Relevant bibliographies by topics / Drip Irrigation, low pressure

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Drip Irrigation, low pressure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Drip Irrigation, low pressure"

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Mostafa, H., and H. H. Thörmann. "On-farm evaluation of low-pressure drip irrigation system for smallholders." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 2 (May 15, 2013): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2012-swr.

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The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of a low-pressure drip system (LPS) for three years of service, to calculate the consumptive working time and costs of maintenance and laterals retrieving before harvesting and to determine benefits and problems with drip irrigation. Drip irrigation provides the opportunity to save water and the potential to increase net income by applying water at the right quantity and at the right time. Small to medium fields would benefit from the LPS irrigation system which has the ability to distribute the amount of water applied. LPS is a well-researched system for drip irrigation, typically that available for furrow irrigated crops. There are significant agronomic advantages of using a low-pressure, low-flow drip system. These advantages translate into measured improved distribution uniformity when compared to flood irrigated crops and energy savings compared to flood and sprinkler irrigated crops. The old (reused) drip line leads to a decrease in distribution uniformity and an increase in costs, when the distribution uniformity decreased by 10.5 and 21.6% for reusing the laterals in the second and third year, respectively. Moreover, the cost of repairing laterals was more than 5 and 6.5 times higher for both the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> season. Many disadvantages of drip lines retrieval can be observed, because labour and maintenance are more intensive; there is a risk of mechanical damage to laterals especially if they are reused; increased management skills and experience are needed; and increased retrieval costs arise season after season.
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Domullodzhanov, Daler. "Drip irrigation technology for potatoes through applying low-pressure semistationary small-capacity." Melioration and Water Management, no. 6 (January 22, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32962/0235-2524-2020-6-4-8.

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The article describes the results of field and laboratory experiments on the study of the technology of drip irrigation of potatoes via using the semi-stationary low-pressure small-capacity drip irrigation system (LDIS) developed by us. Reinforced aluminium micro-tubes ensure uniform watering. Depending on the annual precipitation sufficiency, the potatoes irrigation requirements 1700…3400 m3/ha, the number of irrigations varied from 10 to 20 times, and the yield was between 54…58,2 tons per ha.
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Sokol, Julia, Susan Amrose, Vinay Nangia, Samer Talozi, Elizabeth Brownell, Gianni Montanaro, Khaled Abu Naser, et al. "Energy Reduction and Uniformity of Low-Pressure Online Drip Irrigation Emitters in Field Tests." Water 11, no. 6 (June 7, 2019): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061195.

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A promising way of addressing the issue of growing water scarcity is through wider use of drip irrigation, which delivers water and fertilizer to crops in a slow, targeted manner, and has been shown to increase yields and water use efficiency. Yet, drip irrigation system adoption is low, primarily due to the high capital cost of the pressurized piping network and the pump, and operating energy cost. Lowering the water pressure needed for drip emitters to deliver water can reduce both capital and operating costs of drip systems. Here we present the results from field trials of new pressure-compensating online drip emitters that operate with a minimum compensating inlet pressure of 15 kPa (0.15 bar), in comparison to typical commercial emitters with minimum pressures of 50–100 kPa (0.5–1.0 bar). The field trials were carried out on nine farms in Morocco and Jordan over the course of one irrigation season with freshwater and treated wastewater. Low-pressure emitters are shown to reduce hydraulic energy per unit volume of water delivered by 43% on average compared to commercial emitters, without significantly sacrificing water emission uniformity (low-pressure emitters show uniformities of 81–91%, compared to 87–96% for commercial emitters). This energy reduction could lead to savings of 22–31% in the capital cost of a pump and emitters and the energy cost for a typical drip irrigation system. Thus, the low-pressure online emitters can be used as substitutes to commercial emitters that require higher water pressures, leading to reduced environmental impact and lower system costs.
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Rowell, Brent, and Mar Lar Soe. "Design, Introduction, and Extension of Low-Pressure Drip Irrigation in Myanmar." HortTechnology 25, no. 4 (August 2015): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.4.422.

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Drip irrigation is used extensively by both large and small commercial horticultural crop growers in most developed countries where benefits include not only high water use efficiency, but also higher yields, improved product quality, and reduced incidence of foliar disease. Drip systems are still relatively new and expensive in Southeast Asia, and it is primarily wealthier farmers who currently enjoy its benefits. There are also significant perceptual barriers to adoption as many farmers are accustomed to applying copious amounts of water to horticultural crops and are unfamiliar with drip or their crops’ actual water requirements. As a nongovernmental organization whose mission is to help boost small farm incomes, International Development Enterprises (IDE) began experimenting with low-pressure, low-cost gravity-fed drip systems in Myanmar (Burma) in 2006. While the basic design was similar to microtube drip systems of the 1960s, local improvements included filters designed for low pressures, easy-to-use fittings, and inexpensive collapsible header tanks. Our system was optimized for operation on small but commercial-scale plots using pressures as low as 1 psi or only ≈1/10th of that used for conventional drip irrigation. Extension support materials included illustrated installation guides, system design software, videos, testing/filtering of dissolved iron, and easy-to-use water requirement calculators. After hundreds of controlled and farmers’ field tests, our locally manufactured drip sets were offered for sale by private dealers throughout Myanmar in 2009. Incremental system improvements coupled with a strong on-farm demonstration and farmer education program resulted in the successful introduction and widespread adoption of drip irrigation in Myanmar.
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Kalashnikov, Aleksander, Nurlan Abduramanov, Pavel Kalashnikov, Aigul Bayzakova, and Nurzhau Rysmahanov. "Optimization of Low-Pressure Hydrocyclone Sizes for Drip Irrigation System." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no. 05-SPECIAL ISSUE (May 30, 2020): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp5/20201748.

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Wang, Yalin, Xueliang Ju, Shijiang Zhu, and Meng Li. "Simulation of local head loss of drip-irrigation tape with integrated in-line emitters as a function of cross section." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 18, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): e0210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2020184-15767.

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Aim of study: To investigate how the cross section of a drip-irrigation tape affects local head loss.Area of study: The work was carried out in the laboratory of Irrigation hydraulics, College of Water Conservancy and Environment, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei province.Material and methods: Tapes with six different wall thicknesses were studied experimentally to determine the relationship between cross-section deformation, wall thickness, and pressure. Based on the experimental results, we determined the factors that influence local head loss in drip-irrigation tapes by numerical simulation and dimensional analysis.Main results: The cross-sectional shape of the drip-irrigation tape varied with pressure: under low pressure, the cross section was nearly elliptical. The cross-sectional shape of the tape strongly influenced the local head loss, which was inversely proportional to the 0.867th power of the flattening coefficient of the drip irrigation tape. We expressed the local head loss of a drip-irrigation tape equipped with integrated in-line emitters by considering the deformation of the cross section. Under the conditions used in this study, when the cross section is circular, the ratio of local head loss to frictional head loss was about 10% but, when the cross section is elliptical, this ratio increased to 15%.Research highlights: The shape of the cross section of a drip-irrigation tape is nearly elliptical under low pressure. Local head loss is inversely proportional to the 0.867th power of that is the flatting coefficient of the drip-irrigation tape. Local head loss is about 1.5 times for elliptical tape than circular tape.
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Yan, Xin Fang, and Jun Cang Tian. "Study of Application on Reverse Osmosis Concentrated Water Circulation in Desert Greenhouse." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.287.

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Aiming at the problem of concentrated water discharge amount is larger and the recovery rate is low in desert greenhouse for desalination of brackish water,Using reverse osmosis concentrated water circulation system.The results showed: With less dense water emissions, System desalinization rate decreases, system recovery rate increases, water flow in the system decreases, the system water pressure increases. In this test, when dense water emissions is 0.81m3/h, System desalinization rate reaches up to 91%, system recovery rate reached up to 81%, saving water above 20%. Major ion SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ removal rates are 96.2%, 92.7%,100% and 100%. The order of yield and benefit on Planting pepper are: wheel irrigation drip > water drip > mixed irrigation drip > raw water drip irrigation under different irrigation modes.Benefit-cost ratio of wheel irrigation drip ,water drip and mixed irrigation drip are 17.68,13.61 and 4.61.
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Muxammadiyeva, Matluba, and Iftixor Ergashev. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER USE PLAN PROCEDURES, MEASURES AND WATER USE." JOURNAL OF AGRO PROCESSING 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9904-2020-6-9.

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If we look at the existing irrigation methods used today in the country, then they are divided into: ground, rainfall, underground or underground, drip and spray. Basically, they are transferred to the irrigation field in two forms: through gravity and pressure irrigation systems. Naturally, a gravity irrigation system is economically more expensive than a low pressure irrigation system. However, from a performance appraisal stand point, pressure irrigation methods are less efficient and have serious disadvantages
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Chirgwin, Gavin Andrew, and Bruce Sutton. "A low-cost, high-precision drip emitter suitable for low-pressure micro-irrigation systems." Irrigation Science 37, no. 6 (June 18, 2019): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-019-00641-7.

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Al-Mefleh, Naji K., Samer Talozi, and Khaled Abu Naser. "Assessment of Treated Wastewater Reuse in Drip Irrigation under Different Pressure Conditions." Water 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081033.

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This study aims to investigate the influence of treated wastewater (TWW) on the hydraulic performance of drip irrigation emitters. A field experiment was conducted in order to test two types of online emitters, a low pressure (LP) and a standard pressure (SP), at different working pressures (0.25 bar, 0.50 bar, and 1.00 bar) using TWW. The emitters were initially evaluated in the laboratory and the field for the discharge exponent (X), discharge coefficient (Kd), average emitter discharge (Qavg), coefficient of variation (CV), distribution uniformity (DU), the mean discharge ratio (Dra), and the main degree of clogging (DC). The main effect of the emitters on the hydraulic parameters of irrigation performance was not significant, while the operational pressure and operational time of irrigation had a significant effect. For the LP emitter, the average emitter discharge was 7.6, 7.7, and 7.8 Lh−1 at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 bar, respectively. For the SP emitter, the average emitter discharge was 7.6, 7.8, and 7.8 Lh−1 at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 bar, respectively. The EU values for the LP and SP emitters varied from low to moderate at 0.25 bar, as the EU values at 0.50 and 1.00 bar were considered high for both emitter types.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Drip Irrigation, low pressure"

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Thompson, Evan J. "Hydraulics of IDEal Drip Irrigation Systems." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/296.

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The hydraulics of IDEal drip irrigation system components were analyzed under controlled laboratory conditions and the results can be applied to the design of IDEal systems. The hydraulic loss coefficient for the lateral-submain connector valves was determined based on laboratory measurements. It was found that the hydraulic loss due to friction in the lay-flat laterals can be accurately estimated with standard friction loss equations using a smaller effective diameter based on the wall thickness and inlet pressure head. The equivalent length barb loss, expressed as an equivalent length of lateral, was calculated for button emitters, as well as for micro-tubes inserted to lengths of 5 and 10 cm. It was concluded that the barb loss is essentially constant over the micro-tube insertion range of 5-10 cm. The head-discharge relationship and coefficient of manufacturer's variation of pre-punched lateral holes (without emitters), button emitters, and micro-tubes were characterized. Finally, several IDEal drip irrigation systems in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia were evaluated in the field. Recommendations were given for future research and improvements in the manufacturing, installation, operation, and maintenance of IDEal drip irrigation equipment.
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Taylor, Katherine Anne. "Reducing the power required for irrigation : designing low-pressure, pressure-compensating drip irrigation emitters and high efficiency solar-powered pumps for emerging markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100350.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-86).
This thesis presents a mathematical model investigating the physics behind pressure compensating (PC) drip irrigation emitters and a design of a highly efficient solar powered centrifugal pump for small-acreage farmers drawing from shallow groundwater. The global community is facing a worsening crisis with regards to the water-energy agriculture nexus. Irrigation is a proven way to increase the agricultural productivity of a plot of land; however, with a growing population, it will be necessary to invest in methods of irrigation that are both energy- and water-efficient, and intensify the agricultural output per unit of land. Drip irrigation, a method of irrigation where water is delivered directly to the plant roots through a network of tubes and valves, is a highly water-efficient method that gives high yield per unit area. The current challenge to adoption facing drip irrigation is the high capital and operating costs. It is possible to cut these costs by developing a valve, called an emitter, that gives the desired flow rate at a lower pressure. This lower pressure in turn requires less energy from the pump, allowing for a smaller and less expensive pump, and even making a solar-powered system affordable for small-acreage farmers. In coming decades, it will become increasingly necessary to switch from fossil-fuel based energy to renewables, such as solar. For small acreage farmers in the developing world, this switch will not only alleviate the pains of paying the recurring and volatile costs for diesel fuel, it will also help to lighten the load on the electrical grid by those using electric pumps.
by Katherine Anne Taylor.
S.M.
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Shamshery, Pulkit. "Modeling and designing the future of drip irrigation : a validated parametric analysis used to design low power, pressure compensating drip emitters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104278.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-74).
Drip irrigation is a means of distributing the exact amount of water a plant needs by dripping water directly onto the root zone. It can produce up to 90% more crops than rain-fed irrigation, and reduce water consumption by 70% compared to conventional flood irrigation. In the coming years, the demand for new, low-cost, low-power drip irrigation technology will continue to grow, particularly in developing countries. It will enable millions of poor farmers to rise out of poverty by growing more and higher value crops, while not contributing to overconsumption of water. The key inhibitor to drip adoption has been the high initial investment cost. A cost and pressure analysis revealed that a reduction in activation pressure of pressure compensating (PC) drip emitters - which can maintain a constant flow rate under variations in pressure, to ensure uniform water distribution on a field - can reduce the cost of off-grid drip systems by up to 50%. These emitter have been designed and optimized empirically in the past. In this thesis, I present a parametric model that describes the fluid and solid mechanics that govern the behavior of a common PC emitter architecture, which uses a flexible diaphragm to limit flow. The model was validated by testing nine prototypes with geometric variations, all of which matched predicted performance to within R2 = 0.85. This parametric model was then coupled with a genetic algorithm to achieve a lower activation pressure of 0.15 bar for not only the 8.2 lph emitter, but also the 4, 6, 7 lph emitters. These new drip emitters, with attributes that improve performance and lower cost, are a step closer to making drip irrigation economically accessible to all throughout the world.
by Pulkit Shamshery.
S.M.
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Call, Robert, and Cado Daily. "Drip Irrigation: The Basics." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144820.

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Drip irrigation is the slow, measured application of waer through devices called emitters. Now a wide variety of quality products has been developed to make drip irrigation reliable and easy.
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Lin, Teresa (Teresa Ye). "Design and experimental study on pressure compensating emitters in drip irrigation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98780.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 118).
This thesis aims to solve the basic physics behind the collapsible tube dripper design used in drip irrigation. A study was performed on the dynamics of the flow limitation of collapsible tubes. Two parameters were studied: outlet hole diameter and effective length. Prototypes were made varying these parameters, and flow tests were conducted to collect data on pressure and flow rate. Introducing a valve to control the flow significantly improved the control of experiments and the ability to test for pressure compensation. It was found that the outlet hole diameter is directly correlated with outlet flow rate and activation pressure, but indirectly correlated with constancy of flow rate. The impact of effective length on flow rate is still unclear but the results show that there is a possible correlation that may depend on other factors and characteristics of the flow.
by Teresa Lin.
S.B.
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Karlberg, Louise. "Irrigation with saline water using low-cost drip-irrigation systems in sub-Saharan Africa." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209.

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Kalamwa, Kulecho I. "The adoption of low-cost low head drip irrigation in small-scale farms in Kenya." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8297.

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Population growth and development will increase the demands on water resources in Africa, and hence there is a need for agriculture to use water efficiently. Drip irrigation is widely promoted for water saving at the farm level. Moreover, it is easily adaptable to small-scale farming common in Africa. The use of low-cost drip irrigation, especially the low-cost medium head (LCMH) drip system, is growing rapidly in some Asian countries. However, the uptake of low-cost drip irrigation in general has been slow in Kenya, which has scarce water for irrigation. Using the theory of the adoption and diffusion of innovation, this research aimed to identify the factors affecting the rate of adoption and continued use of low-cost low head (LCLH) drip irrigation in Kenya. Following a review of experiences of low-cost drip irrigation from India and sub-Saharan Africa, primary information was obtained using informal interviews in a two-phase survey. A total of eighty-six respondents were interviewed in the two phases. Phase 1 examined the factors influencing the adoption of LCLH drip irrigation. The key respondents in phase 1 were irrigation farmers (drip and non-drip), government officials, irrigation industry representatives, and staff of non¬governmental organisations (NGOs). Phase 2 examined the factors affecting discontinuation of LCLH drip irrigation. In phase 2 only LCLH drip irrigation farmers and those who had discontinued using it were interviewed While the low-cost medium head drip irrigation was the dominant irrigation in India, the low-cost low head drip irrigation, gravity fed and in a kit form, was found to be the most common system on smallholder farms in Kenya. The results showed that for the rate of appropriate low-cost drip irrigation uptake to increase in Kenya, it was important to remove political and institutional inhibiting factors dominant during the implementation stages of the innovation-decision process. It was necessary for farmers to have a need to save irrigation water, reliable irrigation water resources, effective water user organisations, efficient marketing facilities, efficient technical support services, relevant cultural background, and good security for the kit. The LCLH drip irrigation kit appeared to have more maintenance problems than the alternative irrigation methods. Furthermore, government policies and extension services as well as irrigation industry efforts appeared limited. It appeared that the technology would most likely be adopted where farmers have a reliable but limited (in volume) water supply. In some situations, the LCLH drip technology, and particularly the smaller (bucket) kits, did not appear to be appropriate and should not be promoted. For other conditions, recommendations were made for helping to overcome the problems identified in the study. The Rogers innovation-decision model was shown to lack sufficient consideration of external factors. A revised model was proposed to suit the conditions of small-scale irrigation technology adoption in less developed countries.
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Fangmeier, D. D., and S. H. Husman. "Evaluation of a Low Pressure, Linear Move Irrigation System for Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204072.

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Omara, Abdelaziz Ibrahim Abdelaziz Aly [Mitwirkender]. "Further development of a mobile wind energy plant for a low pressure irrigation system / FAL, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft. Abdelaziz Ibrahim Abdelaziz Aly Omara." Braunschweig : FAL, 2004. http://d-nb.info/98179582X/34.

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Dutta, Deba P. "Characterization of Drip Emitters and Computing Distribution Uniformity in a Drip Irrigation System at Low Pressure Under Uniform Land Slopes." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2008-12-152.

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Characteristics of emitters under low pressure are essential for designing drip irrigation systems. Low pressure data for drip emitters are not available from manufacturers. A laboratory test was conducted to evaluate the performance of five types of newly manufactured drip tapes, especially under a low pressure distribution system. The five drip products that were tested were (i) Toro Drip in PC (PCS 1810-18- 100), (ii) T-Tape (TT15-1245-0100), (iii) Mister_LS (MLD-HDT100), (iv) Mister_PS (MLD-1PC 25), and (v) Netafim (Techline CV 560 050). Drip tapes tested in this study have design discharge rates of 4.00 L/hr @ 206.84 Kpa (1.06 gph @ 30 psi), 1.02 L/hr @ 55.16 Kpa (0.27 gph @ 8 psi), 3.785 L/hr @ 172.37 Kpa (1.00 gph @ 25 psi), 3.785 L/hr @172.37 Kpa (1.00 gph @ 25 psi), and 0.984 L/hr @ 206.84 Kpa (0.26 gph @ 20psi), respectively. All of them, except T-Tape, were pressure compensating (PC) emitters; the T-Tape was non-pressure compensating (NPC). For all products, except Toro, the emitter spacing was 0.305 m (12 inches) and for Toro, it was 0.46 m (18 inches). Mister_PS (MLD-1PC 25) was the point source (PS) emitter and all others were line source emitters. Drip products were tested with 15 different operating pressures ranging from 5.97 KPa (0.87 psi) to 344.74 KPa (50.00 psi). From an evaluation of 60 emitters from each product, the Toro brand showed an average uniformity coefficient (UC) of 91.24 %, with a coefficient of variation (Cv) of 0.06, T-Tape drip products showed an average UC of 96.63 % with a Cv of 0.04, Mister_ LS showed an average UC of 93.12 % with a Cv of 0.08, Mister_PS showed an average UC of 96.33 % with a Cv of 0.04, and Netafim showed an average UC of 97.92 % with a Cv of 0.02. Flow rate vs. pressure head (Q-H) curves were also developed for each drip emitter tested. From emitter exponent values it was observed that all of the pressure compensating (PC) products behaved like NPC emitters at low pressures, although they behaved like PC emitters under normal operating pressures. From statistical analysis, it was determined that except for Netafim product, all other tested products were effective under low operating pressures as were under high operating or recommended pressures. Netafim product had no emission under low pressures. Using the measured average emission rate and developed Q-H curves, the distribution uniformities of all products except Netafim were calculated under low pressure ranges of 5.97 KPa (0.87 psi) to 23.88 KPa (3.50 psi ) for different lengths of laterals and under 0%, 1%, 2%
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Books on the topic "Drip Irrigation, low pressure"

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Hodges, Kenneth J. Performance of low pressure set-move irrigation sprinklers. 1988.

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Bentum, Robert Van. Low pressure pipe distribution systems for surface irrigation. 1992.

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3

Tushaar, Shah, and International Development Enterprises (India), eds. Social impact of technical innovations: Study of organic cotton and low cost drip irrigation in the agrarian economy of West Nimar Region. New Delhi: International Development Enterprises (India), 2005.

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Kincaid, Dennis C. Evaluation of very low pressure sprinkler irrigation and reservoir tillage for efficient use of water and energy: Final. Bonneville Power Administration, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Drip Irrigation, low pressure"

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Debnath, M., a. K. Mishra, and n. Patel. "Drip Irrigation Scheduling Of Citrus Reticulata Blanco (Kinnow): Using Low Cost Plant Leaf Temperature Sensor." In Micro Irrigation Scheduling and Practices, 73–84. Other titles: Innovations and challenges in micro irrigation ; [v. 7] Description: Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017. | Series: Innovations and challenges in micro irrigation ; [volume 7]: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207384-5.

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Babu, G. Ravi, and N. V. Gowtham Deekshithulu. "Automated Drip Irrigation System for Sweet Corn and Cluster Bean: Field Evaluation of a Low-Cost Soil Moisture Sensor." In Fertigation Technologies for Micro Irrigated Crops, 181–211. First edition. | Series statement: Innovations and challenges in micro irrigation.: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003084136-14.

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Veldwisch, Gert Jan, Vera Borsboom, Famke Ingen-Housz, Margreet Zwarteveen, Nynke Post Uiterweer, and Paul Hebinck. "Low-cost drip irrigation in Zambia." In Drip Irrigation for Agriculture, 204–17. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315537146-13.

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Yoder, Robert, and Brent Rowell. "Historical perspective on low-cost drip irrigation design and promotion." In Drip Irrigation for Agriculture, 187–203. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315537146-12.

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Wanvoeke, Jonas, Jean-Philippe Venot, Margreet Zwarteveen, and Charlotte de Fraiture. "The conundrum of low-cost drip irrigation in Burkina Faso." In Drip Irrigation for Agriculture, 218–36. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315537146-14.

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Kuper, Marcel, Fatah Ameur, and Ali Hammani. "Unraveling the enduring paradox of increased pressure on groundwater through efficient drip irrigation." In Drip Irrigation for Agriculture, 85–104. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315537146-6.

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"Development of Low Pressure Fertigation Injector." In Best Management Practices for Drip Irrigated Crops, 179–86. Apple Academic Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18709-25.

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"- PERFORMANCE OF PEACH TREES UNDER ULTRA LOW DRIP IRRIGATION." In Water and Fertigation Management in Micro Irrigation, 252–77. Apple Academic Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18800-22.

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Kumari, Sneha, and Yogesh Patil. "Achieving Climate Smart Agriculture with a Sustainable Use of Water." In Reconsidering the Impact of Climate Change on Global Water Supply, Use, and Management, 122–43. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1046-8.ch008.

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With time there has been an unpredictable climate change affecting the requirement of water for agriculture. Survival of agriculture has become a matter of concern with an efficient management of water. The aim of the chapter is to design a conceptual framework in sustaining water for agriculture in the era of climate change. The authors in the present chapter have used secondary data from previous research work and critically analysed the cases on water management for agriculture. The chapter discusses on practices like drip irrigation, new adaptations, mitigation technologies, vapour pressure, agro-ecological zone model and other water management strategies and the agricultural practices which though increases the yield but is leaving an adverse impact on climate. The chapter designs a conceptual framework to sustain water for agricultural use in the era of climate change and discusses it. This must be dealt through in order to attain sustainability.
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Warrick, Arthur W. "Multidimensional Water Flow in Variably Saturated Soils." In Soil Water Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195126051.003.0011.

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Chapters 4 and 5 dealt with one-dimensional rectilinear flow, with and without the effect of gravity. Now the focus is on multidimensional flow. We will refer to two- and three-dimensional flow based on the number of Cartesian coordinates necessary to describe the problem. For this convention, a point source emitting a volume of water per unit time results in a three-dimensional problem even if it can be described with a single spherical coordinate. Similarly, a line source would be two-dimensional even if it could be described with a single radial coordinate. A problem with axial symmetry will be termed a three-dimensional problem even when only a depth and radius are needed to describe the geometry. The pressure at a point source is undefined. But more generally, three-dimensional point sources refer to flow from finite-sized sources into a larger soil domain, such as infiltration from a small surface pond into the soil. Often, the soil domain can be taken as infinite in one or more directions. Also, a point sink can occur with flow to a sump or to a suction sampler. In two dimensions, the same types of example can be given, but we will refer to them as line sources or sinks. Practical interest in point sources includes analyses of surface or subsurface leaks and of trickle (drip) irrigation. The desirability of determining soil properties in situ has provided the impetus for a rigorous analysis of disctension and borehole infiltrometers. Also, environmental monitoring with suction cups or candles, pan lysimeters, and wicking devices all include convergent or divergent flow in multidimensions. There are some conceptual differences between line and point sources and one-dimensional sources. For discussion, consider water supplied at a constant matric potential into drier surroundings. For a one-dimensional source, the corresponding physical problem includes a planar source over an area large enough for “edge” effects to be negligible. For two dimensions, the source might be a long horizontal cylinder or a furrow of finite depth from which water flows. For three dimensions, the source could be a small orifice providing water at a finite rate or a small, shallow pond on the soil surface.
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Conference papers on the topic "Drip Irrigation, low pressure"

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Wiens, A. Josh, and Amos G. Winter. "A Novel Pressure Compensating Valve for Low-Cost Drip Irrigation." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35131.

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This paper presents a novel pressure-compensating flow restrictor for low-cost/low-pressure drip irrigation systems. There are nearly one billion subsistence farmers in the developing world who lack the resources and opportunities to rise out of poverty. Irrigation is an effective development strategy for this population, enabling farmers to increase crop yields and grow more lucrative plant varieties. Unfortunately, as a large fraction of subsistence farmers live off the electrical grid, the capital cost of solar or diesel powered irrigation systems makes them unobtainable. This cost could be drastically reduced by altering drip irrigation systems to operate at a decreased pressure such that lower pumping power is required. The work presented here aims to accomplish this by designing a drip emitter that operates at 0.1 bar, 1/10 the pressure of current products, while also providing pressure-compensation to uniformly distribute flow over a field. Our proposed pressure compensating solution is inspired by the resonating nozzle of a deflating balloon. First, a reduced order model is developed to understand the physical principles which drive the cyclic collapse of the balloon nozzle. We then apply this understanding to propose a pressure compensating emitter consisting of compliant tube in series with a rigid diffuser. A scaling analysis is performed to determine the ideal geometry of the system and the reduced order model is applied to demonstrate that the proposed design is capable of pressure compensation in the required operation range. Preliminary experiments demonstrating the collapse effect are presented, along with initial work to translate the concept to a robust physical device.
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Greenlee, Alison, Timothy Murray, Victor Lesniewski, Mark Jeunnette, and Amos G. Winter. "Design and Testing of a Low-Cost and Low-Maintenance Drip Irrigation Filtration System for Micro-Irrigation in Developing Countries." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35351.

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The cylindrical filters presently used in <1000 m2 drip irrigation systems are frequently clogged, increasing pressure loss and lowering the flow rate through the filters. This work investigates the mechanisms for this clogging and proposes an alternative filtration design that would enable both more reliable and lower maintenance filtering. This proposed system is compatible with existing drip irrigation systems and could be made inexpensively with plastic bottle manufacturing equipment. To compare the proposed design to off-the-shelf options, a drip irrigation test setup was built to measure the pressure loss across different filters as particles accumulated. These experiments confirmed that pleated cartridge filters, with high effective surface area, incurred lower pressure losses than cylindrical filters. These tests revealed that the greatest reason for clogged performance was that filtered particles (not the cartridge filter itself) eventually restricted the flow of water through the system. This inspired the redesign of the filter housing such that the housing extended far below the filter, providing a catch basin away from the filter for the particles to settle. Fixing the filter independently of the bottom casing significantly improved the overall performance of the filtration system, reduced the maintenance requirement necessary from the user, and would enable inexpensive manufacturing via blow molding. This paper experimentally demonstrates that the cartridge filter inside the redesigned housing can filter out over 2 kg of sand while maintaining less than a .03 bar pressure drop across the filter at a flow rate of 25 l/s.
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Zimoch, Pawel J., Eliott Tixier, Abhijit Joshi, A. E. Hosoi, and Amos G. Winter. "Bio-Inspired, Low-Cost, Self-Regulating Valves for Drip Irrigation in Developing Countries." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12495.

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We use nonlinear behavior of thin-walled structures — an approach inspired by biological systems (the human airway, for example) — to address one of the most important problems facing subsistence farmers in developing countries: lack of access to inexpensive, water-efficient irrigation systems. An effective way of delivering water to crops is through a network of emitters, with up to 85% of the water delivered being absorbed by plants. However, of the 140 million hectares of cropped land in India alone, only 61 million are irrigated and just 5 million through drip irrigation. This is, in part, due to the relatively high cost of drip irrigation. The main cost comes from the requirement to pump the water at relatively high pressure (>1bar), to minimize the effect of uneven terrain and viscous losses in the network, and to ensure that each plant receives the same amount of water. Using a prototype, we demonstrate that the pressure required to drive the system can be reduced significantly by using thin-walled structures to design emitters with completely passive self-regulation that activates at approximately 0.1bar. This reduction in driving pressure could help bring the price of drip irrigation systems from several thousand dollars to approximately $300, which is within reach of small-scale farmers. Using order-of-magnitude calculations, we show that due to increased sensitivity of the proposed design to the applied pressure differential, a pressure compensating valve for drip irrigation could be built without using costly silicone membranes.
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Shamshery, Pulkit, and Amos G. Winter. "Designing a Low Activation Pressure Drip Irrigation Emitter With Constraints for Mass Manufacturing." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60078.

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This work discusses the modeling and optimization of a drip irrigation emitter for reducing activation pressure. Our model formulation focuses on analytically characterizing fluid-structure interactions in an existing 8 liters per hour (lph) pressure-compensating online emitter. A preliminary experimental validation of the resulting model was performed for three different emitter architectures. This model was used as a basis for a genetic algorithm-based optimization algorithm that focused on minimizing activation pressure. The design variables considered in our formulation include, geometric features of the emitter architecture, and practical constraints from manufacturing. We applied our optimization approach to four emitters (with flow rates of 4, 6, 7 and 8.2 lph) and were able to lower activation pressure by more than half in each case. The optimization results for all four emitters were experimentally validated in lab-studies. We performed a more exhaustive validation study for the 8.2 lph emitter with an emitter manufacturer. Results from these experiments (which followed ISO standards) showed that the optimized 8.2 lph emitter had a 75% lower activation pressure when compared to the original emitter design.
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Wang, Ruo-Qian, Pulkit Shamshery, and Amos G. Winter. "A Novel Bio-Inspired Pressure Compensating Emitter for Low-Cost Drip Irrigation Systems." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479858.004.

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Engelkemier, Seiji, Fiona Grant, Jordan Landis, Carolyn Sheline, Hannah Varner, Rebecca E. Zubajlo, Julia Sokol, and Amos Winter. "Feasibility of Pairing a Low-Cost Positive Displacement Pump With Low-Energy Pressure Compensating Drip Irrigation Emitters for Smallholder Farms in Africa." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98128.

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Abstract In low income countries, existing drip irrigation systems are cost prohibitive to many smallholder farmers. Companies are working to develop efficient, low-cost irrigation systems by using technologies such as positive displacement (PD) pumps and pressure compensating (PC) emitters. However, these two technologies have not been paired in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Here we describe a proof-of-concept pump control algorithm that demonstrates the feasibility of exploiting the physical relationship between the input electrical power to a PD pump and the hydraulic behavior of a system of PC emitters in order to determine the optimal pump operating point. The development and validation of this control algorithm was conducted in partnership with the Kenya-based irrigation company SunCulture. This control method is expected to reduce cost, improve system efficiency, and increase accessibility of irrigation systems to smallholder farmers.
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7

Taylor, Katherine A., Pulkit Shamshery, Ruo-Qian Wang, and Amos G. Winter. "A Mathematical Model for Pressure Compensating Emitters." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47519.

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This paper presents a mathematical model investigating the physics behind pressure-compensating (PC) drip irrigation emitters. A network of PC emitters, commonly known as drip irrigation, is an efficient way to deliver water to crops while increasing yield. Irrigation can provide a means for farmer to grow more sensitive, and profitable crops and help billions of small-holder farmers lift themselves out of poverty. Making drip irrigation accessible and economically viable is important for developing farmers as most face the challenges of water scarcity, declining water tables and lack of access to an electrical grid. One of the main reasons for the low adoption rate of drip irrigation in the developing world is the relatively high cost of the pumping power. It is possible to reduce this cost by reducing the required activation pressure of the emitters, while maintaining the PC behavior. The work presented here provides a guide of how design changes in the emitter could allow for a reduction in the activation pressure from 1 bar to approximately 0.1 bar. This decrease in the activation pressure of each emitter in turn decreases the system driving pressure. This reduction of driving pressure will decrease the energy need of pumping, making a solar-powered system affordable for small-acreage farmers. This paper develops a mathematical model to describe the PC behavior in a commercially available emitter. It is a 2D model that explains the relationship between the pressure, structural deformation and fluid flow within a PC emitter. A parametric study has been performed to understand the effects of geometric and material parameters with regards to the activation pressure and PC behavior. This knowledge will help guide the designs and prototypes of optimized emitters with a lower activation pressure, while also providing the PC behavior.
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Irmak, Suat, and Derrel L. Martin. "A New Low-Pressure Subsurface Drip Irrigation (LPSDI) System: Measurement of Irrigation, Yield, Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients for Soybean." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)546.

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9

Narain, Jaya, and Amos Winter. "Determination of Resistance Factor for Tortuous Paths in Drip Emitters." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67895.

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Drip irrigation has the potential to decrease water consumption and increase crop yields and profit. Globally, drip irrigation has had low adoption rates. There are several major barriers to adoption, including the cost of the system and its energy consumption. Mathematical models describing the behavior of drip emitters can provide insights on the performance of drip systems. The models and procedures developed in this paper can be used as a tool for the design of improved drip irrigation systems. This paper presents a method of combining a CFD model that characterizes flow through the tortuous paths of emitters with an analytical model describing pressure-compensating behavior. The CFD model detailed in this paper was verified for three commercially available emitter designs. The model fell within acceptable variation bounds when compared to experimental data. The results of CFD analysis are represented in a resistance factor that can be used in a hybrid analytical-computational model. This method requires significantly less processing than using computational models alone. Future work on this topic will detail an analytical model that accurately predicts the behavior of inline PC drip emitters of varying geometries and an optimization of the geometry to lower activation pressure and material costs. Analytical models to predict the flow behavior of a range of tortuous path designs given a prescribed geometry will also be developed.
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Tyrel L Harbuck, John P Fulton, Mark P Dougherty, Steve T Taylor, Larry P Curtis, Donald J Eakes, and Jeff L Sibley. "In-Field Evaluation of Pressure-Compensated Subsurface Drip Irrigation." In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29164.

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