Relevant bibliographies by topics /  Drinking alcohol in moderation

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic ' Drinking alcohol in moderation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 11 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic " Drinking alcohol in moderation"

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Jung, Yugyeong, Gyuwon Jung, Sooyeon Jeong, et al. ""Enjoy, but Moderately!": Designing a Social Companion Robot for Social Engagement and Behavior Moderation in Solitary Drinking Context." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2 (2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3610028.

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Socially assistive robots can support people in making behavior changes by socially engaging in or moderating certain behaviors, such as physical exercise and snacking. However, there has not been much work on designing social robots that aim to support both social engagement and behavior moderation, i.e., offering social interactions for engaging in behaviors without over-engagement. This work explores how social robots can moderate alcohol consumption while socially engaging them in a solitary drinking context. As alcohol consumption can have benefits when done in moderation, this companion robot aims to guide the user toward moderate drinking by using social engagement (i.e., creating an enjoyable atmosphere) and drinking moderation (i.e., regulating the drinking pace). Our preliminary user study (n=20) reveals that the robot is perceived as a friendly companion, and its human-likeness is partly attributed to the robot's intervention. Most participants followed the robot's guidance and perceived it as an intelligent friend due to its social interactions and behavior tracking features. We discuss the benefit of physical interactions for social engagement, utilizing interaction rituals for enjoyable but moderate commensality, and ethical considerations in solitary drinking contexts.
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Poli, Andrea. "Is drinking wine in moderation good for health or not?" European Heart Journal Supplements 24, Supplement_I (2022): I119—I122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac084.

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Abstract Drinking alcoholic beverages is associated with various health effects in the population. Generally speaking, the evidence from epidemiological studies suggest that moderate alcohol intake is associated with a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction; the risk of cancer, on the other hand, tends to rise; whether an increase in the incidence of cancer is observed also in association with moderate consumption levels is yet not definitively ascertained. All these effects seem primarily to be associated with the amount of alcohol consumed; the role of the different alcoholic beverages, and of their minor components, in this regard is in fact not clearly defined. Due to the opposite direction of the association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular and cancer events, the association with all-cause mortality is complex, and J-shaped, with a consumption window theoretically associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality, up to 25 g alcohol per day. However, this issue is the subject of intense scientific debate.
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Scheffels, Janne, Inger Synnøve Moan, and Elisabet Storvoll. "Everything in Moderation? A Mixed Methods Study on Perceptions of Parents' Drinking in the Presence of Children." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 33, no. 5-6 (2016): 551–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nsad-2016-0045.

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Introduction Parents are often warned about the negative consequences of drinking alcohol in the presence of their children, while surveys indicate that children fairly often see their parents drink and also being drunk. We applied a mixed method approach to explore attitudes towards parents' drinking in the presence of their children, using (1) survey and (2) focus group data. In the analysis of the focus group data, we also addressed which consequences of parents' drinking the participants emphasised, and how they reasoned for their opinions. The results were merged in order to compare, contrast and synthesise the findings from both data sets. Methods The data stem from a web survey among 18–69-year-old Norwegians (Study 1, N=2171) and from focus group interviews with 15–16-year-olds and parents of teenagers (Study 2, 8 groups, N=42). Results In both data sets, drinking moderately in the presence of children was mostly accepted, but attitudes became more restrictive with an increased drinking frequency and with visible signs of intoxication. The results from Study 2 showed also that definitions of moderation varied and that the participants used contextual factors such as atmosphere and occasion to define when drinking was acceptable and when it was not. In reflections on the importance of moderation, they emphasised parental responsibility for the family as a unit and parents' immoderate drinking as posing a risk to children's safety. The participants also underlined the importance of parental drinking in the alcohol socialisation process. Conclusion Parents' drinking in the presence of children was generally accepted as long as the drinking was moderate. The focus group data showed that definitions of moderation varied, and that social context also was used to define moderation.
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Kim, Hye Kyung, Rachel Lim Si En, and Dorothy Wong Kang Min. "Psychosocial Motivators for Moderate Drinking among Young Asian Flushers in Singapore." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (2019): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111897.

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Asians are more susceptible to alcohol flush syndrome and its associated health risks because they are genetically predisposed towards it. Guided by the theory of planned behaviour, this research examined the psychosocial factors associated with moderate alcohol consumption, in order to inform the development of a health campaign targeting young Asian “flushers” in Singapore. We employed a mixed-method design comprising an online survey and focus group discussions. The survey results identified perceived behavioural control as the most salient belief associated with moderate drinking intentions, particularly for Asian flushers. Although Asian flushers had more positive attitudes towards, and perceived behavioural control about drinking in moderation, they were more likely to consider that their peers disapprove of such a practice, compared to non-flushers. Additionally, Asian flushers did not consider themselves as having a higher risk of long-term health effects from alcohol consumption than non-Flushers despite their actual high-risk status. Focus group findings suggest that young Asian flushers have poor knowledge of, and skills associated with moderate drinking, in addition to feeling self-imposed social pressure. The study findings provide practical insights into bridging the information gap on Asian flush and promoting Asian flushers’ drinking in moderation.
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Howard, Andrea L., and Tyler R. Pritchard. "Heavy Drinking in University Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Contributions of Drinking Motives and Protective Behavioral Strategies." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 11 (January 1, 2017): 117822181772331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178221817723318.

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This study examined rates of heavy drinking and alcohol problems in relation to drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies in university students with a documented current diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 31) compared with students with no history of ADHD (n = 146). Participants completed a Web-based questionnaire, and logistic regression models tested interactions between ADHD/comparison group membership and motives and protective strategies. Group differences in rates of heavy drinking and alcohol problems were not statistically significant, but medium-sized risk ratios showed that students without ADHD reported heavy drinking at a rate 1.44 times higher than students with ADHD and met screening criteria for problematic alcohol use at a rate of 1.54 times higher than students with ADHD. Other key findings were, first, that drinking to enhance positive affect (e.g., drinking because it is exciting), but not to cope with negative affect (e.g., drinking to forget your worries), predicted both heavy drinking and alcohol problems. Second, only protective behavioral strategies that emphasize alcohol avoidance predicted both heavy drinking and alcohol problems. Contrary to expectations, we found no ADHD-related moderation of effects of motives or protective strategies on our alcohol outcomes. Results of this study are limited by the small sample of students with ADHD but highlight tentative similarities and differences in effects of motives and strategies on drinking behaviors and alcohol problems reported by students with and without ADHD.
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Lin, Jessica, Jennifer Hecht, Albert H. Plenty, et al. "Alcohol Consumption and Management Strategies Among Gay Bar Patrons in San Francisco and Oakland, CA." Contemporary Drug Problems 46, no. 1 (2018): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450918814001.

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Despite significant attention on gay men’s substance use, much remains unknown about how environmental factors may contribute to gay men’s elevated drinking patterns. We undertook a qualitative study of 51 gay bar patrons in San Francisco and Oakland, CA, in an effort to better understand the context of drinking motivations and management within the gay community in San Francisco and Oakland and to identify areas for potential interventions to encourage drinking moderation. A thematic analysis framework guided the process used to identify overarching themes and organize data around the social ecological framework. A focus on drinking motivations and management strategies emerged as a recurring theme across interviews. In this article, we describe alcohol consumption and management strategies that suggest that gay bar patrons experience encouragement from the individual, interpersonal, community, and structural levels to drink and that environmental and internal motivators for drinking often override participant’s intentions and individualized strategies for moderation. Our findings suggest an unmet need for assistance in helping men to create effective harm reduction strategies around drinking, as well as an opportunity for creating interventions that address community- and structural-level motivators for drinking and management.
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Sjödin, Lars, Peter Larm, Patrik Karlsson, Michael Livingston, and Jonas Raninen. "Drinking motives and their associations with alcohol use among adolescents in Sweden." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 38, no. 3 (2021): 256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072520985974.

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Aims: Previous studies have shown a close association between drinking motives and drinking behaviour among adolescents. However, there is a lack of evidence from the Nordic countries since few studies covering this topic have been carried out in this context. The present study among Swedish adolescents aims to examine (1) the prevalence of different drinking motives, (2) how drinking motives are associated with drinking frequency and heavy drinking frequency, and (3) whether the associations are moderated by sex. Methods: A nationally representative sample ( n = 5,549) of Swedish adolescents (aged 15–16 years) answered a questionnaire in school. Of these, 2,076 were drinkers and were included in our study. Eighteen items from the Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (Modified DMQ-R) were used. Bivariate relationships between motives and drinking were examined with correlations. Linear regression models were used to assess the links between motives and drinking. Moderating effects of sex were examined with interactions. Results: Most common were social motives, followed by enhancement, coping-anxiety, coping-depression, and conformity motives. Coping-depression motives were slightly more common among girls. Conformity motives were associated with a lower frequency of drinking and heavy drinking while enhancement, social and coping-depression motives were associated with a higher frequency of both outcomes. No associations were found for coping-anxiety motives. No moderation effect of sex was found. Conclusions: Approach motives (social/enhancement) are the most prevalent drinking motives among Swedish adolescents. These also have the strongest association for both frequency of drinking and frequency of heavy drinking. This shows that Swedish adolescents drink to achieve something positive, rather than to avoid something negative, raising implications for prevention and intervention.
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van Gils, Yannic, Erik Franck, Eva Dierckx, Sebastiaan P. J. van Alphen, and Geert Dom. "The Role of Psychological Distress in the Relationship between Drinking Motives and Hazardous Drinking in Older Adults." European Addiction Research 27, no. 1 (2020): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507664.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Drinking motives seem to be the most proximal predictors of alcohol outcomes. Consequently, these are an essential factor to consider as they may influence the extent to which alcohol is used in a risky way, even in older adults. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We studied the moderating effect of distress on the relationship between drinking motives and drinking behaviour in a community-dwelling older adult sample. <b><i>Method:</i></b> In a retrospective cross-sectional research study, participants were community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older. All respondents completed a questionnaire covering the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the General Severity Index (GSI) of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). <b><i>Results:</i></b> In this sample of 1,148 older adults, drinking motives and hazardous alcohol use were associated (enhancement motives <i>r</i> = 0.478, <i>p</i> < 0.001; coping motives <i>r</i> = 0.367, <i>p</i> < 0.001; and social motives <i>r</i> = 0.235, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, moderation analysis showed that older adults drinking predominantly for enhancement or coping motives (respectively, β = 0.433, CI [95%] = 2.557–3.222 and β = 0.327, CI [95%] = 1.077–1.491, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and older adults who had higher levels of psychological distress (β = 2.518, CI [95%] = 2.017–3.019, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were more likely to report higher degree of hazardous alcohol use. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The relations between coping drinking motives and enhancement drinking motives on hazardous drinking depended on the level of distress. The associations between drinking for coping and drinking for enhancement were stronger in high levels of distress. Although causality cannot be interpreted from cross-sectional data, tackling psychological distress and drinking to cope with negative affect or to enhance positive affect might have strong effects on reducing hazardous drinking behaviour among older adults.
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Mayrhofer, Mira, and Jörg Matthes. "Observational learning of the televised consequences of drinking alcohol: Exploring the role of perceived similarity." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, no. 6 (2020): 557–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072520941981.

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Aim: The depiction of alcohol on television is an important explanatory variable for drinking behaviour. Even though alcohol consumption is frequently shown on popular TV shows, research on the impact of TV characters as models of drinking behaviour remains scarce. We theorise that the perceived similarity to a TV character is a key mechanism to explain recipients' expectancies about alcohol consumption. Methods: We conducted two experiments in which we manipulated the drinking behaviour of a TV character and the consequences of drinking. We measured perceived similarity to the character as amediating variable and treated participants' alcohol consumption as a moderator. Results: In both studies, perceived similarity to models predicted positive expectancies about alcohol consumption, and perceived similarity decreased with the portrayal of an alcoholic character. In Study 1, participants who reported drinking rarely perceived themselves to be more similar to a rare drinker, which suggests that viewers' own alcohol consumption affects similarity judgments. In Study 2, portrayals of consequences of drinking directly affected expectancies about alcohol, moderated by participants' alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that perceived similarity is a key variable to understand how alcohol on television affects viewers’ expectancies toward alcohol.
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Bender, Alexis, Candace Kemp, and Elisabeth Burgess. "Where's the Bar? Alcohol and Meaningful Engagement Among Assisted Living Residents With Dementia." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1117.

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Abstract Alcohol use across the life course provides some physical and psychological benefits when used in moderation. As a social model of care, assisted living (AL) communities emphasize autonomy; yet, we do not know how this philosophy extends to drinking. Using ethnographic and interview data from a larger 5-year NIA-funded study in four diverse AL communities designed to identify best practices for the meaningful engagement of AL residents with dementia, we examine how residents, families, and staff interpret residents’ rights about alcohol use and how staff and families facilitate or limit alcohol use of residents with dementia. Findings indicate staff and families frequently rely on a narrative of “watchful oversight” to limit or restrict alcohol consumption while simultaneously affirming the social connection of drinking (e.g., alcohol-free socials). We discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice aimed at promoting meaningful engagement and quality of life among persons with dementia.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic " Drinking alcohol in moderation"

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Ralston, Timothy E. "The influence of depressed mood on alcohol-related self-control processes: the moderational role of drinking motives." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12835.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>Among college students, severity of depressive symptoms is associated with more alcohol-related problems. Mood states may contribute to problematic alcohol use by influencing appetitive responses to alcohol through activation of alcohol-specific motivational schema. Once activated by relevant cues, these positive and negative reinforcement schema may automatically influence alcohol-seeking behavior. The current study sought to examine whether the influence of depressed mood on alcohol-related action tendencies would be moderated by the strength of negative (coping) and positive (enhancement) reinforcement motives. One hundred and sixty-nine college drinkers participated in a between-groups experiment in which they were exposed to a neutral or depressed mood induction followed by a computerized measure of alcohol-specific action tendencies, the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT) (Wiers et al., 2009). It was hypothesized that depressed mood would increase alcohol-related approach tendencies only for those students with stronger coping motives. The moderational influence of enhancement motives was also explored with the hypothesis that depressed mood would students with stronger enhancement motives due to an incongruence between mood cue and motivational schema. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for each hypothesis separately. For the analyses, gender and AAT order were entered as covariates followed by specific motive score and mood condition in the second step and the motivemood condition interaction term in the third step. Mood did not influence AAT performance, nor was there evidence of an interaction with coping motives. In contrast, there was a significant interaction between mood condition and enhancement motives, such that depressed mood was associated with lower alcohol-approach responses among those with higher enhancement motives. These results suggest that depressed mood may produce devaluation of alcohol for students who tend to drink to enhance positive experiences. More broadly, these findings suggest that contextual cues such as mood may activate or inhibit appetitive responses to alcohol depending on individual differences in drinking motives.
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Andersen, Catherine V. S. "Daily Study of Drinking and Dating Violence Perpetration: The Moderating Role of Trait Mindfulness and Anger Management in College Couples." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1588696150985476.

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Shumate, Howard W. "Repeated Alcohol Use and Sober-State Reactive Aggression: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Sober-State Executive Cognitive Functioning." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33397.

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This study examined the cumulative, more insidious, impact of repeated drinking on sober-state aggression based on research that has pointed to the negative neural effects of chronic alcohol consumption, especially on frontal lobe functioning. In particular, it examined the relationship between repeated alcohol use and sober-state reactive aggression as it is mediated or moderated by sober-state executive cognitive functioning (ECF), thus expanding upon research that has examined the relationship between acute alcohol intoxication and consequent aggression while under the influence (Giancola, 2000b). It was hypothesized that ECF would mediate the relationship between repeated alcohol use and sober-state reactive aggression in college students in that a history of alcohol use would lower sober-state ECF which in turn would increase sober-state impulsive aggression in individuals. It was further hypothesized with a moderational model that high levels of ECF would offset the more insidious effects of repeated alcohol use on subsequent sober-state aggressive acts. Moreover, those effects would remain after controlling for potential confounds of violence exposure, gender, and intelligence. Eighty college students, aged 18-23 years, from Virginia Tech were recruited to participate in this study. A self-report measure for aggression, neuropsychological tests for ECF, and a lifetime drinking interview schedule were used to assess the relationship between cumulative alcohol use, sober ECF, and sober aggression. A combination of bivariate and hierarchical regression analyses was used to analyze the data. The hypotheses of this study were not supported. Instead, the results supported a positive relationship between prior exposure to violence and later escalation of alcohol use and perpetrated violence. Additionally, these results support the presence of a â binge drinkingâ pattern within the sample.<br>Master of Science
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Rugh, Doug. "Influences of adolescent alcohol drinking adolescent perceptions of peer drinking." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2005. http://d-nb.info/986312606/04.

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Greco, Michelle Nicholle. "The relation of alcohol expectancies to alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems among college students." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Lau, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Alcohol consumption, motivation to change drinking behaviour, motivation to seek help for alcohol problem drinking and alcohol-attributable morbidity / Katharina Lau." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017586578/34.

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Au, Wing-man, and 歐穎敏. "Parental pro-drinking practices and alcohol drinking in Hong Kong adolescents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208009.

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Background: Although parental drinking is associated with adolescent drinking, the impacts of parental alcohol-related actions were controversial. The present study aims to 1) examine the prevalence of parental pro-drinking practices (PPDPs), 2) examine the association between PPDPs and parental drinking, 3) identify the factors associated with PPDPs among adolescents with drinking parents, 4) examine the association between PPDPs and adolescent drinking, and 5) explore the experience of PPDPs and alcohol use in adolescents and parents qualitatively. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2200 secondary 1 to 6 students from 4 randomly selected local schools. Students were asked if they have experienced each of 9 PPDPs including 1) saw parents drank and being drunk; 2) heard parents saying benefits of drinking and certain alcohol tasted good; 3) helped parents buy alcohol, open bottle and pour alcohol; and 4) parental action in encouraging drinking and training of drinking capacity. Logistic regression was used to compute the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of each PPDP by the number of drinking parents, and the drinking frequency of each parent adjusting for socio-demographic variables. Moreover, correlates of PPDPs were identified among students with at least one drinking parent. Furthermore, the AORs and 95% CI of student drinking and drinking intention by each PPDP were computed. A total of 40 families (33 student-parent pairs, 6 students and 1 parent) were then selected for telephone interview. Results: Overall, 67.5% of students experienced at least 1 PPDP with the prevalence of PPDPs ranging from 9.3% for hearing the benefits of drinking to 51.0% for seeing parents drank. The prevalence of PPDP increased dramatically with the number of drinking parents (none 38.8%, either 81.6%, both 89.0%). PPDPs were associated with parental drinking frequency and various socio-demographic factors. For instance, adolescent girls (AOR: 2.28) were more likely to have received parental training of drinking capacity than boys. Frequent paternal and maternal drinking were most strongly associated with helping parents buy alcohol (AOR: 6.55) and training of drinking capacity (AOR: 5.14), respectively. In general, most PPDPs were significantly associated with ever drinking and monthly drinking in students. Both ever and monthly drinking in adolescents were strongly associated with parental training of drinking capacity with AORs of 6.20 and 8.20, respectively. Similarly, each PPDP was significantly associated with adolescent drinking intention with AORs ranging from 1.50 for helping parents buy alcohol to 3.53 for being encouraged by parents to drink. Consistent with quantitative data, the interviews revealed that almost half the students reported PPDPs (N=17/39) and it was common for students to see parents drink (N=7). Of the 17 families reporting involvement in PPDPs, all had at least one drinking parent. Conclusions: Most students experienced PPDPs and its prevalence increased with the number of drinking parents. In drinking parents, PPDPs were associated with socio-demographic factors and parental drinking frequency. Most PPDPs were associated with adolescent drinking and intention to drink. These results suggested that parents should avoid PPDPs to prevent adolescent drinking.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Public Health<br>Master<br>Master of Philosophy
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Bergan, John Robert. "Alcohol expectancies and drinking in Navy personnel." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187126.

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Current literature suggests that the expectations that one holds for the effects of alcohol, referred to as "expectancies", exert a significant influence on decisions to drink. Expectancies have consistently been found to predict drinking behavior for a number of different groups. Data further suggests that expectancies begin to form prior to first hand experience with alcohol. The present study addressed the following four hypotheses: (1) A two factor model in which expectancies are grouped according to whether they represent positive or negative consequences of drinking will provide a good fit to expectancy data. In a recent study, Leigh and Stacy (in press) have generated a two factor model with several distinct indicators for each factors that warrants further investigation with a confirmatory approach. (2) Expectancy dimensions concerning beliefs about alcohol's impact on one's abilities will be associated, as will those concerned with expectations that drinking will impact physical and affective states. (3) The interaction between expectancies and desirability will predict drinking behavior. (4) Skill-related expectancy dimensions, in particular those associated with social abilities, will be more directly related to self-reported drinking than will physical and affective expectancies. This hypothesis will be examined under a model assessing the effects of expectancies on drinking. In order to evaluate these hypotheses, expectancy data were gathered from a sample of 1,585 Navy personnel using a recently developed expectancy instrument. Information about perception of the desirability of different potential outcomes were also gathered. The data were then analyzed using a structural equation modeling to empirically evaluate the hypotheses. The final models that were obtained suggested that expectancy and desirability were separate, but related constructs. Findings further indicated that the anticipated outcomes from drinking could be grouped into those concerning anticipated disinhibition and those concerning expected shame or embarrassment. The structural models that were obtained for the interaction between drinking and expectancy dimensions suggest that targeting expectations of disinhibition may be the most effective area of focus for prevention programs.
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Taylor, Elizabeth. "Collegiate Athletes and Alcohol: An Examination of Sport Specific Motives to Consume Alcohol." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1375884258.

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Wilson, Donald L. "College students' alcohol use, parental-familial alcohol use, and family of origin." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941580.

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Many studies have explored the relationship of one's alcohol use both to family environment and to the drinking behavior of the parents. However, most of these studies have used clinical samples. The participants in this study were from a non-clinical, college undergraduate sample (N = 206). The sample included 69% females and 31% males who were primarily Caucasian.A causal path model was used to assess the relationships between familial alcohol use, the perceptions of family environment, propensity for substance use, and actual alcohol use. Participants completed the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) for themselves, their parents, and one sibling. Family environment measures completed by participants included: the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST) to measure the "experience" of family alcohol use; the Family of Origin Scale (FOS) as a measure of the family affectional environment; and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES Ill) as a measure of family structural and relational factors. The MacAndrew Scale (MAC) was completed to assess the propensity for substance use.A path analysis of the proposed model indicated that family alcohol use did not exert a significant direct effect on propensity for or actual use of alcohol, nor did it exert any significant effect on the family affectional environment. Each of these is a rather surprising result and contrary to results of previous studies. However, family alcohol use significantly affected the "experience" of living in such a family environment, especially when alcohol use became more problematic. Family alcohol use, mediated by this "experience," had significant effects on family structural components of leadership and control, as measured by FACES III. The "experience" of family alcohol use was significantly and negatively related to the affectional environment of the family. The indirect effects of this "experience" were significant only through the control component of family structure and direct effects this "experience" were significant only for actual use of alcohol. Propensity for use and actual use were also significantly related as was expected.Nearly 50% of the sample indicated a propensity for use (MAC > 24), actual problematic use of alcohol (MAST > 5), or both, when using the standard cutoff scores of these instruments. It appears that further analysis of family influences on these behaviors, especially those behaviors that create difficulties in life, is warranted. Treatment approaches have typically maintained that improved family affective and relational environments are primary treatment goals. That the affectional environment of the family was not significantly affected by familial use of alcohol was another unexpected outcome and also warrants further study.<br>Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Books on the topic " Drinking alcohol in moderation"

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Rotgers, Frederick. Responsible drinking: A moderation management approach for problem drinkers. New Harbinger Publications, 2002.

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Rotgers, Frederick. Responsible drinking: A moderation management approach for problem drinkers. New Harbinger Publications, 2002.

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United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Human Nutrition Information Service., ed. If you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation. NDSU Extension Service, 1993.

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Jaeggli, Randy. The Christian and drinking: A biblical perspective on moderation and abstinence. Bob Jones University Press, 2008.

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Cornett, D. J. Seven weeks to safe social drinking: How to effectively moderate your alcohol intake. Carol Publishing Group, 1997.

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Kishline, Audrey. Moderate drinking: The Moderation Management guide for people who want to reduce their drinking. Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1996.

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John, Michael. The art of moderation: An alternative to alcoholism. Vision Books International, 1999.

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Sanders, Pete. Drinking alcohol. Cooper Beech books, 1997.

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Lang, Alan R. Alcohol, teenage drinking. Chelsea House Publishers, 1985.

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Lang, Alan R. Alcohol: Teenage drinking. Burke, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic " Drinking alcohol in moderation"

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d’Abbs, Peter, and Nicole Hewlett. "Community-Controlled Liquor Outlets and Permit Systems." In Learning from 50 Years of Aboriginal Alcohol Programs. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0401-3_7.

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AbstractThis chapter reviews two strategies for managing alcohol deployed in some Aboriginal communities: community-owned liquor outlets, usually in the form of licensed clubs, and liquor permit systems that authorise approved individuals to import and consume liquor in communities where doing either is otherwise not allowed under local restrictions.The rationale underlying community-owned outlets is that they retain the revenue derived from drinking by community members in the community, foster a culture of moderation and deter illicit importation of liquor (i.e. ‘grogrunning’). Historically, most community-owned outlets have failed to achieve either the second or third of these objectives, but rather have become centres for heavy drinking and associated harms. Some community-owned outlets, however, have succeeded in fostering moderate drinking, and the chapter outlines factors conducive to their doing so.The use of individual liquor permit systems today is confined to some remote communities in the Northern Territory, Australia, and some Inuit communitiesin Nunavut, Canada. Evidence of their impact is sparse but suggests that liquor permit systems can enhance community management of alcohol provided three conditions are met: permit committees and others responsible for administering permit systems are adequately supported and resourced; effective controls are in place to deal with illegal supply of alcohol, and the rules and procedures that constitute the permit system enjoy legitimacy in the eyes of the community.
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Weinberg, Thomas S., Gerhard Falk, and Ursula Adler Falk. "Drinking Alcohol: The Alcohol Culture." In The American Drug Culture. SAGE Publications, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506304656.n5.

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Skidmore, Shauncie M., Rose A. Juhasz, and Robert A. Zucker. "Early Onset Drinking." In Young People and Alcohol. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785089.ch2.

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Dowdall, George W. "Public Alcohol Policy and College Drinking." In College Drinking. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003443421-6.

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Waterson, Jan. "Drinking Careers." In Women and Alcohol in Social Context. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333992685_4.

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Freund, Paul J. "Polish-American Drinking." In The American Experience with Alcohol. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0530-7_6.

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Pennay, Amy, Gabriel Caluzzi, Laura Fenton, et al. "Drinking and wellbeing." In Young People, Alcohol, and Risk. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003416135-4.

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Shaw, Stan, Alan Cartwright, Terry Spratley, and Judith Harwin. "Concepts of Alcohol Abuse." In Responding to Drinking Problems. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003462262-4.

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Hall, Simon, and Natalie Finch. "Binge Drinking." In Alcohol Use: Assessment, Withdrawal Management, Treatment and Therapy. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18381-2_16.

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Martinic, Marjana, and Anna Sheveland. "Drinking, Aging, and Global Public Policy." In Alcohol and Aging. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47233-1_16.

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Conference papers on the topic " Drinking alcohol in moderation"

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Hibino, Hiroyuki, Hiroshi Tanaka, Taisuke Tomonaga, and Seichi Horie. "1267 Is drinking alcohol really useful for releasing stress?" In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1051.

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Ostojić, Zorana, Dušan Čanković, Sonja Čanković, Snežana Ukropina, Tanja Tomašević, and Ivana Radić. "Cheers or concerns: Peer influence on alcohol consumption among university students in Novi Sad." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24152o.

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Background: Young people represent a key population in the context of alcohol use, often experimenting with this substance. The aim of the study is to assess the association between peer influence and alcohol consumption and binge drinking among firstand second-year university students in Novi Sad. Methods and Objectives: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study among students of the University of Novi Sad in 2019, as part of the project "Health behaviors of students: benefits and risk" funded by the Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research. A total of 664 students participated (456 first-year and 208 second-year) from 13 faculties. An online questionnaire with electronic consent was distributed to students after lectures. Alcohol consumption was categorized based on daily alcohol unit consumption. The association between peer influence and alcohol consumption and binge drinking was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Around 4% of students (3.8%) believe that, due to peer influence, they drink more alcohol than they would otherwise, with a higher prevalence among young men (7.0%) compared to girls (2.4%) (p&lt;0.001). Among male students who said that they always drink more due to peer influence prevalence of heavy drinking (92.3%) and binge drinking (85.7%), was significantly higher than among students who said that friends don't influence their drinking (41.7% and 51.7%, respectively) (p&lt;0.001). Also, female students who always drink more due to the influence of friends reported higher levels of heavy drinking (81.8%) and binge drinking (72.7%), compared to those who stated that peer influence does not affect their drinking habits (34.9% and 38.0%) (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that negative peer influence is associated with increased alcohol consumption and more frequent binge drinking among students in Novi Sad.
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Miljković, Kristina, Thomas Valente, and Rose Ward. "Optimizing alcohol interventions in sororities: A social network analysis approach." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24153m.

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Background: Alcohol consumption is prevalent among college students in sororities and fraternities (i.e., Greek life) across America, with members exhibiting an elevated risk for risk-oriented alcohol consumption. Addressing this public health concern requires optimizing alcohol intervention strategies by understanding drinking network structures. Traditionally, formal leadership in these organizations is leveraged to disseminate preventive measures. This study investigates a sorority's drinking buddy network to identify influential members and their roles, thereby informing more targeted and effective intervention approaches. Methods: Social network analysis was applied to examine the structure of a drinking buddy network within a sorority at a Midwestern university. Survey data from 99 members (45.21% response rate) were analyzed to identify drinking patterns. UCINet was used to assess network centrality, subgroups, and homophily based on year in school and leadership roles. The hypothesis was that a member's year in school and leadership role within the sorority would be significantly related to their ties in the network. Results: The analysis revealed that year in school significantly correlated with drinking ties (r = 0.092, p &lt; 0.001), with members predominantly associating within their cohort. Contrary to expectations, sorority leaders were less central in the drinking network and did not significantly influence alcohol-related social connections (Adj R² = 0.003, p &gt; 0.09). Instead, non-leaders were highly central and pivotal in network connectivity, suggesting that these individuals may be key network actors for intervention strategies. Conclusions: These findings challenge the conventional reliance on sorority leadership for alcohol risk management intervention delivery. The results suggest shifting focus to central, non-leaders within drinking networks. Targeting these key network actors could enhance the diffusion and effectiveness of intervention initiatives, aligning intervention points with the actual social structure. Further research should explore the broader applicability of network-based strategies in public health interventions within Greek life.
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EL-GUEBALY, N., and D. C. HODGINS. "DRINKING SITUATIONS, MOOD AND DEPRESSION AS PREDICTORS OF ALCOHOL RELAPSE." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0117.

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Hetelekides, Eleftherios, Cheryl Dickter, and Adrian Bravo. "Concurrent Alcohol and Cannabis Use Influences EEG Processing of Alcohol Cues." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.31.

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Background. Concurrent use of alcohol and cannabis (CAM) has been shown to be common among college students (Bravo et al., 2021), and is associated with more alcohol use and related negative consequences (Cummings et al., 2019). There is evidence that both alcohol and cannabis use may be associated with changes in brain functioning and cognition (Oomen et al., 2018), including differences on tasks related to cognitive inhibition/inhibitory control (i.e., Go/NoGo tasks; Lopez-Caneda et al., 2014). A promising method for assessing potential neurocognitive changes associated with alcohol and cannabis use is by examining substance-associated event-related potentials (ERPs) using electroencephalography (EEG; Zhang et al., 2021). The present study aimed to examine differences in P300 ERPs associated with alcohol cues between binge drinking alcohol only students and binge drinking students who also consumed cannabis in the past 30-days (i.e., CAM use). Method. Fifty binge drinking college students (26 of whom also reported using cannabis over the past 30 days) were recruited from a Psychology department research pool to participate in an alcohol-related Cued Go/NoGo task while their brainwaves were measured. The task was characterized by within-subjects factors block (indicating probability of Go/NoGo task cue-target combinations), Cue (Alcohol vs. Neutral), and Target (Go vs. NoGo). Participants identified as mostly White (78%), female (72%), were freshman (64%), and reported a mean age of 18.86 (SD=0.90). To test study aims, at electrode Cz, we conducted a 2x2x2x2 mixed ANOVA with all within-subjects factors (Block, Cue, Target), and between-subjects factor CAM over the past 30 days (CAM use vs. No CAM use). Results. We observed a significant block*target*CAM interaction with a medium effect size (Richardson, 2011), F(1,47)=4.09, p=.049, η2=.08. Cue was retained as a factor in subsequent analyses in order to effectively evaluate the hypothesis. In Block 2, we found a non-significant cue*CAM interaction, F(1,47)=3.10, p=.085, η2=.06, with a medium effect size. Paired-samples t-tests revealed that individuals who used cannabis did not display a significant difference between alcohol and neutral cues, t(25)=0.243, p=.81, while individuals who did not use cannabis showed significantly greater alcohol vs. neutral cues, t(23)=2.34, p=.025. Conclusions. While preliminary, we observed a significant difference in P300 ERPs for alcohol vs. neutral cues, only in individuals who did not report using cannabis over the past 30-days. In other words, we found that CAM using individuals display similar neural reactivity to alcohol compared to neutral cues, while an alcohol vs. neutral difference was observed for alcohol-only individuals. It may be that by using another substance, alcohol stimuli lose salience, and evaluative processing indexed by the P300 is reduced. These are interesting results to be observed within a non-clinical sample of mostly-freshman college students, and provides rationale for examining neuropsychological differences between individuals who use multiple substances versus one substance in populations with more severe levels of dependence.
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Hessari, NJ Maani, and M. Petticrew. "OP94 How does the alcohol industry define “responsible drinking”? a qualitative analysis." In Society for Social Medicine, 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, University of Manchester, 5–8 September 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-ssmabstracts.93.

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Sadeghi, Ayla, Kyra Farrelly, and Jeffrey Wardell. "Motives and Consequences Associated with Solitary Alcohol and Cannabis Use among Co-Users during the COVID-19 Pandemic." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.07.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in lockdowns that had an impact on alcohol and cannabis use behavior. During the height of the early lockdowns, many individuals shifted to using alcohol and cannabis in solitary contexts (e.g., Wardell et al., 2020). Solitary drinking is a non-normative behaviour that can predict severe alcohol problems and is associated with coping-motivated drinking (Keough et al. 2018; Skrzynski &amp; Creswell, 2020). Similarly, solitary cannabis use is associated with cannabis use disorder and using cannabis to cope (Spinella et al., 2019). Further, co-use of alcohol and cannabis is related to negative consequences such as alcohol use disorder, depressive symptoms, and impaired driving (Yurasek et al., 2017). As there has been limited research on solitary alcohol and cannabis co-use, this study examined substance use motives and consequences associated with solitary use of both alcohol and cannabis among co-users during the pandemic. Methods: Canadians (N=149; 46% female; mean age = 31 years old) who reported co-use of alcohol and cannabis completed an online survey approximately 6-8 weeks into the first COVID-19 lockdown. Participants reported on past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use, solitary use, motives, and problems (i.e., Short Inventory of Problems and Marijuana Problems Scale). Participants were divided into two groups: those reporting predominantly solitary use of both alcohol and cannabis during the lockdown (solitary co-users; n=61) and those reporting predominantly social use of one or both substances during the lockdown (social co-users; n=88). Logistic regression was used to examine the unique associations of drinking motives and cannabis motives with co-use group (solitary vs. social), and to examine if the solitary co-use group was more likely to report alcohol and cannabis problems (controlling for alcohol and cannabis use). Results: Coping motives for drinking were associated with greater likelihood of being in the solitary vs. social co-use group after controlling for other drinking motives and alcohol use (OR=2.02, p=.023). Conversely, none of the cannabis use motives were significantly associated with membership in the solitary vs. social co-use group. Additionally, compared to social co-users, solitary co-users had higher odds of reporting alcohol problems, including one or more physical problems (OR=2.37, p=.033), intrapersonal problems (OR=3.95, p=.002), and social problems (OR=2.79, p=.022), after controlling for alcohol use. Cannabis-related problems did not differ between solitary and social co-users. Conclusions: Findings provide insight into the motives and consequences of solitary alcohol and cannabis use among co-users during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest that interventions should target co-users who are using both alcohol and cannabis in a solitary context during the pandemic as they appear to be at higher risk for alcohol-related problems. Future research should examine the long-term outcomes of solitary co-use throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that it is not known if the solitary co-users in this study were engaging in simultaneous use of cannabis and alcohol (i.e., using both substances on the same occasion), future ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies should focus on understanding solitary simultaneous use during the pandemic.
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Chung, SungHak. "Development of BAC Consumption and Related Structure Equation Model on Korean Driver." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/10022.

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This study is to provide the criteria necessary for justification on any administrative measure possible to revoke ones driving license or to legally punish any person who has been under the influence whilst driving. The alcohol concentration in blood/breath was measured in this research through the drinking culture habits. The conclusion of this study estimates per hour, the average consumption rate of BAC (β) -0.0178g/kg and SD was 0.00497. Then, a consumption rate of the BAC will be calculated out through the multiple regression analysis thereof. A structural equation model of the effect that the drinking culture habit and the consumption rate of the BAC have on unsafe human behavior tendency factor is expressed in a model. In this study, a questionnaire on behavioral response whilst under alcohol influence, physical characteristics and personality test was conducted, also included was the alcohol test of NHTSA and the WHO alcohol test.
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Clark, Brendan J., Theodore J. Standiford, Robert Paine III, et al. "Survivors Of Acute Lung Injury With An Alcohol Use Disorder Modify Their Drinking Behaviors." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1165.

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Davis, Alan K., Erin E. Bonar, Diane Schneeberger, et al. "80 Understanding drinking among emerging adults using the dualistic model of passion: associations with alcohol." In SAVIR 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042560.80.

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Reports on the topic " Drinking alcohol in moderation"

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McPheeters, Melissa, Elizabeth A. O'Connor, Sean Riley, et al. Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder in Outpatient Settings: Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer262.

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Background. Unhealthy alcohol use is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than 140,000 deaths annually. Only 0.9 percent of Americans who reported having alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the past year indicated they received medication-assisted AUD treatment. Methods. We updated a 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on pharmacotherapy for AUD treatment, following AHRQ Evidence-based Practice Center Guidance. We assessed efficacy and comparative effectiveness of specific medications for improving consumption outcomes (Key Question [KQ] 1) and health outcomes (KQ 2). We assessed harms (KQ 3) and sought to identify evidence for the use of pharmacotherapy to treat AUD in primary care (KQ 4) and among subgroups (KQ 5). When possible, we conducted quantitative analyses using random-effects models to estimate pooled effects. When quantitative analyses could not be conducted, we used qualitative approaches. Results. We included 118 studies (156 articles) in our review, which included 81 studies (106 articles) from the 2014 review and 37 studies (50 articles) published since then. Studies generally included counseling co-interventions in all study groups, and the benefits observed reflect the added benefit of medications beyond those of counseling and placebo. Oral naltrexone at the 50 mg dosage had moderate strength of evidence (SOE) for reducing return to any drinking, return to heavy drinking, percent drinking days, and percent heavy drinking days. The addition of a new randomized controlled trial of injectable naltrexone conducted in a population experiencing homelessness resulted in positive outcomes for a reduction in drinking days and heavy drinking days with low SOE. Acamprosate had moderate SOE for a significant reduction in return to any drinking and reduction in drinking days. Topiramate had moderate SOE for several outcomes as well, but with greater side effects. Two other medications demonstrated low SOE for benefit in at least one consumption outcome—baclofen (reduced return to any drinking) and gabapentin (reduced return to drinking and to heavy drinking). With no new studies on disulfiram, there remains inadequate evidence for efficacy compared to placebo for preventing return to any drinking or for other alcohol consumption outcomes. No new eligible studies provided head-to-head comparisons. Conclusions. Oral naltrexone at the 50 mg dose had moderate strength of evidence across multiple outcomes and relative ease of use as a once-daily oral medication. Acamprosate and topiramate also have moderate evidence of benefit with a less desirable side effect profile (topiramate) and a higher pill burden (acamprosate). Clinicians and patients may want to consider which treatment outcomes are most important when choosing among the medications. Current data are largely insufficient for understanding health outcomes. Finally, there is relatively little research to assess the use of medications for AUD among subgroups (9 studies) or in primary care settings (1 study).
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Coate, Douglas, and Michael Grossman. Effects of Alcoholic Beverage Prices and Legal Drinking Ages on Youth Alcohol Use. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1852.

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Chaloupka, Frank, and Henry Wechsler. The Impact of Price, Availability, and Alcohol Control Policies on Binge Drinking in College. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5319.

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Haylock, Stuart. Brief alcohol intervention to reduce risky drinking in pregnancy: a pilot randomised controlled trial. National Institute for Health Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.1115148.1.

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Saffer, Henry, Markus Gehrsitz, and Michael Grossman. The Effects of Alcohol Excise Tax Increases by Drinking Level and by Income Level. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30097.

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Allan, Andrea M. Role of the 5HT3 Receptor in Alcohol Drinking and Aggression Using A Transgenic Mouse Model. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448592.

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Carpenter, Christopher, and Carlos Dobkin. The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Mortality: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from the Minimum Drinking Age. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13374.

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Allan, Andrea M. Role of the 5HT3 Receptor in Alcohol Drinking and Aggression Using a Transgenic Mouse Model. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469970.

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Schulz, Florian, Jörg Wolstein, and Henriette Engelhardt-Wölfler. The choice of indicators influences conclusions about the educational gradient of sex-specific alcohol consumption. OPUS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irbo-55267.

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There has been considerable public interest in reports on harmful alcohol consumption of higher educated females. This study assesses the robustness of this finding with representative German data using ten different indicators of alcohol consumption. This cross-sectional study used data of the Epidemiological Survey on Substance Abuse from 2012. 4,225 females and 3,239 males represent the German population aged 18–64. It presents ten indicators of alcohol consumption by sex and education and provides group specific means and 95 %-confidence intervals. The main results are: (1) Higher educated males and females are drinking alcohol more frequently than lower educated males and females. (2) When drinking, higher educated males and females tend to drink less alcohol than lower educated males and females. (3) Only when using an indicator for hazardous alcohol consumption with different thresholds for males and females, the results indicate a pattern that significantly exposes hazardous alcohol consumption in the group of higher educated females. Concerning the choice of indicators, this study shows that sex-specific threshold-based indicators of alcohol consumption may lead to different conclusions as the majority of other indicators.
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Allan, Andrea M. Role of the 5HT(3) Receptor in Alcohol Drinking and Aggression Using a Transgenic Mouse Model. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413015.

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