Journal articles: 'Drip irrigation system'

1

A, Shilpa. "Smart Drip Irrigation System." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (June 30, 2018): 1560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12888.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Choi, C., I. Song, S. Stine, J. Pimentel, and C. Gerba. "Role of irrigation and wastewater reuse: comparison of subsurface irrigation and furrow irrigation." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0089.

Full text

Abstract:

Two different irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation, are tested to investigate the level of viral contamination and survival when tertiary effluent is used in arid and semi-arid regions. The effluent was injected with bacteriophages of PRD1 and MS2. A greater number of PRD1 and MS2 were recovered from the lettuce in the subsurface drip-irrigated plots as compared to those in the furrow-irrigated plots. Shallow drip tape installation and preferential water paths through cracks on the soil surface appeared to be the main causes of high viral contamination in subsurface drip irrigation plots, which led to the direct contact of the lettuce stems with the irrigation water which penetrated the soil surface. The water use efficiency of the subsurface drip irrigation system was higher than that of the furrow irrigation system. Thus, subsurface drip irrigation is an efficient irrigation method for vegetable crops in arid and semi-arid regions if viral contamination can be reduced. Deeper installation of drip tapes, frequent irrigations, and timely harvests based on cumulative heat units may further reduce health risks by ensuring viral die-off under various field conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Evett, Steven R., Gary W. Marek, Paul D. Colaizzi, Brice B. Ruthardt, and Karen S. Copeland. "A Subsurface Drip Irrigation System for Weighing Lysimetry." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 1 (2018): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12597.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Large, precision weighing lysimeters can have accuracies as good as 0.04 mm equivalent depth of water, adequate for hourly and even half-hourly determinations of evapotranspiration (ET) rate from crops. Such data are important for testing and improving simulation models of the complex interactions of surface water and energy balances, soil physics, plant growth, and biophysics that determine crop ET in response to rapid microclimate dynamics. When crops are irrigated with sprinkler systems or other rapid additions of water, the irrigation event is typically short enough that not much ET data are compromised by the lysimeter mass change due to irrigation. In contrast, subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems may take many hours to apply an irrigation, during which time the lysimeter mass change is affected by both ET rate and irrigation application rate. Given that irrigation application rate can be affected by pressure dynamics of the irrigation system, emitter clogging and water viscosity changes with temperature over several-hour periods, it can be difficult to impossible to separate the ET signal from the interference of the irrigation application. The inaccuracies in the data can be important, particularly for comparisons of sprinkler and SDI systems, since they are of the order of 8 to 10% of daily ET. We developed an SDI irrigation system to apply irrigations of up to 50 mm to large weighing lysimeters while limiting the period of lysimeter mass change due to irrigation delivery to approximately ten minutes by storing the water needed for irrigation in tanks suspended from the lysimeter weighing system. The system applied water at the same rate as the SDI system in the surrounding field, allowed irrigation over periods of any duration, but often exceeding 12 h, without directly affecting lysimeter mass change and the accuracy of ET rate determinations, and allowed irrigation overnight without compromising lysimeter daily ET measurements. Errors in lysimeter ET measurements using the previous SDI system, which was directly connected to the field irrigation system, were up to 10% of daily ET compared with negligible error using the new system. Errors using the previous, directly connected, SDI system varied over time due to variable system pressure, and possibly due to water temperature (viscosity) changes and emitter clogging. With the new system, all of the water transferred to the lysimeter weighing system was eventually applied by the SDI system regardless of temperature, pressure, or emitter clogging. Differences between planned and applied irrigation depth were less than 2% over the irrigation season. Keywords: Evapotranspiration, ET, Subsurface drip irrigation, SDI, Weighing lysimeter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Archana, HA, N. Asoka Raja, R. Mahesh, and R. Kalpana. "Effect of Low Cost Drip Tape Irrigation System on Yield and Economics of Sweet Corn." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 19, no. 2 (March 10, 2017): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v19i2.31855.

Full text

Abstract:

A study was conducted to determine the effect of low cost drip tape irrigation system on yield and economics of sweet corn in comparison to conventional inline drip irrigation and surface irrigation systems during 2013-14 at Coimbatore, India. The treatment comprises of two drip irrigation systems with three irrigation levels viz., 75, 100 and 125% of pan evaporation (PE) from Class A Pan evaporimeter. Plant height, fresh cob length, girth, number of kernels per cob and single fresh cob weight and yield were higher at 125% PE in conventional in line drip irrigation system and it was statistically at par with drip irrigation at 125% PE in low cost drip tape irrigation system. Water saving was 36, 49 and 62% at 125, 100 and 75% PE, respectively under conventional in line drip irrigation system and drip tape irrigation system as against the surface irrigation. The cost of low cost drip tape system was 68% lower than the conventional inline drip system. The results of the research indicated that based on net income, B:C ratio and GM/TMV ratio, adoption of low cost drip tape irrigation system at 125% PE was found to be best for small and marginal farmers with substantial yield and income compared to conventional inline drip system.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 71-77

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Galande, Mr S. G. "Agricultured Automatic Drip Irrigation System." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 1, no. 2 (2012): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-0122427.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Mostafa, H., and H. H. Thörmann. "On-farm evaluation of low-pressure drip irrigation system for smallholders." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 2 (May 15, 2013): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2012-swr.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of a low-pressure drip system (LPS) for three years of service, to calculate the consumptive working time and costs of maintenance and laterals retrieving before harvesting and to determine benefits and problems with drip irrigation. Drip irrigation provides the opportunity to save water and the potential to increase net income by applying water at the right quantity and at the right time. Small to medium fields would benefit from the LPS irrigation system which has the ability to distribute the amount of water applied. LPS is a well-researched system for drip irrigation, typically that available for furrow irrigated crops. There are significant agronomic advantages of using a low-pressure, low-flow drip system. These advantages translate into measured improved distribution uniformity when compared to flood irrigated crops and energy savings compared to flood and sprinkler irrigated crops. The old (reused) drip line leads to a decrease in distribution uniformity and an increase in costs, when the distribution uniformity decreased by 10.5 and 21.6% for reusing the laterals in the second and third year, respectively. Moreover, the cost of repairing laterals was more than 5 and 6.5 times higher for both the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> season. Many disadvantages of drip lines retrieval can be observed, because labour and maintenance are more intensive; there is a risk of mechanical damage to laterals especially if they are reused; increased management skills and experience are needed; and increased retrieval costs arise season after season.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Shaglouf, Mohamed M., Mostafa A. Benzaghta, Hassin AL. Makhlof, and Moftah A. Abusta. "Scheduling Drip Irrigation for Agricultural Crops using Intelligent Irrigation System." Journal of Misurata University for Agricultural Sciences, no. 01 (October 6, 2019): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.19.

Full text

Abstract:

The expansion of agriculture to provide the necessary food is related to the availability of water, but the limited availability of irrigation requires research on techniques to reduce water losses. This paper presents an application of a prototype design of microcontroller based on an intelligent irrigation system which will allow irrigation to take place in the areas. This method can be applied to the system of drip irrigation and its impact on the quantities of water used in irrigation as its application is part of the solution to the problem of water shortage suffered by Libya in addition to reducing the amount of water wasted while irrigating crops. In this study, a network of smart irrigation system was designed for a 5-hectare farm in AL-Sawawa area, located to the east, at about 20 km from Sirte city. The farm was divided into two parts, a vegetable crops section with an area of 3ha and the other section of 2 ha for olive trees. The intelligent irrigation system senses the moisture content of the soil and the temperature of the air through the sensors and turns on or off the water pumps using the relays to carry out this procedure. The main advantage of using this irrigation system is to minimize human intervention and ensure proper irrigation. The microcontroller serves as the main unit of the entire irrigation system, Photovoltaic cells are used to provide solar energy as an energy supply for the whole system. The system is controlled by the microcontroller; it obtains data from the sensors, it compares the data as pre-programmed, and the output signals activate the relays to operate the pumps to start the irrigation process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Yin, Xinhua, Clark Seavert, and Jinhe Bai. "(214) Adult Pear Response to Integrated Nitrogen Fertigation and Drip Irrigation System." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1084B—1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1084b.

Full text

Abstract:

Responses of adult pear to the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system have not been documented in Oregon. A field trial was conducted on adult pear at the Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Hood River, Ore., in 2005. Two N and water management systems (integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system; and broadcast application of dry N fertilizer to the soil surface and microsprinkler irrigation system) were compared on pear cultivars of Bartlett and Golden Russet Bosc, and rootstocks of OH×F97 and OH×F87. The responses of these cultivars and rootstocks to the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system were similar. The integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system consumed 1450 m3·ha-1 of irrigation water during the entire season from May to September, reducing irrigation water use by 73% compared with 5297 m3·ha-1 under the current system—broadcast application of dry N fertilizer to the soil surface and microsprinkler irrigation system averaged over the four cultivar and rootstock combinations. The fruit yield was statistically similar for the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system and the broadcast application of dry N fertilizer and microsprinkler irrigation system on the average of the four cultivars and rootstocks. Differences in fruit size and color were negligible between the two N and irrigation management systems. Overall, our results suggest that adopting the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system does not cause significant reduction in yield or quality of adult pear; the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system could be a profitable and environmentally sound management alternative for pear production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Clark, Gary A., and Allen G. Smajstrla. "Injecting Chemicals into Drip Irrigation Systems." HortTechnology 6, no. 3 (July 1996): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.3.160.

Full text

Abstract:

The injection of chemicals into irrigation systems is discussed in terms of injection systems, concentration injections, bulk injections, quantity of chemicals to be injected, injection system calibration, and injection periods. Sufficient clean-water flush time should be scheduled to purge irrigation lines of injected chemicals unless it is desired to leave that particular chemical in the irrigation system for maintenance purposes. Chemical injection rates vary with desired chemical concentration in the irrigation water, concentration of the stock solution, volume of chemical to be injected, and duration of each injection. All injection systems should be calibrated and maintained in proper working order. This information is presented to assist irrigation system designers and operators with chemigation system design, scheduling, and management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Prevatt, J. W., G. A. Clark, and C. D. Stanley. "A Comparative cost Analysis of Vegetable Irrigation Systems." HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.91.

Full text

Abstract:

Three vegetable irrigation systems, semi-closed subirrigation (seepage), fully enclosed subirrigation (seepage), and drip irrigation, were evaluated for use on sandy soils with naturally high water tables to determine comparative irrigation costs for tomato production. Investment, fixed (ownership), and variable (operating) costs were estimated for each irrigation system. The investment costs of the drip irrigation system were significantly greater than those for the semi-closed and fully enclosed irrigation systems. The variable costs, however, for the semi-closed system were considerably less than those for the fully enclosed and drip irrigation systems. The semi-closed irrigation system, therefore, was determined to be the least-cost tomato irrigation system under present fuel cost and nonlimiting water supply conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Aziz, Marjan, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal, Sairah Syed, Muhammad Ashraf, Saira Anwer, Muhammad Usman, et al. "A Sustainable Irrigation System for Small Landholdings of Rainfed Punjab, Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 11178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011178.

Full text

Abstract:

Drip irrigation has long been proven beneficial for fruit and vegetable crops in Pakistan, but the only barrier in its adoption is the high cost of installation for small landholders, which is due to overdesigning of the system. In the present study, the cost of a conventional drip irrigation system was reduced by redesigning and eliminating the heavy filtration system (i.e., hydrocyclon, sand media, disc filters (groundwater source), pressure gauges, water meters, and double laterals).Purchasing the drip system from local vendors also reduced the cost. Field trials were conducted during 2015 and 2016 to observe the productive and economic effects of low-cost drip irrigation on vegetables (potato, onion, and chilies) and fruits (olive, peach, and citrus). The low-cost drip irrigation system saved 50% cost of irrigation and increased 27–54% net revenue in comparison with the furrow irrigation system. Further, water use efficiency (WUE) was found from 3.91–13.30 kg/m3 and 1.28–4.89 kg/m3 for drip irrigation and furrow irrigation systems, respectively. The physical and chemical attributes of vegetables and fruits were also improved to a reasonably good extent. The present study concluded that low-cost drip irrigation increased the yield by more than 20%, as compared with traditional furrow irrigation, and thus, it is beneficial for the small landholders (i.e., less than 2 hectares).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sofiya, Korabu. "Smart Drip Irrigation System Using IOT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.4129.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Araya, A., H. Ortíz, E. Van der Meer, and A. Torres. "Automation of a drip irrigation system." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 24, no. 11 (September 1991): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-041273-3.50080-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Musa, M., M. Iqbal, M. Tariq, FH Sahi, NM Cheema, and FN Jahan. "Comparative water use efficiency of drip and furrow irrigation systems for off-season vegetables under plastic tunnel." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 12, no. 1 (December 3, 2014): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21113.

Full text

Abstract:

The experiment was conducted under plastic tunnel at Groundnut Research Station, Attock, Pakistan during 2006-2007 to 2008-2009 to determine water consumption by three off-season vegetables irrigated through drip and furrow systems, and to evaluate the comparative water use efficiency (WUE) of two irrigation systems in rain fed areas. Drip and furrow irrigation systems were tested on tomato, cucumber and bell pepper in this study. A permanent tunnel of 24 x 8 x 3 m was erected. Each crop was planted on 6 x 8 m under drip irrigation and on 6 x 2.70 m under furrow irrigation system. Water use efficiency was calculated as the ratio of total yield (kg) to total water consumed by the crop (m3). Each crop consumed less water under drip irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation system. Amomg crops, cucumber comsumed the least amount of water irrespective of irrigation systems. Average water use efficiency increased by 250% for tomato, 274% for cucumber and 245% for bell pepper under drip irrigation system as compared to furrow system. On the contrary, the average fruit yield increased only by 2.05% for tomato, 3.32% for cucumber and 2.35% for bell pepper in furrow irrigation over drip irrigation. This suggested that drip irrigation has a greater scope for production of off-season vegetables especially in water scarce areas of Pakistan. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21113 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 62-71 (2014)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Helena, Maria Camilo de Moraes Nogueira, Xavier Peiter Marcia, Dias Robaina Adroaldo, Alberto Rodr iacute guez Padr Richard, Urbanetto Nogueira Cicero, and Vinicius Loregian Marcos. "Irrigation depths in sugarcane crop with drip irrigation system." African Journal of Agricultural Research 11, no. 27 (July 7, 2016): 2423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2016.11048.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Fallahi*, Esmaeil. "Effects of Various Irrigation Regimes on Tree Growth, Water Use, and Mineral Nutrients of `Fuji' and `Gala' Apples." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 842A—842. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.842a.

Full text

Abstract:

Effects of seven different irrigation systems for `Fuji' and two irrigation systems for `Gala' on five rootstocks on tree growth, water use, and mineral nutrients were studied. All forms of drip system used significanly less water than sprinkler systems. Patial root drying sprinkler system used 50% less water than full sprinkler. Application of partial root drying drip at 50% rate of full drip was not sufficient and trees had to receive 75% of full drip to survive. Trees under full sprinkler used about 28 inches of water while those with drip used less than 8 inches of water during the 2003 growing season. Leaf minerals, particularly N and K were affected by irrigation systems. Trees with buried drip required less water than those with above-ground drip system. Calculation of water requirement on a tree-use basis provided an excellent guide for irrigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Rathore, J. P., Pawan K. Nagar, Amit Kumar, Anil Sharma, Kalpana Choudhary, and Manish Kumar Meena. "DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM IS BEST IRRIGATION SYSTEM UNDER HIGH DENSITY ORCHARDS." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 04, no. 06 (December 1, 2019): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2019.v04i06.031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Soomro, Aeeman, Tanweer Hussain, and Wali Muhammad Daudpota. "Design and Installation of Controlled Drip Irrigation System." WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy 4, no. 2 (October 9, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32438/wpe.9518.

Full text

Abstract:

Globally, agriculture sector uses major share of available freshwater. Pakistan is an agricultural country and its major economy depends upon the agriculture sector. In Pakistan, freshwater sacristy rate is increasing due to poor sanitation and water management system, increase in population and food demands, and use of fresh water flood irrigation system to irrigate the agricultural land. This ultimately poses harmful effect on the economy of country. About 73% of freshwater resource is consumed for the irrigation purpose in Pakistan. The increase in population and the food demand is an impetus to adopt drip irrigation system at large in the country. In such a scenario, controlled drip irrigation system serves the suitable technique to limit the water supplied to the crops at regular interval for agriculture, and replaces the flood irrigation system. Besides ordinary drip irrigation system, the controlled drip irrigation system monitors and controls the soil moisture and temperature of the crops using sensors and actuators. This study is aimed at designing and installation of controlled drip irrigation system for crop fields at Nasarpur, Sindh, Pakistan. It was expected that agricultural sector will become more productive by effectively using the fresh water resources. The study has shown that converting conventional irrigation into controlled drip irrigation has saved freshwater to a greater extent and marginal excessive use energy used in pumping and the control system. On the other hand it has also minimized the energy usage for pumping fresh water through large tube wells.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ati, A. S., and H. A. Razin. "The Effect Irrigation Scheduling and Potassium Fertilization on Water Consumption of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under Modern Irrigation Systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 904, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/904/1/012008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A field experiment was conducted in Yusufiya sub-district - Mahmudiya township/Baghdad governorate in silty loam texture soil during the spring season of 2020. The experiment included three treatments with three replicates, as the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used according to the arrangement of the split design block. The treatments are in the irrigation system, which included surface drip irrigation (T1) and sprinkler irrigation (T2). Secondly, the Irrigation levels including the irrigation using 0.70 Pan Evaporation Fraction PEF (I1), irrigation using 1.00 PEF (I2), and irrigation using 1.30 PEF (I3). Coupled with, Potassium fertilization treatments that include (0.0 kg k ha-1 (K1), 150 kg k ha-1 (K2) and 300 kg k ha-1 (K3)). The results showed that the actual seasonal water consumption reached its peak at irrigation level I1, which reached 390.03 and 256.41 mm for the sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, respectively. However, the actual seasonal water consumption at irrigation level I2 was 373.92 and 255.63, and it was 353.82 and T255.15 mm at irrigation level I3 for the sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, respectively. The lowest values of the crop coefficient at the tuber maturity stage using the sprinkler irrigation system were 0.49, 0.46, and 0.44, and at the vegetative growth stage using the surface drip irrigation system by 0.37, 0.32, and 0.38 for irrigation levels I1, I2, and I3, respectively. Even though the greatest values were in the tuber Initiation and bulking stages, as they reached 0.86, 0.66, and 0.79 using the sprinkler irrigation system, while they reached 0.49, 0.54, and 0.51 using the surface drip irrigation system for I1, I2, and I3 levels, respectively. The highest water productivity for treatment I3K3 was 15.70 and 27.20 kg m-3 of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. In contrast, the lowest water productivity was 8.73 and 17.72 kg m-3 for treatment I1K1 of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. Whereas, the highest value of crop water use efficiency was 11.70 and 17.58 kg m-3 for I3K3 treatment of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. Although, the lowest value of crop water use efficiency was 6.71 and 11.49 kg m-3 for I1K1 treatment of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. Lastly, the highest yield was 44.87 Mg ha-1 at treatment T1I3K3.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ho, Angelina M. Y., Hawa Ze Jaafar, Ionel Valeriu Grozescu, and Muhammad Zaharul Asyraf Bin Zaharin. "Solar Powered Gravity-Feed Drip Irrigation System Using Wireless Sensor Network." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 12 (2015): 970–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.731.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

BITTMAN, S., E. Z. JAN, and G. M. SIMPSON. "AN INEXPENSIVE SYSTEM USING DRIP-EMITTERS FOR IRRIGATING SMALL PLOTS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-030.

Full text

Abstract:

Plot irrigation systems have a number of deficiencies including uneven water distribution and high cost. A system that overcomes many of these problems, using drip irrigation emitters, was designed and tested. It was found to perform well provided that clean water was supplied.Key words: Irrigation system, drip emitters, plots

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Jeznach, Jerzy. "Some maintenance problems of the drip irrigation in Poland." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10060-008-0021-6.

Full text

Abstract:

Some maintenance problems of the drip irrigation in Poland Drip irrigation system will play in the future a significant role in fulfilling the requirements of intensive, energysaving agricultural production. Total area under microirrigation in Poland can be now estimated as about 10 000 hectares. Drip irrigation is applied mainly in orchards, vegetable farms and greenhouses. The investigations on drip irrigation have shown a high infl uence of the agricultural conditions on the operation and reliability and productivity effects of the irrigation system. Paper present the investigation of the operation of drip irrigation systems in various regions of Poland. The analysis is based on the results of the manufacture coefficient of variation Cv, emitter exponent n, uniformity coefficient and detailed observation of the work time, breaks, failures and any other damages to the system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Nandurkar, Ms Vaishnavi. "Study on Different Type of Irrigation System Suitable for South Region of Maharashtra." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39700.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: To study on different type of irrigation system suitable for south region of Maharashtra. We are attempting to find an irrigation system which would require less water and will be economical with higher yield of the crops for which it is installed. Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil through various systems of tubes, pumps, and sprays. Irrigation is usually used in areas where rainfall is irregular or dry times or drought is expected. There are many types of irrigation systems, in which water is supplied to the entire field uniformly Study of various types of irrigation method's such as surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation, drip irrigation and smart irrigation. We discussed about the different types of irrigation systems, there are several types of irrigation systems such as surface irrigation, sub-surface irrigation, drip irrigation, IOT, smart irrigation, sensor based irrigation in combination of traditional and modern type of irrigation. From above study we came to know the difference between automated irrigation system and manual irrigation system. We will know that automated irrigation system gives higher yield of crops using less amount of water as compared to manual irrigation system in accordance to automated and manual. Our study is to compare our system with other irrigation systems in terms of economy and optimum water usage to provide maximum results. Keywords: Surface irrigation, Drip irrigation, Manual Irrigation system, automated irrigation system

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Oukaira, Aziz, Amrou Zyad Benelhaouare, Emmanuel Kengne, and Ahmed Lakhssassi. "FPGA-Embedded Smart Monitoring System for Irrigation Decisions Based on Soil Moisture and Temperature Sensors." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091881.

Full text

Abstract:

The basic need common to all living beings is water. Less than 1% of the water on earth is fresh water and water use is increasing daily. Agricultural practices alone require huge amounts of water. The drip technique improved the efficiency of water use in irrigation and initiated the introduction and development of fertigation, the integrated distribution of water and fertilizer. The past few decades have seen extensive research being carried out in the area of development and evaluation of different technologies available to estimate/measure soil moisture to aid in various applications and to facilitate the use of drip irrigation for users and farmers. In this technology, plant moisture and temperature are accurately monitored and controlled in real time over roots in the form of droplets, by developing smart monitoring system to save water and avoid water waste using drip irrigation technology. Water is delivered to the roots drop by drop, which saves water as well as prevents plants from being flooded and decaying due to excess water released by irrigation methods such as flood irrigation, border irrigation, furrow irrigation, and control basin irrigation. Drip irrigation with an embedded intelligent monitoring system is one of the most valuable techniques used to save water and farmers’ time and energy. In this paper, we design an embedded monitoring system based in the integrated 65 nm CMOS technology in agricultural practices which would facilitate agriculture and enable farmers to monitor crops. Hence, to demonstrate the feasibility, a prototype was constructed and simulated with modelsim and validated with nclaunch the both tools from Cadence, as well as implementation on the FPGA board, was be performed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Sadek, Norhan, عبد الغنی محمد الجندی, Ahmed Hegazi, and Osma Beder. "EVALUATION OF SOLAR POWERED DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM SYSTEM." Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1853–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2019.13445.1040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Yan, Xin Fang, and Jun Cang Tian. "Study of Application on Reverse Osmosis Concentrated Water Circulation in Desert Greenhouse." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.287.

Full text

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of concentrated water discharge amount is larger and the recovery rate is low in desert greenhouse for desalination of brackish water,Using reverse osmosis concentrated water circulation system.The results showed: With less dense water emissions, System desalinization rate decreases, system recovery rate increases, water flow in the system decreases, the system water pressure increases. In this test, when dense water emissions is 0.81m3/h, System desalinization rate reaches up to 91%, system recovery rate reached up to 81%, saving water above 20%. Major ion SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ removal rates are 96.2%, 92.7%,100% and 100%. The order of yield and benefit on Planting pepper are: wheel irrigation drip > water drip > mixed irrigation drip > raw water drip irrigation under different irrigation modes.Benefit-cost ratio of wheel irrigation drip ,water drip and mixed irrigation drip are 17.68,13.61 and 4.61.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Domullodzhanov, Daler. "Drip irrigation technology for potatoes through applying low-pressure semistationary small-capacity." Melioration and Water Management, no. 6 (January 22, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32962/0235-2524-2020-6-4-8.

Full text

Abstract:

The article describes the results of field and laboratory experiments on the study of the technology of drip irrigation of potatoes via using the semi-stationary low-pressure small-capacity drip irrigation system (LDIS) developed by us. Reinforced aluminium micro-tubes ensure uniform watering. Depending on the annual precipitation sufficiency, the potatoes irrigation requirements 1700…3400 m3/ha, the number of irrigations varied from 10 to 20 times, and the yield was between 54…58,2 tons per ha.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Clark, G. A. "Drip Irrigation Management and Scheduling for Vegetable Production." HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.32.

Full text

Abstract:

Proper management of vegetable drip-irrigation systems requires knowledge of soil hydraulic characteristics, plant-growth and water-use characteristics, and evaporative demand. The resultant schedule must integrate these properties and conform to existing irrigation system and cultural constraints. Irrigation management must be coupled with the fertilizer management program to avoid excessive water applications that leach plant nutrients. Because drip irrigation applies water to discrete locations along the plant row, limited irrigated areas can result, and this is an important consideration for irrigation system design, cultural practices and management, and irrigation system operation and management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Kovach, Steve, Larry Curtis, and Jim Allen. "CHLORINATION TO PREVENT CLOGGING IN MICRO-IRRIGATION SYSTEMS." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1174b—1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1174b.

Full text

Abstract:

Irrigating with a micro-irrigation (drip) system offers improved crop quality and yield with significant savings of energy and water. To deliver these benefits reliably, a grower's system must include chlorinations or some other effective water treatment program to prevent clogging, the most common problem of micro-irrigation. Step-by-step procedures of chlorination of micro-irrigation systems are discussed. Injected into micro-irrigation systems, chlorine kills the micro-organisms—bacteria, fungi and algae—that may be in a water source and are the most common system cloggers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

BALABANOV, V. I. "APPLICATION OF THE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR CULTIVATION OF POTATOES IN THE MOSCOW REGION." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 3 (2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-3-47-54.

Full text

Abstract:

The article analyzes the indicators of the gross harvest of potatoes in the Moscow region in recent years. It has been proven that an increase in acreage does not always lead to an increase in gross harvest. It is equally important to provide comfortable conditions for the growth and development of plants. Precipitation in the Moscow region in the spring and summer period falls extremely unevenly: days with heavy rains forming a layer of precipitation of tens of millimeters alternate with non-precipitating days and weeks. The necessity of additional irrigation to create an optimal water – air balance for the development of plants is substantiated and the advantages of using drip irrigation for these purpose which allows the delivery of irrigation water directly to the root zone of the plant are estimated. It is recommended to combine operations on the formation of potato ridges with the laying of a drip tape since in the initial period of development the plant has enough moisture reserves of the mother tuber and additional watering is not required. The design of the drip tape stacker based on the Grimme GF-75/4 ridge former has been developed to increase the degree of mechanization when laying the drip tape. At a working speed of 3.2…5.5 km/h the productivity of the machine was 0.51…0.97 ha/h. In the course of further research the irrigation rate was calculated taking into account the elliptical shape of the humidification contour which made it possible to exclude excessive watering. After the installation of the drip irrigation system, irrigation was carried out at a constant rate when the moisture capacity reached 70% of the uultimate field moisture capacity with the adjustment of the time between irrigations. The use of the drip irrigation system made it possible to increase the yield of potatoes of the varieties Red Scarlett and Zhukovsky Early by 26.5% … 28%, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Dehtiarov, Yu, and O. Chekar. "Use of electrophysical indicators during growing strawberries on drop irrigation." UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE 110, no. 2 (2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/2313-092x/2021-2(110)-7.

Full text

Abstract:

Yu. Dehtiarov, O. Chekar. Use of electrophysical indicators during growing strawberries on drop irrigation Three-year studies (2018-2020) have been carried out on the influence of different fertilizer systems under drip irrigation on the electrophysical parameters of typical chernozem during the cultivation of garden strawberries. It has been established that the largest changes in electrophysical parameters (electrical conductivity, total mineralization, salinity) of typical chernozem occur from the ridge to a depth of 20-30 cm. There is a difference in the obtained values of electrophysical indicators between variants of fertilization of typical chernozem (control, mineral system, organo-mineral system, organic system), and also during years of researches is revealed. Keywords: chernozem typical, electrophysical indicators, drip irrigation, fertilization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Worley, Ray E., J. W. Daniel, J. D. Dutcher, and K. A. Harrison. "EFFECT OF APPLYING N THROUGH THE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON PECAN TREE YIELD." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 853c—853. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.853c.

Full text

Abstract:

Nitrogen at rates of 112 or 224 kg·ha-1 was applied to nonirrigated and drip irrigated mature pecan trees for 9 years. Some irrigated trees received 224 kg·ha-1 N either all broadcast or ½ through the drip irrigation. Other drip irrigated trees received only 112 kg·ha-1 all through the drip irrigation system. Fertigation was in 4 equal monthly doses beginning April 1. Irrigation increased yield for 2 years for Schley and 3 years for Stuart. Nut size was increased by irrigation in 6 years for Schley and 8 years for Stuart. Applying ½ N through the irrigation system caused no detrimental effect on yield or nut quality. The lower rate of N all applied through the drip irrigation system gave yield and nut quality as good as the higher rate either all broadcast or ½ broadcast and ½ fertigated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Shiral, Jayashree Shiral, Monika Hazra, Prajakta Thakre, Ankita Gawande, and Karishma Bhadang. "Drip Irrigation Management System and Monitoring Soil Using Wireless Sensors." Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2015): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v2i2.225.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we are using two sensors to sense the humidity and temperature of the soil .water is very precious to all human being as well as to plants. With the help of drip irrigation water will be maintained at constant level which means the water will reach to the roots drop by drop if the field is irrigated heavily with a water, there are chances that a plants may die because of unnecessary irrigation. The water could also wash them away during irrigation if very strong force of water is released at the same time. On the other hand, if there is not enough water, then also there may be chances that the plants may die due to lack of water. With the help of atomized drip irrigation system the sensor will detect the need of water by sensing the temperature & moisture and inform to the control field programmable gate array(FPGA) which will on the motor and provide water to the needed field area. Due to which the healthy plants will grow which leads to increase the productivity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Sanders, D. C. "Maintenance Considerations for Drip Irrigation Systems." HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.38.

Full text

Abstract:

Because drip irrigation systems are very susceptible to clogging, maintenance revolves around flushing the system. Both primary and secondary filters and main and lateral lines and drip tubes require flushing on a regular basis. Chlorination and use of acid often are necessary for keeping lines clear of contaminants. Rubber gaskets and diaphragms should be replaced every 2 years. A water meter will assist in assuring that desired application rates are being obtained. The use of air vents assures that air locks do not reduce system efficiency. The calibration of injector pumps should be verified at least two times per season.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Tashilina, Anastasia. "Fuzzy models operational planning irrigation for automated drip irrigation system." University News. North-Caucasian Region. Technical Sciences Series, no. 1 (March 2015): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0321-2653-2015-1-38-41.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Boujelben, A., and K. M'barek. "POTATO CROP RESPONSE TO DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 449 (August 1997): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.449.34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Mirza, Mehwish. "Control and Analysis of Drip irrigation system." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 5069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.4826.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Narayanamoorthy, A. "Evaluation of Drip Irrigation System in Maharashtra." Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics 38, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21648/arthavij/1996/v38/i1/115995.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Haupenthal, Soni Willian. "Drip irrigation system powered by photovoltaic panels." Comunicata Scientiae 10, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v10i1.2865.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of a drip irrigation system with photovoltaic energy without the use of energy storage system. The experiment was conducted at the State University of the West Parana - UNIOESTE, Campus of Cascavel, in the laboratory CASA project, during six days, analyzing the coefficients of uniformity of Christiansen (CUC), coefficient of uniformity of distribution (CUD) for measurement of 16 drippers by sector (Keller method) and later the coefficient of variation (CV). In the energy part, the irradiance and the current generated by the panel were analyzed. The irrigation set was also classified according to the ASABE standard. The statistical quality control of the system was also performed in order to evaluate the quality of the set considered, with the means being compared by the Tukey test at 5%. The coefficients of each treatment reached an excellent level according to their classifications. The main results allowed to evaluate that the flow control by dripper showed a significant effect for the factors analyzed. The system obtained excellent processability according to the analyzes of distribution uniformities. It was also concluded that there was a significant relationship between the coefficients (CUC, CUD and CV) with the process capacity of the flow data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Srivastava, Ramesh C., Harish C. Verma, Sheelabhadra Mohanty, and Saroj K. Pattnaik. "Investment decision model for drip irrigation system." Irrigation Science 22, no. 2 (September 1, 2003): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-003-0072-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Singh, Narpat, and K. L. Dangi. "Attitude of farmers towards drip irrigation system." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 13, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/13.1/14-17.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Jandová, Kristýna, and Marcel Janda. "Application of Solar-Powered Irrigation System." ECS Transactions 105, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10501.0291ecst.

Full text

Abstract:

This article deals with the issue of solar-powered irrigation, specifically, by connecting a solar power source to a drip irrigation system. Thanks to an independent energy source the irrigation system is able to work anywhere. In addition to energy independence, thanks to the drip mode of irrigation, another benefit is water saving, which is up to 70% compared to conventional irrigation. The simplicity of this system allows use both in small gardens and in agriculture. Another advantage of the system is its expandability with various sensors (e.g. soil moisture monitoring), which will help with more efficient management of watering.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Kemble, J. M. "On-farm Demonstrations: A Simple Approach to Designing Drip Irrigation Systems for Small and Part-time Vegetable Growers." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 598b—598. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.598b.

Full text

Abstract:

Many small and part-time commercial vegetable growers in Alabama rely on rainfall to provide irrigation for their crops. This, coupled with limited financial resources, creates situations where poor-quality produce and low yields are common. Working cooperatively with county extension agents, growers that met a series of criteria and that could benefit from drip irrigation were identified. An on-farm result demonstration and educational program was developed to help combat this problem by emphasizing the importance of irrigation and introducing affordable drip irrigation systems for these growers. County agents and growers participated in an educational program, which involved a daylong course covering the basics of drip irrigation and hands-on training with all components of the drip system. Necessary background information on each site was collected and a drip irrigation system was designed for each site. Next, each grower was provided with all of the necessary materials and equipment needed to install the system. The overall flexibility in the basic design was stressed and several growers modified their systems with items that provided various levels of automation, or the capacity to fertigate. Fifteen on-farm demonstrations in 14 counties were developed ranging from 0.08 to 0.60 ha in size. Cost for this equipment (layflat, fittings, drip tape, regulators, filter) was ≈$230 per site. Success of each demonstration varied. Overall, growers were positive about using drip irrigation and that it was affordable. Most planned on continuing or expanding its use next season.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Ankush, Ankush, Vikram Singh, and S. K. Sharma. "Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to fertigation by irrigation scheduling in drip irrigation system." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1342.

Full text

Abstract:

Drip irrigation technique has proved its superiority over other methods of irrigation due to direct application of water and nutrient in the vicinity of root zone. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation and fertigation scheduling through drip irrigation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during Rabi season of 2015-16 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur. There were three irrigation levels and five fertilization levels in split-plot design with three replications. Nutrient content in plant and fruit was found higher under the application of drip irrigation at 100 % PE (I1) and at 100 % RDF through fertigation (F1). Maximum nutrient uptake by tomato i.e. nitrogen (166.83 kg ha-1), phosphorus (41.59 kg ha-1) and potassium (183.08 kg ha-1) was recorded with treatment combination of drip irrigation at 75 % PE (I2) + 75 % RDF through fertigation + 2 foliar spray of 1 % urea phosphate (F3). Similarly, significantly maximum yield and growth attributes i.e. fruit yield (201.25 q ha-1), plant height (67.43 cm) and number of branches (12.33) were registered with treatment combination of drip irrigation at 75 % PE and 75 % RDF through fertigation + 2 foliar spray of 1 % urea phosphate. Drip fertigation method has proved to be very significant in improving nutrient uptake which finally resulting in enhancement of growth and yield of tomato crop.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Shock, Clinton C., Erik B. G. Feibert, Alicia Riveira, and Lamont D. Saunders. "Response of Onion Yield, Grade, and Financial Return to Plant Population and Irrigation System." HortScience 50, no. 9 (September 2015): 1312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.9.1312.

Full text

Abstract:

Onion (Allium cepa) plant population is an important factor in total yield and bulb size, both of which can influence economic return to growers. Different onion bulb marketing opportunities influence the plant populations that growers should target. With the transition from furrow irrigation to a drip irrigation system, growers have doubts as to the onion population that should be planted to assure favorable economic outcomes. Onions were grown on silt loam at the Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR in 2011 and 2012 following bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) each year. Long-day onion cultivars Vaquero, Esteem, Barbaro, and Sedona were planted heavily and thinned to nominal plant populations between 222,000 and 593,000 plants/ha under furrow irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, and “intense bed” subsurface drip irrigation. The intense bed configuration had 50% more rows of onions with three drip tapes per 1.94-m bed instead of two tapes. The experiment had a randomized complete block split-split-plot design with six replicates. Irrigation systems were the main plots, cultivars the split plots, and plant populations the split-split plots. Onion yield and grade responses to plant population for each cultivar and each planting system were determined by regression of yield and grade on the actual onion plant stands. In general, there were few differences among irrigation systems or interactions among irrigations systems, cultivars, and plant populations. Averaging over cultivars, total and marketable bulb yield out of storage increased with plant population, whereas the bulb diameters decreased with plant population. Average marketable yield was 119 Mg⋅ha−1 over the 2 years. Average yield of colossal bulbs >102 mm in diameter decreased with increasing plant population. In 2011, estimated gross economic return increased linearly with plant population, offset in part by increasing seed cost. In 2012, estimated economic return responded quadratically to plant population with maximum return of $45,357/ha at 419,000 plants/ha.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Blom, Theo J., and Brian D. Piott. "COMPARISON OF LOW VOLUME DRIP AND SUBIRRIGATION SYSTEMS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1113e—1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1113e.

Full text

Abstract:

Low volume drip (2 l/h) was compared with 2 subirrigation ('trough' and `ebb and flo') systems for production of poinsettias and chrysanthemums in 15 cm diameter (1.6 l) `azalea' pots. Irrigation frequency as well as fertilizer rates were the same for all systems. The drip system received 280 ml per watering.Two plantings of poinsettias (fall) as well as two plantings of chrysanthemums (spring and summer) showed no differences in plant growth between the drip and the subirrigation systems. Water uptake by the medium was similar for all irrigation systems, but water and fertilizer application was 70% higher for the drip system. Nutrients, measured at 4 depths within the pot at monthly intervals, increased with time and was markedly more concentrated in the top layer, regardless of the irrigation system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

KAZEMI, Hossein, and Sanaz ZARDARI. "Energy Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Emission from Strawberry Production under Two Irrigation Systems." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.2436.

Full text

Abstract:

The aims of this study were to estimate the energy indices, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and compare the energy balance of open field strawberry production under furrow and drip irrigation systems in Kurdistan province, west of Iran. Data used in this study were obtained from 24 strawberry growers using a face to face questionnaire method in 2014. In order to convert inputs and output into energy equivalents, energy equivalent coefficients were applied. The results indicate that total energy consumption in strawberry production was 16,206.83 and 16,525.69 MJ.ha-1, whereas the total energy output was 38,950.00 and 52,385.70 MJ.ha-1 in furrow and drip irrigation systems, respectively. Energy use efficiency and net energy in the drip irrigation system were higher than the furrow irrigation system. Nitrogen fertilizer was the major energy consumer in both of the irrigation systems. From an environmental viewpoint, the total GHG emissions were 764.28 and 1,284.19 kg CO2 equivalent ha-1 in the furrow and drip systems, respectively. In the furrow system, the nitrogen fertilizer and diesel fuel had the highest share in GHG emissions, with 51.76 and 20.72 percent of the total, respectively, but in the drip system, machinery had the highest share in GHG emissions, with 53.11 percent of the total.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Phene, C. J., R. B. Hutmacher, and K. R. Davis. "Two Hundred Tons Per Hectare of Processing Tomatoes—Can We Reach It?" HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.16.

Full text

Abstract:

Processing tomato is an important crop in California, where ≈ 100,000 ha is grown annually. In the past, processing tomatoes have been irrigated mostly by sprinkler and furrow irrigation, although several tests have been conducted with drip irrigation, and a few growers are using subsurface drip irrigation. Yields of tomato have been shown to be sensitive to water management when the amount of irrigation water closely matches plant water use. Tomatoes have been identified as susceptible to drought stress and waterlogging at both ends of the furrow irrigation cycle. Subsurface drip irrigation is a relatively new method in which drip irrigation laterals are buried permanently 20 to 60 cm below the soil surface. This method has provided the control and uniformity of water and fertilizer distribution necessary to maximize the yield of processing tomatoes. A computerized control system maintains nearly constant soil water and nutrient concentration in the root zone by irrigating and fertilizing frequently, thus avoiding small water and nutrient stresses, especially during the critical period between first and peak bloom. During the maturation and ripening stage, irrigation and nutrient concentrations can be adjusted to increase soluble solids and to adjust the maturation rate to coincide with the harvest schedule. Maximum yield levels can be obtained when nearly all the fertilizers (N, P, and K) are injected precisely in time and space through the drip irrigation system to meet the crop nutrient requirement. Water-use efficiency (WUE), defined as the ratio of yield: unit of water used by the plant, can be maximized by using this precise irrigation and fertilization technique. Yields >200 t·ha-1 of red tomatoes were achieved in large field plot research, and commercial yields of 150 t·ha-1 were achieved in large-scale field applications with a lesser degree of control. Therefore, we predict that with further fine-tuning, commercial yields of 200 tons of processing tomatoes/ha could be achieved using a subsurface drip irrigation system with accurate water and fertility management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Nayef, Hussam H., and Abdul Razzak A. Jasim. "Utilization of Smart Irrigation for Different Irrigation Systems on the Growth and Production of Different Rice Cultivars." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.4.nq22092.

Full text

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted at one of the research stations of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad for the summer agricultural season of 2021, to evdluate the utilization of smart irrigation systems with dry planting and its impact on the growth and production of three local rice cultivar treatment. for irrigation systems in cluded: subsurface and surface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and flood irrigation, and three local cultivar treatment of rice Anber 33, Jasmine and Furat were studied. The characters studied were irrigation system capacity, irrigation system efficiency, plant height, and rice yield. The experiment was carried out using a nested design, according to a randomized complete block design RCBD with three replications .The results were statistically analyzed and the least significant difference LSD was used at the level of 0.05 to compare the averages of the treatments. The results indicate that the surface drip irrigation system outperformed in obtaining the highest dripping discharge stood 3.03 l. h-1. subsurface irrigation system obtained the highest irrigation efficiency stood 93.0%. The flood irrigation system obtained the highest plant height stood 80.66 cm and the highest yield reached stood 3.424 tons ha-1. The Anber 33 cultivar achieved the highest irrigation flow in the flood irrigation that reached stood 114.4 l. h-1, the highest irrigation efficiency achieved by Furat cultivar which was stood 82.2%, and the Anbar 33 cultivar treatment achieved the highest plant height of 91.67 cm and the highest yield stood 3.873 tons ha-1. Jasmine cultivar treatment the highest discharge in the sprinkler irrigation capacity was stood 23.28 l. h-1, the highest discharge in the hydraulic dripper was stood 3.04 l. h-1. The two-way interaction between the flood irrigation system and Anber 33 cultivar treatment achieved the highest plant height stood 110.7 cm and the highest yield stood 4.043 tons. ha-1.. The sub-surface drip irrigation system in the Anbar 33 cultivar treatment achieved the highest irrigation efficiency of 93.6%. the surface drip irrigation system in the Anbar 33 cultivar treatment achieved the highest discharge of drippers which reached 3.05 l . h-1. Subsurface drip irrigation in Jasmine cultivar treatment achieved the highest dripping discharge stood 3.05 l. h -1.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Bravdo, B., and E. L. Proebsting. "Use of Drip Irrigation in Orchards." HortTechnology 3, no. 1 (January 1993): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.3.1.44.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of drip irrigation in orchards is increasing worldwide. Water shortage, prevention of ground water contamination, and improved production are the main reasons for this increase. The combination of partial wetting of the soil and control of the water penetration depth considerably increases the efficiency of irrigation. Recent technological improvements permit maintenance of a constant volume of irrigated soil in which gradients of soil water matric potentials and mineral concentrations exist from the irrigation point to the margins of the wetted zone. Because water and mineral uptake is a function of soil matric potential and mineral concentration, respectively, optimal uptake rates by certain portions of the root system always exist along these gradients for any given environmental conditions. Gradients of air concentration act similarly and permit maintenance of high water availability without any interference with root aeration. Due to the relative ability of the roots to exchange water, minerals, and, possibly, oxygen, the entire root system functions more efficiently compared to root systems under conventional irrigation methods. Physiological root restriction effects induce the formation of a large number of small roots with frequent branching. Consequently, the relative surface area for water and mineral absorption is increased several-fold, and the increased number of root tips that are known to be involved in production of hormones (such as gibberelins and cytokinins) is significant. Evidence for enhanced fruit bud formation under conditions of root restriction is presented here. Water treatment and filtration technology has improved, and clogging of surface or buried drip systems now can be minimized, which also increases the suitable range of water quality for use in drip systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Drip irrigation system'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles