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Journal articles on the topic 'Driver’s optical reaction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Prasolenko, O. "IMPACT OF ROAD TRAFFIC ON DRIVER REACTION TIME." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 159 (2020): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-169-172.

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The main problem of driving safety in the dark for drivers is the recognition of elements of the traffic situation. Changes in the characteristics of visual perception are due to changes in illumination, brightness of the color contrast of important and significant for the driver stimuli during movement. It is the recognition of existing obstacles in terms of contrast and brightness that is the biggest problem for drivers. When driving at night, drivers are prone to dazzle, they are less able to distinguish colors, and the field of view is significantly reduced. The availability of technical m

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Lotz, Alexander, Nele Russwinkel, and Enrico Wohlfarth. "Take-over expectation and criticality in Level 3 automated driving: a test track study on take-over behavior in semi-trucks." Cognition, Technology & Work 22, no. 4 (2020): 733–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-020-00626-z.

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Abstract With the introduction of advanced driving assistance systems managing longitudinal and lateral control, conditional automated driving is seemingly in near future of series vehicles. While take-over behavior in the passenger car context has been investigated intensively in recent years, publications on semi-trucks with professional drivers are sparse. The effects influencing expert drivers during take-overs in this context lack thorough investigation and are required to design systems that facilitate safe take-overs. While multiple findings seem to cohere in passenger cars and semi-tru

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Amortila, Valentin, Elena Mereuta, Silvia Veresiu, Madalina Rus, and Costel Humelnicu. "Positioning study of driver's hands in certain areas of the steering wheel." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 06014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817806014.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze driver's hands coordinates on the steering wheel for an optimal and safe driving experience. A good coordination of the driver's action on the controls is the result of a comfortable position that leads to an optimal reaction while driving. The presented study implies using a thermal imaging camera for analysing palms temperature changes in the contact area with the steering wheel. The resulting data shows that the optimal driving position of drivers' hands is 0° and 180° associating the steering wheel with and trigonometric circle.

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Wan, Hongliang, Zhigang Du, Qixiang Yan, and Xiaohong Chen. "EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPEED REDUCTION MARKINGS IN HIGHWAY TUNNELS." Transport 33, no. 3 (2018): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.1574.

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As typical weak visual reference systems, highway tunnels have low illumination, monotonous environment and few references, which may cause severe visual illusion and reduce drivers’ speed perception ability. Thus, drivers tend to underestimate their driving speed, which may induce speeding behaviours that result in rear-end collisions. The cost-effective pavement markings installed on both sides of the lane or shoulder may make drivers overestimate their speed. This perception can help ensure safe driving and regulate driving behaviour effectively. This study analyses the effects of sidewall

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Bordin, Chiara, and Asgeir Tomasgard. "Behavioural Change in Green Transportation: Micro-Economics Perspectives and Optimization Strategies." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133728.

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The increasing demand for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging is putting pressure on the power grids and capacities of charging stations. This work focuses on how to use indirect control through price signals to level out the load curve in order to avoid the power consumption from exceeding these capacities. We propose mathematical programming models for the indirect control of EV charging that aim at finding an optimal set of price signals to be sent to the drivers based on price elasticities. The objective is to satisfy the demand for a given price structure, or minimize the curtailment of loads,

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Ossen, Saskia, and Serge P. Hoogendoorn. "Car-Following Behavior Analysis from Microscopic Trajectory Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1934, no. 1 (2005): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193400102.

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The development of accurate and robust models in the field of car following has suffered greatly from the lack of appropriate microscopic data. Because of this lack, little is known about differences in car-following behavior between individual driver–vehicle combinations. This paper studies the car-following behaviors of individual drivers by making use of vehicle trajectory data extracted from high-resolution digital images collected at a high frequency from a helicopter. The analysis was performed by estimating the parameters of different specifications of the well-known Gazis–Herman–Rother

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Powell, Lyndsey R., Yanmei Piao, and YuHuang Wang. "Optical Excitation of Carbon Nanotubes Drives Localized Diazonium Reactions." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 7, no. 18 (2016): 3690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01771.

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Liu, Chun Sheng. "Relationship Modeling for the Psychological Impact of Night Vision on Braking Distance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.242.

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The traditional braking model does not consider the impact of drivers' visual distance error, which leads to deviation in determining the distance between vehicles, and therefore effective braking model cannot be built. In order to solve this problem, the paper proposes a modeling method reflecting the relationship between psychology of night vision and braking distance to get the optimal braking reaction speed thus realizing intelligent emergency brake control. The experimental results show that the model takes the relationship between psychology of night vision and braking distance into cons

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Yessentay, D. E., A. K. Kiyalbaev, S. N. Kiyalbay, and N. V. Borisуuk. "RELIABILITY CRITERION AND A MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL SPEED OF MOVEMENT ON AUTOMOBILE ROADS IN WINTER SLIDING CONDITIONS." NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 6, no. 444 (2020): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170x.138.

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The article presents a model for establishing the optimal speed of movement on highways, taking into account the determination of the braking distance in winter slippery conditions. According to the research results, it was established that the main criterion for the formation of road accidents on highways in winter slippery conditions is the drivers' underestimation of the adhesion qualities of road surfaces. The main criterion of the model under consideration is the interaction of the car wheel (braking distance) with the road (adhesion coefficient) and is a complex that characterizes the st

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Svoboda, Martin, Milan Chalupa, Karel Jelen, et al. "Load Measurement of the Cervical Vertebra C7 and the Head of Passengers of a Car While Driving across Uneven Terrain." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113849.

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The article deals with the measurement of dynamic effects that are transmitted to the driver (passenger) when driving in a car over obstacles. The measurements were performed in a real environment on a defined track at different driving speeds and different distributions of obstacles on the road. The reaction of the human organism, respectively the load of the cervical vertebrae and the heads of the driver and passenger, was measured. Experimental measurements were performed for different variants of driving conditions on a 28-year-old and healthy man. The measurement’s main objective was to d

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Ge, Jin I., and Gabor Orosz. "Optimal Control of Connected Vehicle Systems With Communication Delay and Driver Reaction Time." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 18, no. 8 (2017): 2056–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2016.2633164.

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Mańkowski, Tomasz, Jakub Tomczyński, Krzysztof Walas, and Dominik Belter. "PUT-Hand—Hybrid Industrial and Biomimetic Gripper for Elastic Object Manipulation." Electronics 9, no. 7 (2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071147.

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In this article, the design of a five-fingered anthropomorphic gripper is presented specifically designed for the manipulation of elastic objects. The manipulator features a hybrid design, being equipped with three fully actuated fingers for precise manipulation, and two underactuated, tendon-driven digits for secure power grasping. For ease of reproducibility, the design uses as many off-the-shelf and 3D-printed components as possible. The on-board controller circuit and firmware are also presented. The design includes resistive position and angle sensors in each joint, resulting in full join

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Davis, L. C. "Modifications of the optimal velocity traffic model to include delay due to driver reaction time." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 319 (March 2003): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(02)01457-7.

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Jia, Yanfeng, Dayi Qu, Xiaolong Ma, Lu Lin, and Jiale Hong. "Molecular Dynamics Characteristics and Model of Vehicle-Following Behavior." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (December 5, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8867805.

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The vehicle-following behavior is a self-organizing behavior that restores dynamic balance under the stimulation of external environmental factors. In fact, there are asymmetric problems in the process of acceleration and deceleration of drivers. The existing traditional models ignored the differences between acceleration and deceleration of vehicles. In order to solve this problem, the vehicles driving on the road are compared to interacting molecules. Vehicle-following characteristics are studied, and the molecular following model is established based on molecular dynamics. The model paramet

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Minschwaner, K., G. L. Manney, S. H. Wang, and R. S. Harwood. "Hydroxyl in the stratosphere and mesosphere – Part 1: Diurnal variability." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 9 (2010): 22317–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-22317-2010.

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Abstract. Diurnal variations in hydroxyl (OH) in the stratosphere and mesosphere are analyzed using measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The primary driver for OH diurnal variations is the ultraviolet actinic flux that initiates photochemical reactions which produce OH. The magnitude of this flux is governed largely by changes in solar zenith angle (SZA) throughout the day, and OH diurnal variations are well approximated by an exponential function of the secant of SZA. Measured OH concentrations are fit to a function of the form exp[−βsec(SZA)], where the parameter β is a f

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Yang, Mihong, Huiyan Li, Xiaozhou Sun, et al. "Toward Wearable EEG-based Alertness Detection System Using SVM with Optimal Minimum Channels." MATEC Web of Conferences 214 (2018): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821403009.

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Alertness is the state of attention by high sensory awareness. A lack of alertness is one of the main reasons of serious accidents. Traffic accidents caused by driver’s drowsy driving have a high fatality rate. This paper presents an EEG-based alertness detection system. In order to ensure the convenience and long-term wearing comfort of EEG recordings, the wearable electrode cap will be the principal choice in the future, and the selection of channels will be limited. We first built a 3-D simulated driving platform using Unity3D. Then, we perform an experiment with driving drift task. EEG sig

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Lee, Seongjin, Wonteak Lim, Myoungho Sunwoo, and Kichun Jo. "Limited Visibility Aware Motion Planning for Autonomous Valet Parking Using Reachable Set Estimation." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041520.

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Autonomous driving helps drivers avoid paying attention to keeping to a lane or keeping a distance from the vehicle ahead. However, the autonomous driving is limited by the need to park upon the completion of driving. In this sense, automated valet parking (AVP) system is one of the promising technologies for enabling drivers to free themselves from the burden of parking. Nevertheless, the driver must continuously monitor the automated system in the current automation level. The main reason for monitoring the automation system is due to the limited sensor range and occlusions. For safety reaso

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Sheu, Jiuh-Biing, and Hsi-Jen Wu. "Driver perception uncertainty in perceived relative speed and reaction time in car following – A quantum optical flow perspective." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 80 (October 2015): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2015.07.017.

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19

Schwartz, Ira B., Eric Forgoston, Simone Bianco, and Leah B. Shaw. "Converging towards the optimal path to extinction." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 65 (2011): 1699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0159.

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Extinction appears ubiquitously in many fields, including chemical reactions, population biology, evolution and epidemiology. Even though extinction as a random process is a rare event, its occurrence is observed in large finite populations. Extinction occurs when fluctuations owing to random transitions act as an effective force that drives one or more components or species to vanish. Although there are many random paths to an extinct state, there is an optimal path that maximizes the probability to extinction. In this paper, we show that the optimal path is associated with the dynamical syst

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Vizitiu, Cristian, Călin Bîră, Adrian Dinculescu, Alexandru Nistorescu, and Mihaela Marin. "Exhaustive Description of the System Architecture and Prototype Implementation of an IoT-Based eHealth Biometric Monitoring System for Elders in Independent Living." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051837.

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In this paper, we present an exhaustive description of an extensible e-Health Internet-connected embedded system, which allows the measurement of three biometric parameters: pulse rate, oxygen saturation and temperature, via several wired and wireless sensors residing to the realm of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and cognitive assessment through Choice Reaction Time (CRT) analysis. The hardware used is based on ATMEGA AVR + MySignals Hardware printed circuit board (Hardware PCB), but with multiple upgrades (including porting from ATMEGA328P to ATMEGA2560). Multiple software improvements were

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Massoz, Quentin, Jacques Verly, and Marc Van Droogenbroeck. "Multi-Timescale Drowsiness Characterization Based on a Video of a Driver’s Face." Sensors 18, no. 9 (2018): 2801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092801.

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Drowsiness is a major cause of fatal accidents, in particular in transportation. It is therefore crucial to develop automatic, real-time drowsiness characterization systems designed to issue accurate and timely warnings of drowsiness to the driver. In practice, the least intrusive, physiology-based approach is to remotely monitor, via cameras, facial expressions indicative of drowsiness such as slow and long eye closures. Since the system’s decisions are based upon facial expressions in a given time window, there exists a trade-off between accuracy (best achieved with long windows, i.e., at lo

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Paredes-Mella, Javier, Daniel Varela, Pamela Fernández, and Oscar Espinoza-González. "Growth performance of Alexandrium catenella from the Chilean fjords under different environmental drivers: plasticity as a response to a highly variable environment." Journal of Plankton Research 42, no. 2 (2020): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbaa011.

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Abstract Alexandrium catenella, the main species associated with harmful algal blooms, has progressively increased its distribution through one of the most extensive and highly variable fjord systems in the world. In order to understand this successful expansion, we evaluated the effects of different salinities, light intensity, temperatures, nitrogen (N) forms and nitrogen/phosphate (N:P) ratio levels on the growth performance, using clones isolated from different locations across its wide geographic distribution. Results showed that the growth responses were plastic and, in some cases, diffe

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Brotosudarmo, Tatas H. P., and Richard J. Cogdell. "STUDY ON THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF PERIPHERAL LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEXES (LH2) IN PURPLE NON-SULPHUR PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 3 (2010): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21450.

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Photosynthesis provides an example of a natural process that has been optimized during evolution to harness solar energy efficiently and safely, and finally to use it to produce a carbon-based fuel. Initially, solar energy is captured by the light harvesting pigment-protein complexes. In purple bacteria these antenna complexes are constructed on a rather simple modular basis. Light absorbed by these antenna complexes is funnelled downhill to reaction centres, where light drives a trans-membrane redox reaction. The light harvesting proteins not only provide the scaffolding that correctly positi

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Muto, Yu, Gen Hirao, and Tamotsu Zako. "Transcription-Based Amplified Colorimetric Thrombin Sensor Using Non-Crosslinking Aggregation of DNA-Modified Gold Nanoparticles." Sensors 21, no. 13 (2021): 4318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134318.

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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been employed as colorimetric biosensors due to the color difference between their dispersed (red) and aggregated (blue) states. Although signal amplification reactions triggered by structural changes of the ligands on AuNPs have been widely used to improve measurement sensitivity, the use of ligands is limited. In this study, we designed a AuNP-based signal-amplifying sandwich biosensor, which does not require a conformational change in the ligands. Thrombin was used as a model target, which is recognized by two different probes. In the presence of the target,

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Dou, Liguang, Cunji Yan, Liangshu Zhong, et al. "Enhancing CO2 methanation over a metal foam structured catalyst by electric internal heating." Chemical Communications 56, no. 2 (2020): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc07525a.

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We develop an electric internal heating method based on a Ni-foam structured catalyst for CO<sub>2</sub> methanation, in which the Joule heat generated by electric current passing through the catalyst drives the reaction.

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Cardew, George, Siamak Noroozi, John E. Vinney, and Mihai Dupac. "Optimal Group Configurations of Fibre Materials Based on Inclusion Modelling." Key Engineering Materials 543 (March 2013): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.414.

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The use of high performance composites is becoming increasingly common in safety critical components. The key driver behind this research is the need to develop a better understanding of through thickness stresses where fibres and matrix are not uniformly distributed throughout the thickness. Classical distribution of composite is not always possible due to problems associated with manufacturing processes. Poor fibre distribution through the thickness affects the through thickness properties and can compromise the structural integrity. This paper presents a semi-analytical tool that can be use

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Ranganathan, R., S. Rakheja, and S. Sankar. "Steady Turning Stability of Partially Filled Tank Vehicles With Arbitrary Tank Geometry." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 111, no. 3 (1989): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3153078.

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Steady turning model of a partially filled tank vehicle is developed by integrating the roll plane model of the partially filled arbitrarily shaped tank with the static roll plane model of an articulated vehicle. The rollover immunity of the tank vehicle is investigated through computer simulation. The motion of the free surface of liquid and the associated load shift encountered during steady turning are computed using an iterative algorithm. The influence of tank geometry and liquid fill level on the rollover immunity of the tank vehicles is presented. Rollover threshold levels of a tractor-

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SAHGUSA, Shozo, Yoshiaki YANIAUCHI, Hiromitsu Mom, Atsushi ICHIKAWA, and Akio YABE. "Development of an Objective Lens Actuator for Isolating the Drive Reaction Force Using Half-Phase Bandwidth Method for Thin-Type Optical Disc Drives." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 60, no. 12 (1994): 1731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.60.1731.

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Rajani, Balvant, and Solomon Tesfamariam. "Uncoupled axial, flexural, and circumferential pipesoil interaction analyses of partially supported jointed water mains." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 6 (2004): 997–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-048.

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Pipelines used in the distribution of potable water are a vital part of everyday life. The pipelines buried in soilbackfill are exposed to different deleterious reactions; as a result, the design factor of safety may be significantly degraded and, consequently, pipelines may fail prematurely. Proactive pipeline management, which entails optimal maintenance, repair, or replacement strategies, helps increase the longevity of pipelines. The effect of different deterioration mechanisms and operating conditions needs to be understood to develop good proactive management practices. In this paper, a

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Cappa, Christopher D., Christopher Y. Lim, David H. Hagan, et al. "Biomass-burning-derived particles from a wide variety of fuels – Part 2: Effects of photochemical aging on particle optical and chemical properties." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 14 (2020): 8511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8511-2020.

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Abstract. Particles in smoke emitted from biomass combustion have a large impact on global climate and urban air quality. There is limited understanding of how particle optical properties – especially the contributions of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) – evolve with photochemical aging of smoke. We analyze the evolution of the optical properties and chemical composition of particles produced from combustion of a wide variety of biomass fuels, largely from the western United States. The smoke is photochemically aged in a reaction chamber over atmospheric-equivalent timescales ranging

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Yan, Lirong, Tiantian Wen, Jiawen Zhang, et al. "An Evaluation of Executive Control Function and Its Relationship with Driving Performance." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051763.

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The driver’s attentional state is a significant human factor in traffic safety. The executive control process is a crucial sub-function of attention. To explore the relationship between the driver’s driving performance and executive control function, a total of 35 healthy subjects were invited to take part in a simulated driving experiment and a task-cuing experiment. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their driving performance (aberrant driving behaviors, including lapses and errors) by the clustering method. Then the performance efficiency and electroencephalogram (EEG)

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Jeong, Sangsoo, Youngmi Baek, and Sang H. Son. "Component-Based Interactive Framework for Intelligent Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems." Sensors 20, no. 1 (2020): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010264.

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While emerging technology for self-driving automation in vehicles progresses rapidly, the transition to an era of roads full of fully connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) may take longer than expected. Until then, it is inevitable that CAVs should coexist and interact with drivers of non-autonomous vehicles (NAVs) in urban roads. During this period of transition, it is critical to provide road safety with the mixed vehicular traffic and uncertainty caused by human drivers. To investigate the issues caused by the coexistence and interaction with humans, we propose to build a component-based

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Christensen, Joseph A., Jinyuan Zhang, Jiawang Zhou, Jordan N. Nelson, and Michael R. Wasielewski. "Near-Infrared Excitation of the peri-Xanthenoxanthene Radical Cation Drives Energy-Demanding Hole Transfer Reactions." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122, no. 41 (2018): 23364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07819.

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Liang, Xiao (Joyce), S. Ilgin Guler, and Vikash V. Gayah. "Joint Optimization of Signal Phasing and Timing and Vehicle Speed Guidance in a Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (2019): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119841285.

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A joint traffic signal optimization algorithm is proposed which utilizes connected vehicle (CV) information to identify optimum signal timing and phasing plans while also providing speed guidance to individual vehicles to minimize total number of stopping maneuvers. The contribution of this paper is provision of speed guidance to both autonomous (AVs) and human-driven speed guidance-enabled vehicles (SGVs), recognizing that the latter may not fully comply with the speed guidance and would require some delay (i.e., reaction time) to implement it. The control algorithm is triggered at regular di

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Ji, Kyoungtae, Matko Orsag, and Kyoungseok Han. "Lane-Merging Strategy for a Self-Driving Car in Dense Traffic Using the Stackelberg Game Approach." Electronics 10, no. 8 (2021): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080894.

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This paper presents the lane-merging strategy for self-driving cars in dense traffic using the Stackelberg game approach. From the perspective of the self-driving car, in order to make sufficient space to merge into the next lane, a self-driving car should interact with the vehicles in the next lane. In heavy traffic, where the possible actions of the vehicle are pretty limited, it is possible to conjecture the driving intentions of the vehicles from their behaviors. For example, by observing the speed changes of the human-driver in the next lane, the self-driving car can estimate its driving

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Borovyk, O., and V. Kupelskiy. "ALGORITHMIC SUPPORT FOR SELECTING OPTIMAL TRAFFIC ROUTE OF MOTOR CONVOY OF RAPID REACTION BORDER COMMAND POST." Collection of scientific works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, no. 64 (2019): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-481x/2019/64-03.

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The rapid response border commandant's office is a structural unit of the border detachment, designed to protect and strengthen the protection of a certain section of the state border, and must quickly redeploy its forces and assets. The success of the tasks assigned to the unit depends largely on the timeliness of arrival at the destination. Operational transportation of a significant amount of weapons, personnel and dissimilar cargoes on land is carried out using equipment. At the preparatory stage of the organization of transportation, the problem of forming the optimal composition of the c

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Kalashnyk, Nataliya, Eric Salomon, Sung Hwan Mun, et al. "The Orientation of Silver Surfaces Drives the Reactivity and the Selectivity in Homo-Coupling Reactions." ChemPhysChem 19, no. 15 (2018): 1802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201800406.

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Pallas, Florian, Lisa E. Bolton, and Lara Lobschat. "Shifting the Blame." Journal of Service Research 21, no. 3 (2018): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670518755314.

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The proliferation of surcharges in service pricing raises theoretical and pragmatic questions regarding their impact on consumers. This research investigates how surcharges influence consumer responses to a service price increase. We propose that various kinds of surcharge information act in concert to drive blame attributions for a price increase: Internal (vs. external) surcharges increase blame attributions and minimize the influence of other drivers captured in surcharge information such as temporal stability, surcharge benefit, and more than one kind of surcharge. In comparison to all-inc

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Williamson, Deborah A., Glen P. Carter, and Benjamin P. Howden. "Current and Emerging Topical Antibacterials and Antiseptics: Agents, Action, and Resistance Patterns." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 30, no. 3 (2017): 827–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00112-16.

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SUMMARYBacterial skin infections represent some of the most common infectious diseases globally. Prevention and treatment of skin infections can involve application of a topical antimicrobial, which may be an antibiotic (such as mupirocin or fusidic acid) or an antiseptic (such as chlorhexidine or alcohol). However, there is limited evidence to support the widespread prophylactic or therapeutic use of topical agents. Challenges involved in the use of topical antimicrobials include increasing rates of bacterial resistance, local hypersensitivity reactions (particularly to older agents, such as

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Kaczmarek, Wojciech, Jarosław Panasiuk, Szymon Borys, Aneta Pobudkowska, and Mikołaj Majsterek. "Analysis of the Kinetics of Swimming Pool Water Reaction in Analytical Device Reproducing Its Circulation on a Small Scale." Sensors 20, no. 17 (2020): 4820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174820.

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The most common cause of diseases in swimming pools is the lack of sanitary control of water quality; water may contain microbiological and chemical contaminants. Among the people most at risk of infection are children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people. The origin of the problem is a need to develop a system that can predict the formation of chlorine water disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). THMs are volatile organic compounds from the group of alkyl halides, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and bioaccumulating. Long-term exposure, even to low concentrati

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Heiles, Sven. "Advanced tandem mass spectrometry in metabolomics and lipidomics—methods and applications." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 413, no. 24 (2021): 5927–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03425-1.

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AbstractMetabolomics and lipidomics are new drivers of the omics era as molecular signatures and selected analytes allow phenotypic characterization and serve as biomarkers, respectively. The growing capabilities of untargeted and targeted workflows, which primarily rely on mass spectrometric platforms, enable extensive charting or identification of bioactive metabolites and lipids. Structural annotation of these compounds is key in order to link specific molecular entities to defined biochemical functions or phenotypes. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS), first and foremost collision-induced disso

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Minschwaner, K., G. L. Manney, S. H. Wang, and R. S. Harwood. "Hydroxyl in the stratosphere and mesosphere – Part 1: Diurnal variability." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 3 (2011): 955–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-955-2011.

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Abstract. Diurnal variations in hydroxyl (OH) in the stratosphere and mesosphere are analyzed using measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The primary driver for OH diurnal variations is the ultraviolet actinic flux that initiates the photochemical production of reactive hydrogen species. The magnitude of this flux is governed largely by changes in solar zenith angle (SZA) throughout the day, and OH diurnal variations are well approximated by an exponential function of the secant of SZA. Measured OH concentrations are fit to a function of the form exp[−βsec(SZA)], where the p

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Occhipinti, Annalisa, Filmon Eyassu, Thahira J. Rahman, Pattanathu K. S. M. Rahman, and Claudio Angione. "In silico engineering ofPseudomonasmetabolism reveals new biomarkers for increased biosurfactant production." PeerJ 6 (December 17, 2018): e6046. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6046.

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BackgroundRhamnolipids, biosurfactants with a wide range of biomedical applications, are amphiphilic molecules produced on the surfaces of or excreted extracellularly by bacteria includingPseudomonas aeruginosa. However,Pseudomonas putidais a non-pathogenic model organism with greater metabolic versatility and potential for industrial applications.MethodsWe investigate in silico the metabolic capabilities ofP. putidafor rhamnolipids biosynthesis using statistical, metabolic and synthetic engineering approaches after introducing key genes (RhlAandRhlB) fromP. aeruginosainto a genome-scale model

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France, J. L., M. D. King, M. M. Frey, et al. "Snow optical properties at Dome C, Antarctica – implications for snow emissions and snow chemistry of reactive nitrogen." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 4 (2011): 11959–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-11959-2011.

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Abstract. Measurements of $e$-folding depth, nadir reflectivity and stratigraphy of the snowpack around Concordia station (Dome C, 75.10° S, 123.31° E) were undertaken and used to determine wavelength dependent coefficients (350 nm to 550 nm) for light scattering and absorption and to calculate potential fluxes of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the snowpack due to nitrate photolysis within the snowpack. The stratigraphy of the top 80 cm of Dome C snowpack generally consists of three main layers: a surface of soft windpack (not ubiquitous), a hard windpack and a hoar-like layer beneath the windpac

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Guan, Cassandra Xin. "Critique of Flowers: The Exigency of Life in the Era of Its Technical Reproducibility." October, no. 175 (2021): 26–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00415.

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Abstract Need, as an epigenetic concept, originated with Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, for whom it referred to the pressure of circumstances that compel animals to develop new organs in the course of evolution. It reappeared in twentieth-century science as the somatic disequilibrium that Sigmund Freud, following Psycho-Lamarckian biologists, first called “the need of life” (die Not des Lebens) and then “the drives” (Trieb). The invention of time-lapse cinematography around 1900, initially as an optical instrument in the experimental study of plant physiology, visibly enlarged the epigenetic paradigm:

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Inamdar, Swaleha, Liselotte Tinel, Rosie Chance, et al. "Estimation of reactive inorganic iodine fluxes in the Indian and Southern Ocean marine boundary layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 20 (2020): 12093–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12093-2020.

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Abstract. Iodine chemistry has noteworthy impacts on the oxidising capacity of the marine boundary layer (MBL) through the depletion of ozone (O3) and changes to HOx (OH∕HO2) and NOx (NO∕NO2) ratios. Hitherto, studies have shown that the reaction of atmospheric O3 with surface seawater iodide (I−) contributes to the flux of iodine species into the MBL mainly as hypoiodous acid (HOI) and molecular iodine (I2). Here, we present the first concomitant observations of iodine oxide (IO), O3 in the gas phase, and sea surface iodide concentrations. The results from three field campaigns in the Indian

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Burtsev, V. A., S. Y. Gus'kov, V. B. Rozanov, et al. "Mathematical modeling of the thermonuclear burning in DHe3 targets with D-T ignition." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 4 (1993): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460000642x.

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It is shown that there is a principal possibility of effective burning with gain G > 200 of ecologically clean DHe3 fuel in reactor-type targets without increase of driver energy. The proper target consists of DHe3 fuel and a D-T ignitor with a central hot spark. Under proper conditions, the D-T burning wave reaches the DHe3 range with the temperature sufficient for ignition of DHe3 plasma. The simulation was carried out by means of TERA code based upon self-consistent solution of a kinetic equations system for products of primary and secondary thermonuclear reactions by the Monte Carlo met

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Farhang Mehr, Ali, and Irem Y. Tumer. "Risk-Based Decision-Making for Managing Resources During the Design of Complex Space Exploration Systems." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 4 (2006): 1014–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2205868.

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Complex space exploration systems are often designed in collaborative engineering environments where requirements and design decisions by various subsystem engineers have a great impact on the overall risk of the mission. As a result, the system-level management should allocate risk mitigation resources (e.g., capital to place additional sensors or to improve the current technology) among various risk elements such that the main objectives of the system are achieved as closely as possible. Minimizing risk has been long accepted as one of the major drivers for system-level decisions and particu

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Das, Anutosh, Sumaia Kashem, and Mahamudul Hasan. "Using market mechanism to stimulate sustainable use of the non-renewable environmental resource (groundwater) in Barind Tract of Bangladesh." HKIE Transactions 28, no. 1 (2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v28n1thie-2020-0036.

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Agriculture, the main economic driver of Barind Tract, is highly dependent on groundwater for surface water paucity in the area. Notwithstanding, farmers use water capriciously due to its low price that makes a substantial drop in the water table. In this context, the research attempts to determine a market-based water pricing mechanism to encourage an optimal use of the scarce non-renewable resource. Required data was collected by questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Contingent Valuation Method, expert-opinion survey and subsequent literature works. The results reveal that depl

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Jiang, Luo, Jie Ji, Yue Ren, Hong Wang, and Yanjun Huang. "Risk Modeling and Quantification of a Platoon in Mixed Traffic Based on the Mass-Spring-Damper Model." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (July 8, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7475682.

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Connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies have great potential to improve road safety. However, an emerging type of mixed traffic flow with human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and CAVs has also arisen in recent years. To improve the overall safety of this mixed traffic flow, a novel car-following model is proposed to control the driving behaviors of the above two types of vehicles in a platoon from the perspective of a mechanical system, mass-spring-damper (MSD) system. Furthermore, a quantitative index is proposed by incorporating the psychological field theory into the MSD model. The error

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