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Journal articles on the topic 'Drip and surface irrigation'
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1
Bryla, David R., Elizabeth Dickson, Robert Shenk, R. Scott Johnson, Carlos H. Crisosto, and Thomas J. Trout. "Influence of Irrigation Method and Scheduling on Patterns of Soil and Tree Water Status and Its Relation to Yield and Fruit Quality in Peach." HortScience 40, no. 7 (December 2005): 2118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2118.
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A 3-year study was done to determine the effects of furrow, microspray, surface drip, and subsurface drip irrigation on production and fruit quality in mature `Crimson Lady' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees. Furrow and microspray irrigations were scheduled weekly or biweekly, which is common practice in central California, while surface and subsurface drip irrigations were scheduled daily. Trees were maintained at similar water potentials following irrigation by adjusting water applications as needed. Tree size and fruit number were normalized among treatments by pruning and thinning each season. Surface and subsurface drip produced the largest fruit on average and the highest marketable yields among treatments. Drip benefits appeared most related to the ability to apply frequent irrigations. Whether water was applied above or below ground, daily irrigations by drip maintained higher soil water content within the root zone and prevented cycles of water stress found between less-frequent furrow and microspray irrigations. With furrow and microsprays, midday tree water potentials reached as low as –1.4 MPa between weekly irrigations and –1.8 MPa between biweekly irrigations, which likely accounted for smaller fruit and lower yields in these treatments. To reduce water stress, more frequent irrigation is probably impractical with furrow systems but is recommended when irrigating during peak water demands by microspray.
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Verma, Ramesh, Snehil Dubey, Abhishek Singh, and Munish Kumar. "Surface Irrigation Vs Drip Irrigation Method." Agrica 10, no. 1 (2021): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-448x.2021.00010.9.
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Choi, C., I. Song, S. Stine, J. Pimentel, and C. Gerba. "Role of irrigation and wastewater reuse: comparison of subsurface irrigation and furrow irrigation." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0089.
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Two different irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation, are tested to investigate the level of viral contamination and survival when tertiary effluent is used in arid and semi-arid regions. The effluent was injected with bacteriophages of PRD1 and MS2. A greater number of PRD1 and MS2 were recovered from the lettuce in the subsurface drip-irrigated plots as compared to those in the furrow-irrigated plots. Shallow drip tape installation and preferential water paths through cracks on the soil surface appeared to be the main causes of high viral contamination in subsurface drip irrigation plots, which led to the direct contact of the lettuce stems with the irrigation water which penetrated the soil surface. The water use efficiency of the subsurface drip irrigation system was higher than that of the furrow irrigation system. Thus, subsurface drip irrigation is an efficient irrigation method for vegetable crops in arid and semi-arid regions if viral contamination can be reduced. Deeper installation of drip tapes, frequent irrigations, and timely harvests based on cumulative heat units may further reduce health risks by ensuring viral die-off under various field conditions.
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Seifzadeh, Ali Reza, Mohammad Reza Khaledian, Mohsen Zavareh, Parisha Shahinrokhsar, and Christos A. Damalas. "European Borage (Borago officinalis L.) Yield and Profitability under Different Irrigation Systems." Agriculture 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10040136.
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European borage (Borago officinalis L.) is a cultivated medicinal plant in Iran, but common agronomic practices about profitable cultivation are mostly unknown. A 2-yr field experiment (2013 and 2014) was conducted in Guilan Province of northern Iran to evaluate European borage yield and profitability under irrigation with surface and drip irrigation systems. Treatments included (i) rainfed production (I0, control), (ii) single irrigation (I1) applied with surface irrigation alone and drip irrigation alone, and (iii) two irrigations (I2) applied with surface irrigation alone and drip irrigation alone. In 2013, I1 increased flower dry weight by 41.0% and seed weight by 7.1% compared with rainfed European borage, while with I2, the increases in those traits were 23.4% and 0.6%, respectively. In 2014, I1 increased flower dry weight by 78.0% and seed weight by 21.3% compared with rainfed European borage, while the respective increases were 51.8% and 17.3% with I2. On average, drip irrigation provided higher flower dry weight and seed weight by 39.3% and 12.6%, respectively, compared with surface irrigation. Drip irrigation increased variable costs by 165.2% compared with surface irrigation but resulted in increased gross income by 23.2%. Partial budgeting showed that I1 with drip irrigation provided the maximum net profit in both years. Based on the final rate of return, investing in the treatment I1 with drip irrigation was better than investing in the other treatments. Moreover, I1 with drip irrigation showed the highest value of economic water productivity and could be considered for improving the net income of European borage farmers.
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Ali, AHMZ, SU Ahmed, MM Rahman, and MK Rahman. "Assessment of drip and flood irrigation on biomass production, nutrient content and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.)." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 25, 2013): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v22i1.46273.
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An experiment was conducted in wooden boxes to assess flood, surface and sub-surface drip irrigation on biomass production, nutrient content and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.). Four levels of irrigation treatments were applied: (i) SD1 = Drip irrigation pipe was set up on the surface of the soil ; (ii) SSD2 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 5 cm depth; (iii) SSD3 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 7.5 cm depth and (iv) FI = Flood irrigation was practiced without any drip irrigation pipe. Leaf area, leaf area index and biomass production of maize were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SSD3 than SSD2 and FI treatments. Biomass production was 37.2, 41.1, 54.2 and 35.2 g in SD1, SSD2, SSD3 and FI treatments, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE) was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in surface and sub-surface drip irrigation than flood irrigation. Values for WUEs were 0.248, 0.298, 0.430 and 0.156 kg/m3 in SD1, SSD2, SSD3 and FI treatments, respectively. As a result, all three drip irrigation treatments enhanced water use efficiencies than flood irrigation. Comparing the three drip irrigation treatments, significantly (p < 0.05) higher nitrogen was found both in leaf and stem (3.3 and 3.8%) in sub-surface drip irrigation at 7.5 cm depth than flood irrigation (2.2 and 1.4%). Although, potassium contents in leaf and stem were not significantly different between the treatments, but had a tendency to be higher in drip irrigation treatments. Above all, drip irrigation performed better with higher water use efficiency.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(1): 47-54, 2013 (January)
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Petrova - Branicheva, Vesela. "EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES ON IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND PRODUCTION OF ONION." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, ICTTE 2019 (2019): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.2019.07.067.
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Fields studies were conducted in 2014-2015 on the territory of the experimental field Chelopechene to IPAZR "N. Poushkarov" on leached cinnamon forest soil. They were examined variants with different irrigation technologies in an optimal and reduced irrigation regime of onion: V1 - mikrosprinkler irrigation equipment - 100% irrigation rate; V2 - subsurface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate, V3 - subsurface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V4 - surface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate; V5 - surface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V6 - non-irrigated option. Reduction the irrigation rates by 50% at surface and subsurface irrigated results in a reduction in yield by 23 and 7%, and can be used when have water deficit.
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Pal, Payel, Sanmay Kumar Patra, and Ratneswar Ray. "Deficit Irrigation-Nutrient Coupling on Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Indian Jujube." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2222.
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Sustainability of quality fruit production in Indian jujube is adversely affected by improper irrigation and nutrient management. A field study comprising of four irrigation levels (drip irrigation at 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 of pan evaporation (E0) and surface irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE with 50 mm depth) and three nutrient levels (100% RDF, 75% RDF+25% RDF as vermicompost and 50% RDF+50% RDF as vermicompost) was conducted during 2018-19 (11 months) on jujube plant. Results showed that tallest tree (3.72 m), greatest tree circumference (0.32 m), maximum fruits tree-1 (563), highest fruit weight (15.5 g) and fruit yield tree-1 (8.42 kg) were recorded with drip irrigation at 0.8 E0 with 100% RDF. Minimum growth, yield components and yield were found with drip irrigation at 0.4 E0 with 50% RDF+50% RDF as vermicompost. Seasonal ETa was 373.6, 409.4 and 446.4 mm for drip irrigation at 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 E0, respectively and 694 mm for surface irrigation. Maximum CWUE of 18.87 g tree-1 mm-1 was obtained with drip irrigation at 0.8 E0 with 100% RDF. About 55.7-75.5% water was saved by drip irrigations which could bring an additional area of 55.5-85.8% under drip irrigated jujube. Highest predicted yield of 9.02 kg tree-1 was accomplished with 278 mm irrigation water. This model approach could serve as a good guideline to yield potential decision in relation to limited irrigation water for jujube growers in the Indo-Gangetic plains or similar agro-climatic regions.
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Walker, Wynn R. "Drip irrigation manual." Agricultural Water Management 12, no. 1-2 (October 1986): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(86)90018-1.
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Martínez, J., and J. Reca. "Water Use Efficiency of Surface Drip Irrigation versus an Alternative Subsurface Drip Irrigation Method." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 140, no. 10 (October 2014): 04014030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000745.
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EL-Berry, Azmy M., Fathy G. EL-Ebaby, and Sarah A. Helalia. "ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT OF SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS." Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering 27, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 1141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2010.104808.
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Archana, HA, N. Asoka Raja, R. Mahesh, and R. Kalpana. "Effect of Low Cost Drip Tape Irrigation System on Yield and Economics of Sweet Corn." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 19, no. 2 (March 10, 2017): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v19i2.31855.
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A study was conducted to determine the effect of low cost drip tape irrigation system on yield and economics of sweet corn in comparison to conventional inline drip irrigation and surface irrigation systems during 2013-14 at Coimbatore, India. The treatment comprises of two drip irrigation systems with three irrigation levels viz., 75, 100 and 125% of pan evaporation (PE) from Class A Pan evaporimeter. Plant height, fresh cob length, girth, number of kernels per cob and single fresh cob weight and yield were higher at 125% PE in conventional in line drip irrigation system and it was statistically at par with drip irrigation at 125% PE in low cost drip tape irrigation system. Water saving was 36, 49 and 62% at 125, 100 and 75% PE, respectively under conventional in line drip irrigation system and drip tape irrigation system as against the surface irrigation. The cost of low cost drip tape system was 68% lower than the conventional inline drip system. The results of the research indicated that based on net income, B:C ratio and GM/TMV ratio, adoption of low cost drip tape irrigation system at 125% PE was found to be best for small and marginal farmers with substantial yield and income compared to conventional inline drip system.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 71-77
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Liu, Hongguang, Mingsi Li, Xurong Zheng, Yaqin Wang, and Sumera Anwar. "Surface Salinization of Soil under Mulched Drip Irrigation." Water 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 3031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113031.
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The mulched drip-irrigation technique has been widely employed in Xinjiang, China, however, it was found to result in the buildup of salt in the surface soil. To ascertain the effect of mulched drip irrigation on salinization, experiments were carried out during 2009–2010 in two fields of mulched soil drip irrigated for three and 13 years. The solute transportation in soil was simulated with the MATLAB system based on the Richards equations. Results showed that the soil mulched by plastic film did not accumulate salt, but the bare soil surface accumulated salt and the salinity distribution in bare soil was in the ‘Γ’ pattern. The soil layer below a depth of 20 cm in the bare area showed desalination because its salt content was 22% less than the surface. The salinity of bare surface soil including cultivated horizon was reduced by 17% after 13 years of drip irrigation. The simulation results indicated that the solutes of mulched soil were transported vertically to deep soil and transversely to the bare soil with drip irrigation. Thus, the salt accumulated on the surface of bare soil came from the soil mulched by plastic film, not from groundwater or saline irrigation water and did not cause secondary salinization.
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Bryla, David R., Thomas J. Trout, James E. Ayars, and R. Scott Johnson. "Growth and Production of Young Peach Trees Irrigated by Furrow, Microjet, Surface Drip, or Subsurface Drip Systems." HortScience 38, no. 6 (October 2003): 1112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.6.1112.
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A 3-year study was conducted in central California to compare the effects of furrow, microjet, surface drip, and sub surface drip irrigation on vegetative growth and early production of newly planted `Crimson Lady' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees. Furrow treatments were irrigated every 7, 14, or 21 days; microjet treatments were irrigated every 2-3, 7, or 14 days; and surface and subsurface drip (with one, two, or three buried laterals per row) treatments were irrigated when accumulated crop evapotranspiration reached 2.5 mm. The overall performance showed that trees irrigated by surface and subsurface drip were significantly larger, produced higher yields, and had higher water use efficiency than trees irrigated by microjets. In fact, more than twice as much water had to be applied to trees with microjets than to trees with drip systems in order to achieve the same amount of vegetative growth and yield. Yield and water use efficiency were also higher under surface and subsurface drip irrigation than under furrow irrigation, although tree size was similar among the treatments. Little difference was found between trees irrigated by surface and subsurface drip, except that trees irrigated with only one subsurface drip lateral were less vigorous, but not less productive, than trees irrigated by one surface drip lateral, or by two or three subsurface drip laterals. Within furrow and microjet treatments, irrigation frequency had little effect on tree development and performance with the exception that furrow irrigation every 3 weeks produced smaller trees than furrow irrigation every 1 or 2 weeks.
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Samui, Indranil, Milan Skalicky, Sukamal Sarkar, Koushik Brahmachari, Sayan Sau, Krishnendu Ray, Akbar Hossain, et al. "Yield Response, Nutritional Quality and Water Productivity of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are Influenced by Drip Irrigation and Straw Mulch in the Coastal Saline Ecosystem of Ganges Delta, India." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 6779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176779.
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In the coastal zone of the Ganges Delta, water shortages due to soil salinity limit the yield of dry season crops. To alleviate water shortage as a consequence of salinity stress in the coastal saline ecosystem, the effect of different water-saving (WS) and water-conserving options was assessed on growth, yield and water use of tomato; two field experiments were carried out at Gosaba, West Bengal, India in consecutive seasons during the winter of 2016–17 and 2017–18. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with five treatments viz., surface irrigation, surface irrigation + straw mulching, drip irrigation at 100% reference evapotranspiration (ET0), drip irrigation at 80% ET0, drip irrigation at 80% ET0 + straw mulching. Application of drip irrigation at 80% ET0 + straw mulching brought about significantly the highest fruit as well as the marketable yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The soil reaction (pH), post-harvest organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) status and soil microbial population along with the biochemical quality parameters of tomato (juice pH, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids and sugar content of fruits) were significantly influenced by combined application of drip irrigation and straw mulching. Surface irrigation significantly increased the salinity level in surface and sub-surface soil layers while the least salinity development was observed in surface mulched plots receiving irrigation water through drip irrigation. The highest water productivity was also improved from drip irrigation at 80% ET0 + straw mulched plots irrespective of the year of experimentation. Such intervention also helped in reducing salinity stress for the tomato crop. Thus, straw mulching along with drip irrigation at 80% ET0 can be recommended as the most suitable irrigation option for tomato crop in the study area as well as coastal saline regions of South Asia. Finally, it can be concluded that the judicious application of irrigation water not only increased growth, yield and quality tomatoes but also minimized the negative impact of soil salinity on tomatoes grown in the coastal saline ecosystem of Ganges Delta.
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Sohou, Laurenda Rose, Christel Kénou, Jean Mianikpo Sogbedji, Luc Ollivier Sintondji, Euloge Kossi Agbossou, and Guy Apollinaire Mensah. "Synthese Bibliographique Sur Les Technologies De Maitrise De L’eau Pour Les Cultures Dans Les Zones Humides Tropicales." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 3 (January 31, 2017): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n3p152.
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Water management for agriculture is a worry in the world. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on water control’s technologies for the crops in wetlands. Comparison research work carried out on different irrigation systems revealed that drip irrigation can lead to 28-35% of water saving in relation to irrigation surface technic. Surface irrigation offers higher yield in relation to drip irrigation. It’s necessary to improve knowledge and local communities’ technics on different water control technologies in order to provide irrigation’s functions in developing countries. Research efforts on three important concepts are necessary such as : (i) local communities perceptions on crops water need and the responses of differents crops technologies on crops yield ; (ii) interactions between agricultures prospects, water controls innvations and economics benefits of theses technologies.
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Umair, Muhammad, Tabassum Hussain, Hanbing Jiang, Ayesha Ahmad, Jiawei Yao, Yongqing Qi, Yucui Zhang, Leilei Min, and Yanjun Shen. "Water-Saving Potential of Subsurface Drip Irrigation For Winter Wheat." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102978.
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Groundwater plays a major role in agro-hydrological processes in the North China Plain (NCP). The NCP is facing a water deficit, due to a rapid decline in the water table because of the double cropping system. A two crop (maize and wheat) rotation is required to balance the food supply and demand, which leads to an imbalance between evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation. Thus, there has been a decline of about 1.35 m yr−1 of groundwater (Luancheng Agroecosystem Experimental Station (LAES), NCP) during the last 10 years. Lysimeter experiments were conducted under different irrigation treatments (flood, surface drip, and subsurface drip) to account for ET in the selection of a suitable irrigation method. Subsurface drip irrigation reduced ET by 26% compared to flood irrigation, and 15% compared to surface drip irrigation, with significant grain yield and biomass formation due to decreased evaporation losses. Grain yield, yield components, and above ground biomass were similar in subsurface drip and flood irrigation. However, these biomass parameters were lower with surface drip irrigation. Furthermore, subsurface drip irrigation increased the crop water productivity (24.95%) and irrigation water productivity (19.59%) compared to flood irrigation. The subsurface irrigated plants showed an increase in net photosynthesis (~10%), higher intrinsic water use efficiency (~36%), lower transpiration rate (~22%), and saved 80 mm of water compared to flood irrigation. Our findings indicate that subsurface drip irrigation can be adopted in the NCP to increase water use efficiency, optimize grain yield, and minimize water loss in order to address scarcity.
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Robles, J. M., P. Botía, and J. G. Pérez-Pérez. "Subsurface drip irrigation affects trunk diameter fluctuations in lemon trees, in comparison with surface drip irrigation." Agricultural Water Management 165 (February 2016): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.11.008.
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Edwards, K. P., C. A. Madramootoo, J. K. Whalen, V. I. Adamchuk, A. S. Mat Su, and H. Benslim. "Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from surface and subsurface drip irrigated tomato fields." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 98, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2017-0001.
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Irrigation practices change the soil moisture in agricultural fields and influence emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). A 2 yr field study was conducted to assess carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from surface and subsurface drip irrigated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fields on a loamy sand in southern Ontario. Surface and subsurface drip irrigation are common irrigation practices used by tomato growers in southern Ontario. The N2O fluxes were generally ≤50 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1, with mean cumulative emissions ranging between 352 ± 83 and 486 ± 138 mg N2O-N m−2. No significant difference in N2O emissions between the two drip irrigation practices was found in either study year. Mean CO2 fluxes ranged from 22 to 160 mg CO2-C m2 h−1 with cumulative fluxes between 188 ± 42 and 306 ± 31 g CO2-C m−2. Seasonal CO2 emissions from surface drip irrigation were significantly greater than subsurface drip irrigation in both years, likely attributed to sampling time temperature differences. We conclude that these irrigation methods did not have a direct effect on the GHG emissions from tomato fields in this study. Therefore, both irrigation methods are expected to have similar environmental impacts and are recommended to growers.
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Arraes, Francisco D. D., Jarbas H. de Miranda, and Sergio N. Duarte. "MODELING SOIL WATER REDISTRIBUTION UNDER SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION." Engenharia Agrícola 39, no. 1 (February 2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39n1p55-64/2019.
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Beyaert, R. P., R. C. Roy, and B. R. Ball Coelho. "Irrigation and fertilizer management effects on processing cucumber productivity and water use efficiency." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-012.
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Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of processing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to irrigation and fertilization strategies on a loamy sand in southwestern Ontario from 2001 to 2003. Dry matter accumulation, fruit yield, economic returns and water use efficiency were compared for (a) non-irrigated with conventional broadcast fertilizer applications (NI/B), (b) overhead sprinkler irrigated with conventional broadcast fertilizer applications (OHI/B), (c) surface drip irrigated with fertigation (DI/F) and (d) subsurface drip irrigated with fertigation (SDI/F). All irrigation methods enhanced yields, with drip irrigation coupled with fertigation showing significant advantages in terms of yield and economic returns compared with overhead irrigation and conventional fertilization practices. Irrigation increased dry matter accumulation, fruit yield and economic returns over non-irrigated treatments in a dry year, but only DI/F and SDI/F irrigation with fertigation increased these parameters in a wet year. Irrigation water use efficiency was greatest with SDI/F in 2 of 3 yr. This study indicates that processing cucumbers in Ontario benefit from irrigation, with drip irrigation/fertigation being more beneficial than overhead sprinkler irrigation. Subsurface drip irrigation systems increase irrigation water use efficiency over sprinkler and surface drip systems when higher than average temperatures coupled with lower than average rainfall are experienced on coarse-textured soils. Key words: Irrigation, fertigation, Cucumis sativus, yield
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Ranomahera, Muhammad Rasyid Ridla, Arinta Rury Puspitasari, Rivandi Pranandita Putra, Dias Gustomo, and Sri Winarsih. "Agronomic Performance and Economic Benefits of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Under Drip Irrigation for Sandy and Clay Soils in East Java, Indonesia." Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim 44, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jti.v44n2.2020.141-153.
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<p class="teksabst"><strong>Abstract.</strong><em> </em>Sugarcane (<em>Saccharum officinarum</em> L.) growth and production are greatly affected by water availability. The lack of water availability in sugarcane cultivation can be surmounted by irrigation. In performing irrigation, it is essential to understand the sugarcane crop water requirement and soil texture as they influence the irrigation efficiency. To date, drip irrigation is considered as the most efficient type of irrigation. This study aimed to investigate both agronomic performance and economic benefits of different irrigation methods for sugarcane grown in sandy (in Kediri) and clay (in Pasuruan) soils. The irrigation treatments were surface drip irrigation, sub-surface drip irrigation, and conventional irrigation, while the conventional irrigation through drains was the control treatment. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. In sandy soil, both surface and sub-surface drip irrigation led to better agronomical performance yet the conventional irrigation showed a contrasting result. Sugarcane productivity under surface drip irrigation, sub-surface drip irrigation, and conventional irrigation were 81.29, 110.33, and 69.25 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Meanwhile, in clay soil, there were no prominent differences of agronomic parameters between all irrigation treatments. Sugarcane productivity under surface drip irrigation, sub-surface drip irrigation, and conventional irrigation were 79.03, 60.58, and 78.16 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>,respectively. The water cost used to produce one kg of sugarcane biomass under conventional irrigation, surface drip irrigation, and sub-surface drip irrigation in sandy soil were IDR 169, IDR 103, and IDR 87, while the cost in clay soil were IDR 443, IDR 218, and IDR 293, respectively.<strong></strong></p><strong><em>Abstrak</em>. </strong>Pertumbuhan dan produksi tebu (<em>Saccharum officinarum</em> L.) dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan air. Kekurangan air dalam budidaya tebu dapat dipenuhi melalui irigasi. Dalam melakukan irigasi, penting untuk mengetahui kebutuhan air tebu dan tekstur tanah karena kedua faktor tersebut mempengaruhi efisiensi irigasi. Hingga saat ini, irigasi tetes merupakan salah satu jenis irigasi yang paling efisien dalam pertanian. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa agronomis serta keuntungan ekonomis berbagai metode irigasi pada tanaman tebu yang ditanam di tanah bertekstur pasir (di Kediri) dan lempung (di Pasuruan). Perlakuan irigasi pada penelitian ini yaitu irigasi tetes permukaan, irigasi tetes bawah permukaan, dan irigasi konvensional, dimana irigasi konvensional yang diberikan melalui parit menjadi perlakuan kontrol. Desain percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap, dengan tiga ulangan. Pada tanah pasir, performa agronomis tebu pada perlakuan irigasi tetes permukaan dan bawah permukaan lebih baik daripada irigasi konvensional. Produktivitas tebu pada irigasi tetes permukaan, irigasi tetes bawah permukaan, dan konvensional di tanah pasir masing-masing sebesar 81,29 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, 110,33 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> dan 69,25 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>. Pada lokasi percobaan di tanah lempung, tidak ada perbedaan agronomis tebu yang signifikan antar perlakuan irigasi. Produktivitas tebu pada irigasi tetes permukaan, irigasi tetes bawah permukaan, dan konvensional di tanah lempung masing-masing sebesar 79,03 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, 60,58 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, dan 78,16 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>. Biaya air yang digunakan untuk memproduksi satu kilogram tebu dengan perlakuan irigasi konvensional, irigasi tetes permukaan, dan irigasi tetes bawah permukaan di tanah pasir masing-masing sebesar IDR 169, IDR 103, dan IDR 87, sedangkan di tanah lempung masing-masing sebesar IDR 443, IDR 218, dan IDR 293.
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Leskovar, D. I., J. C. Ward, R. W. Sprague, and A. Meiri. "Drip Irrigation and Stand Establishment Affect Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 545d—545. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.545d.
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Water pumping restrictions of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting vegetable production in Southwest Texas. There is a need to develop efficient deficit-irrigation strategies to minimize irrigation inputs and maintain crop profitability. Our objective was to determine how growth, yield, and quality of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. `Caravelle') are affected by irrigation systems with varying input levels, including drip depth position and polyethylene mulch. Stand establishment systems used were containerized transplants and direct seeding. Field experiments were conducted on a Uvalde silty clay loam soil. Marketable yields increased in the order of pre-irrigation followed by: dry-land conditions, furrow/no-mulch, furrow/mulch, drip-surface (0 cm depth)/mulch, drip-subsurface (10-cm depth)/mulch, and drip-subsurface (30 cm depth)/mulch. Pooled across all drip depth treatments, plants on drip had higher water use efficiency than plants on furrow/no-mulch or furrow/mulch systems. Transplants with drip-surface produced 75% higher total and fruit size No. 9 yields than drip-subsurface (10- or 30-cm depth) during the first harvest, but total yields were unaffected by drip tape position. About similar trends were measured in a subsequent study except for a significant irrigation system (stand establishment interaction for yield. Total yields were highest for transplants on drip-subsurface (10-cm depth) and direct seeded plants on drip-subsurface (10 and 30 cm depth) with mulch.
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Rolbiecki, Roman, Stanisław Rolbiecki, Anna Figas, Barbara Jagosz, Piotr Stachowski, Hicran A. Sadan, Piotr Prus, and Ferenc Pal-Fam. "Requirements and Effects of Surface Drip Irrigation of Mid-Early Potato Cultivar Courage on a Very Light Soil in Central Poland." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010033.
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The purpose of this research was to determine the water needs and results of drip irrigation of mid-early potato cultivar Courage. Studies were carried out in central Poland in 2011–2013 on very light soil. The experiment was designed as two-factorial trials with four replications. The first factor was drip irrigation: O = control (without irrigation), D = drip irrigation. The second factor was the nitrogen fertilization method: P = broadcasting, F = drip fertigation. Nitrogen fertilization was 120 kg N ha−1 on each plot. Crop coefficients for irrigation period were 0.4 in June and 0.6 in July and August. According to calculations based on the crop coefficients and correction coefficients acc. HargreavesDA model the water requirement of potato for June–August was 202 mm. Drip irrigation increased the marketable tuber yield by 55%. Irrigation water use efficiency increased from 257 kg ha−1 mm−1 in D + P to 264 kg ha−1 mm−1 in D + F. The productivity of 1 kg of nitrogen fertilization was 189 kg ha−1 in control non-irrigated plots and 321 kg ha−1 in drip-irrigated plots, and it rose up to 337 kg ha−1 when fertilization was applied by fertigation.
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Alekseev, Viktor, Sergey Chuchkalov, Vladimir Philippov, Aleksey Rechnov, Sergey Vasiliev, and Vyacheslav Krasnov. "Simulation of drip irrigation on slope lands." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700218.
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One of the main tasks of drip irrigation is to predict the geometric parameters of the moisture contours by estimating the impact of the water rate and the irrigation water on the moisture distribution in the soil. In this paper the soil water retention curve and function of moisture conductivity are used to simulate the process of moisture movement taking into account both the state and the type of soil. A software tool has been developed to automate calculations and visualize them. One of the main advantages of this software tool is that it allows using three-dimensional arrays of porosity values, specific surface area and initial soil moisture for each elementary volume of soil. The results of simulating various initial conditions make it possible to form contours and maintain optimum soil moisture right in the area of the plant root zone development. The correspondence of the simulation results to real data was verified by a series of laboratory and field experiments having light-gray forest soil. The calculated coefficients of determination have average values, that are quite high for such tasks, namely 0.68 (horizontal surfaces) and 0.72 (inclined surfaces).
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Yin, Xinhua, Clark Seavert, and Jinhe Bai. "(214) Adult Pear Response to Integrated Nitrogen Fertigation and Drip Irrigation System." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1084B—1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1084b.
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Responses of adult pear to the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system have not been documented in Oregon. A field trial was conducted on adult pear at the Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Hood River, Ore., in 2005. Two N and water management systems (integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system; and broadcast application of dry N fertilizer to the soil surface and microsprinkler irrigation system) were compared on pear cultivars of Bartlett and Golden Russet Bosc, and rootstocks of OH×F97 and OH×F87. The responses of these cultivars and rootstocks to the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system were similar. The integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system consumed 1450 m3·ha-1 of irrigation water during the entire season from May to September, reducing irrigation water use by 73% compared with 5297 m3·ha-1 under the current system—broadcast application of dry N fertilizer to the soil surface and microsprinkler irrigation system averaged over the four cultivar and rootstock combinations. The fruit yield was statistically similar for the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system and the broadcast application of dry N fertilizer and microsprinkler irrigation system on the average of the four cultivars and rootstocks. Differences in fruit size and color were negligible between the two N and irrigation management systems. Overall, our results suggest that adopting the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system does not cause significant reduction in yield or quality of adult pear; the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system could be a profitable and environmentally sound management alternative for pear production.
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Kadbhane, Sharad J., and Vivek L. Manekar. "An experimental study of the surface and subsurface irrigation methods with respect to soil moisture on grape yard." Journal of Water and Land Development 31, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2016-0038.
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AbstractIn this study, field experiment has been carried out on the grape yard during the summer, Rainy, and winter seasons using different irrigation methods and measuring its impact on moisture retention. Six different irrigation methods such as drip irrigation (DI), drip irrigation with plastic mulching (DIPM), drip irrigation with organic mulching (DIOM), subsurface irrigation with stone column (SISC), subsurface irrigation with mud pot (SIMP), and subsurface irrigation with plastic bottles (SIPB) are used during experimental work. CROPWAT-8.0 model (FAO) is used to find out crop water requirements. Soil moisture is measured using soil moisture sensors fixed in the depth of 30 and 60 cm at the same location. Climatic parameters are obtained from the automatic weather station which is located near the experimental field. Multifactorial statistical analysis has been carried out using recorded soil moisture and climatic data. As per experimental results and analysis, it is observed that drip irrigation with the plastic mulching method is found to be the best method of irrigation for soil moisture retention among all other methods due to its highest soil moisture retention value as 25–30%. Whereas subsurface irrigation with the plastic bottle method is found to be suitable as it retained 15–20% soil moisture and material used in this irrigation method is waste material and the cheapest one.
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Monteiro, Rodrigo OC, Rubens D. Coelho, Paulo CT de Melo, Priscylla Ferraz, Sérgio WP Chaves, Fernando H. Shirahige, Eugênio Beltrame Neto, and Sônia Maria de S. Piedade. "Net melon performance as affected by the drip irrigation depth and mulching." Horticultura Brasileira 26, no. 4 (December 2008): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362008000400005.
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The modern techniques of water supply through irrigation can substantially reduce water waste, which contributes to attend the enlarging water demand. The objective of this work was to study the influence of subsurface drip irrigation and mulching over melon yield and quality characteristics, in a sandy soil (Typic Hapludox). The experimental design was blocks at random, with four replications. Treatments were displayed in a 2 x 3 factorial (with and without mulching x surface and 0.20 and 0.40 depth subsurface drip irrigation). Mulching using double-sided silver/black film increased fruit average mass, plant production, yield, daily growth rate for plant height and crown diameter, fruit distal diameter, and pulp thickness. The subsurface drip irrigation at 0.20 m depth resulted in larger fruit average mass, plant production, and yield than surface and 0.40 m depth drip irrigation.
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Reding, Michael E., Heping Zhu, and Richard Derksen. "Drip Chemigation with Imidacloprid and Nematodes for Control of Scarab Larvae in Nursery Crops." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-26.2.93.
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Abstract Larvae of scarabs, also known as white grubs, are subterranean insects that damage ornamental nursery crops when they feed on roots. Management is generally based on application of chemical insecticides to the soil surface, followed by supplemental water to leach the toxicants into the soil. Drip irrigation systems have the potential to deliver insecticides and insect pathogens to the root zones of crops to control subterranean insects. From 2004 through 2006, we tested the efficacy of imidacloprid (2004–2006), clothianidin (2006), or entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) + imidacloprid (2005) applied through drip irrigation to control white grubs in an ornamental nursery. Insecticides (imidacloprid or clothianidin) or EPN + imidacloprid were injected into drip irrigation lines at the upstream end of rows in a commercial nursery. EPN + imidacloprid was also injected into the root zone of trees or applied as a surface drench. In 2004 and 2005, imidacloprid applied at a preventive timing through drip irrigation lines significantly reduced the numbers of white grubs in the root zones of Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa Hance) trees. In 2006, variation in the data resulted in no significant differences at the P = 0.05 level, although, the percentage reductions of grubs by imidacloprid and clothianidin applied through drip irrigation were similar to trials in 2004 and 2005. EPN + imidacloprid applied through drip irrigation, injected into the soil, and surface drenched at a curative timing all significantly reduced the numbers of grubs compared to untreated trees. These data indicate drip irrigation is a viable delivery system for controls of white grubs in nursery crops.
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Bravdo, B., and E. L. Proebsting. "Use of Drip Irrigation in Orchards." HortTechnology 3, no. 1 (January 1993): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.3.1.44.
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The use of drip irrigation in orchards is increasing worldwide. Water shortage, prevention of ground water contamination, and improved production are the main reasons for this increase. The combination of partial wetting of the soil and control of the water penetration depth considerably increases the efficiency of irrigation. Recent technological improvements permit maintenance of a constant volume of irrigated soil in which gradients of soil water matric potentials and mineral concentrations exist from the irrigation point to the margins of the wetted zone. Because water and mineral uptake is a function of soil matric potential and mineral concentration, respectively, optimal uptake rates by certain portions of the root system always exist along these gradients for any given environmental conditions. Gradients of air concentration act similarly and permit maintenance of high water availability without any interference with root aeration. Due to the relative ability of the roots to exchange water, minerals, and, possibly, oxygen, the entire root system functions more efficiently compared to root systems under conventional irrigation methods. Physiological root restriction effects induce the formation of a large number of small roots with frequent branching. Consequently, the relative surface area for water and mineral absorption is increased several-fold, and the increased number of root tips that are known to be involved in production of hormones (such as gibberelins and cytokinins) is significant. Evidence for enhanced fruit bud formation under conditions of root restriction is presented here. Water treatment and filtration technology has improved, and clogging of surface or buried drip systems now can be minimized, which also increases the suitable range of water quality for use in drip systems.
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Wang, Zhen Hua, Xu Rong Zheng, Cheng Xia Lei, and Zhao Yang Li. "The Research on the Field Soil Salinity Environment Change with Different Drip Irrigation Years." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.792.
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With the increasion of the application years under-mulch drip irrigation, the field soil salinity environment change and its influence on the crops cause the concern. To choose the field close and continuously apply under-mulch drip irrigation about 2-14 and the cotton field 8 pieces in order to monitor soil salinity variation.The results initially show that :the soil of inner mulch with 0-20cm soil desalts,from40cm to 80cm accumulates salt; between the mulch bare land the soil salinity on the surface assembles,above the 60cm the soil salinity accumulates,below the 100cm the soil salinity is close to the inner mulch.The soil salinity content within four drip irrigation years is relatively high, is comparatively low over 6 drip irrigation years,the field salinity environment is relatively good.From 0 to 40cm the soil salinity content decreases with the drip irrigation years increases at the end of the growth process; from 60 to 100cm the accumulated salinity with the drip irrigation four years is highest.Suggest enlarging the salinity regulation dynamics within 6 drip irrigation years.
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Arbat, G., J. Puig-Bargués, M. Duran-Ros, J. Barragán, and F. Ramírez de Cartagena. "Drip-Irriwater: Computer software to simulate soil wetting patterns under surface drip irrigation." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 98 (October 2013): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2013.08.009.
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Thentu, T. L., D. Dutta, D. Dutta Mudi, and A. Saha. "Performance of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) under drip irrigation and mulch." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.974.
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Field experiment was conducted at Central Research Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyala, Gayespur, West Bengal during winter seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13 to assess the comparative effectiveness of drip and conventional surface irrigation with and without mulch on growth and yield of broccoli. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design replicated thrice. Main plot treatments consist of four levels of irrigation such as surface irrigation with IW/CPE 1.0 and three drip irrigation at 1.0, 0.8 and 0.6 ETc (crop-evapotranspiration), and three mulch levels like no mulch, black polythene mulch and paddy straw mulch @ 5t/ha in sub-plots. The results showed that drip irrigation at 0.8 ETc showed significantly higher (P = 0.05) plant height (45.69 cm), no of leaves plant-1 (17.66), leaf size index (743.99 cm2), plant spread (89.94 cm), curd diameter (14.43 cm) and marketable curd yield (17.82 t ha-1) of broccoli, which was at par with drip at 1.0 ETc. Minimum growth and yield was obtained with drip irrigation at 0.6 ETc in both the years. Similarly, significantly the highest (P = 0.05) plant variables and curd yield was obtained with use of black polythene mulch over paddy straw and no mulch treatments. However, drip irrigation at 0.6 ETc registered maximum water use efficiency of 117.31kg ha-mm-1 and water saving of 38.43%. The interaction effect showed that drip irrigation at 0.8 ETc along with black polythene mulch produced significantly higher marketable curd yield. The experimental findings can be recommended for growing high value crop broccoli with water saving drip irrigation at ETc 0.8 along with plastic mulch technology in the water scarce regions of West Bengal.
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Bryla, David R. "Drip Irrigation Configuration Influences Growth in Young Highbush Blueberries." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1012B—1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1012b.
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A study was done to determine the effects of irrigation with different drip configurations on growth of newly planted highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. `Duke'). Plants were grown on raised beds mulched with sawdust. Different configurations included two laterals of drip tubing placed on the soil surface on each side of the plants, two laterals buried 0.1 m deep on each side of the plants, and one lateral suspended 1.2 m above the plants. Each treatment was irrigated three times per week (when needed) with enough water to replace 100% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration requirements. During the first 2 years after planting, plants irrigated by buried drip were larger and produced significantly more whips than those irrigated by drip placed at the soil surface. The size and whip number of those irrigated by suspended drip were intermediate. Subsurface drip eliminated water runoff and bed erosion observed with both surface drip configurations. It also maintained lower soil water content near the plant crown. Since plants tested positive for phytophthora and pythium root rot, lower soil water content may have reduced problems with the disease. As plants mature, the next objective will be to determine the effects of each drip configuration on fruit production.
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Adin, A. "Problems Associated with Particulate Matter in Water Reuse for Agricultural Irrigation and Their Prevention." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0090.
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Methods of irrigation are reviewed, including surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, and the problems of these systems with regard to the quality of the water used are described. Surface irrigation does not suffer much from water quality problems, but both sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation systems are more affected, the main problem being clogging of pumps, pipes and orifices. Clogging is usually due to a combination of suspended matter, chemical precipitation and biological growth. Current solutions through water treatment, and associated problems with this, are described, with examples given of typical strainers and filters. The key to the solution of clogging problems is a proper match between water quality of the source and within the distribution system, and the type ot treatment to be used, therefore, proper water quality monitoring is recommended. Direct granular filtration is the most preferaDle treatment process for drip irrigation systems.
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F.M., El-Boraie, R. M. M. El Shafay, and M. E. Elhagarey. "MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZES RESPONSES OF MORINGA OLEIFERA YIELD TO LOCALIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, WATER RESTRICTION AND FERTILIZERS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12477.
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This investigation of both of irrigation system, water restriction and soil conditioners on Morengaoleifera, (surface drip irrigation, D, buried drip, BD and mini-sprinkler, MS), as well for irrigating a magic crop like Morenga (Morengaoleifera) plants. Also, this work includes different irrigation water restriction which represent two three treatments (100, 80 and 60% of calculated applied water, W1, W2 and W3 respectivly), more over threes soil conditioners (Compost, C, Farm manure, FM, Mud, M). The experiment was carried out inShalatien where it lies in the east-west of the Red sea in Egypt. Surface evaporation in this area has a paramount importance because of its aridity hot climate under the circumstances of saline irrigation water usage. The objective of the present work is to study the influences of irrigation system, water restrictions and soil conditioners onmorphological and chemical characterizes of Moringa, for that,the following measurements are taken Trunk Diameter, Pods Tree Quantity, Seeds Yields (g) per tree, Weight per 1000 seeds (g), oil yields per tree (g), oil Yields per/ Acer (kg), chlorophyll A- B, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, Total carbohydrates, vitamin C,Nitrogen, Calcium, Fe and zinc content of Moringaoleifera plants in addition to Water use efficiency, cost analysis, energy analysis in two studied seasons, (2017-2018/2018-2019). Results show that the most positive influence of irrigation is buried irrigation, drip irrigation and mini-sprinkler respectively, due to the saved water from losses by evaporation under drought conditions. And the most positive influence of water restrictions treatments is 100, 80 and 60% respectively, but the in many measurements the differences between both of 100 and 80% of applied water is not significant, so its more economical to approve 80% of applied water under buried drip irrigation, which means about 20% of applied water can be save.
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Sutton, Kipp F., W. Thomas Lanini, Jefferey P. Mitchell, Eugene M. Miyao, and Anil Shrestha. "Weed Control, Yield, and Quality of Processing Tomato Production under Different Irrigation, Tillage, and Herbicide Systems." Weed Technology 20, no. 4 (December 2006): 831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-057.1.
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A field experiment was conducted near Davis, CA, during the 2003 and 2004 summer growing seasons to compare weed control, yield, and fruit quality in different irrigation and tillage systems in processing tomato. Trial design was a subplots with the main plots as subsurface drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, subplots were standard tillage or conservation tillage, and sub-subplots were herbicide or no herbicide. The hypothesis was that subsurface drip irrigation could limit surface soil wetting and thus inhibit germination and growth of weeds equal to or better than standard tillage and/or herbicides. In both 2003 and 2004, weed densities in the subsurface drip irrigation treatments were over 98% lower than the levels in furrow irrigation treatments. In addition, weed densities were lower in the subsurface drip–conservation till–no herbicide treatment than in any of the furrow irrigation treatments, including the furrow irrigation–standard tillage–herbicide treatments. The time required for a hand-hoeing crew to remove weeds was 5 to 13 times greater in furrow irrigation treatments compared to subsurface drip irrigation treatments. Weed biomass on beds at tomato harvest was 10 to 14 times greater in the furrow systems as compared to the subsurface drip irrigation systems. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of subsurface drip irrigation in controlling weed germination and growth, compared to tillage or herbicide applications. Tomato yield was higher in the subsurface drip irrigation treatment compared to furrow irrigation in 2004. Herbicide treatment increased yield in 2004, but only in the furrow irrigation treatment in 2003. Fruit brix level was not related to treatment in 2003, but was lower in the subsurface drip irrigation plots in 2004. These results indicate that subsurface drip irrigation can reduce weed competition in conservation tillage systems, without requiring herbicide applications.
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Alam, Mahbub, Todd P. Trooien, Troy J. Dumler, and Danny H. Rogers. "USING SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION FOR ALFALFA." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38, no. 6 (December 2002): 1715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb04376.x.
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Monjezi, Mohammad Sadegh, Hamed Ebrahimian, Abdolmajid Liaghat, and Mohammad Amin Moradi. "Soil-wetting front in surface and subsurface drip irrigation." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 166, no. 5 (May 2013): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wama.12.00065.
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Evett, Steven R., Gary W. Marek, Paul D. Colaizzi, Brice B. Ruthardt, and Karen S. Copeland. "A Subsurface Drip Irrigation System for Weighing Lysimetry." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 1 (2018): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12597.
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Abstract. Large, precision weighing lysimeters can have accuracies as good as 0.04 mm equivalent depth of water, adequate for hourly and even half-hourly determinations of evapotranspiration (ET) rate from crops. Such data are important for testing and improving simulation models of the complex interactions of surface water and energy balances, soil physics, plant growth, and biophysics that determine crop ET in response to rapid microclimate dynamics. When crops are irrigated with sprinkler systems or other rapid additions of water, the irrigation event is typically short enough that not much ET data are compromised by the lysimeter mass change due to irrigation. In contrast, subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems may take many hours to apply an irrigation, during which time the lysimeter mass change is affected by both ET rate and irrigation application rate. Given that irrigation application rate can be affected by pressure dynamics of the irrigation system, emitter clogging and water viscosity changes with temperature over several-hour periods, it can be difficult to impossible to separate the ET signal from the interference of the irrigation application. The inaccuracies in the data can be important, particularly for comparisons of sprinkler and SDI systems, since they are of the order of 8 to 10% of daily ET. We developed an SDI irrigation system to apply irrigations of up to 50 mm to large weighing lysimeters while limiting the period of lysimeter mass change due to irrigation delivery to approximately ten minutes by storing the water needed for irrigation in tanks suspended from the lysimeter weighing system. The system applied water at the same rate as the SDI system in the surrounding field, allowed irrigation over periods of any duration, but often exceeding 12 h, without directly affecting lysimeter mass change and the accuracy of ET rate determinations, and allowed irrigation overnight without compromising lysimeter daily ET measurements. Errors in lysimeter ET measurements using the previous SDI system, which was directly connected to the field irrigation system, were up to 10% of daily ET compared with negligible error using the new system. Errors using the previous, directly connected, SDI system varied over time due to variable system pressure, and possibly due to water temperature (viscosity) changes and emitter clogging. With the new system, all of the water transferred to the lysimeter weighing system was eventually applied by the SDI system regardless of temperature, pressure, or emitter clogging. Differences between planned and applied irrigation depth were less than 2% over the irrigation season. Keywords: Evapotranspiration, ET, Subsurface drip irrigation, SDI, Weighing lysimeter.
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Phene, C. J., R. B. Hutmacher, and K. R. Davis. "Two Hundred Tons Per Hectare of Processing Tomatoes—Can We Reach It?" HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.16.
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Processing tomato is an important crop in California, where ≈ 100,000 ha is grown annually. In the past, processing tomatoes have been irrigated mostly by sprinkler and furrow irrigation, although several tests have been conducted with drip irrigation, and a few growers are using subsurface drip irrigation. Yields of tomato have been shown to be sensitive to water management when the amount of irrigation water closely matches plant water use. Tomatoes have been identified as susceptible to drought stress and waterlogging at both ends of the furrow irrigation cycle. Subsurface drip irrigation is a relatively new method in which drip irrigation laterals are buried permanently 20 to 60 cm below the soil surface. This method has provided the control and uniformity of water and fertilizer distribution necessary to maximize the yield of processing tomatoes. A computerized control system maintains nearly constant soil water and nutrient concentration in the root zone by irrigating and fertilizing frequently, thus avoiding small water and nutrient stresses, especially during the critical period between first and peak bloom. During the maturation and ripening stage, irrigation and nutrient concentrations can be adjusted to increase soluble solids and to adjust the maturation rate to coincide with the harvest schedule. Maximum yield levels can be obtained when nearly all the fertilizers (N, P, and K) are injected precisely in time and space through the drip irrigation system to meet the crop nutrient requirement. Water-use efficiency (WUE), defined as the ratio of yield: unit of water used by the plant, can be maximized by using this precise irrigation and fertilization technique. Yields >200 t·ha-1 of red tomatoes were achieved in large field plot research, and commercial yields of 150 t·ha-1 were achieved in large-scale field applications with a lesser degree of control. Therefore, we predict that with further fine-tuning, commercial yields of 200 tons of processing tomatoes/ha could be achieved using a subsurface drip irrigation system with accurate water and fertility management.
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Evett, Steven R., Gary W. Marek, Paul D. Colaizzi, David Brauer, and Terry A. Howell. "Are Crop Coefficients for SDI Different from Those for Sprinkler Irrigation Application?" Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 5 (2020): 1233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13920.
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HighlightsCrop coefficients for SDI scheduling for grain corn should be reduced by ~10% from those used for sprinkler irrigation.FAO 56 methods to calculate crop coefficients for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch were applicable to SDI.A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to begin rapid leaf area development about 10 days earlier than older hybrids.A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to finish earlier than older hybrids by about 15 days.Abstract. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has become an important irrigation application method in the U.S. Southern High Plains where pan evaporation exceeds 2,400 mm per year. Early research comparing SDI with spray sprinklers showed that SDI was over-applied when scheduling irrigations using crop coefficients developed using sprinkler irrigation. Thus, crop coefficients developed using SDI may be smaller than those developed using sprinkler irrigation. Grain corn was grown for two years on large, precision weighing lysimeters at Bushland, Texas, with two lysimeters irrigated by SDI and two by mid-elevation spray (MESA) irrigation. Data used in this study were for fields irrigated to replenish soil water in the top 1.5 m of the soil to field capacity, as indicated by weekly neutron probe readings (100% replenishment). Crop coefficients developed for SDI (Kc_SDI) were compared with those developed for MESA (Kc_MESA) using ASCE standardized reference ET equations. The value of Kc_SDI ranged from 0.83 to 0.89 of Kc_MESA for the two years. Values of Kc_SDI remained consistently less than Kc_MESA even after maximum leaf area index was reached, indicating that considerable evaporative loss from the soil surface occurred with MESA irrigation even after full canopy cover. When we shortened the initial period after planting from 30 to 20 d and followed FAO 56 recommendations for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch, we calculated basal Kc (Kcb) values (ETo basis) that were reasonably close to our Kc values for SDI for the crop development and early mid-season periods but were greater than our data for the later mid-season and late season periods. Keywords: Crop coefficient, FAO56, MESA, SDI, Sprinkler irrigation, Subsurface drip irrigation.
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Angold, Ye V., and V. A. Zharkov. "Special features of drip-sprinkler irrigation technology." Water Supply 14, no. 5 (May 8, 2014): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.041.
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Irrigation techniques and technology based on principle of regular accumulation of moisture in active layer (surface irrigation, regular sprinkler irrigation) are most common in science and in practice. More progressive is principle of non-stop water supply of plants and soil in conformity to their water consumption. Drip irrigation and impulse sprinkling are based on this principle. The main advantage of drip irrigation is establishment of optimal water and nutritive regime directly in the plant root system. However, such irrigation is not effective enough under conditions of high air temperatures (over 25–35 °С), as growing process of several agricultural plants is known to slow down at 30–35 °С and photosynthesis, consequently, stops, which, in turn, affects plants yielding capacity. Sprinkling irrigation provides improvement of both microclimate in plant's environment and their water regime. Combination of drip and sprinkling irrigation permits the positive characteristics of each individual technology to be united, and to remove a series of disadvantages of their separate use as well as to use drip-sprinkler irrigation technology to create optimal conditions for plant development. Drip-sprinkler irrigation technology facilitates saving of irrigation water through drip irrigation in the main vegetation period and through improvement of microclimate and water regime of agricultural plants with additional sprinkling irrigation within the period of high temperatures and low air humidity that affects the growing process and increases yielding capacity of grown cultures.
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SINGH, S. D., Y. V. SINGH, and R. C. BHANDARI. "TOMATO YIELD AS RELATED TO DRIP LATERAL SPACING AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON TOTAL AND WETTED AREA BASIS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-120.
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With drip irrigation systems, a part of the area is wetted at the soil surface. This raises the question of whether to program fertilizer rates on the total or wetted area of the plot. The objective of this investigation was to study the response of unstaked tomato plants (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L. Karst.) to drip application of fertilizers on the basis of total versus wetted surface area. Apart from the conventional broadcast and drip application of NPK fertilizers in liquid form, four other treatments were applied consisting of two rates of NPK, i.e., 224, 88 and 168 kg ha−1 on total plot area basis, and 56, 22 and 42 kg ha−1 on wetted surface area basis, factorially combined with 1.2- and-2.4-m lateral spacings, with N through drip, P and K banded. The study also included drip irrigation at 1.0 and 0.5 times the daily evapotranspiration (ET) rate factorially combined with drip application of NPK at 1.0, 0.75 and 0.5 times and broadcast application at 1.0 times the NPK rate. The NPK were, respectively, at 224, 88 and 168 kg ha−1. At the full grown stage, available water in the plant root zone was 60–100%. Root growth, soil temperature, and thermal conductivity were positively influenced by canopy cover and soil moisture regime. The development pattern indicated that 74% of the total root weight was confined to the top 15-cm soil layer. At the time of fruiting, the root weight declined in the soil layer with high water content. Drip irrigation equal to 0.5 ET required 25% less fertilizer than irrigation equal to ET, but irrigation at the latter rate and application of fertilizers to supply 224, 88 and 168 kg ha−1 of NPK, respectively, gave the highest yield of 90 t ha−1.Key words: Drip irrigation, root growth, spacing, multiple rows, fertilizer
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del Amor, Miguel A., and Francisco M. del Amor. "Response of tomato plants to deficit irrigation under surface or subsurface drip irrigation." Journal of Applied Horticulture 09, no. 02 (December 15, 2007): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2007.v09i02.21.
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Zhang, Huihui, Dong Wang, James E. Ayars, and Claude J. Phene. "Biophysical response of young pomegranate trees to surface and sub-surface drip irrigation and deficit irrigation." Irrigation Science 35, no. 5 (July 6, 2017): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-017-0551-y.
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Albaji, Mohammad, Mona Golabi, Aslan Egdernejad, and Farzad Nazarizadeh. "Assessment of different irrigation systems in Albaji Plain." Water Supply 14, no. 5 (April 22, 2014): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.034.
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The objective of this research was to compare different irrigation methods based on a parametric evaluation system in an area of 16,350 ha in the Albaji Plain of the Khuzestan Province, in the southwest of Iran. The soil properties of the study area such as texture, depth, electrical conductivity, drainage, calcium carbonate content and slope were derived from a semi-detailed soil study carried out on the Albaji Plain on a scale of 1:20,000. After the soil properties were analyzed and evaluated, suitability maps were generated for surface, sprinkler and drip irrigation methods using a geographic information system (GIS). The results demonstrated that by applying sprinkler irrigation instead of surface and drip irrigation methods, the land suitability of 14,530 ha (88.87%) of the Albaji Plain could be improved substantially. However, the main limiting factors in using surface and sprinkler irrigation methods in this area were heavy soil texture, drainage and salinity, and the main limiting factors in using drip irrigation methods were heavy soil texture, calcium carbonate and salinity.
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Hochmuth, G. J. "Fertilizer Management for Drip-irrigated Vegetables in Florida." HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.27.
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Fertilizer application by drip irrigation is becoming a common practice for many vegetable crops, especially in Florida. Vegetable producers view drip irrigation as a tool to reduce water use, increase fertilizer efficiency, and improve profits, while simultaneously reducing the potential risk to the environment due to nutrient enrichment of surface and groundwater. This paper presents the current Univ. of Florida recommendations for fertilizer management with drip irrigation for vegetables in Florida. These recommendations are based on more than 15 years of research on water and nutrient management with drip irrigation. Although these recommendations were developed for largely sandy soils from mostly Florida research, they should be easily adaptable for other U.S. vegetable regions on sandy soils.
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Abu-Hashim, Mohamed, Ahmed Sayed, Martina Zelenakova, Zuzana Vranayová, and Mohamed Khalil. "Soil Water Erosion Vulnerability and Suitability under Different Irrigation Systems Using Parametric Approach and GIS, Ismailia, Egypt." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031057.
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Preserving the sustainable agriculture concept requires identifying the plant response to the water regime and rationing the water for irrigation. This research compares different irrigation designs coupled with a parametric evaluation system on soil water erosion and soil suitability to assess the sites vulnerable to soil erosion based on a soil water erosion model (ImpelERO) in an area of 150.0 hectares, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Land suitability maps are prepared using the Geographic Information System (GIS), and the soil properties are analyzed and evaluated for the different surface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation methods. The results show that the sprinkler and drip irrigation strategies are more practical irrigation methods and additional environment friendly than surface irrigation for enhancing land productivity. Moreover, the principle acumen for creating use of the surface irrigation on this space is for lowering the soil salinity. Land capability index for surface irrigation ranges from 20.5 to 72.2% (permanently not suitable N2 to moderately suitable S2); and the max capability index (Ci) for drip irrigation was 81.3% (highly suitable-S1), while the mean capability index (Ci) was 42.87% (Currently not suitable-NI). The land suitability of the study area using sprinkler irrigation was ranked as highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and currently not suitable (N1). Thus, the obtained data indicated that applying drip irrigation (trickle irrigation) was the most efficient system compared to the sprinkle and surface irrigation systems. To identify the soil, water erosion vulnerability, and soil optimal management strategies for the agricultural parcel in that region, the ImpelERO model (soil erosion vulnerability/impact/management) was applied. Erosion risk classes ranged from V2 (small) to V3 (moderate), that that region categorized as small-sensitive to water erosion by alfalfa, to moderate-sensitive to water erosion by olive. The results of soil losses varied from 7.1 to 37.9 t ha−1 yr−1 with an average of 17.7 t ha−1 yr−1. Thus, guarantee efficient water use and soil suitability for food production in the future will require the use of an efficient irrigation system.
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Coolong, Timothy. "Evaluation of Shallow Subsurface Drip Irrigation for the Production of Acorn Squash." HortTechnology 26, no. 4 (August 2016): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.26.4.436.
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Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has been increasingly used for the production of numerous agronomic crops and a limited number of vegetable crops. To determine the impact of SDI compared with surface drip irrigation (SUR), a study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 with ‘Table Queen’ acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo var. turbinata) with irrigation initiated at 75% and 50% plant available water (PAW). The study was arranged as a factorial randomized complete block design and plants were grown with two irrigation types (SUR or SDI) and two tensiometer-controlled irrigation regimes. Results from 2011 suggested that SDI used less water compared with SUR at each irrigation set point. However, in 2012, significantly more water was used in all treatments due to warmer temperatures and less rainfall. In 2012, SDI used more water than SUR treatments at the same irrigation set point. In 2012, yield was affected by irrigation treatment. Plants grown using SUR irrigating at 75% PAW had greater numbers of fruit compared with other treatments. Furthermore, the highest yielding treatment had more than twice the number of irrigation events than the other treatments though the average lengths of irrigation events were shorter. Although overall yields were greater in 2012, irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) was lower than in 2011 due to increased water use. These results suggest that while SDI may have some advantages over traditional SUR, environmental factors during growth can significantly impact the efficiency and productivity of each system.
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Prikhodko, Igor, Stanislav Vladimirov, and Daniel Alexandrov. "Application of ecologically balanced technologies of rice cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127301017.
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The domestic and foreign research in the field of rice cultivation carried out over the past 10-15 years has identified four main promising technologies that can reduce the cost of rice produced: 1 - intermittent flooding; 2 - periodic moistening without creating a layer of water; 3 - sprinkling, including surface irrigation; 4 - drip irrigation. Drip irrigation of rice is the most priority area of research, since it can significantly reduce the irrigation rate, labor costs, the cost of rice production and anthropogenic load. The purpose of our research was to develop a new technology of rice cultivation with drip irrigation adapted for the climatic and soil conditions of the Krasnodar Territory. As a result of the research carried out, a drip irrigation technological scheme was developed and implemented for LLC “Chernoerkovskoye” of the Slavyansky District of the Krasnodar Territory. The developed scheme of rice cultivation on drip irrigation has proven its effectiveness, which was expressed in improving the reclamation state of soils, increasing the profitability of production by 22% and increasing the yield by 20%, reducing the irrigation rate by an average of 5.3 times, the cost of rice grain by 15% and labor intensity by 34%.