Journal articles: 'Drive cycle simulation'

1

Froberg, A., and L. Nielsen. "Efficient Drive Cycle Simulation." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 57, no. 3 (May 2008): 1442–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2007.907310.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Gang, Li, and Yang Zhi. "Energy saving control based on motor efficiency map for electric vehicleswith four-wheel independently driven in-wheel motors." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 8 (August 2018): 168781401879306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018793064.

Full text

Abstract:

For four-wheel independently driven in-wheel motor electric vehicles, the four-wheel drive/braking torque can be controlled independently. Therefore, it has an advantage that energy saving control can be applied effectively. This article studies several energy saving control methods from two levels of driving and braking for four-wheel independently driven in-wheel motor electric vehicles under urban conditions based on the motor efficiency map. First, the energy saving control logic and the evaluation index were proposed in the article. The four-wheel drive torque was online optimized in real time through drive energy saving control, in order to improve the driving efficiency in the driving process of electric vehicles. According to the theory of ideal braking force distribution and Economic Commission of Europe braking regulations, the parallel regenerative braking control method based on the motor efficiency map was then studied. The parallel regenerative braking control method was applied to four-wheel independently driven in-wheel motor electric vehicles. The simulation analysis under typical urban driving cycle conditions was carried out to determine the braking intensity of the parallel brake front axle separate regenerative braking, and finally the braking energy recovery rate of electric vehicle can be improved in the low speed and low braking torque. Finally, simulation experiments have been carried out to verify the researched method under the NEDC, UDDS, and J1015 urban driving cycles. The simulation results show that the energy saving control methods have an obvious effect on energy saving under the urban driving cycle conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Daya, Rohil, John Hoard, Sreedhar Chanda, and Maneet Singh. "Vehicle and Drive Cycle Simulation of a Vacuum Insulated Catalytic Converter." SAE International Journal of Engines 9, no. 3 (April 5, 2016): 1696–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0967.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Mujianto, Agus, Muhammad Nizam, and Inayati. "Series Plug in Hybrid Vehicle for Urban Driving Cycle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.510.

Full text

Abstract:

Urban area is the center of activities. Many people use the vehicle to cover the distance toward their activities places. In order to support the activities a large number of vehicles are moving in urban areas. Consequently, the consumption of fuel will increase from time to time and oil price has increased due to higher of demands. Thus, a plugin hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is proven as one of the best practical applications for transportation in order to reduce fuel consumption. One of the types of PHEV is a series PHEV (SPHEV). SPHEV is the simplest type of PHEV but still having higher efficiency of fuel than an internal combustion engine vehicle. This study was focused to discuss on the ability of SPHEV for covering distance and velocity of the urban drive cycle. Three driving cycles namely new European drive cycle (NEDC), extra urban driving cycle (EUDC), and EPA highway fuel economy cycle (HWFET) were used for the simulation using ADVISOR software to study performance of SPHEV. To achieve the best performance of SPHEV, the control strategy based on an artificial intelligence was purposed. The simulation was done by using SPHEV which consisted of15 kW battery, 41 kW engine, and 41 kW DC motor. The performance of SPHEV (fuel consumption and emission) was then compared to a gasoline engine vehicle (GEV). The results showed that SPHEV consumed less fuel and generated less emission during performing all drive cycles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Zhang, Xu, Yan Ma, Chun Mei Yang, and Li Fu. "Dynamic Analysis and Design of the Rhombic Drive of Stirling Engine." Advanced Materials Research 429 (January 2012): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.429.165.

Full text

Abstract:

The rhombic drive of Stirling engine has been designed in the article, and motion analysis have been carried out according with the requirements of mechanism design in structure. The kinematics mathematical models have been established for rhombic mechanism and the simulation analyses have been carried with the three-dimensional software for the rhombic drive. It makes a point out the optimum position relationship among the link of the rhombic drive during the four processes of the Stirling cycle, and has conducted a mathematical description of piston displacement, velocity and acceleration which drove by the rhombic drive. The simulation curves have showed the relative relationship of position, velocity and acceleration between the two pistons during the body movement. Based on these researches constructive ideas have been offered to improve the rhombic drive in the paper and laid the root for the optimal design of the Stirling engine in theory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Wen, Jing, Liang Chu, Jun Nian Wang, Jian Kun Yin, and Yan Bo Wang. "Motor Parameters Matching Based on Motor Loss Model and the Actual Drive Cycle of Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.154.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper describes a way of matching the traction motor’s continuous parameters without changing the vehicle’s power performance. First, the traction motor’s peak parameters were matched according to the power performance of the HEV. Second, using the statistical tool, the region of the continuous parameter is set according to traction motor working distribution under actual drive cycle. Third, the continuous parameters were matched according to the motor loss model and the motor test cycle. Finally, vehicle simulation is done in CRUISE, simulation results show HEV traction motor matched using this method can improve the economy performance of the vehicle under certain drive cycle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Vámosi, Attila, Levente Czégé, and Imre Kocsis. "Comparison of bus driving cycles elaborated for vehicle dynamic simulation." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.00153.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDue to the technological progress, new approaches such as model-based design are spreading in the development process in the automotive industry to meet the increased requirements related to lower fuel consumption and reduced emission. This work is part of a research project which focuses on dynamic modeling of vehicles aimed at analyzing and optimizing the emission and fuel consumption. To model the driver behavior, the simulation control algorithm requires a predetermined speed-time curve as an input. The completeness of this driving cycle is a crucial factor in the simulation, and as far as the legislative driving cycles are not accurate enough, it is indispensable to develop our own one representing our narrower area and driving conditions. This article considers two common drive cycle design methods, comparing the micro-trip-based approach and the Markov-chain approach. The new driving cycle has been developed applying the Markov-chain approach and compared to a driving cycle introduced in our recent paper using the micro-trip method. The comparison basis is the Speed-Acceleration Probability Distribution, which sufficiently reflects the dynamic behavior of the vehicle, and the root mean square error, including parameters such as the average speed, average cruising speed, average acceleration, average deceleration, root mean square acceleration, and idle time percentage. The representative Bus Driving Cycle for Debrecen is prepared to be applied in the vehicle dynamics simulation for evaluating and improving the fuel economy of vehicles, selecting the proper power source for various applications and the optimization of the powertrain and the energy consumption in researches to be continued.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Karlušić, Juraj, Mihael Cipek, Danijel Pavković, Juraj Benić, Željko Šitum, Zdravko Pandur, and Marijan Šušnjar. "Simulation Models of Skidder Conventional and Hybrid Drive." Forests 11, no. 9 (August 23, 2020): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090921.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper presents a hypothetical conversion of a conventional cable skidder powertrain to its hybrid version. Simulations of skidder operation were made for two existing forest paths, based on the technical characteristics of the engine, transmission system and the characteristics of the winch. Fuel and time consumption were calculated per working cycle considering the operating conditions (slope, load mass). The model was then converted to a hybrid version by adding a battery energy storage system in parallel with the electrical power generator and by employing an energy management control strategy. The dimensions of the battery and the power generator were chosen based on the characteristics of the existing winch with the aim of completely taking over its operation. The management strategy was selected using the specific fuel consumption map. All simulations were repeated for the hybrid drive under the same operating conditions. The results show that fuel savings of around 13% can be achieved with the selected hybrid drive and steering strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Joseph, Binsy, and Deepak Vishnu Bhoir. "Design and Assessment of Electric Vehicle Performance Parameters based on Drive Cycle." ITM Web of Conferences 40 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20214001007.

Full text

Abstract:

Electric vehicle plays a significant role, in the future transportation across the world. EV has the potential to reduce air pollution and emission of Greenhouse gasses significantly compared to the existing fossil-fuel-based vehicles. Even though substantial progress can be expected in the area of embarked energy storage technologies, charging infrastructure, customer acceptance of Electric Vehicles is still limited due to the problems of Driving range anxiety and long battery charging time. We can solve most of these problems with the infrastructure development ,optimum sizing and design of the vehicle components and extensive study on vehicle dynamics under various real-time driving conditions. This research focuses on the Matlab software based co-simulation of Electric Vehicle system, including the battery pack and motor, to predict the vehicle performance parameters like driving range, efficiency, power requirement, and energy characteristics under different driving scenarios. The vehicle’s acceleration performance, energy consumption, and efficiency are determined by simulation and verified analytically. Using ADVISOR software the fuel economies and tail pipe emission for various vehicle models are determined by simulation and results are compared with Hybrid Electric vehicle models.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Zou, Nai Wei, Qun Liang Dai, Yuan Hua Jia, Wei Zhang, and You Cun Ren. "Modeling and Simulation Research of Coaxial Parallel Hybrid Loader." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 1634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.1634.

Full text

Abstract:

After analyzing the loader duty cycle with hybrid drive theory and gaining the characteristics of loader duty cycle, an integrated started generator-ISG based coaxial parallel hybrid loader is designed. Two simulation models are built with the simulation software Cruise, one is tradition loader another is hybrid loader. The simulation result of tradition loader model compare with the test data to amend the model. To gain same accuracy, the hybrid loader model is rebuilt based on the tradition loader model. According to the “I” type duty cycle, comparing the simulation result of tradition and hybrid loader, the result shows that hybrid loader can save fuel 10.4%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Maaz Mufti, Gussan, Mobeen Ur Rehman, and Dr Abdul Basit. "Modelling and Simulation of the Electrical Vehicle Using Matlab and Verifying it by Driving Cycles." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.27598.

Full text

Abstract:

Modelling of the Electric Vehicle is analyzed in this paper to evaluate the performance and range of the EV. The indigenous platform of MATLAB has been used to model and simulate the different scenarios of range covered by the EV by varying the accessory power associated with them. The mathematical system was further verified by simulating the standard drive cycles for different regions of the world including the standard drive cycle of U.S.A. and E.U. These results show that the power of the accessories associated with the Electric Vehicles plays a major role in deciding the distances covered by it. A suitable selection can help to increase the range of the Electric Vehicles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Liu, Hui, Xunming Li, Weida Wang, Lijin Han, Huibin Xin, and Changle Xiang. "Adaptive equivalent consumption minimisation strategy and dynamic control allocation-based optimal power management strategy for four-wheel drive hybrid electric vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 3125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018816564.

Full text

Abstract:

An adaptive equivalent consumption minimisation strategy and dynamic control allocation-based optimal power management strategy for a four-wheel drive plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is proposed in this paper. The equivalent factors of adaptive equivalent consumption minimisation strategy are optimised offline based on ISIGHT software over several typical driving cycles, which is integrated with AVL CRUISE and MATLAB/Simulink. To update the equivalent factor adaptively according to the predictive velocity, a neural network-based optimal equivalent factor prediction model is built, which can be used online. The torque distribution strategy considering axle load based on energy management strategy optimisation results and the vehicle dynamics control distribution is proposed: this includes two-wheel drive torque distribution, four-wheel drive torque distribution and brake torque distribution. The proposed energy management strategy is verified in New European Driving Cycle and Worldwide harmonised Light Vehicle Test Cycle driving patterns, and the simulation results show that the fuel economy of adaptive equivalent consumption minimisation strategy and dynamic control allocation-based optimal power management strategy is improved by 8.84% and 7.52% in New European Driving Cycle and Worldwide harmonised Light Vehicle Test Cycle, respectively, compared with the benchmark algorithm-based strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Smirnov, S. A., and N. A. Gorshkova. "THE METHOD OF DESIGNING HYDRAULIC DRIVES ON THE EXAMPLE OF A HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF A LIFTING-MAST DEVICE." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 4 (February 8, 2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2017-4-21-26.

Full text

Abstract:

The classical approach to the design of hydraulic drives includes complex calculations and real tests, which is a resource-consuming process. Reduce the cost of design allows the introduction of the development of simulation modeling and CAD / CAM / CAE / PDM automation complexes of the production cycle of enterprises. Modeling allows us to use systematic basis methodological achievements of the theory and practice of hydroautomatics for the design of hydraulic devices to accumulate in the orderly form design experience and provide model support for the life cycle of these products. The article deals with the modern approach to the design of hydraulic drives. A type of a preliminary evaluation of hydraulic drive characteris-tics is given in the example of a hydrodrive of a lifting and mast device. The principle and design schemes of the hydraulic drive are chosen, and a mathematical model is compiled on the basis of the requirements for hoisting and mast devices. A simulation model of the drive is developed on the basis of the mathematical model, consisting of several separate parts connected together. Parts represent a mixed structure of blocks that describe processes in mechanical and hydraulic systems. For visual display an animated 3D model has been created that allows you to observe the progress and results of the simulation. During the calculations, the position dependence graphs of the each link of the lifting and mast device on time, as well as pressure and flow on the safety valve were obtained. Conclusion, based on the results of modeling, was made about the adequacy of the application of models for estimating the characteristics of the projected hydraulic drive in the first approximation. It is recommended to develop such models at the stages of outline and technical design.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Wang, Xu, and Xin Ma. "Preliminary results of the “four-dimensional six degrees-of-freedom” gait simulation system improvement." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00510.

Full text

Abstract:

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Using computer-controlled electro-hydraulic servo technology, we studied the improved “four-dimensional six degrees-of-freedom” gait simulation system based on motor and hydraulic hybrid drive control and achieved the human body’s normal gait cycle with fresh cadavers Methods: Through the superimposed combination of a composite servo motor drive mechanism, a highly precise “four-dimensional six degrees-of-freedom” at the tibia could be achieved using fresh cadavers below the knee. At the same time, ten sets of independently controlled electro-hydraulic servo hydraulic cylinders were used to achieve the mechanical loading of the tendon and tibia to reproduce the dynamic and kinematic parameters of the normal gait cycle with the cadaver model Results: The time for the system to complete a gait cycle was controlled at approximately three seconds. The coordinate motion curve of the tibia in the six degrees-of-freedom space was consistent with the M curve of the normal gait cycle, and the measurement results of plantar stress were similar to the measurement curves of the normal gait cycle. Conclusion: The improved “four-dimensional six degrees-of-freedom” gait simulation system successfully reproduced a gait cycle that was the closest to the normal gait cycle among all existing research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Zhang, Bing Zhan, Han Zhao, and An Dong Yin. "Depleting Mode Control Strategies for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2211.

Full text

Abstract:

Control strategy is the most important issue in the Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) design, which has two modes: charge depleting mode (CD) and charge sustaining mode (CS). The different control strategies in depleting mode will have a great influence on PHEV dynamic performance and fuel economy. The engine optimal torque control strategy was proposed in the paper. The vehicle simulation model in Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) was adopted to evaluate the proposed control strategy. The aggressive highway drive cycle Artemis_hwy and a random drive cycle generated by Markov Process were used. The simulation results indicate the proposed control strategy has great improvement in fuel economy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Matear, R. J., and A. Lenton. "Impact of Historical Climate Change on the Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle." Journal of Climate 21, no. 22 (November 15, 2008): 5820–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2194.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Climate change over the last several decades is suggested to cause a decrease in the magnitude of the uptake of CO2 by the Southern Ocean (Le Quere et al.). In this study, the atmospheric fields from NCEP R1 for the years 1948–2003 are used to drive an ocean biogeochemical model to probe how changes in the heat and freshwater fluxes and in the winds affect the Southern Ocean’s uptake of carbon. Over this period, the model simulations herein show that the increases in heat and freshwater fluxes drive a net increase in Southern Ocean uptake (south of 40°S) while the increases in wind stresses drive a net decrease in uptake. The total Southern Ocean response is nearly identical with the simulation without climate change because the heat and freshwater flux response is approximately both equal and opposite to the wind stress response. It is also shown that any change in the Southern Ocean anthropogenic carbon uptake is always opposed by a much larger change in the natural carbon air–sea exchange. For the 1948–2003 period, the changes in the natural carbon cycle dominate the Southern Ocean carbon uptake response to climate change. However, it is shown with a simple box model that when atmospheric CO2 levels exceed the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) of the upwelled Circumpolar Deep Water (≈450 μatm) the Southern Ocean uptake response will be dominated by the changes in anthropogenic carbon uptake. Therefore, the suggestion that the Southern Ocean carbon uptake is a positive feedback to global warming is only a transient response that will change to a negative feedback in the near future if the present climate trend continues. Associated with the increased outgassing of carbon from the natural carbon cycle was a reduction in the aragonite saturation state of the high-latitude Southern Ocean (south of 60°S). In the simulation with just wind stress changes, the reduction in the high-latitude Southern Ocean aragonite saturation state (≈0.2) was comparable to the magnitude of the decline in the aragonite saturation state over the last 4 decades because of rising atmospheric CO2 levels (≈0.2). The simulation showed that climate change could significantly impact aragonite saturation state in the Southern Ocean.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Wang, Xing, Ryszard Palka, and Marcin Wardach. "Nonlinear Digital Simulation Models of Switched Reluctance Motor Drive." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 6715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246715.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper deals with nonlinear simulation models of a drive consisting of the four-phase 8/6 doubly salient switched reluctance motor (SRM), the four-phase dissymmetric bridge power converter and the closed-cycle rotor speed control strategy carried out by the pulse width modulation (PWM) with variable angle and combined control scheme with the PI algorithm. All presented considerations are based on a MATLAB-SIMULINK platform. The nonlinear mathematical model of the analyzed SRM drive was obtained as a combination of the two dimensional (2D) finite element model (FEM) of the motor and the nonlinear model of the electrical network of the power supply circuit. The main model and its seven sub-modules, such as the controller module, one phase simulation module, rotor position angle transformation module, power system module, phase current operation module, “subsystem” module, and electromagnetic torque of one phase operation module, are described. MATLAB functions store the magnetization curves data of the motor obtained by the 2D FEM electromagnetic field calculations, as well as the data of magnetic co-energy curves of the motor calculated from the magnetization curves. The 2D specimen insert method is adopted in MATLAB functions for operating the flux linkage and the magnetic co-energy at the given phase current and rotor position. The phase current waveforms obtained during simulations match with the tested experimentally phases current waveforms at the same rotor speed and the same load basically. The simulated rotor speed curves also agree with the experimental rotor speed curves. This means that the method of suggested nonlinear simulation models of the analyzed SRM drive is correct, and the model is accurate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Grekov, Eduard, Alexei Bezgin, Viktor Sorokin, and Ildar Yamansarin. "Comparison of Energy Indicators of the Electric Lift Drive of the Ekg-5 Excavator with Different Power Converters." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 64, no. 3 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2021-3-53-59.

Full text

Abstract:

The energy indicators of the EKG-5 excavator lifting electric drive with thyristor power circuits have been determined according to the systems thyristor direct frequency converter - two-phase asynchronous electric motor, converter-DC motor and direct frequency converter - three-phase asynchronous electric motor. Losses in electric motors and converters have been determined, taking into account the specifics of their joint work in theefficiency for the excavation cycle were determined based on the results of calculating the simulation model, the initial data for which were the parameters of the excavation cycle of the lift drive of a real excavator. Distortion coefficients of the mains current were determined for two cases: during digging and during accelerated lowering of an empty bucket. For comparison, the energy indicators of the selected electric drives with a filter-compensating device were calculated. The analysis of energy indicators is made.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Haji Akhoundzadeh, Mehran, Kaamran Raahemifar, Satyam Panchal, Ehsan Samadani, Ehsan Haghi, Roydon Fraser, and Michael Fowler. "A Conceptualized Hydrail Powertrain: A Case Study of the Union Pearson Express Route." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10020032.

Full text

Abstract:

A hydrogen rail (hydrail) powertrain is conceptualized in this study, using drive cycles collected from the trains currently working on the Union Pearson Express (UPE) railroad. The powertrain consists of three preliminary different subsystems: fuel cell, battery, and hydrogen storage systems. A backward design approach is proposed to calculate the time-variable power demand based on a “route simulation data” method. The powertrain components are then conceptually sized according to the calculated duty cycle. The results of this study show that 275 kg of hydrogen is sufficient to satisfy the daily power and energy demand of a hydrogen locomotive with drive cycles similar to the ones currently working on the UPE rail route.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Wang, Zhi, Xiang Tao Ran, Cheng Jie Lu, Li Yang, and Cheng Xiang Wang. "Pressure Control Technology of DDVC Gas Regulating System for Butterfly Valve." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.278.

Full text

Abstract:

For the problem needed to solve during the process of steel cycle power generation, a set of pressure regulating system driven by step motor was designed based on direct-drive volume control (DDVC). An incremental fuzzy PID controller was developed for this system. Then the dynamic characteristics were simulated in Matlab/simulink. The results show that: compared with the simulation curve controlled by traditional PID, this regulating system can achieve better performance by fuzzy PID.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Daya, Rohil, John Hoard, Sreedhar Chanda, and Maneet Singh. "Insulated catalyst with heat storage for real-world vehicle emissions reduction." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 9 (January 8, 2017): 886–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087416685470.

Full text

Abstract:

In previous publications, the model development and simulation of a vacuum-insulated catalytic converter was presented. GT-Suite model simulations demonstrated the heat retention capacity of the converter and corresponding emissions reductions. This article provides an update of the converter model development and analysis of real-world benefits of the converter. The vehicle-aftertreatment model of the vacuum-insulated catalytic converter was improved significantly, and detailed explanations of all theoretical modeling considerations are presented. In the absence of experimental data, a flow test experiment was conducted to measure the flow rate in exhaust tailpipe during vehicle soak due to thermosiphon. These results were used as inputs in the GT-Suite model simulations of conventional and hybrid electric vehicles. New model simulations demonstrated the ability of the vacuum-insulated catalytic converter to achieve significant emissions reductions following vehicle soaks of up to 18 h. To examine the real-world benefits of the converter, driving data were obtained from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and a MATLAB code was developed to statistically analyze 23,156 drive cycles. The vacuum-insulated catalytic converter was simulated on standard drive cycles to develop a correlation between melt time of the phase-change material and average drive cycle speed and acceleration. This correlation was used to predict the probability that the phase-change material will melt in a given real-world driving cycle. The MATLAB code was also used to calculate the soak time and re-solidification time probability. Finally, Federal Test Procedure emission results were weighted with the soak time probabilities. This analysis showed that in real-world driving conditions, the vacuum-insulated catalytic converter is expected to reduce cold-start CO and hydrocarbon emissions by 26% and 48%, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Qu, Jin Yu, Yi Rui Zhang, Gui Xian Qu, and Lin Liu. "Design of Automatic Clutch System and Simulation of Engagement Process for AMT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 69 (July 2011): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.69.67.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper the executive mechanism and electric-hydraulic control system for AMT automatic clutch were designed. A hydraulic cylinder was applied as the actuator. The hydraulic source with constant pressure using electric oil pump was designed. The basic idea lies in using pulse signal with variable duty cycle to drive high-speed solenoid valves in the process of regulating hydraulic circuits. Hydraulic oil drives the cylinder to realize the control of dry clutch. At last, the actuator was modeled and simulated based on AMESIM. From the analysis of the simulation results, the system mentioned in this paper can meet the performance requirements of AMT equipped with automatic clutch.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Schumacher, Sven, Stefan Schmid, Philipp Wieser, Ralf Stetter, and Markus Till. "Design, Simulation and Optimization of an Electrical Drive-Train." Vehicles 3, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 390–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3030024.

Full text

Abstract:

Today, design engineers engaged in the development of a high-performance electrical drive-train are challenged by the multitude of possible topological choices and numerous mutually interconnected physical phenomena. Development teams around the globe struggle with this challenge; usually they employ several tools for simulation and topology optimization and transfer multiple versions of their product models in a mainly manual process. The research presented in this paper aims to explore a holistic possibility to realize a sensible analysis-synthesis cycle that takes into consideration current developments in design, simulation and optimization processes. This kind of process can enhance the transparency of design decisions, can reduce the risk of design and process flaws and can support the approach toward a holistic optimum. The investigation starts with the development of the topological concept of the drive-train and continues over the interconnected simulation of several decisive properties of the drive-train. Obviously, these properties concern several domains (mechanical, electrical, thermal and the control domain). The optimization of the drive-train takes into consideration the main requirement—in the investigated example, which is a formula student drive-train—the lap time. The result is a holistic concept for a design, simulation and optimization approach that considers topological variety, interconnected multi-domain simulation and a continuous connection to the decisive requirements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Hussain, Sadam, Muhammad Umair Ali, Gwan-Soo Park, Sarvar Hussain Nengroo, Muhammad Adil Khan, and Hee-Je Kim. "A Real-Time Bi-Adaptive Controller-Based Energy Management System for Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2019): 4662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244662.

Full text

Abstract:

The energy storage system (ESS) is the main issue in traction applications, such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs). To alleviate the shortage of power density in BEVs, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) can be used as an alternative ESS. HESS has the dynamic features of the battery and a supercapacitor (SC), and it requires an intelligent energy management system (EMS) to operate it effectively. In this study, a real-time EMS is proposed, which is comprised of a fuzzy logic controller-based low-pass filter and an adaptive proportional integrator-based charge controller. The proposed EMS intelligently distributes the required power from the battery and SC during acceleration. It allocates the braking energy to the SC on the basis of the state of charge. A simulation study was conducted for three standard drive cycles (New York City cycle, Artemis urban cycle, and New York composite cycle) using MATLAB Simulink. Comparative analysis of conventional and proposed EMSs was carried out. The results reveal that the proposed EMS reduced the stress, temperature, and power losses of the battery. The steady-state charging performance of the SC was 98%, 95%, and 96% for the mentioned drive cycles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Munoz-Hernandez, German Ardul, Gerardo Mino-Aguilar, Jose Fermi Guerrero-Castellanos, and Edgar Peralta-Sanchez. "Fractional Order PI-Based Control Applied to the Traction System of an Electric Vehicle (EV)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010364.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a design of a cruise control based on a fractional-order proportional and integral (PI) direct torque control applied to the traction system of an electric vehicle (EV). The paper also discusses the modeling, control design and simulation, resulting in a numerical simulator composed of detailed models of the main components: transmission system, induction motor, power electronics, control system, and vehicle dynamics. The simulation was developed in MATLAB/Simulink and will allow the estimation of the energy consumption of an EV under specific configurations. Simulation results show the efficiency of the designed control. These simulations were carried out using the velocity profiles given by the New Europe Drive Cycle (NEDC).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Zhou, Zhi Chao, Xiao Ling Chen, and Yuan Zou. "Modeling and Simulation of Electric Drive Bulldozer Based on the Torque Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.236.

Full text

Abstract:

According to the power performance index of the bulldozer, the matching calculation of electric drive tracked bulldozer transmission system is put forward, including AC induction motor, reduction ratios between motors and sprockets, engine-generator. Combined with the slip rate simulation of the special operation cycle conditions of bulldozer eletromechanical transmission system based on Matlab/Simulink is performed. Simulation results show that the dynamic characteristic satisfy the requirements of the job performance of the bulldozer. The matching calculation of the eletromechanical transmission system for bulldozer proved itself to be effective and feasible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Larson, Sarah M., Ben P. Kirtman, and Daniel J. Vimont. "A Framework to Decompose Wind-Driven Biases in Climate Models Applied to CCSM/CESM in the Eastern Pacific." Journal of Climate 30, no. 21 (November 2017): 8763–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0099.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Annual cycle biases in climate models are suspected to be largely wind driven along the equator, with winds first driving SST changes that then influence the overlying atmospheric circulation. This study utilizes an experimental approach to test the hypothesis that seasonally varying climatological wind stress directly contributes to the SST and ITCZ biases in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Results show that removing the wind stress annual cycle from the ocean forcing, without constraining the atmosphere and ocean dynamics or buoyancy coupling in the NCAR CCSM4/CESM1.2.0 models, results in a remarkable reduction in the SST annual cycle and springtime ITCZ biases. Improvements in the SST occur primarily because wind-driven errors in the variability of horizontal temperature advection are damped. The ITCZ problem is closely tied to biases in the wind-driven near-equatorial SST. Additional model experiments and analyses reveal that the contributions from zonal and meridional wind stress to the biases are locally forced within 10°S–10°N and additive, suggesting that the biases are driven by independent processes. The zonal and meridional components drive different aspects of the SST annual cycle bias and contribute to the springtime ITCZ bias in different zonal locations. Both the atmosphere and ocean components of the model, separately, are shown to produce unfavorable ocean surface conditions for the simulation of a realistic springtime ITCZ, deeming this a coupled problem. Results show that wind stress may act as a pathway for process-based errors in climate models to directly drive SST and ITCZ biases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Garcia, Angel P., Nelson L. Cappelli, and Claudio K. Umezu. "Auger-type granular fertylizer distributor: matemathical model and dynamic simulation." Engenharia Agrícola 32, no. 1 (February 2012): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162012000100016.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to model mathematically and to simulate the dynamic behavior of an auger-type fertilizer applicator (AFA) in order to use the variable-rate application (VRA) and reduce the coefficient of variation (CV) of the application, proposing an angular speed controller θ' for the motor drive shaft. The input model was θ' and the response was the fertilizer mass flow, due to the construction, density of fertilizer, fill factor and the end position of the auger. The model was used to simulate a control system in open loop, with an electric drive for AFA using an armature voltage (V A) controller. By introducing a sinusoidal excitation signal in V A with amplitude and delay phase optimized and varying θ' during an operation cycle, it is obtained a reduction of 29.8% in the CV (constant V A) to 11.4%. The development of the mathematical model was a first step towards the introduction of electric drive systems and closed loop control for the implementation of AFA with low CV in VRA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Lu, Shu Kuan. "Coal Mining Industrial Robots the Institutions of the Modeling and Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1490.

Full text

Abstract:

With practical small coal roadway coal winning machine for reference to the tunneling of the prototype, the mining of coal industry robot is analyzed. The coal set up 3 d model of the robot, and analyzed the main part. Coal institutions became a hybrid driven simplified controllable seven poles structure model, the use of robots COSM OSM otion coal mining mechanism model of the simulation and analysis, and the results show that: through a mixture of drive controllable institutions can make the smaller of input enough amplifier, which can save energy, reflected the superiority of the composite driving controllable institutions. And on a movement cycle repeated impact there, this characteristic is suitable for the coal mining robots work characteristics, can reduce the reaction, which is beneficial to the whole of the equipment operation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Wu, Xiaogang, Dianyu Zheng, Tianze Wang, and Jiuyu Du. "Torque Optimal Allocation Strategy of All-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle Based on Difference of Efficiency Characteristics between Axis Motors." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061122.

Full text

Abstract:

All-wheel drive is an important technical direction for the future development of pure electric vehicles. The difference in the efficiency distribution of the shaft motor caused by the optimal load matching and motor manufacturing process, the traditional torque average distribution strategy is not applicable to the torque distribution of the all-wheel drive power system. Aiming at the above problems, this paper takes the energy efficiency of power system as the optimization goal, proposes a dynamic allocation method to realize the torque distribution of electric vehicle all-wheel drive power system, and analyzes and verifies the adaptability of this optimization algorithm in different urban passenger vehicle working cycles. The simulation results show that, compared with the torque average distribution method, the proposed method can effectively solve the problem that the difference of the efficiency distribution of the two shaft motors in the power system affects the energy consumption of the power system. The energy consumption rate of the proposed method is reduced by 5.96% and 5.69%, respectively, compared with the average distribution method under the China urban passenger driving cycle and the Harbin urban passenger driving cycle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kulikov, Ilya, Kirill Karpukhin, and Rinat Kurmaev. "X-in-the-Loop Testing of a Thermal Management System Intended for an Electric Vehicle with In-Wheel Motors." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 6452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236452.

Full text

Abstract:

The article describes an elaboration of the X-in-the-loop (XiL) testing environment for a thermal management system (TMS) intended for the traction electric drive of an electric vehicle, which has each of its wheels driven by an in-wheel motor. The TMS features the individual thermal regulation of each electric drive using a hydraulic layout with parallel pipelines and electrohydraulic pumps embedded into them. The XiL system is intended as a tool for studying and developing the TMS design and controls. It consists of the virtual part and the physical part. The former simulates the vehicle operating in a driving cycle with the heat power dissipated by the electric drive components, which entails the change in their temperature regimes. The physical part includes the TMS itself consisting of a radiator, pipelines, and pumps. The physical part also features devices intended for simulation of the electric drive components in terms of their thermal and hydraulic behaviors, as well as devices that simulate airflow induced by the vehicle motion. Bilateral, real-time interactions are established between the two said parts combining them into a cohesive system, which models the studied electric vehicle and its components. The article gives a description of a laboratory setup, which implements the XiL environment including the mathematical models, hardware devices, as well as the control loops that establish the interaction of those components. An example of using this system in a driving cycle test shows the interaction between its parts and operation of the TMS in conditions simulated in both virtual and physical domains. The results constitute calculated and measured quantities including vehicle speed, operating parameters of the electric drives, coolant and air flow rates, and temperatures of the system components.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Mazumder, Sandip, and Jiheng Lu. "Faster-Than-Real-Time Simulation of Lithium Ion Batteries with Full Spatial and Temporal Resolution." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/268747.

Full text

Abstract:

A one-dimensional coupled electrochemical-thermal model of a lithium ion battery with full temporal and normal-to-electrode spatial resolution is presented. Only a single pair of electrodes is considered in the model. It is shown that simulation of a lithium ion battery with the inclusion of detailed transport phenomena and electrochemistry is possible with faster-than-real-time compute times. The governing conservation equations of mass, charge, and energy are discretized using the finite volume method and solved using an iterative procedure. The model is first successfully validated against experimental data for both charge and discharge processes in aLixC6-LiyMn2O4battery. Finally, it is demonstrated for an arbitrary rapidly changing transient load typical of a hybrid electric vehicle drive cycle. The model is able to predict the cell voltage of a 15-minute drive cycle in less than 12 seconds of compute time on a laptop with a 2.33 GHz Intel Pentium 4 processor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Arefin, Md Arman, Avijit Mallik, and Md Asfaquzzaman. "Renewable energy–assisted hybrid three-wheeler: A numerical investigation." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 2018): 168781401881437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018814372.

Full text

Abstract:

This research is to investigate the various parameters and conditions of implementing solar and wind energy in engine-driven three-wheelers. No reliable study of using both these energies in three-wheelers is found in the literature so far. In this article, a numerical study is conducted for using both these energies in a plugged-in hybrid three-wheeler. From the analysis, it is found that both the renewable energies will provide approximately 54% of total energy to run the vehicle altogether. A novel computational fluid dynamics simulation for a wind turbine is conducted to verify the theoretical results. Here the wind turbine blade has simple aerofoil look with sinusoidal leading edge and dimpled surface. The vehicle will not only reduce the pressure on fuel and national grid electricity; but, also will reduce the emission by a large amount. A custom drive cycle along with drive power demand is obtained using vehicle properties and city road conditions and comparing with Asian urban drive cycle. A detailed feasibility analysis of the vehicle is analyzed considering various costs, weight, and emissions, and a future researching infrastructure is also proposed. Finally, some recommendations are provided which can be considered for future research interests.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Song, Shi Gang, Xiao Ping Li, and Ze Chang Sun. "Design and Simulation of Pure Electric Vehicle Power System." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1541.

Full text

Abstract:

According to pure electric vehicle dynamic requirements and the driving conditions, took an electric vehicle as an example, analyzed principle and method of power system with voltage, electric current, capacity and connection methods. Software ADVISOR was employed to establish vehicle model, analyzed dynamic performance under drive cycle conditions. Simulation result indicate that battery pack is in normal state, dynamic performances including acceleration performance, gradient ability, maximum speed, driving mileage are satisfied to design requirements. So the rationality and validity of the power system are demonstrated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Zainudin, Mohd Farid, Abu Bakar Rosli, Gan Leong Ming, Tanti Zanariah Shamshir Ali, and Billy Anak Sup. "Design and Stress Simulation of Crankshaft for Slider-Crank Drive Stirling Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.678.

Full text

Abstract:

In this present work, the design and simulation of crankshaft for multi-cylinder Stirling engine is studied based on finite element analysis. The proposed crankshaft design is based on the typical crosshead slider-crank mechanism that is being used with the consideration of design needs for multi-cylinder Stirling engine. The study focused on the piston-crankshaft assembly that is subjected to compression load in Stirling cycle. Based on the simulation results, the maximum von Mises stress for crankshaft model varies from 0.82 MPa at 1 bar charge pressure to 1.65 MPa at 20 bar charge pressure. Minimum factor of safety is founded to be 33 with maximum deformation under maximum charge pressure. For piston-crankshaft assembly load, minimum factor safety of 2 was observed with maximum compression pressure for minimum charge pressure. The results indicate no yielding and structural failure under compression load case, can be satisfied.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Wurzenberger, Johann C., Roland Wanker, Ales Schuemie, Reinhard Tatschl, and Johann Krammer. "OS-D1: A Simulation Framework for 0D Engine Combustion and Pollutant Formation Combined with 1D Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment : Control of Gasoline Engine Emissions During Drive-Cycle(OS-D Advanced engine simulation (prediction of performance & emissions, transient simulation),Organized Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2008.7 (2008): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2008.7.105.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Xue, Jianliang, Dongfeng Zhao, Jianguang Chen, Shi Li, Wei Liu, and Chanchan Shen. "Parametric Simulation of Low-Temperature Heat Recovery using a Rankine Cycle to Drive Multi-effect Distillation." Energy Technology 2, no. 6 (May 20, 2014): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201300191.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wang, Zhong Xian, Feng Chai, Yong Geng Wei, and Yi Lin Song. "Study on Small Power BLDCM Drive System." Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (September 2013): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.823.

Full text

Abstract:

According to the voltage balance equation, the paper deduces the mathematical model of BLDCM on the basis of analyzing the operation principle. In SIMULINK environment, the BLDCM ontology module is built by adopting the combination of BLDCM state equation with S function method. The built motor ontology module proves to be accurate and reasonable through the analysis of the simulation waveform, which helps to analysis BLDCM electronic commutation, etc. Again taking LM621N as commutation control chip, using PIC microcontroller output variable frequency square wave, and through external input device to adjust the square wave frequency, thus realizes the control of motor speed. A brushless dc motor drive with circuit protection functions is designed by the method of combining hardware and software. Not only the motor work situation of ontology is intuitively reflected, and the development cycle is shorted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Guo, Yan Jie, Li Fang Wang, and Cheng Lin Liao. "Research on Dynamic Conducted EMI Characteristics of Electric Drive System in Electric Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.3.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper represents the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) characteristics of the electric drive system in electric vehicles, based on the typical vehicle driving circles. Firstly, the typical vehicle driving circles are introduced, such as Economic Commission of Europe-15 (ECE-15), Extra Urban Driving Cycle (EUDC) and so on. Also, the relationships between motor speed, torque and vehicle speed are calculated according to the mechanical properties of the vehicle. Then, the simulation and experiment platforms are established considering the motor speed and torque as reference inputs. Finally, the dynamic EMI of power electronics device switching processes, system dynamic differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) EMI are analyzed through the simulation and experiment results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Piraino, Francesco, and Petronilla Fragiacomo. "Design of an Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy-Based Control in Relation to the Passenger Number for a Fuel Cell Tram Propulsion." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154010.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, a new control strategy for a fuel cell supercapacitor tramway is tested on a real drive cycle. The control algorithm is based on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy, weighted for the vehicle passenger number. Its implementation is presented by highlighting the customization for a specific drive cycle, located in Reggio Calabria, one of the main cities of southern Italy. The heart of the paper concerns the fuel cell hybrid powertrain, where energy source and DC/DC converter models are formalized and numerically designed; in addition, all the drivetrain components are taken into account through appropriate relations. By means of the drive cycle characteristics, in terms of morphology, vehicle features, and speed, the main components are properly selected, with the aim of avoiding under- and over-sizing issues. A specific case study is analyzed, considering the passenger variation at each tramway stop. Satisfying results are achieved in the simulation campaign: 2.9 kg of hydrogen is consumed for a round trip, with a quasi-constant fuel cell efficiency of more than 50%, while the supercapacitor SOC ranges in a wide interval, between 35% and 95%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Khalfi, Jaouad, Najib Boumaaz, Abdallah Soulmani, and El Mehdi Laadissi. "Box–Jenkins Black-Box Modeling of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Based on Automotive Drive Cycle Data." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 3 (July 28, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030102.

Full text

Abstract:

The Box–Jenkins model is a polynomial model that uses transfer functions to express relationships between input, output, and noise for a given system. In this article, we present a Box–Jenkins linear model for a lithium-ion battery cell for use in electric vehicles. The model parameter identifications are based on automotive drive-cycle measurements. The proposed model prediction performance is evaluated using the goodness-of-fit criteria and the mean squared error between the Box–Jenkins model and the measured battery cell output. A simulation confirmed that the proposed Box–Jenkins model could adequately capture the battery cell dynamics for different automotive drive cycles and reasonably predict the actual battery cell output. The goodness-of-fit value shows that the Box–Jenkins model matches the battery cell data by 86.85% in the identification phase, and 90.83% in the validation phase for the LA-92 driving cycle. This work demonstrates the potential of using a simple and linear model to predict the battery cell behavior based on a complex identification dataset that represents the actual use of the battery cell in an electric vehicle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Litvin, F. L., Jui-Sheng Chen, T. M. Sep, and Jyh-Chiang Wang. "Computerized Simulation of Transmission Errors and Shift of Bearing Contact for Face-Milled Hypoid Gear Drive." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 2A (June 1, 1995): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826133.

Full text

Abstract:

A computerized investigation of the influence of alignment errors on the transmission errors and the shift of the bearing contact is performed. The investigation is performed for an imaginary hypoid gear drive with conjugate tooth surfaces. The transmission error functions caused by misalignment are shown to be periodic discontinuous almost linear functions with the frequency of the cycle of meshing. The above functions can be totally absorbed by a predesigned parabolic function. The shift of the bearing contact caused by misalignment has been determined as well. The investigation is based on computerized simulation of meshing and contact of gear tooth surfaces. The machine-tool settings for the generation of the designed gear drive have been determined. A numerical example that illustrates the developed theory is given.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Bond-Lamberty, B., K. Calvin, A. D. Jones, J. Mao, P. Patel, X. Y. Shi, A. Thomson, P. Thornton, and Y. Zhou. "On linking an Earth system model to the equilibrium carbon representation of an economically optimizing land use model." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 6 (November 6, 2014): 2545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2545-2014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Human activities are significantly altering biogeochemical cycles at the global scale, and the scope of these activities will change with both future climate and socioeconomic decisions. This poses a significant challenge for Earth system models (ESMs), which can incorporate land use change as prescribed inputs but do not actively simulate the policy or economic forces that drive land use change. One option to address this problem is to couple an ESM with an economically oriented integrated assessment model, but this is challenging because of the radically different goals and underpinnings of each type of model. This study describes the development and testing of a coupling between the terrestrial carbon cycle of an ESM (CESM) and an integrated assessment (GCAM) model, focusing on how CESM climate effects on the carbon cycle could be shared with GCAM. We examine the best proxy variables to share between the models, and we quantify how carbon flux changes driven by climate, CO2 fertilization, and land use changes (e.g., deforestation) can be distinguished from each other by GCAM. The net primary production and heterotrophic respiration outputs of the Community Land Model (CLM), the land component of CESM, were found to be the most robust proxy variables by which to recalculate GCAM's assumptions of equilibrium ecosystem steady-state carbon. Carbon cycle effects of land use change are spatially limited relative to climate effects, and thus we were able to distinguish these effects successfully in the model coupling, passing only the latter to GCAM. This paper does not present results of a fully coupled simulation but shows, using a series of offline CLM simulations and an additional idealized Monte Carlo simulation, that our CESM–GCAM proxy variables reflect the phenomena that we intend and do not contain erroneous signals due to land use change. By allowing climate effects from a full ESM to dynamically modulate the economic and policy decisions of an integrated assessment model, this work will help link these models in a robust and flexible framework capable of examining two-way interactions between human and Earth system processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Gao, Zhiming, Scott J. Curran, James E. Parks, David E. Smith, Robert M. Wagner, C. Stuart Daw, K. Dean Edwards, and John F. Thomas. "Drive cycle simulation of high efficiency combustions on fuel economy and exhaust properties in light-duty vehicles." Applied Energy 157 (November 2015): 762–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.070.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Andrey, Ermakov, Salakhov Rishat, Khismatullin Renat, and Idiatullin Bulat. "Development and Research of the Adaptive Cooling System with an Electric Pump." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390235.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper studies the effect of the electrically-driven pump on improving the efficiency of internal combustion engine cooling systems. Numerical one-dimensional simulation of the system operation was performed according to the European transient cycle (ETC). The paper compares the cooling system with a belt-driven pump and electrically-driven pump. It was found that the electrically-driven cooling system not only could maintain a more stable coolant temperature, and also provided energy savings for the pump drive. It can be noted that the mechanically-driven cooling system has disproportionately high energy costs, unstable coolant temperature, so in case of sudden changes in operating modes, the built-in thermostat cannot keep it within two degrees Celsius. At high engine speeds and low load, the drive consumes too much power, and when thermostat is faulty and the coolant is overcooled, at low speeds and high load, the coolant is overheating. The paper also considers options with electric-driven pump with and without an enabled thermostat. With a working thermostat and electrically driven pump, the system consumes a little more energy, because the thermostat does not open fully and as a result, the pump speed is 8.2% higher than in a cooling system without a thermostat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

ANDRYCH-ZALEWSKA, Monika, Zdzisław CHŁOPEK, Jerzy MERKISZ, and Jacek PIELECHA. "Evaluation of the test drive cycle conditions impact on exhaust emissions from an internal combustion engine." Combustion Engines 175, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2018-401.

Full text

Abstract:

Test results of exhaust emission sensitivity to engine operating conditions from a vehicle with a compression ignition engine have been analyzed. These results were determined in driving tests: NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), RDE (Real Driving Emissions) and Malta, an original drive cycle developed at Poznan University of Technology. The tests in the NEDC and Malta cycles were carried out on the engine dynamometer in driving tests simulation conditions, while the RDE test was carried out in the real conditions of passenger car traffic. The mean exhaust emission test results of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide as well as the mean particle number in individual tests have been provided. A high sensitivity of the tested emission values to the changes in engines operating conditions was found, both for static and dynamic conditions. The strongest impact of engine operating conditions was found for hydrocarbons emissions and the number of particles, followed by carbon monoxide, a smaller impact was found for nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. The largest differences in the values characterizing exhaust emissions were found for the NEDC test, which differed the most in dynamic engine operating conditions from other tests that closer resemble real driving conditions of vehicles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Liu, Ran, Jian Zhong Sun, Ya Qin Luo, Wei Sun, and Wei Dong Li. "Research on Multi-Motor Synchronization Control Based on the Ring Coupling Strategy for Cutterhead Driving System of Shield Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.65.

Full text

Abstract:

With the research object of cutterhead rotation electric drive system, influencing factors of the system synchronous coordination and the multi-motor torque synchronization control strategy is studied. The paper analyzes the dynamics of the cutterhead rotary motors-driving system, discusses the interaction mechanism between motors and gear nonlinear transmission unit, and then the mathematical model of the cutterhead rotary driving system with consideration of gear frequency cycle error and backlash is presented. Based on that, the multi-drive synchronization control based on the ring coupling strategy is given. Simulation results using Matlab platform show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Dou, Haishi, Youtong Zhang, and Likang Fan. "Design of Optimized Energy Management Strategy for All-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicles." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 8218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178218.

Full text

Abstract:

The performance of the all-wheel-drive electric vehicle is inseparable from the energy management strategy (EMS). An outstanding EMS could extend the cycling mileage, coordinating the power output of the battery and exerts the advantage of the motor comprehensively. However, the current EMS has poor performance in real-time, and this paper proposes the dynamic programming coordination strategy (DPCS) to solve the problem. Firstly, the EMS based on a rule-based control strategy (RBCS) is applied in a different driving cycle. Secondly, the dynamic programming algorithm (DP) is proposed in the process. The DPCS cooperated the advantage of RBCS and DP, extracting the boundary parameters along with the demand power and vehicle speed. Finally, the number of motors joined in the driving condition is elucidated and the method obtains the optimal torque split ratio through a partly-known driving cycle. By incorporating the thought of a basis of rules, the DPCS determines the torque of each motor that confirm the motor working in an efficient range that incorporates the mind of dynamic programming. The method is validated through the simulation. The results show that the strategy can significantly improve the mileage of the driving cycle, with comprehensive performance in energy distribution and utilization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Ravivarman, R., and R. Prabhu Sekar. "Estimation of loss factor based on the load share model in improved bending strength spur gear drive system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 235, no. 1 (July 26, 2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650120945533.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper demonstrates the prediction of loss factor for non-standard gear drives with equal stresses in the root region of the pinion and wheel. This implementation of equal stresses in the root region is achieved in the described model of a spur gear drive with higher transmission ratio using non-standard rack cutter. The aim is to discover the optimal modification point in the tooth profile by varying values of tooth thickness with at most balanced stresses in the gear pair considered for the study. A loss factor is predicted along the path of contact for a complete meshing cycle using finite element method. This paper studies and compares the distinct models and thereby identifies the suitable and appropriate models. The predicted loss factor includes the distribution of load sharing effect during the meshing which is excluded in the compared models. The gear pair is analyzed, and the loss factor is predicted for influence over the major drive parameters. It was observed that the approach employed facilitate substantial enhancement in the efficiency which is confined by the detailed parametric study and numerical simulation of the balanced stresses in the drive.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

He, Feng, Hai Bo Wu, Huan Li, and Yi Ming Li. "Parameter Matching and Simulation for Powertrain System of Pure Electric City Bus." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.218.

Full text

Abstract:

Powertrain system of pure electric city bus is composed mainly of battery, motor and transmission, it decide practically the acceleration performance of pure electric city bus. The method and principle of parameters design for dynamic system of pure electric city bus was investigated in this paper. Based on parameter matching for electromotor, cells and driveline, a performance simulation model was developed utilizing the dynamic simulation software of advanced vehicle simulator. The acceleration performance of pure electric city bus was simulated in CYC_ECE_EUDC drive cycle. Simulation result indicates that the acceleration performances of pure electric bus and maximum mileage were satisfied to the design requirement. Description that pure electric city bus powertrain system and simulation model were reasonably.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Drive cycle simulation'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles