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Journal articles on the topic 'Drip irrigation, treadle pump'
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1
Fandika, Isaac Rhinnexious, Davie Kadyampakeni, and Shamie Zingore. "Performance of bucket drip irrigation powered by treadle pump on tomato and maize/bean production in Malawi." Irrigation Science 30, no. 1 (January 14, 2011): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-010-0260-2.
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Chigerwe, Jeskia, Norbert Manjengwa, Pieter van der Zaag, W. Zhakata, and Johan Rockström. "Low head drip irrigation kits and treadle pumps for smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe: a technical evaluation based on laboratory tests." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 29, no. 15-18 (January 2004): 1049–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2004.08.007.
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Kamwamba-Mtethiwa, J., R. Namara, C. De Fraiture, J. Mangisoni, and E. Owusu. "TREADLE PUMP IRRIGATION IN MALAWI: ADOPTION, GENDER AND BENEFITS." Irrigation and Drainage 61, no. 5 (April 23, 2012): 583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.1665.
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Gadedjisso-Tossou, Agossou, Tamara Avellán, and Niels Schütze. "An Economic-Based Evaluation of Maize Production under Deficit and Supplemental Irrigation for Smallholder Farmers in Northern Togo, West Africa." Resources 8, no. 4 (November 16, 2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8040175.
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While the world population is expected to reach 9 billion in 2050, in West Africa, it will more than double. This situation will lead to a high demand for cereals in the region. At the same time, farmers are experiencing yield losses due to erratic rainfall. To come up with a sound and effective solution, the available but limited water should be used to achieve high yields through irrigation. Therefore, full and deficit irrigation management strategies were evaluated. The expected profit that can be obtained by a smallholder farmer under a conventional irrigation system in the short-term of investment was also assessed considering rope and bucket, treadle pump, and motorized pump water-lifting methods. The study focused on maize in northern Togo. The framework used in this study consisted of (i) a weather generator for simulating long-term climate time series; (ii) the AquaCrop model, which was used to simulate crop yield response to water; and (iii) a problem-specific algorithm for optimal irrigation scheduling with limited water supply. Results showed high variability in rainfall during the wet season leading to significant variability in the expected yield under rainfed conditions. This variability was substantially reduced when supplemental irrigation was applied. This holds for the irrigation management strategies evaluated in the dry season. Farmers’expected net incomes were US$ 133.35 and 78.11 per hectare for treadle pump and rope and bucket methods, respectively, under 10% exceedance probability. The motorized pump method is not appropriate for smallholder farmers in the short run.
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Adeoti, Adetola, Boubacar Barry, Regassa Namara, and Abdul Kamara. "The Impact of Treadle Pump Irrigation Technology Adoption on Poverty in Ghana." Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 15, no. 4 (December 2009): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13892240903309611.
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Beyene, Shimelis, Teshome Regassa, Belaineh Legesse, Martha Mamo, and Tsegaye Tadesse. "Empowerment and Tech Adoption: Introducing the Treadle Pump Triggers Farmers’ Innovation in Eastern Ethiopia." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 3268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093268.
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In 2013, thirty-eight treadle pumps (TPs) were installed as low-cost technology introduction for small-scale irrigation in eastern Ethiopia. This pilot project also trained six farmers on tube well excavation, as well as the installation and maintenance of pumps. In June 2015, researchers visited nine of the thirty-eight TP villages and found only two TPs functioning as originally installed. The rest were replaced with a new technology developed by the trained farmers. Farmers, empowered by training, gained more control in developing technology options tailored to local needs and conditions of their communities. Adopters of the new technology stated that the limited water output and high labor demand of the conventional TP did not optimally fulfil their irrigation water requirements. The new technology had spread quickly to more than one hundred households due to three key factors. First, farmers’ innovative modifications of the initial excavation technique addressed the discharge limitations of the conventional TP by excavating boreholes with wider diameter. Second, local ownership of the new technology, including skills used in well drilling and manufacturing excavation implements, made the modified irrigation technology affordable and accessible to the majority of households. Third, this innovation spread organically without any external support, confirming its sustainability.
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Joubert, Marasi Deon, Dadang Ridwan, and Ratna Manik Pratiwi. "Performance of Groundwater Irrigation System on Drip Irrigation Using Solar Water Pump." Jurnal Irigasi 11, no. 2 (August 8, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.31028/ji.v11.i2.125-132.
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Jaringan Irigasi Air Tanah (JIAT) memberikan kontribusi yang besar bagi produksi pertanian terutama pada musim kemarau. Ketersediaan air yang terbatas perlu diatasi dengan metoda irigasi hemat air termasuk biaya operasinya. JIAT yang sudah terbangun di Ponorogo belum termanfaatkan secara optimal, sehingga perlu direvitalisasi dengan cara menerapkan sistem irigasi hemat air metoda irigasi tetes dan dengan memanfaatkan energi matahari sebagai penggerak pompa air. Pada penelitian ini digunakan panel matahari sebanyak 51 unit di lahan seluas 120 m2. Hasil evaluasi penerapan teknologi di demplot memberikan gambaran bahwa output daya maksimum yang dihasilkan sebesar 7.873,5 watt, debit maksimum 14,17 liter/detik, pengurangan emisi CO2 rerata 4,1 kg/hari, keseragaman irigasi 96,51%, keseragaman tetesan 97,72% dan laju tetesan emitter 3,99 mm/jam. Pengurangan emisi CO2 untuk operasi satu pompa selama 10 bulan berturutan mencapai 1,29 ton. Jika 50% pompa JIAT dari total 7.000-an pompa eksisting yang dapat dikonversi menjadi pompa berbasis tenaga surya, maka potensi pengurangan CO2 mencapai 4.506 ton dalam setahun. Produktivitas air dapat dicapai sebesar 35,63 kg/m3 air untuk budidaya tanaman semangka. Efisiensi penggunaan air sebesar 60% - 92% jika dibandingkan penelitian sejenis. Selain itu, biaya operasi dapat ditekan sampai 94,92% jika dibandingkan dengan biaya operasi pompa berbahan bakar minyak.
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E.O, Adeogun,, and Kasali M.Y. "Determining the Role of Treadle Pump Technology for Transforming Irrigation Practices in Rural Areas." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 67, no. 11 (November 25, 2019): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v67i11p218.
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Sanders, D. C. "Drip-irrigation System Component and Design Considerations for Vegetable Crops." HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.25.
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The following should be considered when installing and maintaining a drip irrigation system for vegetable crops: water source (surface or ground water); water quality (salinity, particulate matter, contaminants); size of area to be irrigated; pump size; soil type; drip tape type; crop to be irrigated; management skill of the operator; automation needs; water meter and budget. Use a professional designer.
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Kim, Byungsoon. "A Robust Irrigation System with a Flow Sensor." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 5 (March 30, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d8550.0210421.
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An autonomous precision irrigation is drawing its attraction as it can reduce labor and water, and improve productivity in agriculture. This paper presents the design of a robust pump control system that can irrigate to a designated area with a fixed amount of water or run times. The system is able to turn off the pump in exceptional situations such as the absence of water. We experiment the implemented system with a drip-irrigated plant pot, showing the designed pump control algorithm works correctly.
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Sokol, Julia, Susan Amrose, Vinay Nangia, Samer Talozi, Elizabeth Brownell, Gianni Montanaro, Khaled Abu Naser, et al. "Energy Reduction and Uniformity of Low-Pressure Online Drip Irrigation Emitters in Field Tests." Water 11, no. 6 (June 7, 2019): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061195.
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A promising way of addressing the issue of growing water scarcity is through wider use of drip irrigation, which delivers water and fertilizer to crops in a slow, targeted manner, and has been shown to increase yields and water use efficiency. Yet, drip irrigation system adoption is low, primarily due to the high capital cost of the pressurized piping network and the pump, and operating energy cost. Lowering the water pressure needed for drip emitters to deliver water can reduce both capital and operating costs of drip systems. Here we present the results from field trials of new pressure-compensating online drip emitters that operate with a minimum compensating inlet pressure of 15 kPa (0.15 bar), in comparison to typical commercial emitters with minimum pressures of 50–100 kPa (0.5–1.0 bar). The field trials were carried out on nine farms in Morocco and Jordan over the course of one irrigation season with freshwater and treated wastewater. Low-pressure emitters are shown to reduce hydraulic energy per unit volume of water delivered by 43% on average compared to commercial emitters, without significantly sacrificing water emission uniformity (low-pressure emitters show uniformities of 81–91%, compared to 87–96% for commercial emitters). This energy reduction could lead to savings of 22–31% in the capital cost of a pump and emitters and the energy cost for a typical drip irrigation system. Thus, the low-pressure online emitters can be used as substitutes to commercial emitters that require higher water pressures, leading to reduced environmental impact and lower system costs.
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Bracy, Regina P., Richard L. Parish, and Roger M. Rosendale. "Fertigation Uniformity Affected by Injector Type." HortTechnology 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0103.
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Application uniformity of fertilizers and pesticides is critical for crop uniformity, but can be difficult to determine when a fertilizer or chemical (fertigation/chemigation) is applied via drip irrigation or deep irrigation tape. Three injectors (venturi, pump, and proportional) were compared in a greenhouse experiment with a continuous-injecting experimental plot injector for fertilizer distribution uniformity in a drip irrigation system. Injection rate and solution volume were evaluated in a field experiment. Injection rate had a significant effect on fertilizer distribution uniformity. Better fertilizer distribution in the greenhouse experiment was obtained with venturi and proportional injectors. In the field, better distribution was obtained with the 1 gal/min (0.06 L·s-1) positive-displacement pump than with the 3 gal/min (0.19 L·s-1) pump. Injection times were longer with these injectors than with the other treatments, with the exception of the continuous injector. Injectors tested in this experiment will give uniform fertilizer distribution if the injector is properly sized with the water flow rate of the system.
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Idrus, Muhamad, Andre Velthuzend, Didik Kuswadi, Suprapto Suprapto, and I. Gde Darmaputra. "Kinerja Irigasi Tetes Tipe Emiter Aries Pada Tanaman Pisang Cavendhis Di Pt Nusantara Tropical Farm." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan 18, no. 1 (July 28, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v18i1.342.
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This research was conducted in PT Nusantara Tropical Farm ( PT NTF) at Jepara, Margosakti, Labuhan Ratu, East Lampung District. The plants which were cultivated in PT NTF such as Cavendish banana, pineapple, crystal guava, and naga fruit. The irrigation being used to irrigated cavendish banana is drip irrigation method with Aries emitter type. Watering method of drip irrigation system that used for Cavendish banana is cross watering and block watering methods. The goals of this research were to determine the performance of drip irrigation line for Cavendish banana by using both kinds of watering method. The performance indicator of irrigation system included the conveyance efficiency, the uniformity coefficient, the length time irrigation, and the amount of fuel consumption for diesel machine of a pump. The result of this research showed that the value of the conveyance efficiency of drip irrigation with cross watering method was 90,2% and 80,0% for block watering method. The uniformity coefficient on cross watering method was 87,55% and 97,10% for block watering method. The amount of fuel consumption for 10,46 ha area with cross watering method was 29,49 l and 40,52 l for 10,2 ha area with block watering method.
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Kuzey, Şakir, Cihat Şeker, Mohamed Elweddad, and M. Tahir Güneşer. "Designing an irrigation system using photovoltaic energy by considering crop type in Fergana Valley." E3S Web of Conferences 304 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130401004.
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Today, the importance of energy cost and efficiency is gradually increase. The decrease in drinking water and agricultural water resources, increases the interest in drip irrigation systems in agricultural irrigation. Environmentally friendly photovoltaic drip irrigation systems (PVDIS) are the appropriate solution in regions where there is no electricity distribution network, where it is far away, or where power cuts are frequently. This study is carried out in the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan. Regional climate data obtained from Climwat 2.0 software are processed in Cropwat 8.0 software. Crops that are both the source of livelihood of the people of the region and that can be used in this study have been determined. Annual and daily water needs are analyzed so that these crops are irrigated every seven days. A system is designed by taking the data of the crop with the highest water requirement as a reference. The drip irrigation system is set up in a PVsyst 7.1.7 simulation environment to pump 114.24 m3 of water daily from a 5-meter-deep river with a 1.8 kW photovoltaic system. The efficiency of the system is 58.7% and the efficiency of the pump is 34.5%. Crop water need is met at the rate of 98.87%. It is predicted that the designed and analyzed PVDIS will provide efficiency in energy and water resources.
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Patiño, Alberto Chuica, Brian Meneses Claudio, and Alexi Delgado. "Design of an Irrigation System using a Motor Pump for Desert Areas in Department of Piura - Perú." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 11, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0921_10.
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Abstract— Currently the world suffers from water scarcity, being one of the most frequent problems that agriculture suffers, there is still no uniformity regarding the extent of the planet covered by these dry lands, varying the calculations from close to 50% to 25% of the earth's surface. Africa and Asia being the continents that had the largest extensions of drylands. Therefore, this research work has as objective the Design of an Irrigation System using a Motor Pump for Desert Areas in Department of Piura - Perú and thus contribute to the agriculture of our country, as well as main points we will focus on the towns far from the city which will use automatic irrigation means through a natural reserve water supply which would have to be stored and through a drip system it will be possible to irrigate and optimize the water in order to give it a better use. Resulting in a water reservoir that once filled to 100% will begin to pump water through a motor pump and through pipes it will be transferred to another reserve reservoir to irrigate a desert area through a drip system so the reservoir plays an important role which will have available water without depleting given greater access to irrigate the land. Keywords— Agriculture; deserted zones; automatic watering; Drip system; Motor pump
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Et. al., Mhamdi Hicham,. "Mathematic Model Design Of Solar Pumping For Drip Irrigation Systems." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 1001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.590.
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The use of solar energy in isolated sites for different applications, such as water pumping, is of primary interest to people in developing countries who do not have safe access to water drinking. But photovoltaic generators have two major drawbacks that are a low yield and a high blow. In order to increase the performance of these systems. Proper adaptation between the solar generator and the load reduces the cost of installation. The choice of an energy system must obey and comply with certain rules. The selected energy system must show as a preliminary its competitiveness with respect to other systems for the same rendered service. The present study have a propose the modeling, simulation, sizing and realization of a photovoltaic pumping system operating over the sun. This system consists of a set of interacting elements; namely the photovoltaic panels, the voltage inverter, the asynchronous motor, the centrifugal pump and the hydraulic circuit.
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Bomfim, Guilherme V. do, Juan Manzano, Benito M. de Azevedo, Denise V. Vasconcelos, and Thales V. de A. Viana. "Potassium distribution in drip irrigation with fertigation for different injection distances in the main line." Engenharia Agrícola 34, no. 6 (December 2014): 1150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162014000600011.
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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the K2O distribution uniformity by surface drip irrigation at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain (39º 29′ N, 0º 23′ W, 20 m). The irrigation was performed by drip lines with not-compensated emitters, spaced 0.3 m. The fertigation was realized using a fertilizer injector pump of electric action with injection of 0.25 h. The experimental design used completely randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of injection in five distances, located at 10; 20; 30; 40; 50 m of the first drip line. Samples were collected in emitters located at the start, at 1/3, at 2/3 and at the end of the drip lines. The nutrient concentration was determined by flame spectrophotometry. The Christiansen's uniformity coefficients (CUC), of distribution (DUC), of statistical (SUC) and of emission (eUC) were estimated. The K2O concentration and distribution decreased linearly with the increase of the injection distance. In all treatments, the CUC, SUC and DUC were described as 'excellent'. The eUC was described as 'recommended' only at smaller injection distances.
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Muñoz-Carpena, Rafael, Yuncong C. Li, Waldemar Klassen, and Michael D. Dukes. "Field Comparison of Tensiometer and Granular Matrix Sensor Automatic Drip Irrigation on Tomato." HortTechnology 15, no. 3 (January 2005): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.3.0584.
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A low-volume/high frequency (LVHF) soil moisture-based drip irrigation system was tested on a shallow sandy soil at a commercial tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) farm in southern Florida. Six LVHF irrigation treatments were compared with the standard commercial practice on the farm (control), where a portable pump was used for manual drip irrigation twice each week. In the six LVHF treatments the system was continuously pressurized by means of an electrical pump and a pressure tank, and controlled by an irrigation timer set to irrigate a maximum of five times per day with the irrigation time (i.e., volume) set according to historical evapotranspiration (ET) demands in the area. Two treatments were based on timer schedules, one to supply 100% of the maximum recommended crop water needs in the area based on historical ET (ET-100%), and the other to supply 150% of those needs (ET-150%). The other four treatments were created by interfacing two types of soil moisture sensors (switching tensiometers and granular matrix sensors with control modules) set at two moisture points (wet = 10 kPa, optimal = 15 kPa) in a closed control loop with the irrigation timer programmed at the ET-100% schedule. Results showed that the six LVHF treatments reduced water use while not significantly affecting tomato yields. Switching tensiometers at the 15 kPa set point performed the best (up to 73% reduction in water use when compared to the control, 50% with respect to ET-100%). The results show that water use below historical ET levels can be obtained without sacrificing yield by keeping the root zone moisture at controlled levels with the soil-moisture based system. Routine maintenance was critical for reliable operation of the switching tensiometers. Granular matrix sensor based irrigation behaved erratically, and did not improve water savings compared to ET-100%, indicating that this system was not effective under the conditions of the area due to the sensor's slow response to frequent wetting-rewetting cycles and characteristics of the interface.
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Philipova, Nina, Olga Nicheva, Valentin Kazandjiev, and Mila Chilikova-Lubomirova. "A Computer Program for Drip Irrigation System Design for Small Plots." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 42, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10254-012-0016-x.
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Abstract A computer programhas been developed for design of surface drip irrigation system. It could be applied for calculation of small scale fields with an area up to 10 ha. The program includes two main parts: crop water requirements and hydraulic calculations of the system. It has been developed in Graphical User Interface in MATLAB and gives opportunity for selecting some parameters from tables such as: agro- physical soil properties, characteristics of the corresponding crop, climatic data. It allows the user of the program to assume and set a definite value, for example the emitter discharge, plot parameters and etc. Eight cases of system layout according to the water source layout and the number of plots of the system operation are laid into hydraulic section of the program. It includes the design of lateral, manifold, main line and pump calculations. The program has been compiled to work in Windows.
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Shimazaki, Masahiko, Kaoru Sakurai, and Hirohisa Nesumi. "Practical Development of Small-Scale Solar Pump System for Drip Irrigation on Sloping Land." Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 20, no. 1 (2014): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.20_1_43.
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Sharu, Eddy Herman, and Mohd Shahrizal Ab Razak. "Hydraulic Performance and Modelling of Pressurized Drip Irrigation System." Water 12, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082295.
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This study was conducted at Laman Sayur, Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (MAEPS), to investigate the hydraulic performance of a small-scale drip irrigation system. The modelling was carried out using EPANET software to understand how the drip irrigation system is operated. Model results show that the errors are small, i.e., 2.2% and 3.0% for pressures, and 1.7% for discharge in lateral pipe 1 and lateral pipe 2. The root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean bias error (MBE) for discharge were recorded at 0.04 L/h and 0.03 L/h for lateral pipe 1 and 0.04 L/h and 0.02 L/h for lateral pipe 2. RMSE and MBE for pressure were recorded at 0.61 m and 0.68 m for lateral pipe 1, and 0.79 m and 0.68 m for lateral pipe 2, respectively. These results show that the model yields good performance. For hydraulic performance, the field measurement was conducted with four operating pressures: P1 (15.3), P2 (20.4), P3 (25.5), and P4 (28.6) meters. The hydraulic parameters evaluated were the coefficient of uniformity (CU), the emission uniformity (EU), the coefficient of variation (CV), and the emitter flow variation (EFV). The operating pressure during the measurement is constant according to the specified pressure. The results show that CU, CV, and EU are in the excellent classification, and values of CU and EU have more than 95% efficiency. The value for CV is below 0.03, which is excellent. The EFV is 10% when operating at 25.5 m and 15.3 m and is considered desirable. On the other hand, for the 28.6 m and 15.3 m operating pressures, the EFV parameters were recorded at 13.6% and 10.29%, respectively, and are classified acceptable. This study concluded that the operating pressures, P2 (20.4 m) and P3 (25.5 m), were performed under excellent classification for all hydraulic parameters evaluated. Based on the outputs from the model, it is inferred that the existing drip irrigation system at Laman Sayur MAEPS is operated in an over-powered state. With the current pump power consumption, the irrigation system could be operated at a minimum of four times the capacity of the existing irrigation system. To reduce the power consumption, it is suggested that the system is operated at a lower pumping power. This would minimize the operating costs especially for the development of a new drip irrigation system that has the same capacity as the drip irrigation system that is currently being operated at Laman Sayur, MAEPS Serdang.
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Silveira, Vander Fabio, Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira, Laís Fernanda Juchem do Nascimento, Luciene Kazue Tokura, Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Alovisi, Marcio Antonio Vilas Boas, Carlos Eduardo Camargo Nogueira, et al. "Comparative study of drip irrigation systems using indoor amorphous photovoltaic panels." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 25, 2021): e125101119288. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19288.
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Solar energy is a clean and renewable energy production option and can be applied to pumping water. Pumping water with photovoltaic solar energy is one of the technologies that has stood out in the country. In this context, the work aimed to evaluate the different methods of a drip irrigation system as a function of the use of an indoor amorphous photovoltaic pumping system, without electrical energy storage. The study was installed at the State University of Western Paraná. Voltage and current data were generated by the photovoltaic panels; solar irradiation was measured by the pyranometer device; the water pump flow rate was determined using the flow meter and in-line drip tube types. Irrigation performance was determined by the water distribution uniformity coefficients (CUD) and Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient (CUC). Tests were performed on open and partially cloudy days. The experiment totaled 40 sampled data, half being collected on sunny days and the other half on partially cloudy days, at 9:45 am; 11:00 am; 1:30 pm and 3:00 pm. The methodology had the greatest influence on the CUD value. For the CUC parameter, the values were approximately 89% for the studied methods. Values remained under control for the Shewhart graph, but with the process capacity index affected.
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Polak, P. "Water and the other three revolutions needed to end rural poverty." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 8 (April 1, 2005): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0243.
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Eight hundred million of the current 1.1 billion people who earn less than a dollar-a-day live in rural areas in developing countries. Since more than 550 million of them earn their living from agriculture, poverty eradication depends on increasing their income from farming. The millennium goals for hunger and poverty in the semi-arid tropics will not be met without four simultaneous revolutions. A revolution in water is needed to develop and mass disseminate a whole range of new affordable small plot irrigation technology. A revolution in agriculture is required to enable smallholders to produce a variety of high value marketable labor intensive cash crops. A revolution in markets is needed to open access to inputs and to profitable markets for their high value crops, incorporating effective strategies for aggregation, quality control, and decentralized added value processing. Finally, a revolution in design based on the ruthless pursuit of affordability is needed to support the other three revolutions. This paper describes the rapidly growing micro-irrigation revolution exemplified by the $250 million in new net annual income now being earned by Treadle Pump farmers, and outlines the key features of the other three revolutions required to meet millennium poverty goals.
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Mangisoni, Julius H. "Impact of treadle pump irrigation technology on smallholder poverty and food security in Malawi: a case study of Blantyre and Mchinji districts." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 6, no. 4 (January 2008): 248–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/ijas.2008.0306.
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Haupenthal, Soni Willian, Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira, Luciene Kazue Tokura, Carlos Eduardo Camargo Nogueira, Marcio Antonio Vilas-Boas, Lai Fernanda Juchem do Nascimento, and Everton Ortiz Rocha. "Evaluation of a Photovoltaic Energy System Applied to a Drip Irrigation System." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 8 (July 10, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n8p43.
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This work aimed to evaluate the performance of a drip irrigation system with photovoltaic energy directly connected to the water pumping system through the irrigation uniformity coefficients using the statistical quality control, with the control chart of Shewhart. The experiment was conducted at the State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE), campus of Cascavel, in the Project CASA (Center of Alternative Energy System Analysis), during six days of open sky. The irrigation system contained four lines with 18 drippers each, collecting the flow of each dripper for five minutes, along with the parameters of temperature and solar radiation. In the energy part, the current and the voltage generated by the panel were analyzed. The main results allowed to evaluate that the flows of the drippers showed changes directly proportional to the decrease or increase of the radiation. Even with the changes in radiation levels during the collection period, the system obtained excellent process capability according to the analyzes of the distribution uniformities. It was also concluded that there was a significant relationship between the coefficients (CUC, DUC and CV) with the process capacity of the flow data. The control plot was adequate to diagnose the treatments. Statistical control proved to be effective for the determination of process variability, thus recommending the use of a drip irrigation system with a solar photovoltaic system directly connected to the pump on open sky days with few clouds due to the lower variability in relation to the graph of control and greater uniformity of water distribution.
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Das, Dwarika Mohan, and Rashmita Toppo. "Feasibility Study of 0.1 HP NanoSolar Pump with Gravity based Drip Irrigation System for Vegetable Cultivation." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 06 (June 10, 2018): 3825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.450.
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Rejekiningrum, P., Y. Apriyana, and Harmanto. "The application of solar water pump for drip irrigation to increase shallot yield on dry land." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 648, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012091.
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Chang, Dwayne, Rustom P. Manecksha, Konstantinos Syrrakos, and Nathan Lawrentschuk. "An Investigation of the Basic Physics of Irrigation in Urology and the Role of Automated Pump Irrigation in Cystoscopy." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/476759.
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Objective. To investigate the effects of height, external pressure, and bladder fullness on the flow rate in continuous, non-continuous cystoscopy and the automated irrigation fluid pumping system (AIFPS).Materials. Each experiment had two 2-litre 0.9% saline bags connected to a continuous, non-continuous cystoscope or AIFPS via irrigation tubing. Other equipment included height-adjustable drip poles, uroflowmetry devices, and model bladders.Methods. In Experiment 1, saline bags were elevated to measure the increment in flow rate. In Experiment 2, saline bags were placed under external pressures to evaluate the effect on flow rate. In Experiment 3, flow rate changes in response to variable bladder fullness were measured.Results. Elevating saline bags caused an increase in flow rates, however the increment slowed down beyond a height of 80 cm. Increase in external pressure on saline bags elevated flow rates, but inconsistently. A fuller bladder led to a decrease in flow rates. In all experiments, the AIFPS posted consistent flow rates.Conclusions. Traditional irrigation systems were susceptible to changes in height of irrigation solution, external pressure application, and bladder fullness thus creating inconsistent flow rates. The AIFPS produced consistent flow rates and was not affected by any of the factors investigated in the study.
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Elnemr, Moataz. "EVALUATION OF AN AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM WITH DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM SHOWING POOR HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE." INMATEH Agricultural Engineering 60, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-60-18.
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A field experiment was conducted with the purpose of testing and evaluating the use of a closed-loop, real-time control system which was developed by (Elnemr M.K., 2017) for application to a poor hydraulic performance drip irrigation system with sandy loam soil cultivated with cucumber crop. This control system collects soil moisture data through three sensors distributed along each third of the lateral. The control system was based on calculating the average soil moisture content (MC) of the three readings and using it as an indicator to start or stop irrigation process according to the requirements of the plant. The control system will start the pump after the depletion of allowed MC percentage of available water which is one of the required inputs to operate the control system. The irrigation process continues until reaching the field capacity (FC) value. The study compared two management methods for the irrigation system. First one was using the proposed control system (Aum) and the other one was manual operation based on calculating water requirement from climatic data (Clm). Using the proposed control system led to increase cucumber crop production by 23.8% of Clm productivity. The control system led to save water and seasonal irrigation time. This led to increase water productivity and energy use efficiency of Aum if compared to Clm by 41.71% and 110% respectively. Despite the added cost to the irrigation system because of the control system, the benefit/cost ratio for Aum was higher by 24.39% due to the decrease in energy and labour costs in addition to the increase in crop production. The study recommended using the researched control system with drip irrigation systems which show poor hydraulic performance to reduce negative effects on crop production and to reach more efficient use for both water and energy with keeping the opportunity to increase benefit/cost ratio. Further studies should be done on the system with drip irrigation system that work under acceptable ranges of hydraulic performance. Also, further studies should be done to investigate the most effective and suitable distribution of the sensors along lateral.
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Абделфаттах, Ахмед, Ahmed Abdelfattah, Борис Иванов, Boris Ivanov, Булат Зиганшин, and Bulat Ziganshin. "INVESTIGATION OF SOME PARAMETERS OF DRIP IRRIGATION BY HYDRAULIC EVALUATION OF DROPPERS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d3e16a2797c33.30469219.
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The results of laboratory studies of the proposed drip irrigation system are given. Five different types of droppers have been investigated to quantify the hydraulic characteristics. The dependences of the uniformity of water flow through droppers with a change in the working pressure in the system are obtained. Laboratory studies of the experimental facility were carried out at the training and demonstration center of Kazan State Agrarian University. The experimental installation consists of a storage tank, a submersible pump, five P.V.C. main pipes with a length of 3 m and a diameter of 16 mm, stop valves of a drip line, pressure gauges, a main stop valve, a collector line, a return line, and droppers. Before starting the experiments, air was removed from the system and pressure at the inlet to each main pipe was adjusted to the required value. Immediately under each drip, 500 ml volumetric containers were placed to determine the volume of leaked water in two minutes. Significant uniformity of water consumption and the smallest deviations from the specified nominal flow rate were achieved with type A and C droppers (with pressure compensation) at an operating pressure of 0.2 MPa; with type B droppers (also with pressure compensation), water flow uniformity decreased with increasing pressure. The results of the research show that pressure-compensated droppers are less sensitive to pressure changes with an operating pressure of 0.35 MPa. Water consumption (q) for type A droppers increased by 5.27%, B - by 27.3% and C - by 9.1%. Dropper type D and E have the lowest uniformity of water flow at different pressure levels. Under actual irrigation conditions, it is recommended to install pressure gauges not only in the collector line, but also on the main pipes (preferably at the end of each main pipe) to determine the differential and pressure losses in the system.
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Mejeed, Raghad Ali, Samah Shyaa Oudah, and Rasha Yasen Abed. "Design of solar photovoltaic pressurized drip irrigation pumping system at al-salman district in samawa governorate." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1628-1637.
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The seasonal climate changes have direct effects on determination of crop water requirement, irrigation scheduling and the potential of solar energy generation to operate the pumping system for watering crops. This research paper studied the technical evaluation of solar pumping and pressurized drip irrigation systems to investigate the recommended water required for suggested tomatoes crop in area of (one hectare) at AL-Salman district using measured climatic data from AL-Salman Agro-meteorological weather station for a period (2013-2017). The maximum average monthly of solar radiation was 7.6 kWh/m<sup>2 </sup>at June in all the years of recording data, while the minimum average monthly value was 3.37kWh/m<sup>2</sup> at December where the sun at lowest point across the sky. The annual average hours of peak sun that corresponds to the operation time of the pumping system at maximum water consumption was calculated at eight months from March to October with a value of 7.2 hours/day, while it was 5.2 hours/day during the other four months (January, February, November and December). The Solar pumping sizing based on H-Q performance curve of a maximum flow rate of 64.45 m3/h and pump capacity of 16.79 kW with compounds motor pump efficiency of 61.2%. The total water production was 230000 m³/per year which indicates compatible overall system design and adequate to irrigate more planting land with same or other crop types.
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Onwuegbunam, D. O., G. Z. Nayan, T. M. A. Olayanju, and N. E. Onwuegbunam. "Effects of operating pressure, lateral length and irrigation period on the fuel consumption of a centrifugal pump in a pressurized drip irrigation system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 445 (March 27, 2020): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/445/1/012024.
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Kose, Faruk, Muharrem Aksoy, and Muammer Ozgoren. "Experimental investigation of solar/wind hybrid system for irrigation in Konya, Turkey." Thermal Science 23, no. 6 Part B (2019): 4129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180515293k.
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In this study, an experimental research for agricultural irrigation was completed for a renewable hybrid power generation system consisting of photovoltaic panels and wind turbine which can be considered as an alternative to Diesel generators used for pumping applications. Generated electricity was used to power a 300 W DC-driven submersible pump at 2.5 m depth of the ground level. Overall efficiencies of the wind turbine and cell efficiencies of the photovoltaic panels in July 2011 were calculated as 33.3% and 10.07%, respectively. It was observed that the daily mean of produced electricity by the system in July was enough to pump daily average 44.1 m3/day of water from the depth of 2.5 m and totally 1368 m3 of water during the month. It was calculated that the amount of pumped water is sufficient to meet water need of the agricultural products that were 12.4 decares of sugar beet, 13.0 decares of potatoes, 13.4 decares for corn, 13.6 decares green bean and 10.8 decares for sun flower with the drip irrigation method. It was demonstrated that the renewable hybrid energy system enables to save the 10410 USD on energy in twenty-year period after the basic payback period of 5.7 years. In addition, the net present value and internal rate of return of the project were found to be 7361 USD and 12.6%, respectively.
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Foteinis, Spyros, Maria Hatzisymeon, Alistair G. L. Borthwick, and Efthalia Chatzisymeon. "Environmental Impacts of Conventional versus Organic Eggplant Cultivation Systems: Influence of Electricity Mix, Yield, Over-Fertilization, and Transportation." Environments 8, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8030023.
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We report a comparative environmental study of organic and conventional open-field eggplant cultivation systems under Mediterranean (northern Greece) climatic conditions. Actual life cycle inventory (LCI) data were collected from local farm systems. Using life cycle assessment (LCA), organic eggplant cultivation exhibited better environmental performance per unit area (24.15% lower total environmental footprint compared to conventional cultivation), but conventional cultivation performed better per unit of mass (28.10% lower total environmental footprint compared to organic cultivation). The conventional system attained higher scores in eutrophication (up to 37.12%) and ecotoxicity (up to 83.00%) midpoint impact categories, due to the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide. This highlights the need for spatially explicit LCA that accounts for local environmental impacts at the local scale. For both cultivation systems, the main environmental hotspot was groundwater abstraction for irrigation owing to its infrastructure (drip irrigation pipes and pump) and electricity consumption from the fossil fuel-dependent energy mix in Greece. Excessive addition of soil fertilizer greatly affected the environmental sustainability of both systems, especially conventional cultivation, indicating an urgent need for fertilizer guidelines that enhance environmentally sustainable agricultural practice worldwide. Results were sensitive to lower marketable fruit yield, with the organic system performing better in terms of environmental relevance with respect to maximum yield. When renewable energy sources (RES) were used to drive irrigation, both systems exhibited reductions in total environmental footprint, suggesting that RES could help decarbonise the agricultural sector. Finally, eggplant transportation greatly affected the environmental sustainability of both cultivation systems, confirming that local production and consumption are important perquisites for environmental sustainability of agricultural products.
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Popov, V. M., M. M. Targoniy, and N. V. Soroka. "The efficiency of modernization of the on-farm irrigation network based on the principle of self-regulation." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202002-257.
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Relevance of research. The research is aimed at substantiating the effectiveness of the principle of self-regulation on closed irrigation systems (CIS) with sprinkling machine (SM) with the use of daily regulation pools (DRP) and "pull" pressure regulators when modernizing them.
Aim and objectives of research. The aim of the research is to reduce the energy intensity of water supply for irrigation by increasing pump load rates (PLR) of pumping stations (PS) and expanding the area of irrigation when modernizing and reconstructing closed irrigation networks (CIS). The construction of self-regulating CIS reduces accidental disturbances in the form of discrete changes in volumetric water flow rates generated by pumping units (PU) of PS, which minimizes unproductive discharges of water from distribution canals when performing inter-farm water distribution.
Research methods: experimental, mathematical modeling and mathematical statistics.
Research results. To substantiate the effectiveness of self-regulation, the results of experimental studies conducted in the operating area of the distribution canal R-1 with machine water supply of Kakhovska Irrigation System, aimed at determining the hydraulic characteristics of existing CIS, energy characteristics of PU of PS. Statistical characteristics of water supply and power consumption processes on CIS equipped with SM from the PS13-R-1, which is equipped with four PU of 250QVD570-50 brand with diameters of rotor wheels Drw = 540 mm and drive motors of 1N435Z-4 brand with a capacity of 400 kW. PS operates on the CIS equipped with SM "Frigate" and drip irrigation system and serves two water users on a total area of 1036.0 hectares.
To determine the statistical characteristics of the processes of water supply and power consumption, the graphs of pumped water volumes and the graphs of electricity obtained using electricity meters "ORION-01", as well as the graphs of planned water supply, built on daily applications for water use, are used. The logical-mathematical model of operative control of water supply on self-regulating CIS with application of DRP and “pull” pressure regulators is given. The substantiation of the efficiency of water supply management on the modernized CIS from PS13-R-1 was carried out using a mathematical model. Key words: self-regulation, modernization, closed irrigation system, daily regulation pool, statistical characteristics, water supply process, pump unit.
Conclusions: The efficiency of the construction of self-regulating CISs with SMs with the use of daily regulation pools (DRP) and "pull" pressure regulators has been proved. Modernization and reconstruction of CISs on the principles of self-regulation provides: expansion of irrigation areas, reduction of energy consumption in water supply, coordination of water distribution management on open inter-farm and closed in-farm irrigation network, which enables to minimize non-technological water discharges from distribution channels and to prevent wasteful consumption of electricity for its pumping by the main water intake pumping stations.
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Amuddin, Amuddin, and Joko Sumarsono. "RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN DENGAN POMPA OTOMATIS SISTEM IRIGASI TETES PADA LAHAN KERING (Design Tools Watering Plants With Automatic Pump to Drips Irrigation System For Dry Land)." Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan Biosistem 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jrpb.v3i1.8.
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This study aims to (1) Designing wake automatic watering equipment on dry land, (2) Determine the effective and efficient manner, (3) Knowing more specific performance in the use of electrical power. The benefits of this research (1) automated tool that can help overcome the shortage of water in the dry season in dry land, (2) helping farmers in overcoming problems crop irrigation in the dry season / dry, (3) scientific knowledge in automation watering drip irrigation system with pump solar energy as renewable energy. The research was conducted in the village of Batu Layar Sandik District of West Lombok in April 2011 to October 2011. This study uses an experimental method with the following steps: (a) Stage Design, (b) the assembly stage and followed by (c) Phase characterization automatic watering tool. At the stage of design executed by: measuring the ambient temperature (0C), measure wind speed (km / h), determine to what size of pump power (watts); followed by stages of assembly. Then proceed with step kerakterisasi automatic watering tool in the characterization of applying completely randomized design (CRD) factorial design composed 8 treatment. The first factor is the rotation of the motor pump with 4 variations of rotation, namely (1600, 1800, 2200 and 2400 rpm). Each treatment each repeated 3 times. While the provision of irrigation water treatment drops on each network is divided into blocks, namely (I, II, III and IV blocks) are taken based on the treatment of the above factors. Each treatment was observed parameters-parameters of chilli crop water requirements. The parameters characterizing automatic sprinklers include: efficiency of crop water requirements and water use efficiency in total. Results showed (1) automatic watering device can regulate the amount and uniformity of discharge of water droplets in every hole in the use of water for plants drip irrigation system with an average of (± 0.5632 liters /crop), the one-time watering at each plants with 2400 rpm motor pump. (2) System drip irrigation watering holes aimed directly at the plant, the amount of water used is very small. So that the area can be watered plants covering an area of 1.74 mx 2.09 m = 3.6366 m2 / plot. With a total land area is tested for this type of tomato plant and a land area of 39.78 ± m2 for the type of chilli plants, bringing the total land area of ± 68.21 m2 on the pump discharge position of ±72.50578 liters/minute, and then flowed through 6 Fruit of the pipeline with the average number ±12.084297 liters perpipe on each plot. While in the pipeline, there are 16 pieces of water drain holes are directed at each plant to remove water in the respective holes per hole ± 0.755268542 liters/minute. (3) The electric power is used to drive the pump motor in this study is similar to the output ±0.336796 HP the uotput equal to ±0.336796 HP x 0.7457 kWatt = 251.25 watts, where as the unused power of ± 1.333333 watts with efisiensin power to the pump motor power calculation is divided power is used together with efficiency = 251.25 watts/1.333333 watts x 100% = 18843.75%.
Keywords: chili, dry land, automatic watering
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Merancang bangun peralatan penyiraman otomatis pada lahan kering, (2) Menentukan cara yang efektif dan efisien, (3) Mengetahui unjuk kerja yang lebih spesifik dalam penggunaan daya listrik. Manfaat penelitian ini (1) Alat otomatis yang dapat membantu mengatasi kekurangan air pada musim kemarau di lahan kering, (2) membantu petani dalam mengatasi masalah pengairan tanaman pada musim kemarau/kering, (3) pengetahuan ilmiah dalam otomatisasi penyiraman sistem irigasi tetes dengan pompa energi surya sebagai energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini di lakukan di Desa Sandik Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat pada bulan April 2011 sampai Oktober 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan tahapan: (a) Tahap Rancang Bangun, (b) Tahap perakitan dan dilanjutkan dengan (c) Tahap karakterisasi alat penyiraman otomatis. Pada tahapan rancang bangun dilaksanakan dengan: mengukur temperatur lingkungan (0C), mengukur kecepatan angin (km/jam), menenetukan ukuran daya pompa (watt); dilanjutkan dengan tahapan perakitan. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan tahap kerakterisasi alat penyiraman otomatis Dalam karakterisasi menerapkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) rancangan faktorial yang disusun 8 perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah putaran motor pompa dengan 4 variasi putaran yaitu (1600, 1800 , 2200 dan 2400 rpm). Setiap perlakuan masing-masing diulang 3 kali. Sedangkan perlakuan pemberian air irigasi tetes pada setiap jaringan dibagi dalam blok yaitu (I, II, III dan IV blok) yang diambil berdasarkan perlakuan dari faktor diatas. Setiap perlakuan diamati parameter-perameter kebutuhan air tanaman cabe. Adapun parameter-parameter karakterisasi alat penyiram otomatis meliputi: efisiensi kebutuhan air tanaman dan efisiensi penggunaan air total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Alat penyiraman otomatis ini dapat mengatur jumlah dan keseragaman debit tetesan air disetiap lubang dalam penggunaan air untuk tanaman sistem irigasi tetes dengan rata-rata sebesar (±0,5632 liter/tan), dalam satu kali penyiraman pada setiap tanaman dengan putaran motor pompa 2400 rpm. (2) Sistem penyiraman irigasi tetes diarahkan tepat pada lubang tanaman, dengan jumlah air yang digunakan sangat kecil. Sehingga luas areal tanaman yang dapat disirami seluas 1,74 m x 2,09 m=3,6366 m2/petak. Dengan total luas lahan yang dicobakan untuk jenis tanaman tomat dan luas lahan sebesar ±39,78 m2 untuk jenis tanaman cabe, sehingga total luas lahan sebesar ±68,21 m2 pada posisi debit pompa sebesar ±72,50578 liter/menit, kemudian dialirkan melalui 6 buah pipa penyalur dengan jumlah rata ±12,084297 liter per pipa pada masing-masing petak. Sedangkan dalam satu pipa terdapat 16 buah lubang pengeluaran air yang diarahkan pada tiap-tiap tanaman dengan mengeluarkan air dimasing-masing lubang ±0,755268542 liter per lubang/menit. (3) Daya listrik yang digunakan untuk menggerakkan motor pompa dalam penelitian ini adalah 0,336796 HP dengan keluaran setara 0,336796 HP x 0,7457 Kwatt = 251,25 watt, sedangkan daya listrik yang terpakai sebesar ±1,333333 watt dengan efisiensi daya dengan perhitungan daya motor pompa dibagi daya listrik yang digunakan sama dengan efisiensi = 251,25 watt/1,333333 watt x 100% = 18843,75%.
Kata kunci: cabe, lahan kering, penyiraman otomatis
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Oliveira, Marcus Vinicius Araujo Mello de, Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas, Carlos Jesus Baca Garcia, and Fernanda Regina Nascimento. "UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE POTÁSSIO NUM SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO QUANDO APLICADO POR DIFERENTES INJETORES." IRRIGA 8, no. 3 (December 4, 2003): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2003v8n3p234-241.
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UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE POTÁSSIO NUM SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO QUANDO APLICADO POR DIFERENTES INJETORES Marcus Vinicius Araujo Mello de Oliveira¹Roberto Lyra Villas BoasCarlos Jesus Baca GarciaFernanda Regina NascimentoDepartamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: mvamol@fca.unesp.br 1 RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou comparar a uniformidade de distribuição do potássio em um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento quando utilizado um injetor venturi, uma bomba elétrica Multifertic e uma bomba injetora hidráulica proporcional Dosmatic, ambas de pistão. O experimento foi conduzido na área de experimentação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Unesp campus de Botucatu – SP. Foram escolhidos quatro tempos de injeção: 10, 15, 20 e 25 minutos; sendo recolhidas amostras de solução em diferentes momentos durante e após a injeção do produto. As amostras coletadas tiveram seu teor de potássio determinado via fotometria de chama. Com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: 1) não ocorreu variação significativa na uniformidade de distribuição do potássio devido aos injetores utilizados; 2) maiores tempos de injeção possibilitam melhores uniformidades de distribuição, sendo que para sistemas com 200 m de linhas laterais tempos a partir de 20 minutos de injeção podem ser empregados e 3) não houve influência da concentração inicial no tempo de estabilização da fertirrigação. UNITERMOS: fertirrigação, injetores de fertilizantes, injetor venturi, bombas injetoras, distribuição de fertilizantes. OLIVEIRA,M. V. M. de; VILLAS BOAS, R. L.; BACA, C. J. G.; FARIAS, M. F. de; DALRI, A. B.; LEITE JUNIOR, J. B.; NASCIMENTO, F. R. DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY OF POTASSIUM IN DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM WHEN APPLIED BY DIFFERENT FERTILIZER INJECTORS 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this paper was to compare the potassium distribution uniformity when applied using three fertilizer injectors in field conditions. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Rural Engineering Department, Agricultural Science College – UNESP, in Botucatu – SP. A venturi injector, an electrical pump and a proportional hydraulic pump were the equipments used for fertilizer injection. Four-injection time periods (10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes) have been chosen to study potassium distribution uniformity. The solution samples were picked up in different moments over and after the product injection. The sample potassium contents were measured using flame photometry. According to the obtained results the conclusions were as follows: 1) there was no difference in potassium distribution uniformity among the injectors, 2) longer injection intervals enable better distribution uniformity and irrigation systems with 200 m length lateral lines can use 20-minute minimum injection intervals and 3) there was no influence of initial concentration on fertigation stabilization time. KEYWORDS: fertigation, fertilizers injection, venturi injector, injector pump, fertilizer distribution
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Silva, Francisca Valdelice Pereira, Hernandes Oliveira Feitosa, Claudio Faustino Pereira, João Alvino Sampaio Silva, and Erialdo Oliveira Feitosa. "POTENCIAL DE ENERGIA SOLAR PARA A IRRIGAÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE BARBALHA-CE." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 32, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2017v32n1p57-64.
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Atualmente há uma preocupação na utilização de energia solar como meios alternativos, tendo em vista a viabilidade para implantação dos sistemas fotovoltaicos. Sendo de extrema importância nos tempos atuais devido à necessidade de utilização de novas fontes de energia renováveis. O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a viabilidade econômica do uso da energia solar na agricultura familiar irrigada no município de Barbalha. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de dados coletados na Estação Climatológica, localizada em Barbalha, numa série histórica de 30 anos, esses dados foram inserido num programa computacional Retscreen para analisar a viabilidade de projetos, foi feita uma simulaçao do sistema fotovoltaico para geração de energia acionando um conjunto motobomba de 1,0 cv para transportar água a uma caixa com capacidade de 1000 l á 6 m de altura, em seguida será realizada a irrigação por gotejamento de forma gravitacional numa área de 1 há cultivado com milho. Os resultados foram que o sistema só terá um retorno financeiro em 18,5 anos, passando essa energia solar para os agricultores verificamos que somando todos os custos do agricultor será de R$ 7710,00 com uma receita bruta de R$ 11963,52 durante dez meses período em que se podem cultivar dois ciclos de milho irrigado, obtendo uma receita liquida de R$ 4253,52. Assim, o agricultor poderá pagar o investimento da energia fotovoltaica em menos tempo. O sistema mostra-se vantajoso nestes aspectos e abre uma interessante perspectiva de aproveitamento mais eficiente da energia solar na irrigação.Palavras-chave: energia solar; sistemas fotovoltaicos; viabilidade econômica. SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BARBALHA-CEAbstract: Currently there is concern in the use of solar energy as alternative means in order to implement the viability of PV systems. It is of paramount importance in the present times due to the necessity of use of new renewable energy sources. The aim of this study is to analyze the economic feasibility of using solar energy in irrigated family farming in the municipality of Barbalha. The work was developed from data collected in the Climatological Station, located in Barbalha, a historical series of 30 years, this data is inserted into a computer program Retscreen Software to analyze the feasibility of projects, it was made a Simulation of the photovoltaic system for generating energy driving a pump of 1.0 hp to carry water to a box with 1000 l capacity with 6 m high, then will be held drip irrigation of gravity form an area of 1 is cultivated with milho.Os results were the system will only have a financial return approximately 18.5 years, passing this energy for farmers we found that adding all the farmer's cost will be R $ 7,710.00 with gross revenues of R $ 11,963.52 for ten month period in that can grow two cycles of irrigated corn, obtaining a net income of R $ 4,253.52. Thus, the farmer can afford the investment of photovoltaics in less time. The system seems advantageous in these aspects and opens an interesting perspective more efficient use of solar energy for irrigation. Keywords: solar energy; photovoltaics; economic viabilit.
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Zulbahri, Zulbahri, Darwin Darwin, and Devianti Devianti. "Pengaruh Berbagai Macam Nilai EC (elektrical Condoktivity) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tomat Ceri ( Lycopersicum Esculentum) Dengan Aplikasi Hidroponik Fertigasi Sistem DFT ( Deep Flow Technique)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i4.12727.
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Abstrak. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk yang sangat pesat mengakibatkan berkurangnya lahan-lahan pertanian yang sehat, akibat penggunaan yang intensif tanpa diikuti dengan sistem pemupukan yang berimbang. Hal itu mengakibatkan produksi dari sektor pertanian menurun juga berpengaruh pada kondisi ekonomi para petani. Teknologi-teknologi yang dikembangkan manusia untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah seperti budidaya tanaman dengan sistem hidroponik, sistem fertigasi, sistem irigasi tetes dan lainnya. Untuk menjaga stabilitas pertumbuhan tanaman tomat ceri secara hidroponik, suplai hara merupakan suatu keharusan. Unsur hara tersebut diberikan dalam bentuk larutan nutrisi. Alat yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah baki persemaian, tangki penampung larutan nutrisi, pompa air, TDS/EC meter, pH meter, thermometer, timbangan analitik, jangka sorong, gelas ukur, tali penyangga tanaman, alat pengukur tinggi tanaman, pipa penyalur distribusi nutrisi, pipa lateral, dan alat pendukung lainnya. Bahan yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah benih tomat ceri, dan larutan nutrisi, rumus yang digunakan untuk menghitung nilai ET0 adalah persamaan Penman mouteid. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut : Nilai EC yang baik untuk pertumbuhan tomat ceri adalah 1,3 mS/cm dibandingkan dengan perlakuan-perlakuan yang lain. Nilai evapotraspirasi Acuan (ETp) rata-rata selama penelitian adalah 3,98 mm/hariEffect of Various EC Values on the Growth of Cherry Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) with Application of Hydroponic Fermentation DFT system (Deep Flow TechniqueAbstract. A very rapid increase in population resulted in a decrease in healthy agricultural lands, due to intensive use without being followed by a balanced fertilization system. This resulted in decreased production from the agricultural sector which also affected the economic conditions of the farmers. Technologies developed by humans to overcome this are as cultivation of plants with a hydroponic system, a fertigation system, a drip irrigation system, and others. To maintain the stability of hydroponic cherry tomato plant growth, nutrient supply is a must. These nutrients are given in the form of nutrient solution. The tools that will be used in this study are the nursery tray, nutrient solution storage tank, water pump, TDS / EC meter, pH meter, thermometer, analytical balance, slide calipers, measuring cups, plant support straps, plant height gauges, distribution pipelines nutrition, lateral pipes, and other supporting tools. The material to be used in this research is cherry tomato seeds, and nutrient solution, the formula used to calculate the ET0 value is the Penman mouthed equation. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted can be concluded as follows: A good EC value for the growth of cherry tomatoes is 1.3 mS/cm compared to other treatments. The mean reference evapotranspiration (ETp) value during the study was 3.98 mm / day.
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Ton, Giel, Stuart Taylor, Sudip Mahapatra, and Joost Vlaming. "Poverty Impacts of Irrigation Technology Supply and Horticulture Development: Income Impact of Treadle Pumps and Drip-Kits in Successive Client Cohorts in Nepal, Zambia and Ethiopia." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2264157.
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RAHMAN, ATIQUR, ASHUTOSH UPADHYAYA, and BP BHATT. "Treadle pump: A low cost irrigation option for marginal farmers." Journal of AgriSearch 5, no. 03 (August 29, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.21921/jas.5.3.10.
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The population of marginal farmers in India is bound to increase due to continued division of farm holdings. Characteristically, marginal farmers are having more family labours but the production and productivity of their land holdings is low. The foremost reason behind this is the erratic rainfall and lack of assure supplementary irrigation during long dry spells. This paper presents the scope and applicability of a diaphragm based treadle pump in Bihar where groundwater is abundant and available at shallow depths round the year. Therefore, this pump could be very useful for marginal farmers in improving production and productivity of their tiny piece of land, as it uses human power and can be operated by male and female of age group 32- 45 years and lifts water from a depth ranging from 0- 30 feet. The water saving technologies such as bucket kit drum kit etc. could be used with this pump to irrigate the crops with high water productivity.
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Gayathri, M., D. Arun Shunmugam, and A. Ishwariya. "Smart Irrigation System using IoT." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.37082/ijirmps.2021.v09i03.027.
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In this work we use drip irrigation where the water was allowed to drip slowly to the roots of plant either from above the soil surface or buried into the surface so that the water can be placed directly into the root zone and minimize evaporation. It uses temperature sensor, soil humidity sensor to collect and monitor field information and also uses float switches to monitor ground water level through web page. When the field gets dry and ground water level falls down it will be notified through SMS. This provides a solution for the problems in developing a smart farming system. It uses node MCU, relay and water pump.
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"Smart Irrigation System Using GPRS and Moisture Sensor." International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management, June 30, 2020, 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.35291/2454-9150.2020.0461.
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With the advent of globalization, urbanization and modernization, water degradation has become an major concern today. Farming in India is still done as per traditional method that requires plenty of usage of water. Drip system has resolved this issue to some extent. But this system has suffered with overhead of continuous parameter checking and manual control. This paper focuses on designing of a smart drip irrigation system that comprises of sensing the moisture of soil which automatically controls switching of pump and valve with low consumption of available power. Automatic sensing of parameters remotely controls the drip valves of system. User friendly interface allows irrigation control with ease and less efforts. The moisture sensor will continuously sense the moisture content in the soil. The temperature sensor continuously monitors the temperature and if it is above threshold value then spraying system will turn on which will reduce crop temperature.
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Lasisi, O., O. D. Isinkaye, and B. O. Fati. "Development of a Low-cost Drip Irrigation System." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, March 30, 2019, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2019/v33i330145.
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The localized irrigation is the artificial application of water to the root zone of plants for the purpose of supplying the essential moisture requirement for plant growth. The system makes the production and availability of food crops, citrus and vegetables possible throughout the year on small and medium scale basis at an affordable cost. In places and periods of water scarcity, low-cost drip irrigation can be used for the economic growing of vegetables, citrus and food crops all –round the year. This paper aimed at developing a low-cost drip irrigation system to empower the small and medium scale farmers to produce crops during offseason at minimum operational cost with less human efforts. The field area of 126.4 m2 was properly cleared, stumped, ploughed, harrowed and leveled. The leveling was carried out to allow unobstructed flow and evenly distribution of water to the root of plants. The system does not only reduce water loss but also conserve water during the period of scarcity. The controlled moisture available to the plant at low soil tension results in faster growth, higher yields, better quality and more environmentally and health friendly. The system improves the penetration of water into problematic soils and reduces substantially deep percolation and runoff losses. The system also saves water, money, time and makes provision for all- season farming. The topography of the field was flat with its suitable soil texture, texture, retention capacity and pump for this work was designed and selected to be 1 hp. The system was developed using a simple principle of water flow through gravity to drip out water at regulated interval to irrigate farmland. The drum has 214 litres capacity and 121 emitters. The total cost of production was estimated to be ₦50, 790 which is affordable by small and medium scale farmers.
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Bozzini, Alessandro. "VERTICAL SUB IRRIGATION." Journal of the Siena Academy of Sciences 9, no. 1 (October 12, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jsas.2017.7882.
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Since millennia, in areas of low rainfall, surface irrigation has been utilized. In 1959 the Israelian inventor Simcha Blass developed a patented very efficient plastic nozzle for dripping the irrigation water from plastic pipes over the crops cultivated soils. In occasion of a FAO project in Libya, this system was utilized for establishing a table grape plantation. In order to support each grape plant, instead of wood poles, plastic pipes of 5 cm diameter, 2.5 mt high were used, dipped into the soil some 50-60 cm, close to each plant. Out of 15 rows, 150 mt long, provided with the normal drip irrigation pipes, in 2 rows a technical modification of “drip irrigation” was used, in which the horizontal water pipe posed on the soil, with holes for dripping the water, was substituted with a normal plastic pipe, without holes, hanged on the plastic vertical poles. In this pipe, close to each grape plant, was made a small hole, in which was inserted a small plastic pipe (like the ones used for blood transfusions). The other side of these mini pipes were inserted into the big vertical plastic pipes used as a support to each plant vegetation, in order to convey the irrigation water deep into the soil. This system has been called “Vertical Subirrigation Technology”. In the summer of the third year of grape cultivation, the electric pump failed and, after a month, only the 2 rows with the modified system did not show any damage. This system was adopted in other FAO projects in the Near East, also for fertile-irrigation.
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"Investigating the Effect of Pressure on Water Leakage by Drip Irrigation without a Pump in Four Different Ejectors." Journal of Water and Soil Science 24, no. 1 (April 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/jwss.24.1.38113.
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Keisar, D., B. Eilan, and D. Greenblatt. "High Pressure Vertical Axis Wind Pump." Journal of Fluids Engineering 143, no. 5 (February 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4049692.
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Abstract A novel positive displacement, high pressure, vertical axis wind pump (HP-VAWP) was evaluated for the application of stand-alone high-pressure reverse-osmosis desalination and drip irrigation systems. The direct interface between a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) and a positive displacement pump that delivers a constant liquid volume per revolution has never been studied before. Understanding the interaction between turbine and pump efficiencies, where delivery pressure is determined by back-pressure alone, is critical for efficient design. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted on a small-scale two-bladed turbine (0.4 m2 cross-sectional area) that operated on a dynamic stall principle. At these small laboratory scales, the turbine and pump peak efficiencies were relatively low (15% and 28%, respectively); nevertheless, the system produced nearly constant pressures in excess of 1.5 bar for a broad operational range. Moreover, the system exhibited a basic self-priming capability, and the turbine could easily be braked by overloading the pump. A conservative field-scale analysis of an HP-VAWP system indicated that a medium-size turbine (12.5 m2 cross-sectional area) could attain a peak efficiency of 12.9%. Realistic efficiencies greater than 20% are attainable, significantly exceeding the 4%–8% typical peak efficiency of the widely used American multibladed wind pumps. Indeed, our research indicates that an HP-VAWP system is viable and requires further development. The benefits of zero carbon emissions during operation, high relative efficiency, and easy manufacturing and maintenance render the HP-VAWP ideal for stand-alone or off-grid environments.
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Ejigu, Mamuye Tebebal. "Solar-powered pump drip irrigation system modeling for establishing resilience livelihoods in South Omo zone and Afar regional state, Ethiopia." Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, August 10, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00927-2.
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Mehta, M. L., Ira Lohan, and Mukesh Jain. "Development of Solar Powered Micro-irrigation Applicator for Dryland Agriculture." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, June 16, 2020, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i1530711.
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In India, 58% of net sown area is under dryland agriculture, where rain is the only source of irrigation water. Sowing is usually done in dryland whenever the ground is wet due to rainfall. But, if there is no rainfall within 30-40 days after sowing, the crop will be under severe dry spell condition and many a times the crop fails due to which the farmer incurs heavy losses. To solve this problem, a solar operated micro-irrigation applicator was developed and tested at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, Haryana, India. The machine consists of body structure with inbuilt 500 litres capacity water storage tank, solar panels, battery, solar charger, mono-block pump set with DC motor, transportation wheel and drip irrigation system. Water has to be taken from the pond where rain water has been stored during rainy season. The machine works on solar power and can be installed anywhere in remote area. In the last week of January, 2019, at CCSHAU, Hisar, the average solar insolation was 948 W/m2 and the average voltage developed by the solar panels was 12.86 V. The average discharge rate of dripper and sprinkler were 79.9 and 640.2 ml/minute, respectively. The performance of the machine was evaluated in bottle gourd and it was found to be satisfactory to save the crop under dry spell conditions.