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Journal articles on the topic 'Drinking fountains'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Pompeu Martins, Maíra, Alexandre Junio Borges Araujo, Lara Parreira de Souza, Yasmin De Araújo Ribeiro, Letícia Clemente Olmos Hernandes, Lara Nascimento Zanatto, Daniela Araújo Vilela, et al. "Microbial Contamination in Drinking Water Fountains and the Potential Risk Associated with Location and Cleanliness." Interfaces Científicas - Saúde e Ambiente 8, no. 3 (October 18, 2021): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.17564/2316-3798.2021v8n3p399-408.

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As drinking water fountains are the main source of free drinking water in public spaces, microbiological quality standards in such facilities are strongly relevant to public health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological condition of drinking water fountains in a public institution, specifically investigating the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms and to establish possible causes of contamination. Microbiological analysis was conducted with samples from seven drinking water fountain bubbler faucets located near the restrooms. We evaluated the number of users of these fountains under two parameters: individuals who only drank water, and individuals who drank water after using the restroom. The biological samples were cultivated on a specific culture medium, and the results revealed the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. Although our findings indicate the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the results showed no correlation between the number of isolated microorganisms and the number of water fountain users. No specific correlation between the frequency of use of drinking water fountains and restrooms location was identified. We therefore suggest that the contamination present on the surface of the drinking water fountains is due to both the inefficacy of the cleaning procedures and the location of the water fountains. Identification of public health-relevant pathogens may have serious consequences for users.
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2

Loving, Veronica A., Robert W. Burden, and Anne Lagrange Loving. "An Investigation of Public Drinking Fountains and the Changes in Bacterial Colony Counts when Tap Water is Allowed to Flow." Water Quality Research Journal 33, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1998.020.

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Abstract The quality of drinking water is a worldwide concern. Public drinking fountains could contain microbes from the water as well as from the saliva, lips and fingertips of people who have used the fountain. In this study, water samples were collected and cultured for bacteria from 97 public drinking fountains at 0, 5 and 10 seconds after the water was turned on. Overall, this study found that running tap water for 5 seconds significantly decreases the numbers of microbes in the water, as does running it for 10 seconds. However, of the 27 different microbes that were isolated from 291 samples, increased colony counts were noted for many when the water was allowed to flow.
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3

SEZEN, F., E. AVAL, T. AĞKURT, Ş. YILMAZ, F. TEMEL, R. GÜLEŞEN, G. KORUKLUOĞLU, M. B. SUCAKLI, M. A. TORUNOĞLU, and B. P. ZHU. "A large multi-pathogen gastroenteritis outbreak caused by drinking contaminated water from antique neighbourhood fountains, Erzurum city, Turkey, December 2012." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 4 (June 19, 2014): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814001459.

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SUMMARYWe investigated a gastroenteritis outbreak in Erzurum city, Turkey in December 2012 to identify its cause and mode of transmission. We defined a probable case as onset of diarrhoea (⩾3 episodes/day) or vomiting, plus fever or nausea or abdominal pain during 19–27 December, 2012 in an Erzurum city resident. In a case-control study we compared exposures of 95 randomly selected probable cases and 95 neighbourhood-matched controls. We conducted bacterial culture and real-time multiplex PCR for identification of pathogens. During the week before illness onset, 72% of cases and 15% of controls only drank water from antique neighbourhood fountains; conversely, 16% of cases and 65% of controls only drank bottled or tap water (adjusted odds ratio 20, 95% confidence interval 4·6–84, after controlling for age and sex using conditional logistic regression). Of eight stool specimens collected, two were positive forShigella sonnei, one for astrovirus, one for astrovirus and norovirus, and one for astrovirus and rotavirus. Water samples from the fountains had elevated total coliform (38–300/100 ml) andEscherichia coli(22–198/100 ml) counts. In conclusion, drinking contaminated fountain water caused this multi-pathogen outbreak. Residents should stop drinking water from these fountains, and clean water from the water treatment plant should be connected to the fountains.
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4

Blyth, Warren Evan, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Arturo Aburto-Medina, Andrew S. Ball, and Andrew Mark Osborn. "Variation in the Structure and Composition of Bacterial Communities within Drinking Water Fountains in Melbourne, Australia." Water 14, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060908.

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Modern drinking water distributions systems (DWDSs) have been designed to transport treated or untreated water safely to the consumer. DWDSs are complex environments where microorganisms are able to create their own niches within water, biofilm or sediment. This study was conducted on twelve drinking fountains (of three different types, namely types A, B and C) within the Melbourne (Australia) city area with the aim to (i) characterize the water quality and viable and total counts at each fountain, (ii) compare the differences in the structure and diversity of the bacterial community between bulk water and biofilm and (iii) determine differences between the bacterial communities based on fountain type. Samples of water and biofilm were assessed using both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. Heterotrophic plate counts of water samples ranged from 0.5 to 107.5 CFU mL−1, and as expected, total cell counts (cells mL−1) were, on average, 2.9 orders of magnitude higher. Based on the mean relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), ANOSIM showed that the structure of the bacterial communities in drinking water and biofilm varied significantly (R = 0.58, p = 0.001). Additionally, ANOSIM showed that across fountain types (in water), the bacterial community was more diverse in fountain type C compared to type A (p < 0.001) and type B (p < 0.001). 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing revealed that the bacterial communities in both water and biofilm were dominated by only seven phyla, with Proteobacteria accounting for 71.3% of reads in water and 68.9% in biofilm. The next most abundant phylum was Actinobacteria (10.4% water; 11.7% biofilm). In water, the genus with the highest overall mean relative abundance was Sphingomonas (24.2%), while Methylobacterium had the highest mean relative abundance in biofilm samples (54.7%). At the level of genus and higher, significant differences in dominance were found across fountain types. In water, Solirubrobacterales (order) were present in type C fountains at a relative abundance of 17%, while the mean relative abundance of Sphingomonas sp. in type C fountains was less than half that in types A (25%) and B (43%). In biofilm, the relative abundance of Sphingomonas sp. was more than double in type A (10%) fountains compared to types B (4%) and C (5%), and Sandarakinorhabdus sp. were high in type A fountains (6%) and low in types B and C (1%). Overall this research showed that there were significant differences in the composition of bacterial communities in water and biofilm from the same site. Furthermore, significant variation exists between microbial communities present in the fountain types, which may be related to age. Long-established environments may lead to a greater chance of certain bacteria gaining abilities such as increased disinfection resistance. Variations between the structure of the bacterial community residing in water and biofilm and differences between fountain types show that it is essential to regularly test samples from individual locations to determine microbial quality.
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5

Wu, Yu Lieh, Yu Dai Shiue, Kuo Hsiang Chien, and Chiu Li Wang. "A Study on the Performance of Drinking Fountain Using CO2 Heat Pump under Different System Pressures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2433.

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To avoid continuous damage of ozone layer and deterioration of global warming, many countries have devoted to the development and application of natural refrigerant. Although CO2, an alternative refrigerant in the area of air conditioning is not the best all-temperature refrigerant, it has the lowest operating risk as compared to hydrocarbon (HCs) and ammonia.Traditional drinking fountain provides heat source through secondary energy source - electric heating; however, the heating effect is limited. Since heat pump has a high performance, this study used a carbon dioxide heat pump, which has energy-saving effect and high efficiency, to provide heat source to drinking fountains. It further assembled the drinking fountain system with carbon dioxide heat pump and analyzed its performance.
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Milik, Julita, Rafał Pasela, and Katarzyna Budzińska. "Variability of physical and chemical parameters of water from fountains in health resorts." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400112.

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The aim of the study is to assess the quality of water from selected recreational fountains in Ciechocinek and Inowrocław health resorts. All analyzed water fountains are characterized by seasonal changes in their discharge. The exceedance of biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand values found in the water samples may indicate water contamination with compounds of organic origin getting from the external environment to the basin of the fountain or too little recirculation of water. A significant improvement in water quality was noted in fountains in which water exchange occurred due to, for example, its failure. In addition, the water was characterized by a relatively high content of general hardness and conductivity. Reported exceedances of water quality parameters disqualify it for direct human consumption. It does not meet the requirements for drinking water. It is recommended to introduce supervision over the quality of water from fountains by the bodies of the State Sanitary Inspection in the form of water monitoring in order to eliminate from the water compounds that may have a negative impact on human health. It is recommended to regularly use pre-filtration, chlorination and sodium hypochlorite in water in fountains to eliminate physical impurities.
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7

Wright, Christopher. "Firehoses, Drinking Fountains, and Intrinsic Value." CFA Institute Magazine 22, no. 5 (September 2011): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cfm.v22.n5.9.

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8

Dobraszczyk, Paul. "Ornament and Purity: Macfarlane’s Drinking Fountains." Victorian Review 44, no. 1 (2018): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2018.0004.

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9

Gerhardus, Martin Jakob, Susanne Klammer, Michael Galatsch, and Ralf Weigel. "Use and Acceptance of Drinking Fountains: A Pilot Study in Two Secondary Schools in Dortmund, Germany." Children 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2023): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10050817.

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(1) Background: Water drinking is essential to reduce obesity in children, but effective means for implementation remain controversial. Our study assesses students’ and teachers’ use of and attitudes towards drinking fountains in two urban secondary schools. (2) Methods: In a cross-sectional study, answers from students and teachers to a 28- and 19-item questionnaire, respectively, containing closed- and open-ended questions and short interviews with the schools’ two principals were described and analysed using the question-specific number of responses as the denominator. (3) Results: Questionnaires of one hundred sixty-two students and ten teachers were analysed; 36.1% of students responded. Students viewed the schools’ two fountains as a good idea (73.3%, n = 118), recommended them to other schools (73.1%, n = 117), and felt able to distinguish healthy from unhealthy drinks (70.5%, n = 110). In contrast, 55.7% (n = 88) reported using the fountains regularly; over a week, 39.8% (n = 47) used them less than once; 26.3% (n = 31) used them one to two times. Only about a third (26.5%, n = 43) reported consuming more water since the fountains’ installation. Teachers’ responses were similar to students’; principals stressed planning and costs. (4) Conclusions: A discrepancy between a good attitude towards and actual use of drinking fountains may exist; school communities may need to look for measures to overcome it.
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10

Fawkes, Leanne, and Garett Sansom. "Preliminary Study of Lead-Contaminated Drinking Water in Public Parks—An Assessment of Equity and Exposure Risks in Two Texas Communities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 6443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126443.

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Safe drinking water is celebrated as a public health achievement and is a top priority for the Environmental Protection Agency. Yet today, lead (Pb) contaminated drinking water has the potential to be a public health crisis in the United States. Despite efforts to provide safe drinking water, update water infrastructure, and ensure strict drinking water regulations, there are incidents of unsafe lead levels and reports of associated adverse health effects. While there has been increased attention paid to the quality of drinking water within individuals’ homes, little research has examined the presence and concentration of lead in water from drinking fountain sources located in public parks. In this study, we sampled drinking water from every accessible public park in the Bryan/College Station (BCS), TX metropolitan area (N = 56). With a lower detection level of 2.0 μg/L, we discovered a mean lead concentration of 1.3 μg/L across all sites and a maximum of 8.0 μg/L. Furthermore, neighborhoods below the median income for BCS were twice as likely to have detectable lead levels in their water and had 1.5 times the mean concentration. This study underscores the need for action and supports previous studies that have identified a disparate burden to lead exposure among low socioeconomic populations within the United States. By examining the water quality in drinking fountains in publicly accessible parks, the results of our study provide public health professionals with important information about where infrastructure should be improved and the potential harms of lead in drinking fountain water.
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11

Walters, Kim, and Geoff Cram. "Drinking water in schools: hygiene standards at fountains." Nutrition & Food Science 32, no. 1 (February 2002): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650210412132.

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12

Tserkovna, Oksana, and Anna Voronina. "The experience of arrangement of the urban spaces with the fountains in the settlements of Ukrainian (Part I)." Theory and practice of design, no. 24 (December 22, 2021): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2415-8151.24.16292.

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Among the countries of Europe, Ukraine is marked by a fairly large number of the fountains, which are the pieces of the monumental art, cultural and historical heritage objects. The purpose of this publication: to summarize the experience of organizing spaces with fountains, to explore the development of fountains as artistic and aesthetic objects of urban and landscape architecture. The fountains are considered as an integral part of the historical and architectural heritage of the country’s settlements, which is associated with outstanding historical events and the lives of famous people. Having traced the historical preconditions for the appearance of spaces with fountains, еxplored the circumstances that contributed to the development of sciences in Ukraine and the emergence of the first fountains as a synthesis of art and engineering, elements of a centralized water supply system of the settlement. Traced the influence of political, economic and ecological circumstances and the cultural needs of society for changes in the organization of spaces with fountains, where the buildings transformed their original functions from water distributors that meet drinking, household and religious needs into objects of improvement, artistic and aesthetic elements of urban architecture and pieces of garden art, artistic and aesthetic elements of landscape architecture, were studied.This publication presents the first part of the study, which covers the period of XVIII - XIX centuries.
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13

Dávidházy, Sándor. "Önitatók konstrukciós és hidromechanikai vizsgálata." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (March 27, 2002): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3520.

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Our research aimed to examine Hungarian automatic drinking system constructions and hydromechanics under laboratory conditions and in operation with special emphasison the small volume, valve types.Considering that no Hungarian standard of automatic drinking system examination and qualification exists, on the basis of technical literature, the new examination method of automatic drinking systems has been elaborated.For laboratory measurements, a universal measuring bench was assembled which is applicable to the hydromechanic testing of all automatic drinking systems (cattle, sheep, pig).Summary of the laboratory measurements:Upon comparison of the flow capacity of the valves, in the case of same opening values (h/dn), the rubber spring valve of SZI type automatic fountain has the highest flow capacity, although in the case of 100 kPa pressure even this type has only 15-16 l/min value which hardly surpasses the lower limit of the desired 15-25 l/min range.The loss coefficients of the valves, on investigating in the range 100-200 kPa, showed the lowest value (2,2-5,8) with the steel spring self drinking device.Summary of the operational investigations:In the long term operational investigations, the rubber stripped valve and the rubber spring automatic fountains had the most favourable operational reliability values: K4=0,98 and K4=0,94, respectively.From the aspect of animal operation of the valves, all the Hungarian types are frontal operated, thus such system automatic valve drinking devices can be used only in long and moderately long stands, directed toward the animal.On the basis of hydromechanical and construction examinations of the Hungarian tied cattle production technology the construction modification of the rubber spring valve of SZI type automatic drinking fountain, which is the most frequantly used in this country, was carried out. Due to design modifications the valve parameters improved significantly.The goals of the accomplished valve modification wereζ'sz – loss coefficient to be reducedq – flow capacity to be increased
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14

Razzolini, Maria Tereza Pepe, Marisa Di Bari, Petra Sanchez Sanchez, and Maria Inês Zanoli Sato. "Aeromonas detection and their toxins from drinking water from reservoirs and drinking fountains." Journal of Water and Health 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2007): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.018.

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Aeromonads are inhabitants of aquatic ecosystems and are described as being involved in intestinal disturbances and other infections. A total of 200 drinking water samples from domestic and public reservoirs and drinking fountains located in São Paulo (Brazil), were analyzed for the presence of Aeromonas. Samples were concentrated by membrane filtration and enriched in APW. ADA medium was used for Aeromonas isolation and colonies were confirmed by biochemical characterization. Strains isolated were tested for hemolysin and toxin production. Aeromonas was detected in 12 samples (6.0%). Aeromonas strains (96) were isolated and identified as: A. caviae (41.7%), A.hydrophila (15.7%), A.allosacharophila (10.4%), A. schubertii (1.0%) and Aeromonas spp. (31.2%).The results revealed that 70% of A. caviae, 66.7% of A. hydrophila, 80% of A. allosacharophila and 46.6% of Aeromonas spp. were hemolytic. The assay for checking production of toxins showed that 17.5% of A. caviae, 73.3% of A. hydrophila, 60% of A. allosacharophila, 100% of A. schubertii, and 33.3% of Aeromonas spp. were able to produce toxins. The results demonstrated the pathogenic potential of Aeromonas, indicating that the presence of this emerging pathogen in water systems is a public health concern.
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Remesar, Antoni. "From drinking fountains to promenades. Water as artistic medium?" on the w terfront 62, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 3–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/waterfront2020.62.6.1.

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espacios urbanos que irán apareciendo desde los inicios de la eramoderna, y su papel en relación a la estatuaria, el arte público y el paisajismo. La investigación profundizaen los procesos de estetización de las ciudades que se dan antes de la irrupción, como paradigma dominante,del paradigma del movimiento moderno.Para abordar este objetivo se analiza cómo las fuentes han pasado de ser meros artefactos para suministraragua a la ciudad, a elementos de la composición urbana y el decoro urbano. El artículo se divide en lossiguientes apartados[1] Agua en la plaza en el que se revisan los modos y formas de abastecer de agua;[2] Abriendo espacios para [casi] todos que estudia la aparición de los nuevos espacios públicos y elpapel que en ellos cumple el agua;[3] Suministrando agua en el que se revisa el papel que las fuentes cumplen como interface conlos usuarios;[4] Fuentes seriadas: un primer paso para la democratización del arte, revisa el importante papel delas fuentes de hierro fundido como difusoras de obras maestras del arte escondido en los museos;[5] Más allá de la utilidad. El agua en el paisaje urbano, revisa cómo la emergencia de espaciospúblicos como los parques provocarán una utilización del agua en un nuevo formato más monumental.A este apartado sigue [6] Finalmente, espacio público para todos [o casi todos], que revisa el papeldel modelo higienista en la creación de nuevos espacios públicos y el valor que se le da al agua, recuperandolos frentes de agua (ríos, mar) y generando nuevos espacios públicos como los “paseosmarítimos”, las “costaneras” o los “malecones”. En este apartado se sostiene, implícitamente, queel desarrollo de estos espacios está vinculado al patriciado urbano como clase dirigente.Finalmente [7] El agua como espectáculo urbano, aborda el nuevo modelo de uso del agua en espaciospúblicos que los intereses de las nuevas compañías de servicios urbanos asociadas al patriciadourbano procurarán que sea masivo y espectacular, asociado a la electricidad como nuevo serviciourbano.
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Abel, Elizabeth. "Bathroom Doors and Drinking Fountains: Jim Crow's Racial Symbolic." Critical Inquiry 25, no. 3 (April 1999): 435–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/448930.

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17

Kasamba IE and Malangu MEP. "Quality and security of drinking water supply in the south of the Democratic Republic of Congo." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.1.2142.

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of the different sources of drinking water supply, the impacts of poor management of conveyance systems on the quality of drinking water and its possible consequences on human health. and describe the potential for contamination or deterioration of water in the system. 4881 households were visited and responded to our questionnaire. From our results, the distribution processes, the poor use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or galvanized pipes as well as the management of fountains constitute the major elements which influence the quality of the water consumed by the population of Lubumbashi and thus exposing them to diseases due to microbial and allergic contamination. An approach, not only to raise awareness among the community that this would be necessary, but also, standardized training in the matter must be carried out for the benefit of each user of both the public water distribution network and boreholes as well as the fountains.
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18

Fahrianto, Adhi S., Intan Supraba, Radianta Triatmadja, and Budi Kamulyan. "Universitas Gadjah Mada Drinking Water Supply System (UGM-DWSS) Potential on Supporting Green Campus Program in Universitas Gadjah Mada." Applied Mechanics and Materials 881 (May 2018): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.881.55.

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Green Campus is a campus environment that is designed to increase energy efficiency, preserve resource and improve the quality of the environment. One of the important elements to support the green campus program is the existence of drinking water supply system.Universitas Gadjah Mada Drinking Water Supply System (UGM-DWSS) is a drinking water or potable water supply service to supply drinking water for the campus. This research aims at analyzing UGM-DWSS potential and its performance to support Green Campus. This research was based on primary data collection in UGM campus. Data collection techniques consist of observation of UGM-DWSS facilities, interview with UGM-DWSS water managers and users, and questionnaires distribution to UGM academic community. The daily water production of UGM-DWSS was 10 l/s drinking water. Every day the water discharge distributed from UGM-DWSS to 49 water fountains and 12 water dispensers was1.71 l/s, while the estimated daily water consumption rate was0.07l/s. It is assumed that those who did not consume water from UGM-DWSS facilities bought plastic drinking water bottle. Every day, it is estimated that the number of generated plastic drinking water bottle waste was 19,168 bottles with capacity 600 ml/bottle. Indeed, by comparing to the total water production capacity being produced daily, the idle capacity was 99.3 %.The tendency of negative response from the majority of UGM inhabitants for using UGM –DWSS was due to hesitation about water quality, continuity of water supply, and ease of access to the nearby water fountains and water dispensers. Improvement of UGM-DWSS facilities that are supported by massive socialization programs including innovation to utilize produced drinking water is recommended to optimize the role of UGM-DWSS to create Green Campus.
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Cech, Irina, Michael H. Smolensky, Masoud Afshar, Gregory Broyles, Matthew Barczyk, Keith Burau, and Robert Emery. "Lead and Copper in Drinking Water Fountains–Information for Physicians." Southern Medical Journal 99, no. 2 (February 2006): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.smj.0000198495.41559.f6.

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Patel, Anisha I., Laura M. Bogart, David J. Klein, Burt Cowgill, Kimberly E. Uyeda, Jennifer Hawes-Dawson, and Mark A. Schuster. "Middle School Student Attitudes About School Drinking Fountains and Water Intake." Academic Pediatrics 14, no. 5 (September 2014): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2014.05.010.

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21

Trecenti Teixeira, Gislaine, Leda Gobbo de Freitas Bueno, Daiane Dantas Fagundes, Nilce Maria Soares, and Mario Mollo Neto. "LAYING PRODUCTIVITY WITH CONSTANT RENEWAL IN WATER FOUNTAINS DURING HEATWAVE." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 460–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss3.2235.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the water renewal system of drinking fountains in laying hens and its relationship with productivity. For this, 5,000 laying hens of the Dekalb White line were used in each shed, which received food and water ad libitum. The warehouses had a conventional typology, Californian type. For this, a digital water renewal system was installed in three nipple drinking fountains in one of the warehouses (treatment 2 - T2) and the other remained without the water renewal system (treatment 1 - T1). Using Thermo hygrometers, the average air temperature (° C) and the average relative humidity of the air (%) were measured. For the water temperature (° C), a water renewal system (Flushing Control® - Lubing model) was used, which carried out the renewal of the birds' drinking water six times a day. Feed consumption (g / bird / day), water consumption (ml), egg production (%) and mortality (%) were evaluated. During the study period, using data from the weather station, the occurrence or not of heatwaves was defined. A completely randomized design (DIC) was performed in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (two sheds: conventional system and with water renewal; with and without heatwave) and the data were subjected to analysis of variance (5%). It concludes the efficiency of the use of the water renewal system for zootechnical performance, during the heatwave, but the use of air conditioning systems and measures to reduce the direct radiation in the birds and installation is still necessary. There was a positive influence (p <0.05) in the use of the water renewal system for water temperature (° C), water consumption (ml) and egg production (%). In the presence of a heatwave, the feed and water consumption variables were lower (p <0.05). There was no interaction between the systems and the presence of heatwaves. It is concluded that the use of a water renewal system has benefits in zootechnical indexes, however, it does not interact with the presence of heatwaves.
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Poté, John, Patrick Mavingui, Elisabeth Navarro, Walter Rosselli, Walter Wildi, Pascal Simonet, and Timothy M. Vogel. "Extracellular plant DNA in Geneva groundwater and traditional artesian drinking water fountains." Chemosphere 75, no. 4 (April 2009): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.048.

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23

Santos, Geyse A. C., Milena Dropa, Solange M. Rocha, Francisca A. S. Peternella, and Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini. "Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in drinking water fountains in urban parks." Journal of Water and Health 18, no. 5 (July 23, 2020): 654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2020.042.

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Abstract The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in drinking water is a concern because of its potential to cause human infection and also because of its multiple antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluated the water quality of drinking water fountains and mist makers in four municipal parks of São Paulo for 13 months. Although all samples met bacteriological water quality criteria according to Brazilian regulations, the absence of residual chlorine (&lt;0.1 mg/L) was observed. These data were significantly correlated with the frequency of S. aureus that was found in 25.2% of the samples. The mecA gene was detected in 36.7% of the isolates demonstrating its potential for resistance to several antimicrobials. Furthermore, 27.3% isolates carrying the mecA gene had methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) phenotypic potential. The presence of S. aureus with characteristics of microbial resistance in water for human consumption is an unprecedented finding. Hence, conducting surveillance for opportunistic bacteria, such as staphylococci in drinking water, is reasonable to take control measures and to protect human health, especially in public places with high attendance.
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Romualdo da Silva, Débora Regina, Alessandra Alcantara De Almeida, Aparecida De Fátima Michelin, Teresa Marilene Bronharo, Camila Michele De Souza Hossotani, and Bárbara Braga Ferreira Marta. "Microbiological quality of water from public drinking fountains in northwestern São Paulo, Brazil." Journal of Health & Biological Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v9i1.4132.p1-7.2021.

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Ng, Ding-Quan, and Yi-Pin Lin. "Investigation of Lead Levels in Potable Water from Faucets, Water Fountains and Water Dispensers Using Various Sampling Protocols in Schools." Impact 2020, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.7.50.

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Lead contamination is an example of how elements that leach into drinking water can lead to considerable health problems in local communities. A research team led by Assistant Professor Ding-Quan Ng, from Chaoyang University of Technology, has been investigating the levels of lead found in drinking water in schools. They are also investigating lead release that occurs as a result of galvanic corrosion into potable water. Ng and his colleagues hope to shine a light on the dangers of lead contamination in drinking water supplies and seek to use their findings to promote the establishment of new regulations and policies to improve monitoring of water quality to local needs.
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Andrade, Ocimar Ferreira de, and Flávio Dias Vieira. "Assessment of drinking-water waste in electric drinking fountains by students of a public school in Cabo Frio, RJ." Boletim do Observatório Ambiental Alberto Ribeiro Lamego 6, no. 1 (2012): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2177-4560.20120007.

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Oliver, Josidel Conceição, Ramon Alves de Oliveira Paula, and Sandra Maria Oliveira Morais Veiga. "Chemical and bacteriological analysis of the water from drinking fountains located in a Higher Education Institution." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): e8010212145. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12145.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate, through chemical and bacteriological parameters, the water quality from drinking fountains at a Federal Higher Education Institution, in different climatic periods. Total coliforms and Escherichia coli were quantified by the enzyme method of the defined substrate; heterotrophic bacteria by plating in depth in Plate Count Agar; pH and chlorine, using commercial kits. The research was conducted in two stages: the first one, referring to the initial analyses during the rainy season, with the verification of the presence of samples in disagreement with the current legislation; and the second, during the dry period, after the corrective measures adopted in function the results obtained in the first stage, totalling 89 samples in both stages, from 49 drinking fountains. In the first stage, bacteriological evaluations showed that 65.3 % of the samples were inadequate, while in the second, the failure rate was 20.4 %. The parameters evaluated in the two stages revealed that there was no significant result (p˃0.05) in relation to pH, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. Unlike what was observed for mesophilic aerobic and chlorine content (p<0.05), which are believed to have been influenced by climatic conditions, with higher rates of non-compliance in the first stage, that is, found in the rainy season. These findings demonstrate the existence of inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions and the need of frequent monitoring of water quality, as well as the positive impact after the educational intervention and the adoption of preventive and corrective measures, aimed at the safety of the consumer community.
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Moreira, Anderson De Melo, Willden John Lopes de Aguiar, Olavo Dionísio da Silva Dias, Tiago Medeiros da Silva, Amanda De Oliveira Sousa Cardoso, Letícia Batista dos Santos, and Daniela Reis Joaquim de Freitas. "MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DRINKING TAPS OF A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN THE STATE OF PIAUÍ." Revista Prevenção de Infecção e Saúde 3, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/repis.v3i0.6243.

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Objectives: to carry out the microbiological analysis of drinking taps at a public university in the city of Teresina, Piauí. Methodology: Samples were collected from the faucets of 59 water fountains, inside the campus. Results: The results showed that all drinking water analyzed showed microbial growth, except one. Microorganisms such as Candida sp, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus (including S. aureus) and other enterobacteria were found. In order to verify the antimicrobial activity of S. aureus isolated populations, 5 different antimicrobial types were used, which showed 98% vancomycin resistance and 100% oxacillin resistance. Conclusion: microorganisms found as biofilms in taps are potentially pathogenic, especially S. aureus, which is heavily involved in community and hospital infections. The pattern of antimicrobial resistance found in isolated populations requires further studies and control measures to avoid its propagation.Análise microbiológica das torneiras dos bebedouros de uma universidade pública do estado do Piauí
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Kenney, Erica L., James G. Daly, Rebekka M. Lee, Rebecca S. Mozaffarian, Katherine Walsh, Jill Carter, and Steven L. Gortmaker. "Providing Students with Adequate School Drinking Water Access in an Era of Aging Infrastructure: A Mixed Methods Investigation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010062.

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Ensuring students’ access to safe drinking water at school is essential. However, many schools struggle with aging infrastructure and subsequent water safety problems and have turned to bottled water delivery systems. Little is known about whether such systems are feasible and effective in providing adequate student water access. This study was a mixed-methods investigation among six schools in an urban district in the U.S. with two types of water delivery systems: (1) tap water infrastructure, with updated water fountains and bottle fillers, and (2) bottled water coolers. We measured students’ water consumption and collected qualitative data from students and teachers about their perceptions of school drinking water. Student water consumption was low—between 2.0 (SD: 1.4) ounces per student and 2.4 (SD: 1.1) ounces per student during lunch. Students and teachers reported substantial operational hurdles for relying on bottled water as a school’s primary source of drinking water, including difficulties in stocking, cleaning, and maintaining the units. While students and teachers perceived newer bottle filler units positively, they also reported a distrust of tap water. Bottled water delivery systems may not be effective long-term solutions for providing adequate school drinking water access and robust efforts are needed to restore trust in tap water.
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Liu, Jia, Xiaohui Sun, Yuting Ma, Junyi Zhang, Changan Xu, and Shufeng Zhou. "Quorum Quenching Mediated Bacteria Interruption as a Probable Strategy for Drinking Water Treatment against Bacterial Pollution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 20, 2020): 9539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249539.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water lines may cause bacteria pollution indrinking fountains that could affect the quality of potable water, thus posing a risk to public health. A clean and efficient strategy is required for drinking water treatment for food safety. In this study, an AiiA-homologous lactonase was cloned from a deep-sea probiotics Bacillus velezensis (DH82 strain), and was heterologously expressed so that the capacity of the enzyme on the N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL)-degrading, effect of bacterial proliferation, biofilm formation and toxic factors release, and membrane pollution from P. aeruginosa could each be investigated to analyze the effect of the enzyme on water treatment. The enzyme effectively degraded the signal molecules of P. aeruginosa (C6-HSL and C12-HSL), inhibited early proliferation and biofilm formation, significantly reduced toxic products (pyocyanin and rhamnolipid), and inhibited bacterial fouling on the filter membrane, which prevented the secondary contamination of P. aeruginosa in drinking water. The findings demonstrated that the quorum quenching enzyme from probiotics could prevent bacteria pollution and improve potable water quality, and that the enzyme treatment could be used as a probable strategy for drinking water treatment.
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Bešić, Adna, Zarema Obradović, Adisa Dautbegović, and Amina Obradović. "THE RISK ASSESMENT AND IMPACT OF HYGIENIC CONDITIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGIONELLA SPP. IN WATER SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC AND TOURIST FACILITIES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i11.2017.2319.

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A large number of different diseases are associated with the consumption of hygienic defective water and the use of water for maintaining personal hygiene. Recreational waters, water in systems intended for cooling and heating of public buildings are also significant. Among these diseases, the most significant is legionellosis, the disease which has become more and more important in the whole world in recent years. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the connection of hygienic conditions in public buildings with the appearance of genus Legionella in drinking and bathing water, as well as water from outside and inside fountains, pools and water from cooling and heating systems for public buildings. Obtained results are also used to evaluate the risk of developing legionellosis in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina and among foreign tourists. The presence of Legionella spp. was analysed in 238 samples of water taken from faucets in rooms of buildings intended for people's accommodation, in open and closed fountains, pools, cooling and water systems. Hygienic conditions in the facilities were assessed using survey questionnaire and complemented with legionella findings. This study showed the direct correlation between hygienic conditions in public and tourist facilities with the presence of Legionella spp. in the waters taken in these objects.
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Park, S., B. Sherry, H. Wethington, and L. Pan. "Use of parks or playgrounds: reported access to drinking water fountains among US adults, 2009." Journal of Public Health 34, no. 1 (June 13, 2011): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdr047.

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KAPLAN, MARTHA. "LONELY DRINKING FOUNTAINS AND COMFORTING COOLERS: Paradoxes of Water Value and Ironies of Water Use." Cultural Anthropology 26, no. 4 (October 13, 2011): 514–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2011.01110.x.

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Ezennia, Jeffery, Laura A. Schmidt, Lauren S. Blacker, Roberto A. Vargas, Charles E. McCulloch, and Anisha I. Patel. "Association of park drinking water source characteristics and water intake in San Francisco Bay Area parks." H2Open Journal 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.132.

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Abstract Over half of U.S. adults visit parks regularly. Thus, it is important to understand how park drinking water sources affect visitors’ water consumption. In this cross-sectional study of 30 San Francisco Bay Area parks, 4 day-long direct observations of visitors’ drinking water and other beverages were conducted, along with audits of sugar-sweetened beverage access and drinking water source conditions, including flow, appeal, and obstructions. Outcomes were log-transformed to account for skewness, and results were analyzed using mixed-effects regression models to account for matching and clustering by park and observation day. A greater proportion of water sources in low-income parks were unappealing (57.14 vs. 25.00%, P = 0.01) or in a poor condition (69.70 vs. 43.24%, P = 0.03). A lower proportion of visitors drank water from park fountains that were unappealing (−31%), had poor flow (−22%), or had obstructions (−58%) than those without these conditions. Although only obstructions to the source and water intake were significantly related after adjustment, we observed important effects on water intake by water source appeal and flow. As park water source conditions contribute to water intake, cities should consider installing appealing, functional, and easy to access water sources in parks, particularly those in lower-income neighborhoods.
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Nguyen, B. "Operation of dual drinking and non-potable water networks in Paris: advantages and constraints." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0026.

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Paris is one of the very few cities in the world equipped with a dual network system: the drinking water network is duplicated by a totally independent non-potable water network which possesses its own means of production, storage and distribution pipes. In this second network there circulates untreated water characterized by pressure lower than that observed in the drinking water network. The fact that the constraints governing non-potable water are less than for drinking water is reflected in lower margins in relation to comparative production and storage capacity. Non-potable water in Paris has existed for two centuries; it is very inexpensive and its use in large quantities forms part of the landscape to which Parisians are accustomed. 98% of non-potable water consumption are restricted to the uses of water linked to urban concentration for the comfort or safety of town dwellers: hydrants, fountains, street cleaning, watering of public gardens, flushing of the sewers etc. Therefore, the main consumer being the city of Paris, the operation of the non-potable water network differs in many ways from that applied to the drinking water network. The economic context, the technical implications and the ecological repercussions of the use of non-potable water provide an alternative solution to the exclusive use of drinking water which seems to be efficient and attractive. This exceptional situation does not only offer advantages especially when one analyses the consequences for the network of waste water or the cost of maintaining a dual pipe network.
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Setiawan, Teguh, Radianta Triatmadja, Intan Supraba, and Budi Kamulyan. "Campus Drinking Water Supply System Performance Analysis Universitas Gadjah Mada of Yogyakarta." Applied Mechanics and Materials 881 (May 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.881.64.

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The decent quality, quantity, and continuity of Drinking Water Supply System (DWSS) are needed to support the activities of a campus. Universitas Gadjah Mada drinking water supply system (UGM-DWSS) provides 49 Water Fountains (WF) and 12 Water Dispensers (WD) to support daily activities for all the campus community. This research aimed at figuring out the performance of the existing UGM-DWSS against the current service pipeline distribution network so that the technical condition of the pipes’ pressure, the water consumption’s discharge, and the pumps’ use can be identified. The method used for analyzing is by implementing simulating the network performance using WaterNet program version 2.2 by which pipes network and its facilities performance including optimization of pipe diameter can be described. The simulation indicated that there was 80% idle capacity of the available water capacity. It is uneconomical to make any changes to the existing pipes’ condition considering the very high cost of the pipeline construction. Therefore, pump replacement was considered more feasible optimization approach. To obtain the optimal results, the pump should be replaced with 4 m3/hours capacity with 20 meters pump design head.
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Vučković, Biljana, Nataša Todorović, Jovana Nikolov, Dragan Radovanović, and Tijana Kevkić. "Assessment of radiation risk from drinking water at public fountains on the wider territory of Kruševac." University Thought - Publication in Natural Sciences 9, no. 1 (2019): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/univtho9-18421.

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Wilson, Nick, Louise Signal, and George Thomson. "Surveying all public drinking water fountains in a city: outdoor field observations and Google Street View." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 42, no. 1 (October 18, 2017): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12730.

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Zhang, Cai Rong, Xing Kui Zhang, and Nan Nan Yu. "Research and Design of Touch-Screen Domestic Universal Remote Controller with Self-Learning Function." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 1028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.1028.

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This paper discusses a universal remote controller of household electrical appliances using the touch screen. All the household electrical appliances, such as televisions, air conditionings, drinking fountains, fans and lamps, use only one remote controller. It is convenient for the disabled people to use the household electrical appliances. The remote controller is based on the computer controlling technology and infrared communication technology. The touch screen, microcontroller, infrared emitter and receiver compose the remote controller. The controller could control all the household electrical appliances with self-learning function. Household electrical appliances without remote control could also be controlled remotely by installing the receiving circuit. The remote controller has human friendly interface through the interaction between the hardware and software of the touch screen. The result shows that our remote controller has clarified its effectiveness.
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Rogers, Dylan Kelby. "Water Culture in Roman Society." Brill Research Perspectives in Ancient History 1, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 1–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25425374-12340001.

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Abstract Water played an important part of ancient Roman life, from providing necessary drinking water, supplying bath complexes, to flowing in large-scale public fountains. The Roman culture of water was seen throughout the Roman Empire, although it was certainly not monolithic and it could come in a variety of scales and forms, based on climatic and social conditions of different areas. This discussion seeks to define ‘water culture’ in Roman society by examining literary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence, while understanding modern trends in scholarship related to the study of Roman water. The culture of water can be demonstrated through expressions of power, aesthetics, and spectacle. Further there was a shared experience of water in the empire that could be expressed through religion, landscape, and water’s role in cultures of consumption and pleasure.
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Annibaldi, Anna, Silvia Illuminati, Cristina Truzzi, and Giuseppe Scarponi. "Heavy Metals in Spring and Bottled Drinking Waters of Sibylline Mountains National Park (Central Italy)." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-310.

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ABSTRACT Heavy metal concentrations (cadmium, lead, and copper) in spring, tap, and bottled waters of the Sibylline Mountains National Park (central Italy) were investigated using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry from 2004 to 2011. The mean (±SD) concentrations detected (1.3 ± 0.4 ng L−1 cadmium, 14 ± 6 ng L−1 lead, and 0.16 ± 0.10 μg L−1 copper) were below the limits stipulated by Italian and European legislation for drinking and natural mineral water. In the three studied areas of the park (Mount Bove north, Mount Bove south, and springs of River Nera) with very few exceptions, both mineral waters bottled in the area and aqueduct waters from public fountains had approximately the same metal concentrations as did the spring waters from which they were derived. Conversely, substantially higher metal concentrations were found at some sites in private houses, which may be due to release of metals from old metal pipes. At the time of this study, waters of Sibylline Mountains National Park were of good quality, and no influence of the bottling process on heavy metal concentrations was found.
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Butz, Arlene M., Patricia Fosarelli, James Dick, Timothy Cusack, and Robert Yolken. "Prevalence of Rotavirus on High-Risk Fomites in Day-Care Facilities." Pediatrics 92, no. 2 (August 1, 1993): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.92.2.202.

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Study objective. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus contamination on environmental surfaces in day-care environments, using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Design. High-risk fomites were identified in two day-care centers and sampled biweekly during a 6-month study period. Water samples from water-play tables in each center were also collected during the study period. During an infectious disease outbreak, fomites were sampled from the rooms in which the outbreak occurred. Reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction was carried out for viral detection of rotavirus from the fomites, and standard bacteriologic measures were used to detect bacteria in samples from water-play tables. Results. A total of 96 fomite samples were tested for presence of rotavirus from the two centers, of which 18/96 (19%) tested positive for rotavirus. The timing of the positive samples differed between the two centers. In the center that housed infants, a peak of rotavirus-positive fomites coincided with two enteric outbreaks. Rotavirus contamination was found on the telephone receiver, drinking fountain, water-play table, and toilet handles in both centers. Bacteria in large quantities were also identified in water-play table samples. Conclusions. Moist surfaces including the telephone, water fountains, and water-play tables are common sources of rotavirus contamination within the day-care environment. Until a safe and affordable drug or vaccine against rotavirus is available for general use, avoidance of rotaviral infections is the most effective method for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis.
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Smolcic-Makuljevic, Svetlana. "The sacral topography of the Monastery of Treskavac." Balcanica, no. 35 (2004): 285–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0535285s.

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The stretches of Mt Treskavac with Zlatovrh, a dominant peak in Pelagonija and its distinctive rocky landscape have offered a suitable setting for exercising austere monastic practices ever since medieval times. The sacred area formed around the Monastery of the Dormition of the Virgin in medieval times was founded on the antique sacred place of Kolobaise and the temples of Artemis of Ephesus and Apollo Euthanatos. To medieval renovation of the monastery besides the Byzantine and Bulgarian rulers, also contributed the Serbian rulers of the Nemanjic house, kings Milutin, Stefan of Decani and Dusan. Testimonies to a stay at Treskavac were left by the Serbian nobles enochiar Dabiziv and tepcija Gradislav. The cult of the Virgin of Treskavac confirmed in the written sources beginning with king Dusan's charters to the monastery (1334-1343), left its trace both in the wall-painting of the monastery church and in the activity of manuscript copying cultivated in this monastic center. Over the centuries, many pilgrims, from the royalty local lords and members of well-to-do families to priests and monks Orthodox Christians but also non-Christians, came to show their respect to the Virgin of Treskavac. A small cave church has been recently registered in the immediate vicinity of the monastery. An evidence of the eremitic way of life, it confirms the information contained in king Dusan's charters. Namely, they compare the way of life of the monks of Treskavac with the ascetic practice of Mount Athos and Mount Sinai. The area of Mt Treskavac also shows several rock paintings with a cultic function. This authentic manner of marking out a sacred area may be explained by the prophylactic role of the Virgin, or a Christian saint, in a barely passable, perilous landscape. Springs and drinking fountains constitute another important element of the monastery's topography. Through the monks' continuous and devout effort put into shaping the landscape, the fresh and icy cold water from the mountain springs has been captured and channeled into drinking fountains for the use both of the dwellers of the monastery and of pilgrims.
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Tsvetanova, Z. G., and E. J. Hoekstra. "Assessment of microbial growth potential of PVC flexible tubing in contact with drinking water." Water Supply 12, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.022.

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Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVCp) tubes are commonly used to transport drinking water to public coffee vending machines, ice machines or water fountains. In contrast to pipe materials, the materials used beyond the consumer's tap are considered to be in contact with food and need to comply with the European Regulation for food contact materials; this, however, does not contain specific requirements about the enhancement of microbial growth. The aims of this study were to estimate microbial growth on PVCp tubes which were used to transport water to the types of machines noted above and to compare two methods of evaluating their net microbial growth potential. Four PVCp brands were tested for enhancement of microbial growth using a tube immersion test (the original Biomass Production Potential test) and a new tube filling test. Under field operating conditions, significant amounts of active biofilm accumulated on the PVCp-I tubes thereby impacting on water quality. In the laboratory test, the amount of biofilms on PVCp tubes and bacterial regrowth in the water depended on brand and were influenced by the surface-to-volume (S/V) contact ratio. To protect consumers' health, the microbial growth promoting potential of PVCp tubes should be taken into consideration when these products are in contact with drinking water.
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Perry, Christina, Yvonne Dimitropoulos, John Skinner, Chris Bourke, Kate Miranda, Elyse Cain, Damien Beaufils, Vita Christie, Boe Rambaldini, and Kylie Gwynne. "Availability of drinking water in rural and remote communities in New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 28, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py21119.

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Many rural communities in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, have poor-quality water supplies. The lack of a palatable alternative increases the risk of the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, a significant contributor to adverse health outcomes. This disproportionately effects Aboriginal people living in these towns, who are also profoundly affected by the social determinants of health. Therefore, examining health inequalities linked to water access is important. This study investigated the availability of drinking water fountains in rural and remote communities in NSW. Telephone interviewer-assisted surveys were conducted with 32 representatives from local government councils or Local Aboriginal Land Councils in NSW from communities with a population of <5000 and an Aboriginal population of at least 3%. The results were analysed descriptively. Towns and communities with a higher population of Aboriginal people and lower median weekly income were less likely to have access to free refrigerated and filtered water within the community or at local schools compared with towns and communities with a lower Aboriginal population and higher median weekly income. The availability of free, clean and refrigerated water in rural and remote communities is critical to reducing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and the promotion of water as the preferred drink.
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Ferreira, Márcio Antônio Couto, Tatiana Schor, Rafael Lima Medeiros, Siomara Dias Da Rocha, Eleonora Barbosa Santiago Da Costa, and Edilson Pinto Barbosa. "Development of a sustainability index for the inland waterway transport of the Amazon." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 22, no. 2 (February 16, 2024): e3255. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n2-109.

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The article proposes a sustainability index to evaluate water transport in Amazonas-Brazil, aiming to support decisions and promote effective actions. Using statistical analysis in R software, the Amazon River Transport Sustainability Index (ISTFAM) was developed. The relevance of the social aspect stands out, with an emphasis on Working Conditions, Safety and Courtesy. The economic aspect, with indicators such as Value of the Good, Average Cost per passenger and Cost per kilometer traveled, is also considered. The Environmental factor includes Noise Pollution, Water Quality from Taps and Drinking Fountains. The assessment by vessel revealed challenges and imbalances in economic, social and environmental aspects. The lack of specific regulation in the State of Amazonas contributes to complaints. The ISTFAM although initial suggests the need for expansion to other aspects of sustainability, providing important subsidies. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of specific regulations to improve the sustainability of river transport in the region.
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Grigore, Nepotu, Gheorghe Romanescu, and Cristian Constantin Stoleriu. "Preliminary Monitoring of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water Wells from the Village of Bivolari (The Moldavian Plain)." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2018-0032.

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Abstract The main objective of the paper is focused on water quality research in the village of Bivolari, Iasi County. The Bivolari settlement is situated in the Prut meadow and develops along the road connecting Iasi and Stefanesti. The research done in this paper starts from the collection of data on water pH, water LDO (oxygen concentration), CDC (dissolved salt content) and water temperature. The parameters were measured for 7 months using the HACH-LANGE multiparameter of the Geoarchaeology Laboratory at Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi (Inter-disciplinary Platform ArheoInvest). The study is structured in two sections: scientific substantiation and applicative research. The scientific substantiation part analyzes the water features in the context of the integrated management approach as well as an analysis of the quality aspects of the water supply. The applied research part required monthly field measurements in 50 fountains (without the winter season). The approached subject is is complex and up-to-date because the citizen is a priority for EU Member States (EUPAN, 2009): the aspect of “customer satisfaction” represents a capital priority. Finally, the database is structured into two categories: spatial information such as maps; tabular information attached to spatial data. The paper also follows the transition from the field of research into the field of application by presenting models of data representation, which are at the same time tools adapted to the practical needs. In order to achieve this goal, the concept of quality (both in terms of product - drinking water and local consumer) is defined and addressed in an integrated manner. Of the 50 wells monitored, only one had a water shortage in the last 10 years, and in two other cases there were problems with household waste and dead animals that damaged the water supply. Some fountains can dry at intervals of 3-4 years.
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Di Giuseppe, Dario. "Comparison of the Mineral Element Content of Public Drinking Fountains and Bottled Water: A Case Study of Ferrara City." Geosciences 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7030076.

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Samardzic, Ivan. "Community hygiene problems and environmental protection measures in the area of natural monument "Zvezdara forest"." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 95, no. 4 (2015): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1504159s.

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Abstract:
Community hygiene conditions and equipment represent significant indicators of the quality management of green areas. As a space of exceptional importance for protection of forest complex and biodiversity in an urban environment, Zvezdara forest is placed under protection as a natural monument by an act of the Assembly of the City of Belgrade, where measures of environmental protection and preservation of this area, as one of the most important green areas in this part of the city, are also defined (wind protection role, enrichment of the air with oxygen, thermoregulation, etc.), but as well as a space for sports, recreation, picnics. This research presents the community hygiene problems (?illegal landfills?, lack of garbage cans, hydrants, public toilets and drinking fountains, etc.) and environmental issues (?wild? construction, landslides, etc.). The aim of this research is the recommendations of environmental protection measures and removal of community hygiene and environmental issues, presented in the final part of this research paper, which could be used in the future during preparation of planning documents, in order to achieve better environmental management in the area of Zvezdara forest.
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50

Oliveira, Leandro dos Santos, Maria Aline de Sousa Silva, and Rosa Maria da Conceição dos Santos. "Uma reflexão sobre a sustentabilidade e uso consciente da água na escola Maria de Jesus Carvalho Rocha em Cabeceiras do Piauí." Somma: Revista Cientifica do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51361/somma.v5i1.138.

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Abstract:
This research observes a reflection on sustainability and the conscious use of water within schools. The need for discussion on the subject in educational spaces is based on the emergency character of adopting preventive practices in water consumption. Therefore, this work is the result of discussions generated by the National Conference for Children and Youth on the Environment on the sub-theme "Let's Take Care of Brazil Taking Care of the Waters", and aimed to analyze the problem of the irresponsible use of water in drinking fountains, taps and air conditioners . The research was carried out at the Maria de Jesus Carvalho Rocha school, located in Pedras, a rural area of the city of Cabeceiras do Piauí due to its importance to the community. The research is structured in the following steps: bibliographic survey, an interventional field research, photographic record and organization of information. It can be concluded that schools should develop strategies, use instruments and adopt practices that disseminate sustainable ideas and combat water waste, especially within schools.
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