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Ralston, Timothy E. "The influence of depressed mood on alcohol-related self-control processes: the moderational role of drinking motives." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12835.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>Among college students, severity of depressive symptoms is associated with more alcohol-related problems. Mood states may contribute to problematic alcohol use by influencing appetitive responses to alcohol through activation of alcohol-specific motivational schema. Once activated by relevant cues, these positive and negative reinforcement schema may automatically influence alcohol-seeking behavior. The current study sought to examine whether the influence of depressed mood on alcohol-related action tendencies would be moderated by the strength of negative (coping) and positive (enhancement) reinforcement motives. One hundred and sixty-nine college drinkers participated in a between-groups experiment in which they were exposed to a neutral or depressed mood induction followed by a computerized measure of alcohol-specific action tendencies, the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT) (Wiers et al., 2009). It was hypothesized that depressed mood would increase alcohol-related approach tendencies only for those students with stronger coping motives. The moderational influence of enhancement motives was also explored with the hypothesis that depressed mood would students with stronger enhancement motives due to an incongruence between mood cue and motivational schema. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for each hypothesis separately. For the analyses, gender and AAT order were entered as covariates followed by specific motive score and mood condition in the second step and the motivemood condition interaction term in the third step. Mood did not influence AAT performance, nor was there evidence of an interaction with coping motives. In contrast, there was a significant interaction between mood condition and enhancement motives, such that depressed mood was associated with lower alcohol-approach responses among those with higher enhancement motives. These results suggest that depressed mood may produce devaluation of alcohol for students who tend to drink to enhance positive experiences. More broadly, these findings suggest that contextual cues such as mood may activate or inhibit appetitive responses to alcohol depending on individual differences in drinking motives.
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Andersen, Catherine V. S. "Daily Study of Drinking and Dating Violence Perpetration: The Moderating Role of Trait Mindfulness and Anger Management in College Couples." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1588696150985476.
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Shumate, Howard W. "Repeated Alcohol Use and Sober-State Reactive Aggression: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Sober-State Executive Cognitive Functioning." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33397.
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This study examined the cumulative, more insidious, impact of repeated drinking on sober-state aggression based on research that has pointed to the negative neural effects of chronic alcohol consumption, especially on frontal lobe functioning. In particular, it examined the relationship between repeated alcohol use and sober-state reactive aggression as it is mediated or moderated by sober-state executive cognitive functioning (ECF), thus expanding upon research that has examined the relationship between acute alcohol intoxication and consequent aggression while under the influence (Giancola, 2000b). It was hypothesized that ECF would mediate the relationship between repeated alcohol use and sober-state reactive aggression in college students in that a history of alcohol use would lower sober-state ECF which in turn would increase sober-state impulsive aggression in individuals. It was further hypothesized with a moderational model that high levels of ECF would offset the more insidious effects of repeated alcohol use on subsequent sober-state aggressive acts. Moreover, those effects would remain after controlling for potential confounds of violence exposure, gender, and intelligence.
Eighty college students, aged 18-23 years, from Virginia Tech were recruited to participate in this study. A self-report measure for aggression, neuropsychological tests for ECF, and a lifetime drinking interview schedule were used to assess the relationship between cumulative alcohol use, sober ECF, and sober aggression. A combination of bivariate and hierarchical regression analyses was used to analyze the data.
The hypotheses of this study were not supported. Instead, the results supported a positive relationship between prior exposure to violence and later escalation of alcohol use and perpetrated violence. Additionally, these results support the presence of a â binge drinkingâ pattern within the sample.<br>Master of Science
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Rugh, Doug. "Influences of adolescent alcohol drinking adolescent perceptions of peer drinking." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2005. http://d-nb.info/986312606/04.
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Greco, Michelle Nicholle. "The relation of alcohol expectancies to alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems among college students." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Lau, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Alcohol consumption, motivation to change drinking behaviour, motivation to seek help for alcohol problem drinking and alcohol-attributable morbidity / Katharina Lau." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017586578/34.
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Au, Wing-man, and 歐穎敏. "Parental pro-drinking practices and alcohol drinking in Hong Kong adolescents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208009.
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Background: Although parental drinking is associated with adolescent drinking, the impacts of parental alcohol-related actions were controversial. The present study aims to 1) examine the prevalence of parental pro-drinking practices (PPDPs), 2) examine the association between PPDPs and parental drinking, 3) identify the factors associated with PPDPs among adolescents with drinking parents, 4) examine the association between PPDPs and adolescent drinking, and 5) explore the experience of PPDPs and alcohol use in adolescents and parents qualitatively.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2200 secondary 1 to 6 students from 4 randomly selected local schools. Students were asked if they have experienced each of 9 PPDPs including 1) saw parents drank and being drunk; 2) heard parents saying benefits of drinking and certain alcohol tasted good; 3) helped parents buy alcohol, open bottle and pour alcohol; and 4) parental action in encouraging drinking and training of drinking capacity. Logistic regression was used to compute the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of each PPDP by the number of drinking parents, and the drinking frequency of each parent adjusting for socio-demographic variables. Moreover, correlates of PPDPs were identified among students with at least one drinking parent. Furthermore, the AORs and 95% CI of student drinking and drinking intention by each PPDP were computed. A total of 40 families (33 student-parent pairs, 6 students and 1 parent) were then selected for telephone interview.
Results: Overall, 67.5% of students experienced at least 1 PPDP with the prevalence of PPDPs ranging from 9.3% for hearing the benefits of drinking to 51.0% for seeing parents drank. The prevalence of PPDP increased dramatically with the number of drinking parents (none 38.8%, either 81.6%, both 89.0%).
PPDPs were associated with parental drinking frequency and various socio-demographic factors. For instance, adolescent girls (AOR: 2.28) were more likely to have received parental training of drinking capacity than boys. Frequent paternal and maternal drinking were most strongly associated with helping parents buy alcohol (AOR: 6.55) and training of drinking capacity (AOR: 5.14), respectively.
In general, most PPDPs were significantly associated with ever drinking and monthly drinking in students. Both ever and monthly drinking in adolescents were strongly associated with parental training of drinking capacity with AORs of 6.20 and 8.20, respectively. Similarly, each PPDP was significantly associated with adolescent drinking intention with AORs ranging from 1.50 for helping parents buy alcohol to 3.53 for being encouraged by parents to drink.
Consistent with quantitative data, the interviews revealed that almost half the students reported PPDPs (N=17/39) and it was common for students to see parents drink (N=7). Of the 17 families reporting involvement in PPDPs, all had at least one drinking parent.
Conclusions: Most students experienced PPDPs and its prevalence increased with the number of drinking parents. In drinking parents, PPDPs were associated with socio-demographic factors and parental drinking frequency. Most PPDPs were associated with adolescent drinking and intention to drink. These results suggested that parents should avoid PPDPs to prevent adolescent drinking.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Public Health<br>Master<br>Master of Philosophy
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Bergan, John Robert. "Alcohol expectancies and drinking in Navy personnel." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187126.
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Current literature suggests that the expectations that one holds for the effects of alcohol, referred to as "expectancies", exert a significant influence on decisions to drink. Expectancies have consistently been found to predict drinking behavior for a number of different groups. Data further suggests that expectancies begin to form prior to first hand experience with alcohol. The present study addressed the following four hypotheses: (1) A two factor model in which expectancies are grouped according to whether they represent positive or negative consequences of drinking will provide a good fit to expectancy data. In a recent study, Leigh and Stacy (in press) have generated a two factor model with several distinct indicators for each factors that warrants further investigation with a confirmatory approach. (2) Expectancy dimensions concerning beliefs about alcohol's impact on one's abilities will be associated, as will those concerned with expectations that drinking will impact physical and affective states. (3) The interaction between expectancies and desirability will predict drinking behavior. (4) Skill-related expectancy dimensions, in particular those associated with social abilities, will be more directly related to self-reported drinking than will physical and affective expectancies. This hypothesis will be examined under a model assessing the effects of expectancies on drinking. In order to evaluate these hypotheses, expectancy data were gathered from a sample of 1,585 Navy personnel using a recently developed expectancy instrument. Information about perception of the desirability of different potential outcomes were also gathered. The data were then analyzed using a structural equation modeling to empirically evaluate the hypotheses. The final models that were obtained suggested that expectancy and desirability were separate, but related constructs. Findings further indicated that the anticipated outcomes from drinking could be grouped into those concerning anticipated disinhibition and those concerning expected shame or embarrassment. The structural models that were obtained for the interaction between drinking and expectancy dimensions suggest that targeting expectations of disinhibition may be the most effective area of focus for prevention programs.
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Taylor, Elizabeth. "Collegiate Athletes and Alcohol: An Examination of Sport Specific Motives to Consume Alcohol." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1375884258.
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Wilson, Donald L. "College students' alcohol use, parental-familial alcohol use, and family of origin." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941580.
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Many studies have explored the relationship of one's alcohol use both to family environment and to the drinking behavior of the parents. However, most of these studies have used clinical samples. The participants in this study were from a non-clinical, college undergraduate sample (N = 206). The sample included 69% females and 31% males who were primarily Caucasian.A causal path model was used to assess the relationships between familial alcohol use, the perceptions of family environment, propensity for substance use, and actual alcohol use. Participants completed the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) for themselves, their parents, and one sibling. Family environment measures completed by participants included: the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST) to measure the "experience" of family alcohol use; the Family of Origin Scale (FOS) as a measure of the family affectional environment; and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES Ill) as a measure of family structural and relational factors. The MacAndrew Scale (MAC) was completed to assess the propensity for substance use.A path analysis of the proposed model indicated that family alcohol use did not exert a significant direct effect on propensity for or actual use of alcohol, nor did it exert any significant effect on the family affectional environment. Each of these is a rather surprising result and contrary to results of previous studies. However, family alcohol use significantly affected the "experience" of living in such a family environment, especially when alcohol use became more problematic. Family alcohol use, mediated by this "experience," had significant effects on family structural components of leadership and control, as measured by FACES III. The "experience" of family alcohol use was significantly and negatively related to the affectional environment of the family. The indirect effects of this "experience" were significant only through the control component of family structure and direct effects this "experience" were significant only for actual use of alcohol. Propensity for use and actual use were also significantly related as was expected.Nearly 50% of the sample indicated a propensity for use (MAC > 24), actual problematic use of alcohol (MAST > 5), or both, when using the standard cutoff scores of these instruments. It appears that further analysis of family influences on these behaviors, especially those behaviors that create difficulties in life, is warranted. Treatment approaches have typically maintained that improved family affective and relational environments are primary treatment goals. That the affectional environment of the family was not significantly affected by familial use of alcohol was another unexpected outcome and also warrants further study.<br>Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Sarpong, Eric Mensah. "Essays in labor economics alcohol consumption and socioeconomic outcomes /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12112006-213322/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.<br>Includes vita. Title from title screen. Shiferaw Gurmu, committee chair; Paula E. Stephan, Erdal Tekin, Gregory B. Lewis, committee members. Electronic text (259 p.). Description based on contents viewed May 9, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 250-258).
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Rueb, Skyler Nicole. "Naturalistic Study of College Drinking." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849783/.
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The prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders is rapidly increasing among college students. The use of real time monitoring in conjunction with contingency management procedures to reduce alcohol consumption has only recently been developed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to learn more about natural patterns of alcohol consumption in college-aged adults. A second goal was to evaluate a novel, handheld technology for obtaining reliable samples over extended time periods. College students were given a SoberLinkTM SL2 breathalyzer for eight weeks to monitor their drinking behaviors and asked to self-report the number of drinks consumed each day. Participants received one to three text messages per day to provide breath samples and earned monetary rewards for submitting samples within the allotted time. The results of this study showed that college students tend to consume alcohol during the evening hours and mostly on the weekends. There was a weak to medium correlation between average breath alcohol concentration and conditional average drinks. Compliance with prompts ranged between 77 and 84 percent and monetary earnings ranged between $152 and $160. Naturalistic observations of college drinking may aid in the development of interventions to prevent excessive drinking and the SL2 breathalyzer may have great potential to be used in a number of therapeutic approaches.
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Barbosa, Carolina Pinto Pereira. "Economic evaluation of alcohol treatments : linking drinking patterns, alcohol consequences and cost effectiveness of alcohol treatments." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/815/.
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The negative individual and social impacts of alcohol consumption raise a considerable policy interest surrounding alcohol treatment. Economic evaluations help on the allocation of scarce health care resources, but these have been inadequately conducted in the alcohol field. This thesis builds up a taxonomy of alcohol-related consequences that should be included in economic evaluations of alcohol treatment and uses this taxonomy to critically review the published evidence around the cost effectiveness of alcohol treatments. The review provides a set of recommendations and most of them are pursued throughout the thesis. An economic model for the cost effectiveness of alcohol treatments is developed. The framework provides the means to conduct economic evaluation while bearing the complexity and challenges of decision making in the field of human behaviour. A link between drinking patterns, health consequences and alcohol treatment effectiveness and cost effectiveness is created. This is a probabilistic lifetime model that uses the cohort simulation approach. The model can be applied to any setting and this is exemplified for a UK-scenario. The methods and data for the generation of UK-specific model inputs are described and used in two model applications. A first application of the model extrapolates the results of a short term randomized controlled trial and provides the expected lifetime costs and outcomes of the treatments compared, by age and gender. A second application compares two alcohol treatments delivered in different countries and to populations very different at baseline. Both case-studies show the importance of time and that only a long-term analysis can capture both short-term alcohol consequences, such as injuries, and long-term consequences, such as most forms of alcohol-related chronic diseases. Assumptions and implications of the methods and analyses are discussed and recommendations for future research are presented.
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Wagner, Brandon Grant Harris Kathleen Mullan. "Peer characteristic moderation of peer influence in the adolescent initiation of drinking." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2106.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
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Koutakis, Nikolaus. "Preventing underage alcohol drinking through working with parents." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-20461.
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An evaluation is reported of an alcohol prevention program that targets parents in order to decrease drinking among 13-16 year-olds. The evaluation was performed in a quasi-experimental study with a matched control group and annual assessments, directed at youths and their parents independently, in a longitudinal intention-to-treat design. The implementation of the program centered around three different schools located in inner city, public housing and small town areas. Participants in the study were 900 students entering junior high school and their parents. The intervention consisted in information and mailings directed at parents, which advised them to maintain restrictive attitudes towards underage alcohol drinking, and to encourage their youths’ involvement in organized leisure activities. The implementation successfully influenced parents’ attitudes to underage drinking, but failed to increase youth participation in organized activities. At post-test at grade 9, youths in the intervention group reported less drunkenness and delinquency. Effect sizes were 0.35 for drunkenness and 0.38 for delinquency. Two subsamples, early starters in drinking and early delinquents, were analyzed separately in addition to full sample. Results from analyses of these subsamples yielded effect sizes of .52 for drunkenness and .32 for delinquency. The findings were similar for boys and girls. The effects of the intervention were not moderated by type of community. The main results were replicated in a latent growth curve analysis, which too the clustered nature of the data into account. It is concluded that working via parents is an effective way of reducing underage drinking and delinquency.
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Sharp, Deborah Jane Lister. "Psychosocial characteristics of adolescent alcohol expectancies and drinking." Thesis, University of Hull, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384847.
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Maphisa, Jabulani Maphisa. "University students’ drinking motives : relationship with alcohol use." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019760.
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Alcohol use among university students is a worldwide social and clinical reality. Understanding and addressing this phenomena is an imperative recognised by the government of South Africa and its Higher Education institutions, where student drinking has a plethora of negative consequences. This study builds on the work of Young and de Klerk (2012) with Rhodes University students by adding drinking motives to their findings of demographic correlates. The motivational model of alcohol use (Cox & Klinger, 1988) posits that drinking motives are a proximal predictor of alcohol use. The model further delineates four drinking motives (social, enhancement, coping, and conformity) which are hypothesized to lead to phenomenological distinct patterns of alcohol use. An online survey method was utilized to collect data and a representative sample of 501 students participated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed to address five research questions: (1) to establishing the current alcohol use trend; (2) to investigate the demographic factors associated with alcohol use; (3) to describe students‘ drinking motives; (4) to explore the correlates of drinking motives; and, finally, the primary aim was (5) to investigate whether students‘ drinking motives predicted alcohol use when controlling for the effects of descriptive drinking norms and demographic variables. The results indicate that 68.5% of participants currently consume alcohol, and 51.0 % of these drinking students consume five or more drinks during a drinking session. 20.7 % of the drinking students used alcohol at the harmful or alcohol dependent levels. Increased alcohol use was associated more with males, undergraduates, early onset drinkers, more disposable income, and students‘ perceptions of their peers‘ drinking. Students endorsed enhancement motives marginally more than social motives, followed by coping and conformity motives. Males, early onset drinkers, black students, and at risk (of alcohol use disorders) students endorsed more motives, especially social and enhancement motives. Of primary concern was the role of drinking motives on alcohol use after controlling for the effects of descriptive drinking norms. The four block hierarchical regression model which was run explained 38% of the variance in alcohol use. Drinking motives, particularly enhancement motives, displayed a statistically significant impact on alcohol use adding 11% to the variance. Additionally, age of alcohol use onset, monthly pocket money, age, and gender predicted alcohol use separately. The results of this study indicate that alcohol use has multi-factorial influences. Of note, the results confirmed the motivational model of alcohol use by indicating that alcohol use is partially motivational and that drinking behaviour is not a unitary phenomenon but instead it represents heterogeneity based on the affective change individuals anticipate to gain by drinking. The high binging rate (51%) among this sample may speak to the greater endorsement of enhancement motives, which have been shown in previous studies to be associated with heavy drinking. Enhancement motives are attempts to attain positive affect which, due to the psychoactive properties of alcohol, require greater consumption and intoxication. Additionally, as a result of the greater quantities of alcohol, individuals who drink for enhancement motives would be more prone to alcohol consequences. The results suggest that a multi-level intervention framework targeting individual students, the university community, and the surrounding community, is indicated. Furthermore, intervention may be tailored-made to address specific drinking motives.
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Smith, Laura J. "Alcohol Use and Drinking Motives in Bereaved Undergraduates." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5900.
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This study examined the effect of the experience of a loss on alcohol use and drinking motives in a college sample. Participants for this study were drawn from the “Spit for Science” project (Dick et al., 2014). The sample included 3,013 students (31.8% men, 68.2% women; 44.3% White, 21.1% Black, 19.6% Asian, 6.0% Latinx; mean age = 18.96; 16.2% bereaved) from Virginia Commonwealth University. Data were collected from participants’ freshman spring and sophomore spring time points on the Life Events Checklist, Alcohol Consumption items, and Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised. Participants who were bereaved between the freshman and sophomore timepoint did not significantly differ in their alcohol consumption, coping drinking motives, or conformity drinking motives compared to their non-bereaved counterparts. Limitations and future directions for research are reviewed.
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Caudwell, Kimberley Mitchell. "Alcohol consumption and pre-drinking in Australian undergraduates." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54063.
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This thesis reports research on the application of psychological theory to predict, understand and change pre-drinking behaviour (i.e., consuming alcohol prior to attending a subsequent event). Three studies investigate the motivational and social-cognitive predictors of pre-drinking intentions and alcohol consumption. Two further studies based on these findings report the development and implementation of an online intervention to reduce pre-drinking alcohol consumption and related harm. Participants in the intervention reported reductions in these variables at follow-up.
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Daisy, Fransing. "Ethnic differences in alcohol outcome expectancies and drinking patterns /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9176.
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Bonsu, Jacqueline A. "Do High School Peer Crowd Affiliation and Peer Alcohol Use Predict Alcohol Use During College?" UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/8.
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Peer crowd affiliation (PCA) has been linked to alcohol use in adolescents, with patterns varying by crowd. However, a comprehensive examination of how peers influence college students’ behaviors, especially with regards to PCA, is lacking. The current study seeks to replicate and extend findings from Barber, Eccles, and Stone (2001) by examining whether high school PCA is associated with average weekly drinking and problematic drinking in a sample of college freshman, including friends’ drinking as a potential mediator and susceptibility to peer influence as a potential moderator. As existing research has found that close friends’ drinking predicts own drinking, peer influence may be the mechanism by which PCA is associated with alcohol use and problems in college. College students (N = 490) completed questionnaires assessing high school PCA, problematic drinking, and alcohol use habits among 3 close college friends, as well as a life history calendar of alcohol use. Hypotheses were tested using Preacher & Hayes bootstrapping mediation approach and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicated positive associations between affiliation with Popular or Jock crowds and weekly and problematic drinking in college, and negative associations for affiliation with the Brain crowd. Support for mediation by friends’ alcohol use was found.
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Gorey, Claire M. "Age of Alcohol Initiation and Reward Processes in a Current Alcohol Drinking Sample." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6847.
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Earlier ages of alcohol initiation have been associated with an increased vulnerability for Alcohol Use Disorder and general risk taking behaviors beyond genetic influence. Reward processes, including reward anticipation (pleasure before receiving alcohol/general reward), reward learning (how quickly one pairs a stimulus with alcohol/general reward), and reward consummation (pleasure when receiving alcohol/general reward), have been implicated as potential mechanisms accounting for this vulnerability. However, no careful bio-behavioral research has been conducted on the effect of age of alcohol initiation on general and alcohol-related reward processes. Using Event Related Potentials (ERPs), the current study addressed this gap in a sample of 123 current alcohol drinkers. The Monetary Incentive Delay-General task and Monetary Incentive Delay-Alcohol task were administered to participants, in which reward learning (quickness of pairing the neutral cue or alcohol cue with monetary feedback), reward anticipation (activity to neutral cue or alcohol cue), and reward consummation (activity to monetary feedback) were examined. Electroencephalography was used to collect ERPs that index reward anticipation (P3) and reward consummation (P3 and Late Positive Potential) during these tasks. Earlier ages of alcohol initiation were associated with increased alcohol-related reward learning and decreased alcohol-related reward consummation (P3 and Late Positive Potential) beyond genetic and environmental covariates. There were no other significant relationships. These findings support and extend alcohol theories by showing that earlier ages of alcohol initiation may foster a greater sensitization in alcohol-specific reward-learning and more pronounced decreases in alcohol-related consummation. Although in need of direct testing, this might explain why earlier ages of alcohol initiation are associated with an increased vulnerability to Alcohol Use Disorder.
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Theobald, Holger. "Effects of alcohol consumption on health and mortality /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4620-5/.
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Au, Yeung Shiu-lun Kyan. "Systematic review on adolescent alcohol consumption." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41709160.
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Lawrence, Malinda S. "Drinking in the Backwoods: An Analytical Literature Review of Rural Youth Drinking." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1300476788.
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Walker, N. Robrina. "Examining the Relationships among General Coping, Alcohol-Specific Coping and Alcohol Use in a College Student Population." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37677.
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The coping and alcohol literature indicates certain styles of coping are more protective against alcohol use than others. The purpose of the current study was to explore the associations among general coping styles, alcohol-specific coping skills, drinking to cope motives, and alcohol use in an effort to further examine their theoretical relationships. It was hypothesized that: (1) The relationship between problem-focused coping and alcohol use would be mediated by alcohol-specific coping, (2) Drinking to cope would mediate the relationship between avoidant emotion-focused coping and alcohol use, (3) The problem-focused coping facets of planning, active coping, suppression of competing activities, and restraint coping would contribute the most to the prediction of alcohol-specific coping skills, and (4) Intention to regulate drinking would moderate the relationship between problem-focused coping and alcohol-specific coping such that the relationship between the two would be stronger in individuals who have greater intentions of regulating their drinking.
College students (N = 327) completed several self-report measures that assessed their alcohol use, general coping styles, use of alcohol-specific coping strategies, and endorsement of drinking to cope motives for alcohol use. Analyses of fully latent variables were conducted using structural equation modeling techniques. Results suggested alcohol-specific coping skills partially mediated the association between problem-focused coping and alcohol use. An unexpected positive direct association between problem-focused coping and alcohol use emerged; post-hoc analyses suggested specific facets of problem-focused coping more clearly explain that finding. The hypothesized relationships between avoidant focused coping and alcohol use were not supported but avoidant coping was significantly associated with drinking to cope, consistent with the literature. Finally, the positive association between problem-focused coping and alcohol-specific coping skills was not moderated by intentions to regulate drinking. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.<br>Ph. D.
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Taylor, Mckenzie, Julianna Alley, Liza Hernandez, Jacob Underwood, Destiny Zabala, and Gerald A. Deehan. "The Enduring Effects of Conditioned Flavor Cues, Associated with Alcohol-Drinking During Adolescence, on Cue-Induced Alcohol-Drinking and –Seeking in Adulthood." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/235.
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Introduction
Alcoholism represents a chronic recurring disorder that affects 15 million people nationwide, 4% of which fall within the adolescent age range (12-17). Clinical data indicate that adolescents who binge drink greatly increase their chances of suffering from several dangerous health outcomes (i.e., suicide, risky sexual behavior, car wreck, etc.) as well as the likelihood they will develop an alcohol-use disorder later in life. Moreover, research indicates that cues (i.e. flavors) paired with alcohol drinking produce significant cue-induced alcohol craving, contributing to relapse in adolescence and adult populations. Therefore, the current study sought to model the effect of adolescent exposure to flavor cues, paired with alcohol, on subsequent cue-induced alcohol-seeking in adulthood.
Methods
Alcohol naïve alcohol-preferring (P) rats were randomly assigned to a paired or unpaired group. During the adolescent period, all animals had 24-hour access to 3 bottles; (paired group: 0.1% blueberry flavor extract (BB) + 15% v/v alcohol, and two water; unpaired group: 0.1% BB, 15% v/v alcohol, and water). The animal’s body and bottle weights were recorded daily. In the first two weeks of adulthood, all rats experienced daily 60-minute self-administration sessions to measure fluid intake. Paired animals could consume 0.1% BB + 15% alcohol or water and unpaired animals could consume 0.1% BB or 15% alcohol. The following two weeks all rats were kept in their home cage with access to only water. Following this 2 week period of imposed abstinence, rats were returned to the chambers and consumption of 0.1% BB or water was measured to examine cue-induced alcohol-seeking.
Results
Data indicate adolescent exposure to BB + alcohol did not promote faster acquisition of self-administration. Additionally, during adolescence and adulthood, both groups consumed similar levels of alcohol. When tested for cue-induced alcohol-seeking, paired rats exhibited significant resistance to extinction of sipping on the BB sipper (no alcohol).
Conclusions
Overall, data suggest that cues paired with alcohol during adolescence and early adulthood may contribute to prolonged alcohol-seeking behavior thus increasing risk of relapse following subsequent cue exposure.
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Tomson, Ylva. "Evaluation of intervention programmes for hypercholesterolaemia, excessive drinking and physicians' prescribing in primary care /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2770-7.
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Upmark, Marianne. "Alcohol, sickness absence and disability pension : a study in the field of disease, ill health, psychosocial factors, and medicalisation /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3696-X/.
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Karlsson, Gunilla. "Drunk driving : a study of psychosocial, and health factors, focusing on young and middle-aged men in a metropolitan area /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3901-2/.
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Brightbill, Beverlyn. "Alcohol consumption and college students relating students' alcohol use to family roles, positions and family alcohol use /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1988. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Savola, O. (Olli). "Brain injury and hazardous alcohol drinking in trauma patients." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514273796.
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Abstract
Head injury is the leading cause of death and disability in trauma patients, and alcohol misuse is often associated with such injuries. Despite modern diagnostic facilities, the extent of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is difficult to assess and supplementary diagnostic tools are warranted. The contribution of alcohol misuse to traumas also needs to be elucidated, as the role of different patterns of alcohol drinking in particular has received less attention.
We investigated the clinical utility of a novel serum marker of brain damage, protein S100B, as a tool for assessing TBI in patients with trauma. We also investigated the patterns of alcohol drinking among trauma patients and the trauma mechanisms in relation to blood alcohol concentration (BAC), with special emphasis on head traumas. Finally, we studied the early identification of hazardous drinkers among trauma patients.
Serum protein S100B was found to be a feasible supplementary method for assessing TBI, as the latter was shown to elevate its levels significantly, the highest values being found in patients with severe injuries. S100B was also found to be elevated in patients with mild head injury, where it was associated with an increased risk of developing post-concussion symptoms (PCSs). Extracranial injuries also increased S100B values in patients with multitrauma. Accordingly, S100B was not specific to TBI. The more severe the extracranial injury, the higher the S100B value that was found.
Binge drinking was found to be the predominant pattern in trauma patients. Alcohol intoxication on admission and hazardous drinking patterns were more often present in patients with head injury than in those with other types of trauma. The risk of sustaining a head trauma significantly increased with increasing BAC. The results also demonstrated that BAC on admission is the best marker of alcohol misuse in trauma patients. The BAC test depicts hazardous alcohol drinking better than conventional biochemical markers of alcohol misuse such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), or mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of erythrocytes.
The findings support the use of S100B as a supplementary method for assessing TBI and the use of BAC as a marker of alcohol misuse in trauma patients.
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Williams, A. E. "Alcohol use and abuse : the role of escape drinking." Thesis, Swansea University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636606.
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The Social Learning Theory approach to alcohol use and misuse sees negative reinforcement ('escape') drinking as a habitual, maladaptive coping response adopted by individuals who hold characteristic alcohol expectancies coupled with deficiencies in more adaptive coping skills. This approach has had a considerable influence in the treatment field but only one comprehensive empirical test of its validity exists (Cooper et al. 1998; 1992). The present thesis set out to validate theory and extend the findings of Cooper et al., using a combination of questionnaire and experimental studies. Initial questionnaire studies largely confirmed the findings of Cooper et al., although there were some differences. positive relationships between escape drinking variables such as binge drinking and short alcohol dependence data (SADD) scores arose consistently, with negative expectancies and stress responsivity playing indirect roles. General coping strategies played little part in the prediction of escape drinking. Gender differences, and patterns in non-student populations, were also examined. A series of laboratory experiments was carried out to complement these questionnaire findings, by examining differences between escape drinkers and non-escape drinkers. Initial findings indicated no differences between the two groups as regards the subjective effects of alcohol or physiological cue reactivity to alcohol-paired stimuli. Possible methodological problems which may have influenced the results of these studies are discussed. It was considered that stress might be a necessary factor for the differences between the two groups to emerge. For the final experiment, a negative mood induction procedure was developed. Following this procedure, which had a highly significant impact on subject's mood, marked differences between the groups were observed. Desires for alcohol increased significantly in escape drinkers, but not in non-escape drinkers, and escape drinkers were willing to work for significantly longer at an operant task in order to earn a larger alcohol reward.
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Mkandawire, Tiwonge Jaranthowa. "Alcohol and problem drinking as risk factors for tuberculosis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9402.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>[Background] Tuberculosis is a major public health concern for South Africa which has one of the highest recorded incidence rates in the world. Previous research [1998 South African Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS)] reported a crude association between alcohol use and tuberculosis. This study aimed to examine evidence for a relationship, and the size thereof, between alcohol consumption and previous tuberculosis in the 2003 SADHS as a means of informing tuberculosis prevention. [ Methods ] This study was a secondary analysis of cross sectional data collected as part of the 2003 SADHS. Tuberculosis lifetime risk was derived from respondent reports of past tuberculosis episodes based on being informed by a healthcare worker. Alcohol consumption, problem drinking as well as selected explanatory variables were generated from similar questions from the adult questionnaire of the SADHS. The CAGE questionnaire was used to measure symptoms of alcohol problems. Logistic regression was used to model the relationship between past tuberculosis and both alcohol consumption and CAGE. [ Results ] Current and previous alcohol consumption were found to be associated with an increase in odds of tuberculosis in both men and women, with odds ratios ranging iii from 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 - 2.5) to 2.8 (95% CI 1.4 - 5.7) after adjusting for potential confounding effects of socioeconomic factors, smoking, nutritional status and age. Having a CAGE score of either 1 to 2 or 3 to 4 was associated with a doubling [OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.0 - 4.8) and quadrupling [OR 4.4 (95% CI 1.4 - 13.4)] in the odds of tuberculosis respectively. [ Discussion ] and conclusion Behavioural and biological mechanisms of effect of alcohol on tuberculosis may explain the findings. Impairment of the immune system, both acute and long term, has been suggested as the mechanism of increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. On the other hand, high risk living conditions and behaviour associated with problem drinking provide potential for increased exposure and susceptibility to tuberculosis infection. The study was able to control for several potentially confounding socioeconomic predictor variables although not HIV infection. The results complement a body of research that has documented the adverse effects of alcohol consumption on health in general and tuberculosis specifically. The findings thus provide more evidence for public health practitioners to tackle the problem of tuberculosis via specific efforts to control alcohol use and abuse, in addition to other methods of tuberculosis control.
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Benitez, Bryan. "Anticipatory Motivation for Drinking Alcohol: An In-Vivo Study." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7604.
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Numerous studies from various research groups have already shown the usefulness of alcohol expectancies as predictors of long-term future alcohol consumption. The present study extends this line of research by directly testing whether alcohol expectancies measured in the moment using free association are useful as predictors of alcohol consumption in the next few hours. An ecological momentary assessment (EMA) procedure was used to examine how alcohol expectancies might fluctuate during days in which many people expect to drink (e.g. Fridays, Saturdays) and how these fluctuations in alcohol expectancies might predict future drinking and/or co-vary with important contextual variables during that same day. The results supported our main hypothesis that increases in positively-valenced alcohol expectancies would be observed a few hours to minutes before engaging in alcohol consumption. These findings provide further evidence that anticipatory information processing is a key part of the motivational system that directs future behavior, and that probing expectancies in real-time can be useful for predicting alcohol consumption in the near future.
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Johnshoy, Jenna M. "A program evaluation of the smart and healthy alcohol use intervention." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009johnshoyj.pdf.
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Au, Yeung Shiu-lun Ryan, and 歐陽兆倫. "Moderate alcohol use and health." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48521668.
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Background: Many western observational studies suggest moderate alcohol use is associated with better health including lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cognitive decline. However, the apparent benefit is susceptible to confounding by healthier attributes in moderate users. Randomized controlled trials of moderate alcohol use are infeasible. To assess the validity of these association for causal inference, I examined these associations in a setting (Southern China) with a different social patterning of alcohol use from more commonly studied western populations and using a Mendelian randomization design.
Objectives: This thesis utilized two large Southern Chinese cohorts, the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS) (n=30,499) and the Elderly Health Centre (EHC) Cohort (n=64,353) to examine sex-specific association of moderate alcohol use with cognitive function using observational designs. I also examined systematic differences between alcohol users and the credibility of alcohol-metabolizing genes as instruments for Mendelian randomization in GBCS. Mendelian randomization was used to examine the effect of alcohol use on cognitive function and cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity among men in GBCS.
Methods: I used multivariable linear regression to examine the adjusted association of alcohol use categories (never, occasional, social weekly (EHC only), moderate, heavy and former) with cognitive function, measured by delayed 10-word recall test (phases 1-3 of GBCS), Mini-Mental State Examination (phase 3 of GBCS) and Abbreviated Mental Test (EHC), stratified by sex and age. I used multinomial logistic regression to examine the sex-specific systematic difference by alcohol category in GBCS. I used multivariable linear regression to examine the genetic association of ALDH2 with different cardiovascular risk factors and morbidities, cognitive outcomes and liver enzymes and to assess if alcohol phenotypes mediated any apparent genetic association in men. I used 2 stage least squares (2SLS) regression to examine the association of alcohol units (10g ethanol/day) with cognitive function and cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, lipids and fasting glucose) and morbidities (self reported cardiovascular disease and ischemic heart disease) in men in GBCS.
Results: Occasional alcohol use, rather than moderate alcohol use, was consistently associated with higher cognitive function in both studies. Systematic differences among alcohol users were present. Occasional alcohol users had better health attributes while moderate users had slightly poorer attributes compared to never users. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) was a credible instrument for Mendelian randomization. From Mendelian randomization, low to moderate alcohol use was not associated with cognitive function in men. However, it was positively associated with HDL cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure but not with fasting glucose or cardiovascular morbidity in men.
Conclusions: Moderate alcohol use was not associated with cognitive function, suggesting that previous positive studies could be confounded by better health attributes in moderate users. The lack of association of alcohol use with cardiovascular morbidity despite raising HDL cholesterol is consistent with non-observational studies showing the non-causal role of HDL cholesterol in cardiovascular disease. These may suggest the apparent cardioprotection of alcohol is confounded although it remains possible that cardioprotection is population-specific via pathways other than HDL cholesterol, which require further investigations.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Community Medicine<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Cruz, Iris. "DECREASING ALCOHOL USE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS BY CHALLENGING ALCOHOL EXPECTANCIES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2798.
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Altering alcohol expectancies has reduced alcohol use among college students and may lead to successful prevention of alcohol use among high school students. We randomly assigned 379 12th-grade students to an expectancy challenge, traditional alcohol information, or control condition, and used Individual Differences Scaling to map expectancies into memory network format with Preference Mapping to model likely paths of association. After expectancy and traditional alcohol interventions, higher drinking male participants exhibited a greater likelihood to associate alcohol use with negative and sedating consequences and a decreased likelihood to associate alcohol with positive and arousing consequences. Drinking decreases paralleled the magnitude of changes in their likely path of expectancy activation. Children and adults who emphasize negative and sedating effects have been found to be less likely to use alcohol. Therefore, expectancy challenge interventions that have been successful at modifying expectancies and subsequently decreasing alcohol consumption among heavy drinking college students may be useful in the development of prevention curricula for high school students.<br>Ph.D.<br>Department of Psychology<br>Sciences<br>Psychology
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Barry, Adam Etheridge. "Examining college students' beliefs and behaviors regarding responsible alcohol consumption." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1526.
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Kilmer, Jason Robert. "A contextual analysis of alcohol consumption among college students : implications for the prevention of alcohol-related problems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9188.
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O'Connell, Bethany R. "Cognitive processing biases in alcohol use, abuse and dependence." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326772.
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Wolska, Barbara. "History, culture and alcohol: Drinking patterns in Poland and Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1040.
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It is a widely held view in Poland that for centuries those in power have promoted heavy drinking among their subjects in order to achieve their various goals and that this contributed to the development of Polish drinking patterns. There is some empirical evidence that the political economy of alcohol in Poland promoted heavy drinking among the Polish population. Drinking alcohol in Poland was an important aspect of social situations. The most popular beverage was vodka(s). Social pressure to drink in the extreme was attributed to the tradition of hospitality. Cultural norms encouraged very heavy drinking among men and imposed heavy social sanctions on women who were supposed to display virtues of abstinence. The typical model of drinking was intermittent very heavy drinking, leading to intoxication on most occasions. These norms reinforced the notion that "we can drink more because we are Poles" and the view that safe drinking messages are designed for other nations because "Poles are accustomed to drinking strong alcohol, unlike others". Adult male informants reported drinking much less in Australia than in Poland. The biggest change was a lack of social pressure to drink. Although men claimed that they drink less, some still drink in an unsafe manner. These were largely those whose English skills restricted their employment and friendship networks. Women, on the other hand, admitted that in Australia they drink more often and more alcohol at a sitting than in Poland. Although informants did not mention any alcohol-related family problems in Australia, others reported alcohol related violence within some families. Some safety messages about alcohol do not reach this sample of people. Many view drink driving rules as purely revenue raisers for the government. However, advice from their medical practitioners to reduce their alcohol intake for serious health reasons is given more credibility. Young Polish Australians formed two groups in their attitude to drinking. The first group consisted of people who attended tertiary educational institutions and consumed alcohol in a similar fashion to other Australian students. It is likely that the university environment influenced their drinking patterns. Those who witnessed drinking at home and perceived it as a good thing, modelled their drinking on their parents' and other adults at home. Others, who perceived their parents as non-drinkers, learned to drink from their friends and displayed similar drinking patterns to their peers. The second group was older; some were in the workforce and manifested drinking patterns akin to those in the general Australian population in the same age bracket. Both groups of these young Polish Australians were much more aware of alcohol health messages and more likely to modify their behaviours such as not to drink and drive, than was the older population. However, other drinking related health warnings were largely disregarded. This research demonstrates the negative impact of reduced government funding for English programs and ethno-specific services for migrant groups. More research is needed on migrant drinking in Australia, specifically among those groups whose drinking continues to be problematic.
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Uhm, Jung Soon. "Alcohol and immigration : drinking patterns among Korean migrants in Brisbane /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17392.pdf.
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Palm, Sara. "Early Environment, Adolescent Alcohol Drinking and Neurobiological Responses to Drugs." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229992.
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Genes and environment interact to determine an individual’s vulnerability or resilience to several psychiatric disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Alcohol use is often initiated during adolescence and early onset drinking is associated with increased risk for later AUD. Childhood and adolescence are periods of extensive brain maturation, which makes young individuals more susceptible to environmental influence. However, little is known about early environmental influence on reward pathways and behaviors involved in the development of AUD. Changes in the endogenous opioid and dopamine systems, as well as individual differences in risk behaviors are all believed to play important roles in the increased vulnerability seen after adverse early life events and early onset drinking. The overall aim of the thesis was therefore to investigate the influence of early environmental factors on adolescent alcohol intake, endogenous opioids, dopamine dynamics and alcohol-induced effects in rats to increase our knowledge of neurobiological factors underlying vulnerability to AUD. Furthermore, individual behavioral differences and their correlation to basal and drug-induced neurobiological responses in rats were also investigated. Animal models of different early environments, e.g. maternal separation and social vs. single housing, and adolescent alcohol consumption have been used to study effects on behavior, endogenous opioid peptides and dopamine dynamics. The results identified the amygdala and dorsal striatum as interesting brain regions in which endogenous opioids and dopamine, respectively, are impacted by early environmental factors. The amygdala and the dorsal striatum are both hypothesized to be involved in the shift from initial drug use to compulsive use and changes in these areas may be underlying environmentally increased vulnerability to AUD. Furthermore, behavioral phenotypes in relation to individual neurobiological responses were identified. High risk-taking behavior was associated with a more pronounced response to amphetamine, but the inherent dopamine response was instead associated with risk-assessment behavior. In conclusion, several brain regions of interest for future research were identified. Furthermore, the results contribute to increased understanding of factors involved in the development of vulnerability for AUD in adolescents and young adults.
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Rose, Hannah Elspeth. "Adolescent drinking patterns : associations between alcohol consumption and neuropsychological development." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adolescent-drinking-patterns(f34fe598-c79e-4280-bccb-8ea0116dc82c).html.
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Background and rationale: Adolescence presents a unique time of neurodevelopment, whereby the use of alcohol may have detrimental consequences for brain structures and neurological functioning. Adolescent drinking patterns have been largely formulated using measures designed for adult populations, which may lack the fine-grained characterisations, which might theoretically more likely lead to neuropsychological impairment in this group. Methods: This study explored the prevalence and nature of alcohol use drawing from the SIPS Junior research programme (n=5576) a screening and prevalence survey of alcohol consumption in adolescents (10-17yrs) attending Emergency Departments in England and IMAGEN, (n=1557) a European research project examining risk taking behaviours in teenagers (14yrs). Metrics of alcohol use were formulated into latent class structures aimed to represent the heterogeneity of drinking behaviours. Associations between latent classes and a range of outcomes of harm and neuropsychological function tasks were examined. Findings: Results revealed 39.3% of SIPS Junior participants had consumed alcohol in their lifetime and had a mean age of onset of 12.88 years (SD 2.19). A total of 76.6% of IMAGEN participants reported having ever consumed alcohol and revealed a mean age of onset of 12.44 years (SD 1.02). Subgroups characterised by beverage type consumption were associated with varying levels of risk of harms with observed differences between genders. In addition, latent classes characterised by unit consumption, onset, intoxication, AUDIT-C scores and drinking days in both data sets and across all countries were examined. Varying levels of harm were associated with class membership demonstrating observed differences between genders. IMAGEN results revealed differences in neuropsychological functioning tasks involved in attention and memory in adolescents identified as higher risk drinkers. Conclusions: Adolescents, characterised by a limited number of drinking indicators were found to be associated with a range of harms and neuropsychological function tasks. Latent class formulations offered insight as to how these drinking typologies may present neuropsychologically at a time when a young person may be making decisions around their future course.
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Bobrova, N. "Alcohol and hazardous drinking in Russia : a mixed design study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1344181/.
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This thesis investigated drinking patterns in the Russian city of Novosibirsk, with a specific focus on hazardous drinking. It explored the relationship between hazardous drinking and social-economic characteristics, depressive symptoms and self-reported health. The study also provided an in-depth description of drinking patterns, consumption of ‘surrogate’ alcohol, and perceptions of the Russian drinking culture and the state’s alcohol policies. The research used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. First, it assessed alcohol consumption and drinking patterns using data from the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe) cohort. Second, a series of 44 semi-structured interviews were conducted with men and women sampled from the HAPIEE cohort. Third, 40 semi-structured interviews were conducted among clients of an alcohol treatment facility. These interviews were focused on hazardous drinking. The main findings were as follows. First, hazardous drinking was common among men, but rare among women (30% of men and 1% of women reported binge drinking, 19% of men and 1% of women reported problem drinking, and 9% of men and less than 1% of women reported more than two negative consequences of drinking). Second, hazardous drinking was associated with lower education (e.g. men with secondary education were 1.9 times more likely to binge drink than men with university education), unemployment, poor health (men and women rating their health as good were more likely to binge than people with poor health), and with certain occupations (e.g. drivers or construction workers were likely to report binge drinking). Third, high accessibility of alcohol and a need to relieve withdrawal symptoms were common reasons for surrogate consumption given in interviews by participants from alcohol treatment facility. Finally, the Russian drinking culture was perceived as characterised by heavy drinking and strongly influenced by the interplay of individual and structural factors.
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Garcia, Tracey A. "Evaluating Heavy Episodic Drinking Effects on Educational Attainment." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/583.
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Adolescence and emerging adulthood are transition points that offer both opportunities and constraints on individual development. The purpose of this study is threefold: First, to examine two models (i.e., young adolescents in grades 7 and 8 and older adolescents in grade 12) of heavy episodic drinking and examine how heavy episodic drinking affects subsequent educational attainment. By utilizing two different developmental transitions, i.e., middle school to high school and high school to college, it may be possible to better understand the temporal effects of alcohol use and subsequent educational attainment. The second purpose of this study is to examine how alcohol use at Time 1 may lead to the problems in the adolescent’s immediate context due to alcohol (i.e., problems with parents, peers, romantic relationships, problems at school) and to examine if these problems affect educational attainment over and above alcohol use alone. The third purpose of this study is to examine the potential gender differences in these models. The study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which is a large scale, nationally representative school based sample of 20,745 adolescents who were interviewed in grades 7 to 12. Two longitudinal mediational models were evaluated utilizing structural equation modeling. Binge drinking and number of days drunk were used as indicators for a latent variable of heavy episodic drinking (i.e., LHED). In the 7th and 8th grade model, direct effects of LHED were found to predict educational attainment at grade 12. Additionally, in the 7th and 8th grade sample, a mediated relationship was found whereby educational attainment was predicted by problems with parents. Problems with parents were predicted by number of days drunk in the past year. In the 12th grade sample, there were no direct effects or indirect effects of alcohol on educational attainment. This study highlights the need for using a longitudinal framework when examining heavy episodic drinking’s effects on educational attainment.
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Tayob, Sharifa Moosa. "The Pattern of and motives for alcohol use among the students at the faculty of Health Care Sciences at the University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1068.
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Thesis (MPH)-- University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2012.<br>Alcohol use and abuse is highly prevalent among university students and it is a major
health concern for universities across the globe. It is important to identify students at
risk of, and those who engage in heavy drinking and the reasons thereof so that early
identification and referral for intervention can be made before students at risk suffer
dire consequences.
The aim .of this study was to determine the pattern of alcohol use among the health
care science students at the University of Limpopo (Medunsa campus).
A quantitative, cross-sectional approach was utilised. Data was gathered by the use of
a self administered questionnaire. Stratified and cluster techniques were used to obtain
the sample. Descriptive statistics was used to describe data and explore relationships.
Relationships between variables of interest were established by using the Spearman's
rank correlation coefficient (rho).
The prevalence of alcohol use among the participants was relatively low (23%). 15%
of respondents were categorized as light drinkers, 3.5% moderate drinkers and 3.5%
heavy drinkers. The respondents scored the lowest on the Peer Pressure motive for
alcohol use (35.6%) and equal on the Personal Enjoyment and Tension Reduction
category, both having mean scores of39% respectively. The Spearman's rho revealed
statistically significant relationships among the different types of drinking categories
and the following drinking motives: to experience a good time, to feel good, to cheer
up and to ease when blamed.
This studies finding revealed that the prevalence of alcohol use among health care
science students at the University of Limpopo (Medunsa campus) was exceptionally
low. The study also brought to light that social motives for drinking was the primary
drinking motive and the correlations between the patterns and motives for drinking
were only found among four sub categories from the drinkin motives sub-scales.
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Bruhns, M. "Pub-lore-culture : an ethnographic study of alcohol consumption in County Cork." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269031.
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Day, Katy L. "Women and alcohol : contemporary discourses around femininity and leisure in the UK." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2003. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20658/.
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The thesis examines discourses around femininity and drinking in the United Kingdom in the current historical context. The research was comprised of two major studies. The first, a media text study, involved collecting articles, commentaries and visual material pertaining to women and alcohol from a range of national newspapers over nearly a three year period (January 1998 - December 2000). The second research study entailed the conduction of focus group interviews with women from diverse social backgrounds from South and West Yorkshire around the subject area of femininity and drinking. All texts and data collected were then subjected, predominantly, to a Foucauldian style of discourse analysis (e.g. Burman & Parker, 1993).The texts largely constructed drinking as problematic for women. Such meanings are informed by the construction of alcohol consumption as an essentially masculine activity (e.g. Kaminer & Dixon, 1995) and women as responsible carers who should not indulge in such male vices (e.g. Cooke & Allan, 1984). For example, drinking women are not only regarded as damaging their health but also as emasculating. The increasing presence of women within traditionally male domains (e.g. the pub) has also been met with moral panic and 'backlash' discourse (Faludi, 1992), particularly evident in recent media output. Further, drinking women were positioned as vulnerable and at risk from predatory and aggressive men (e.g. Lindqvist, 1991), but at the same time, partially responsible for any harm they may suffer by virtue of their 'unfeminine' conduct. This raises important issues around the attribution of responsibility for abusive male behaviour, which may be of concern to feminists, thus indicating such discourses as a site for intervention. Yet these operated alongside competing contemporary discourses which positioned drinking women in more powerful ways, for instance, as active sexual predators and aggressors, thus subverting a form of 'victim feminism' which has been heavily criticised in recent years (e.g. Roiphe, 1993; Paglia, 1992). Finally, the thesis further contributes to the postmodern deconstruction of the category 'women' as a unitary one (e.g. Wilkinson, 1996) by using alcohol consumption as a site for investigating the construction and negotiation of multiple forms of femininity. In sum, the thesis hopes to make a valuable contribution to feminist social psychological work around gender, as to date, analyses of women's drinking per se appear to be largely absent from this literature (Day et al, 2001a).