotoxic potential of water samples from three rivers (Sitnica, Drenica and Lepenci) in the Kosovo as determined in the cultures of primary rat hepatocytes. Sitnica and Drenica (as the most important Sitnica tributary) drain into the Black Sea, whereas the Lepenci river drains into the Aegean Sea. These rivers are polluted mainly by industry in the Kosovo together with municipal discharges. The results of this study show that the samples have primarily a cytotoxic potential by causing necrotic cell death that was not accompanied by any increase of the rate of micronucleated cells as an indicator for a genotoxic potential. The different effects in 2 consecutive years can be attributed to variations in physico-chemical parameters such as water levels, intake of pollutants, and so on, indicating the need for continuous monitoring and risk assessment.
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Krickov, Ivan V., Artem G. Lim, Rinat M. Manasypov, Sergey V. Loiko, Liudmila S. Shirokova, Sergey N. Kirpotin, Jan Karlsson, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky. "Riverine particulate C and N generated at the permafrost thaw front: case study of western Siberian rivers across a 1700 km latitudinal transect." Biogeosciences 15, no. 22 (November 19, 2018): 6867–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6867-2018.
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Abstract. In contrast to numerous studies on the dynamics of dissolved (<0.45 µm) elements in permafrost-affected high-latitude rivers, very little is known of the behavior of river suspended (>0.45 µm) matter (RSM) in these regions. In order to test the effect of climate, permafrost and physio-geographical landscape parameters (bogs, forest and lake coverage of the watershed) on RSM and particulate C, N and P concentrations in river water, we sampled 33 small and medium-sized rivers (10–100 000 km2 watershed) along a 1700 km N–S transect including both permafrost-affected and permafrost-free zones of the Western Siberian Lowland (WSL). The concentrations of C and N in RSM decreased with the increase in river watershed size, illustrating (i) the importance of organic debris in small rivers which drain peatlands and (ii) the role of mineral matter from bank abrasion in larger rivers. The presence of lakes in the watershed increased C and N but decreased P concentrations in the RSM. The C:N ratio in the RSM reflected the source from the deep soil horizon rather than surface soil horizon, similar to that of other Arctic rivers. This suggests the export of peat and mineral particles through suprapermafrost flow occurring at the base of the active layer. There was a maximum of both particulate C and N concentrations and export fluxes at the beginning of permafrost appearance, in the sporadic and discontinuous zone (62–64∘ N). This presumably reflected the organic matter mobilization from newly thawed organic horizons in soils at the active latitudinal thawing front. The results suggest that a northward shift of permafrost boundaries and an increase in active layer thickness may increase particulate C and N export by WSL rivers to the Arctic Ocean by a factor of 2, while P export may remain unchanged. In contrast, within a long-term climate warming scenario, the disappearance of permafrost in the north, the drainage of lakes and transformation of bogs to forest may decrease C and N concentrations in RSM by 2 to 3 times.
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Abidin, H. Z., H. Andreas, I. Gumilar, and I. R. R. Wibowo. "On correlation between urban development, land subsidence and flooding phenomena in Jakarta." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 370 (June 11, 2015): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-15-2015.
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Abstract. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia with a population of about 10.2 million people, inhabiting an area of about 660 square-km. It is located within a deltaic plain and passes by 13 natural and artificial rivers. In the last three decades, urban development of Jakarta has grown very rapidly in the sectors of industry, trade, transportation, real estate and many others, which has caused several negative environmental impacts. In turns Jakarta is then prone toward a few natural hazards mainly land subsidence and flooding. In general, based on geodetic measurement methods (e.g. Leveling, GPS surveys, and InSAR), conducted since 1982 up to 2014, it is obtained that land subsidence in Jakarta exhibits spatial and temporal variations, with the typical rates of about 3 to 10 cm year−1. In general, the impacts of land subsidence in Jakarta can be seen in the forms of cracking of permanent constructions and roads, changes in river canal and drain flow systems, wider expansion of coastal and/or inland flooding areas, and malfunction of drainage system. Several areas along the coast of Jakarta already have experienced tidal flooding during high tide periods. These coastal flooding usually occurs in the areas with relatively large subsidence rates. Subsidence in the areas along the rivers which are flowing throughout Jakarta will also worsen the impacts of riverine flooding. The changes in river canal and drain flow systems and malfunction of drainage system due to land subsidence will also aggravate the flooding. Land subsidence will have direct and indirect affects with the flooding in Jakarta, both in coastal or inland areas.
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Ištok, Iva, Bogoslav Šefc, Marin Hasan, Gordana Popović, and Tomislav Sedlar. "Fiber Characteristics of White Poplar (Populus alba L.) Juvenile Wood along the Drava River." Drvna industrija 68, no. 3 (2017): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drind.2017.1729.
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Boeije, Geert, Peter Vanrolleghem, and Michael Matthies. "A geo-referenced aquatic exposure prediction methodology for ‘down-the-drain’ chemicals1." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 5 (September 1, 1997): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0210.
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A geo-referenced simulation methodology for the prediction of aquatic exposure to individual ‘down-the-drain’ chemicals (consumer chemicals which mainly enter the environment via the domestic waste water route, e.g. detergents) is presented. This method uses real-world data, including their spatial and temporal variability and uncertainty. It results in statistical frequency distributions of predicted environmental concentrations (PEC). A hybrid stochastic/deterministic simulation approach is used. Steady-state deterministic models, which describe chemical fate, form the system's core. A stochastic (Monte Carlo) simulation is applied on top of this. In the (deterministic) waste water pathway model, all processes which occur in the waste water drainage area of a discharge point are considered: emission, transport (sewers, small surface waters), and treatment (on-site treatment, waste water treatment plants). In the river model, chemical transport and conversion in main rivers is simulated.
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Vukušić, Iva. "Book Review: Genocide on the Drina River." Genocide Studies and Prevention 10, no. 2 (October 2016): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.10.2.1427.
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Verma, Sunita, Divya Tiwari, and Ajay Verma. "ALGAL DYNAMICS OF RIVER PANDU IN RELATION TO AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 20 (October 27, 2014): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11325.
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An investigation on river Pandu in the year 2009-2010 was carried out to explore its current status in terms of physico-chemical and phycological profile. The study revealed that algal spectrum of the river was connected with the intensity of pollution in the river. River, at present is a perturbed ecosystem due to heavy anthropogenic stress on it. Despite abundant nutrients and other factors responsible for propping algal growth, river had a meak algal population and low diversity as compared to other perennial rivers indicating the grossly polluted unhealthy condition of the river. Algae are natural inhabitants of aquatic environment; and act as natural purifiers due to their nutrient gleaning and oxygenating capabilities; they are more sensitive than animals to industrial and municipal wastes. Maximum number of species existed at station-1 followed by stations-4 and 6 and then at station-5. Lowest species representation has been noticed at stations-2 and 3. Species number and algal population too declined sharply at stations-2 and 3 as compared to station-I. Sharp decline in algal population at stations-2 and 3 may be attributed to certain obvious reasons such as low transparency and reduced illumination as a consequence of residual fly ash discharged by PTPP drain at station-2. Except station-1, all downstream stations show grossly polluted condition of the river.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11325Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 20, 2013Page : 9-17
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Crase, Beth, Ian D. Cowie, and Carrie R. Michell. "Distribution and conservation status of the rare plants Melaleuca triumphalis and Stenostegia congesta (Myrtaceae), Victoria River district, northern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 7 (2006): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05159.
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Targeted searches of approximately 150 km of cliff lines for two rare sandstone shrubs, Melaleuca triumphalis Craven and Stenostegia congesta A.R.Bean, thought to be restricted to the Victoria River gorge system within Gregory National Park, increased the number of known populations from 3 and 6 to 31 and 37, respectively. Both species occur predominantly in rocky and often fire-protected niches on sandstone cliffs and scree slopes, and are frequently associated with permanent drip-lines and seepage areas. Although their broad habitat requirements are similar, the two species do occur in slightly different niches. The data presented here suggest that M. triumphalis is reasonably fire tolerant, whereas S. congesta appears to be more fire sensitive. Weeds and introduced animals are not thought to pose a threat to these rare species. Models developed using remotely sensed and landscape-scale data (digital elevation models, radiometrics, geology and distance to rivers and streams) suggest that these species may also occur outside Gregory National Park in other areas of the Northern Territory such as on Bullo River and Bradshaw stations and in Keep River National Park. It is suggested that both species be regarded as Vulnerable under the IUCN guidelines.
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Grimes, CB, and MJ Kingsford. "How do Riverine Plumes of Different Sizes Influence Fish Larvae: do they Enhance Recruitment?" Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 2 (1996): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960191.
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A review of the literature suggests that river discharge plumes strongly influence fish larvae and may play a significant role in the recruitment of local fishes. Some rivers drain large land masses to discharge shallow, turbid and nutrient-rich plumes that interact with ocean currents as well as with local oceanography and meteorology; these plumes may extend hundreds of kilometres offshore and alongshore. The frontal, or mixing, zone between plume and ocean waters is characterized by strong physical and biological processes. Physical dynamics, e.g. hydrodynamic convergence, and abundant nutrients (both river derived and upwelled) in the vicinity of discharge plumes often generate large stocks of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish larvae, as well as high rates of primary and secondary production. Physical dynamics not only act to accumulate (and probably retain) biomass in frontal waters, but also transport organisms onshore, offshore and along the frontal boundary. The mechanisms through which river plumes may influence recruitment are not clear. In considering the potential effects of scale of river discharge on recruitment, three alternative hypotheses are discussed. The short-food-chain hypothesis states that recruitment will be enhanced in the vicinity of river plumes because fish larvae experience superior feeding conditions, grow faster and thus experience a shorter stage duration and survive better. The total-larval-production hypothesis is that trophic conditions support such high total production of fish larvae that specific dynamics of growth and mortality are not relevant. The third hypothesis is that plumes facilitate the retention of fish larvae within a limited area, and it is the physical retention rather than production that explains the variation in recruitment. If one or a combination of these hypotheses explains the influence of river plumes on recruitment, then the greatest potential to affect fish recruitment may be possessed by large mid-latitude rivers carrying high suspended-sediment and nutrient loads that discharge into shelf waters to create well defined plumes where primary and secondary production are high.
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Ding, Yanhong, Xiaoyu Gao, Zhongyi Qu, Yonglin Jia, Min Hu, and Changjian Li. "Effects of Biochar Application and Irrigation Methods on Soil Temperature in Farmland." Water 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030499.
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Soil temperature plays a vital role in determining crop yield. Excessive irrigation may result in low soil temperature and a waste of water resources. In this paper, field experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of irrigation methods and biochar application on soil temperature. The experiment included six treatments: (a) YB: biochar application in border irrigation with Yellow River water; (b) GB: biochar application in border irrigation with groundwater; (c) DB: biochar application in drip irrigation with groundwater; (d) Y(CK): border irrigation with Yellow River water; (e) G(CK): border irrigation with groundwater; (f) D(CK): drip irrigation with groundwater. The results are as follows: coupling drip irrigation and biochar, soil temperature increased by 1.20–3.87%. In the biochar application in border irrigation with Yellow River water and groundwater, soil temperature increased by 0.80–2.40% and 1.01–5.15%, respectively. Biochar is a medium for reducing the heat exchange of soil and atmosphere, as it hinders bi-directional heat movement. This mechanism was especially apparent at a 0–10 cm soil depth in the treatments of border irrigation using Yellow River water and groundwater. Biochar may help stabilize the fluctuation of soil temperature and improve the soil accumulated temperature. The effect of drip irrigation at 5–10 cm depth, border irrigation using the groundwater and the Yellow River water was great on soil temperatures above the 10 cm level but less on deep soil temperatures. After applying biochar to soil, the soil temperature was more sensitive to external temperature changes, such as air temperature and water temperature. Therefore, in the Hetao irrigation area, applying a proper amount of biochar to farmland soil was shown to improve the water and heat environment and improve the effectiveness of traditional border irrigation in synchronizing water and heat, especially under the drip irrigation condition. The results here suggest that using biochar under drip irrigation can promote growth and increase yield.
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Shaheen, Mohamed N. F., Sahar E. Abd El-Daim, Nehal I. Ahmed, and Elmahdy M. Elmahdy. "Environmental monitoring of Aichi virus and human bocavirus in samples from wastewater treatment plant, drain, and River Nile in Egypt." Journal of Water and Health 18, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.075.
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Abstract Wastewater plays a major role in water pollution causing transmission of several viral pathogens, including Aichi virus (AiV) and human bocavirus (HBoV), associated with gastrointestinal illness in humans. In this study, we investigated the presence of AiV and HBoV in aquatic, sludge, sediment matrices collected from Abu-Rawash wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), El-Rahawy drain, Rosetta branch of the River Nile in Egypt by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). AiV RNA was detected in 16.6% (2/12), 8.3% (1/12), 8.3% (1/12), 22% (16/72), 12.5% (3/24), 4% (1/24), and 0/24 (0%) of untreated raw sewage, treated sewage, sewage sludge, drainage water, drain sediment, river water, and river sediment, respectively. On the other hand, HBoV DNA was detected in 41.6% (5/12), 25% (3/12), 16.6% (2/12), 48.6% (35/72), 29% (7/24), 3/24 (12.5%), 4% (1/24) of untreated raw sewage, treated raw sewage, sewage sludge, drainage water, drain sediment, river water, and river sediment, respectively. This study provides data on the presence of these viruses in various types of water samples that are valuable to environmental risk assessment. In addition, the current study demonstrates the importance of environmental monitoring as an additional tool to investigate the epidemiology of AiV and HBoV circulating in a given community.
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Jiao, Youquan, Ji Feng, Yanzheng Liu, Linlin Yang, and Minqi Han. "Sustainable operation mode of a sand filter in a drip irrigation system using Yellow River water in an arid area." Water Supply 20, no. 8 (September 24, 2020): 3636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.217.
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Abstract The depletion of water resources directly restricts the sustainable development of agriculture, especially in arid areas. Sand filters are one of the most widely used filters in agricultural water-saving drip irrigation systems, because of their effectiveness in intercepting sewage. Up to now, little information has been reported on the sustainable operation mode of the sand filter in a drip irrigation system using Yellow River water, which is a non-conventional water resource. In our research, based on the study of the change in head loss of the empty tank of the filter using fresh water, we studied the effect of different filter particle sizes, filtration flow rates and backwash flow rates on the filter performance using Yellow River water, and obtained the optimal operation mode of the sand filter for the drip irrigation system. This was achieved when the filter material particle size was 1.70–2.35 mm, the filtration flow rate was 0.018 m/s, and the backwash flow rate was 0.022 m/s. This study provided theoretical support for the large-scale promotion of drip irrigation using Yellow River water, and contributed to maintaining rural, social and economic stability within sustainable development.
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Kimijima, Satomi, Masayuki Sakakibara, Abd Kadir Mubarak A. Amin, Masahiko Nagai, and Yayu Indriati Arifin. "Mechanism of the Rapid Shrinkage of Limboto Lake in Gorontalo, Indonesia." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 9598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229598.
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This study explores the mechanisms behind the rapid shrinkage of Limboto Lake, Gorontalo, Indonesia, using remotely sensed imagery and river outcrop investigation data. The results show that more than 70% of the sedimentation resulting in shrinkage is contributed by riverbank erosion causing rivers to drain into the lake during the period 2003–2017. From geological investigation, it is found that the lowland area to the west of Limboto Lake comprises 1 m of flood sediments, followed by at least 5 m of fine-grained inner bay sediments. Severe riverbank erosion is also observed at many points. Hence, it is concluded that the shrinkage of Limboto Lake resulted from rapid-induced rapid erosion of inner bay sediments formed during plate collision which readily flowed into and were deposited in Limboto Lake; this created a delta, especially on the west side of the lake. Accelerated sedimentation caused by river erosion has led to rapid lake shrinkage. This phenomenon could be typical of the transformation of enclosed seas into lakes by the rapid uplifting movement of land in collision zones.
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Schowanek, D., K. Fox, M. Holt, F. R. Schroeder, V. Koch, G. Cassani, M. Matthies, et al. "GREAT-ER: a new tool for management and risk assessment of chemicals in river basins Contribution to GREAT-ER No.10." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0088.
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The GREAT-ER (Geo-referenced Regional Exposure Assessment Tool for European Rivers) project team has developed and validated an accurate aquatic chemical exposure prediction tool for use within environmental risk assessment schemes. The software system GREAT-ER 1.0 calculates the distribution of predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of consumer chemicals in surface waters, for individual river stretches as well as for entire catchments. The system uses an ARC/INFO – ArcView (® ESRI) based Geographical Information System (GIS) for data storage and visualization, combined with simple mathematical models for prediction of chemical fate. At present, the system contains information for four catchments in Yorkshire, one catchment in Italy, and two in Germany, while other river basins are being added. Great-ER 1.0 has been validated by comparing simulations with the results of an extensive monitoring campaign for two ‘down-the-drain’ chemicals, i.e. the detergent ingredients boron and Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS). GREAT-ER 1.0 is currently being expanded with models for the terrestrial (diffuse input), air and estaurine compartments.
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Karcic, Hikmet. "Bosnia in Limbo. Testimonies from the Drina River." Europe-Asia Studies 71, no. 9 (October 21, 2019): 1610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2019.1674528.
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Jin, Xiaohui, Minjian Chen, Yumiao Fan, Long Yan, and Fang Wang. "Effects of Mulched Drip Irrigation on Soil Moisture and Groundwater Recharge in the Xiliao River Plain, China." Water 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121755.
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Mulched drip irrigation for maize cultivation has been widely implemented in the Xiliao River Plain in Northeast China in recent years. However, the effects of the change in irrigation method on soil water content and groundwater recharge in this area still remains uncertain. In this study, soil water content under mulched drip irrigation and flood irrigation was measured through field experiments. Soil water movement in the entire growing season under the two irrigation methods was simulated for the quantitative analysis of groundwater recharge by the Hydrus-2D model. Results showed that soil water content under mulched drip irrigation was generally larger than that of flood irrigation in the initial growth stage. However, an opposite trend was observed in the main growth stage. The simulated results indicated that the cumulative water fluxes of flood irrigation were greater than the values of mulched drip irrigation. Moreover, while infiltration depth under flood irrigation reached the maximum simulated depth (400 cm), infiltration depth under mulched drip irrigation was only 325 cm. The results of this study showed that mulched drip irrigation reduced the infiltration depth and groundwater recharge to some extent in the Xiliao River Plain. Such results are helpful in determining the influence of mulched drip irrigation on groundwater and can be a reference for the maintenance of the sustainability of regional groundwater in the large-scale promotion of mulched drip irrigation.
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Wang, Xin, Ting Liu, Liang Wang, Zongguang Liu, Erxiong Zhu, Simin Wang, Yue Cai, Shanshan Zhu, and Xiaojuan Feng. "Spatial–temporal variations in riverine carbon strongly influenced by local hydrological events in an alpine catchment." Biogeosciences 18, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 3015–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3015-2021.
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Abstract. Headwater streams drain >70 % of global land areas but are poorly monitored compared with large rivers. The small size and low water buffering capacity of headwater streams may result in a high sensitivity to local hydrological alterations and different carbon transport patterns from large rivers. Furthermore, alpine headwater streams on the “Asian water tower”, i.e., Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, are heavily affected by thawing of frozen soils in spring as well as monsoonal precipitation in summer, which may present contrasting spatial–temporal variations in carbon transport compared to tropical and temperate streams and strongly influence the export of carbon locked in seasonally frozen soils. To illustrate the unique hydro-biogeochemistry of riverine carbon in Qinghai–Tibetan headwater streams, here we carry out a benchmark investigation on the riverine carbon transport in the Shaliu River (a small alpine river integrating headwater streams) based on annual flux monitoring, sampling at a high spatial resolution in two different seasons and hydrological event monitoring. We show that riverine carbon fluxes in the Shaliu River were dominated by dissolved inorganic carbon, peaking in the summer due to high discharge brought by the monsoon. Combining seasonal sampling along the river and monitoring of soil–river carbon transfer during spring thaw, we also show that both dissolved and particulate forms of riverine carbon increased downstream in the pre-monsoon season due to increasing contribution of organic matter derived from thawed soils along the river. By comparison, riverine carbon fluctuated in the summer, likely associated with sporadic inputs of organic matter supplied by local precipitation events during the monsoon season. Furthermore, using lignin phenol analysis for both riverine organic matter and soils in the basin, we show that the higher acid-to-aldehyde (Ad/Al) ratios of riverine lignin in the monsoon season reflect a larger contribution of topsoil likely via increased surface runoff compared with the pre-monsoon season when soil leachate lignin Ad/Al ratios were closer to those in the subsoil than topsoil solutions. Overall, these findings highlight the unique patterns and strong links of carbon transport in alpine headwater catchments with local hydrological events. Given the projected climate warming on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, thawing of frozen soils and alterations of precipitation regimes may significantly influence the alpine headwater carbon transport, with critical effects on the biogeochemical cycles of the downstream rivers. The alpine headwater catchments may also be utilized as sentinels for climate-induced changes in the hydrological pathways and/or biogeochemistry of the small basin.
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Magner, J. A., and S. C. Alexander. "Geochemical and isotopic tracing of water in nested southern Minnesota corn-belt watersheds." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 9 (May 1, 2002): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0199.
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Land-use changes over the last century in southern Minnesota have influenced riverine water chemistry. A nested watershed approach was used to examine hydrologic pathways of water movement in this now agriculturally intensive region. From field scale subsurface tile-drains of the Beauford ditch to the respective outlets of the Cobb River and Blue Earth River, more than 125 samples were collected for major dissolved ions and isotopes between March 1994 and June 1996 over a range of climatic conditions that included snowmelt and storm-flows. Results indicate that riverine water chemistry is dominated by subsurface tile-drained row crop agriculture. In the mid-1990s, regional ground water discharge into the Cobb and Blue Earth Rivers comprised less than 10% of the total flow based on ionic mixing calculations. Ammonia, present in manure or as anhydrous, is readily exchanged in the soil. This ion exchange releases increasing ratios of magnesium, sodium and strontium relative to calcium, the dominant cation. Soil thaw and snowmelt recharge influenced March–April tile-drain and ditch water isotopic values. Light δD values increased as spring infiltration-derived water was displaced from the soil zone by heavier summer precipitation. δ15N followed a similar but opposite pattern with relatively heavy March–April tile-drain and ditch values trending to lighter δ15N through the growing season. The future of southern Minnesota riverine water quality is closely linked to the management of the landscape. To improve the riverine environment, land owners and managers will need to address cropping systems, fertilization practices and drainage.
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Bayrak, Galyna. "The channels of river of Lviv: transformation during historical epoch and modern stage." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 50 (December 28, 2016): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2016.50.8671.
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The changes in rivers during the 200-years-old history of the development of Lviv and their modern conditions became the object of our researches. It has been found that the transformation of superficial channels to the underground ones began in 1880, and the biggest changes took place in the 1920s and 1970s. Channels were transformed also into the meliorative and drain channels. As of 2016 there is only 18,3 km of Lviv channels left in the natural state in comparison to 82,9 km of general length. 42,1 km of channels were closed underground, and 22,5 km were transformed into meliorative channels. The length of new-created anthropogenic channels is 46,6 km. Natural channels flow through the dismembered hilly upland and are in the green belt lands of the city. In the case of their saving and cultivation, it is possible to create new recreational areas for inhabitants of the city nearby them. Key words: changes in river channels, natural channels, underground anthropogenic channels, superficial anthropogenic channels, meliorative channels, Lviv rivers.
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Huang, Jue, Ming Wu, Tingwei Cui, and Fanlin Yang. "Quantifying DOC and Its Controlling Factors in Major Arctic Rivers during Ice-Free Conditions using Sentinel-2 Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242904.
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The six largest Arctic rivers (Yenisey, Lena, Ob’, Kolyma, Yukon, and Mackenzie) drain the organic-rich Arctic watersheds and serve as important pools in the global carbon cycle. Satellite remote sensing data are considered to be a necessary supplement to the ground-based monitoring of riverine organic matter circulation, especially for the ice-free periods in high-latitudes. In this study, we propose a remote sensing retrieval algorithm to obtain the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) levels of the six largest Arctic rivers using Sentinel-2 images from 2016 to 2018. These CDOM results are converted to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations using the strong relationship (R2 = 0.89) between the field measurements of these two water constituents. The temporal-spatial distributions of the DOC in the six largest Arctic rivers during ice-free conditions are depicted. The performance of the retrieval algorithm verifies the capacity of using Sentinel-2 data to monitor riverine DOC variations due to its improved spatial resolution, better band placement, and increased observation frequency. River discharge, watershed slopes, human activities, and land use/land cover change drove much of the variation in the satellite-derived DOC. The seasonality, geography, and scale would affect the correlation between DOC concentration and these influence factors. Our results could improve the ability to monitor DOC fluxes in Arctic rivers and advance our understanding of the Earth’s carbon cycle.
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Mahmudov, I. E., N. Muradov, and G. Bekmamadova. "Evaluation of the Management and Use of Water Resources in the Middle Reaches of the Syr Darya Basin (Chirchik-Akhangaran-Keles Irrigation District)." Advanced Engineering Forum 18 (September 2016): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.18.75.
Full textAbstract:
In the article are presented results of analysis and assessment of water management in the Chirchik-Akhangaran River Basins in the middle reaches of the Syrdarya River. Big quantities of water are discharged into Syrdarya river bed towards Kazakhstan because of hydro energetic use of Chirchik river drain along with municipal sewage and drainage water within the territory of the river basin. The article describes the schemes of discharged water formation and its distribution throughout the year. It also showed the digital maps with the location of hydroelectric power stations, as well as their energy potential.
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Gaffney, Paul P. J., Mark H. Hancock, Mark A. Taggart, and Roxane Andersen. "Catchment water quality in the year preceding and immediately following restoration of a drained afforested blanket bog." Biogeochemistry 153, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00782-y.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe restoration of drained afforested peatlands, through drain blocking and tree removal, is increasing in response to peatland restoration targets and policy incentives. In the short term, these intensive restoration operations may affect receiving watercourses and the biota that depend upon them. This study assessed the immediate effect of ‘forest-to-bog’ restoration by measuring stream and river water quality for a 15 month period pre- and post-restoration, in the Flow Country peatlands of northern Scotland. We found that the chemistry of streams draining restoration areas differed from that of control streams following restoration, with phosphate concentrations significantly higher (1.7–6.2 fold, mean 4.4) in restoration streams compared to the pre-restoration period. This led to a decrease in the pass rate (from 100 to 75%) for the target “good” quality threshold (based on EU Water Framework Directive guidelines) in rivers in this immediate post-restoration period, when compared to unaffected river baseline sites (which fell from 100 to 90% post-restoration). While overall increases in turbidity, dissolved organic carbon, iron, potassium and manganese were not significant post-restoration, they exhibited an exaggerated seasonal cycle, peaking in summer months in restoration streams. We attribute these relatively limited, minor short-term impacts to the fact that relatively small percentages of the catchment area (3–23%), in our study catchments were felled, and that drain blocking and silt traps, put in place as part of restoration management, were likely effective in mitigating negative effects. Looking ahead, we suggest that future research should investigate longer term water quality effects and compare different ways of potentially controlling nutrient release.
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EL-RAYIS, O. A., and M. A. M. ABDALLAH. "Contribution of Nutrients and some Trace Metals from a Huge Egyptian Drain to the SE-Mediterranean Sea, west of Alexandria." Mediterranean Marine Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2006): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.179.
Full textAbstract:
In 2003 the MAP Technical Report Series 141, mentioned the lack of data concerning the flux of water, sediments and pollutants from North-African rivers and from the land-based sources to the Mediterranean Sea.In Egypt, the Omoum drain, after the construction of the Aswan High Dam and the controlling of the Nile River water fl ow, has become one of the main land-based sources regularly discharging its waters (fl ow rate 2547.7 x 106 m3/year) directly into the Mediterranean Sea at EL-Mex Bay, west of Alexandria. Downstream, before it reaches the sea, its water mixes with water effl uent (surplus water) from a neighboring sewage-polluted lake called Lake Maryout, rate 262.8 x 106 m3/year.The present work is a monthly study over a year of levels of concentration of some mainly trace elements (nutrients and some heavy metals) in the proper water of the drain before mixing and in the effl uent from the lake, and calculations of both the concentrations and the corresponding expected loads of these elements contributed by the drain to the sea. The results revealed that the respective loads to the sea are 77380 ton/year for total suspended matter, 823 tons/year for dissolved PO4 -P, 4745 tons/year for inorganic N, 23.7 tons/year for Fe, 3.28 tons/year for Mn, 5.84 tons/year for Cu, 2.9 ton/year for Cd, and 24 tons/year for Zn. The elements loaded by the lake effl uent represent values ranging between 8 and 57.5% of the total load contributed by the drain to the sea. The plant nutrients (ammonia and reactive phosphorus) are of values exceeding 44%.