Journal articles on the topic 'Driver grabcar'

Penelitian ini berjutuan mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan kepuasan konsumen Jasa Transportasi Online GrabCarpada Mahasiswa Jurusan Administrasi Bisnis Universitas Halu Oleo, dengan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Observasi, Studi Pustaka, Wawancara dan Dokumentasi. Data diperoleh dengan menjadikan sepuluh(10) orang informan mahasiswa yang perna menggunakan jasa GrabCar dan tiga (3) orang driver GrabCar. Analisis data menggunakan Deskriptif Kualitatif dimulai dari pengumpulan data, perbandingan data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan atau Ferivikasi selanjutnya diinterperstasikan untuk memberi kesimpulan. Kepuasan konsumen transportasi Online GrabCardi jurusan Administrasi Bisnis berdasarkan indikator Kualitas produk, Harga, Kualitas Pelayanan dan Emosional dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: a)Prespektif kualitas prodak, GrabCar menjadi produk yang diunggulkan oleh konsumen,. b)Prespektif kualitas pelayanan, driver GrabCardalam memeberikan pelayanan masih terbilang variatif. c)Prespektif harga, GrabCar telah memberikan harga yang sesuai dengan harpan konsumen. d)Prespektif emosional, konsumen terlihat pedeh dan percaya diri ketika menggunakan jasa GrabCar. Sehinggar hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa secara keseluruhan konsumen merasa puas dengan layanan yang diberikan oleh GrabCar, namun ada beberapa catatan yang harus diperhatikan pada kualitas pelayanan seperti sikap dan ketepatan waktu driver dalam menjemput konsumen dan mengantar konsumen. Kata Kunci : Kepuasan Konsumen

Salah satu bentuk manipulasi data elektronik juga terjadi dalam dunia transportasi online. Subjek dalam hal ini adalah driver GrabCar. Normalnya seorang driver GrabCar mendapatkan dan menjalankan orderan yang diberikan oleh sistem aplikasi GrabCar apabila ada orderan kastamer yang masuk kedalam akun aplikasi driver GrabCar. Setiap orderan yang diselesaikan driver GrabCar mendapatkan poin. Poin inilah yang harus dikumpulkan dan dikejar si driver GrabCar untuk memperoleh target bonus insentif. Karena tantangan dalam memperoleh bonus insentif itu cukup berat maka si driver melakukan kecurangan dengan memanipulasi sistem order. Dengan demikian perbuatan itu jelas melanggar ketentuan hukum bahkan peraturan perusahaan GrabCar itu sendiri. Selain sanksi dari perusahaan Grab berupa putus mitra, pelaku dapat dikenai sanksi pidana sebagaimana diatur dalam undang-undang informasi dan transaksi elektronik.

Kota Kendari menjadi salah satu kota yang berpotensi untuk pembangunan bisnis transportasi, kota kendari adalah Ibu Kota Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara di mana Kota Kendari menjadi tujuan utama dari beberapa daerah di Sulawesi Tenggara untuk melanjutkan pendidikan. Grab merupakan salah satu penyedia layanan jasa tranportasi berbasis online yang masuk pertama kali di kota kendari, kemudian berapa tahun kemudian Go-Car ikut masuk bersaing di bidang transportasi di Kota Kendari. Munculnya transportasi berbasis online membantu memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat yang ada di perkotaan, dan salah satu solusi bagi para perantau yang belum memiliki kendaraan seperti mahasiswa maupun pegawai perusahaan, dengan adanya tranportasi online semua bisa berpergian dengan mudah, aplikasi GrabCar dan Go-Car dapat diunduh pada smartphone yang memiliki sistem operasi iOS dan Android. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan dan perbandingan pendapatan antara driver GrabCar dan Go-Car di Kota Kendari. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh driver GrabCar dan Go-Car yang beroperasi di Kota Kendari. Adapun Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 100 responden yang dibagi antara 50 responden GrabCar dan 50 Responden Go-Car. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan wawancara personel, kuesioner, checklist, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, mayoritas pendapatan yang diterima oleh responden driver GrabCar melebihi pendapatan driver Go-Car. Dalam hal ini peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa ada perbandingan pendapatan antara driver GrabCar dan Go-Car di Kota Kendari tahun 2020.

Advancements in information technology, particularly towards the globalization of communication, have a significant impact on the dynamics of society and the nation. The rapid development of information technology in recent years has brought both positive and negative effects on the lives of people across various countries. In Indonesia, the transportation sector is witnessing a transformation with the rise of application-based services, commonly referred to as online transportation. By delivering value and satisfaction to customers through competitive pricing of products and services, PT. Grab Indonesia has been motivated to enhance its application offerings, including GrabTaxi, GrabCar, GrabShare, GrabBike, GrabExpress, GrabFood, GrabHitch, and GrabHitch Car. Grab stands out as one of the largest online transportation platforms, with its market share fluctuating between 2019 and 2021. In 2019, Grab's market share was 43.1%, which increased to 43.5% in 2020, but subsequently declined to 39.7% in 2021. This success as a top brand is attributed to effective collaboration among management, drivers, and customers. By emphasizing comfort and safety, as well as maintaining competitive fares, Grab has been able to enhance its service ratings. To maintain its position as a leading brand, Grab must continually refine its strategies to attract public interest, demonstrate distinct advantages, and differentiate itself from competitors. Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang menuju globalisasi komunikasi memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap peradaban masyarakat dan bangsa. Saat ini, kita menyaksikan kemajuan pesat dalam teknologi informasi yang membawa berbagai konsekuensi, baik positif maupun negatif, terhadap kehidupan sosial di berbagai negara. Di Indonesia, sektor transportasi tengah mengalami transformasi dengan munculnya layanan berbasis aplikasi, yang dikenal sebagai transportasi online. Layanan ini menawarkan nilai tambah dan kepuasan kepada pelanggan melalui penyampaian produk dan jasa dengan harga kompetitif. PT. Grab Indonesia, sebagai salah satu pelaku utama, telah mengembangkan berbagai layanan aplikasi, termasuk GrabTaxi, GrabCar, GrabShare, GrabBike, GrabExpress, GrabFood, GrabHitch Bike, dan GrabHitch Car. Grab telah menjadi salah satu penyedia transportasi online terbesar di Indonesia, meskipun mengalami fluktuasi pangsa pasar antara tahun 2019 dan 2021. Pada tahun 2019, pangsa pasar Grab tercatat sebesar 43,1%, meningkat menjadi 43,5% pada tahun 2020, namun turun menjadi 39,7% pada tahun 2021. Keberhasilan Grab dalam meraih posisi top brand merupakan hasil dari kolaborasi yang baik antara manajemen, driver, dan konsumen. Dengan fokus pada kenyamanan dan keamanan, tarif juga berperan penting dalam mendukung reputasi layanan ini. Untuk mempertahankan status sebagai top brand, Grab harus terus berinovasi dan menunjukkan keunggulan serta perbedaan dibandingkan pesaingnya.

Taxis, being a significant element of mobility, play a sufficiently great role in public transportation. However, the issues towards taxi services have gradually increased due to the poor services given to passengers by taxi operators, leading to the demand for other ride service alternatives. With the development of technology, GrabCar was developed and launched as an online taxi booking through smartphone application which can easily connect passengers and drivers. The main purpose of this study is to find out the perception of taxi operators towards GrabCar service and vice versa so that there will be a clear point of view to identify opportunities and challenges for taxi operators. Standardized open-ended interviews were conducted with 5 taxi and 5 GrabCar operators in Kuala Terengganu and Kuala Nerus. Interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. The findings showed that there were more challenges than opportunities for the taxi operators. This study could help the government to improve taxi services in general and GrabCar services in sharing economy.

Various legal issues that have surfaced to date cannot be separated from the development of information technology that has mastered the world map. People as consumers really need fast and cheap transportation services to transport people or goods to meet their daily needs. The presence of the Gojek and GrabCar application services is one of the solutions needed by the community at this time, but there is no legal umbrella that regulates people’s transportation services for motorbikes or motorbikes and the transportation of people or passengers to Gocar or Grabcar in private cars, causing various legal issues in its application. Legal issues that arise, are forms of legal protection for consumer users and dispute resolution due to default by one of the parties. The research method is empirical research by processing primary and secondary data, which are then analyzed qualitatively. Conclusions on the results of the discussion: a form of legal protection for consumers and drivers in the form of compensation or assistance in the amount of five to 10 million rupiahs for guaranteed protection for hospital fees and in the event of accidents and life insurance guarantees from AXA Group. The procedure for resolving a default by a Gojek-GrabCar application provider as a result of private law or civil relations is that the application service user as a party to the agreement can choose to take legal action (litigation) or peace/mediation/conciliation (non-litigation).

Abstract Background and Purpose: Management Commitment to Service Quality (MSCQ) has been found to positively predict employee’s service quality and service behaviors in different service industries. In the context of sharing economy, the relationship between company and service providers is different from traditional employment relationship. For car-hailing service, drivers are mainly classified as contractors rather than employees. It is, therefore, necessary to understand whether MSCQ influences drivers’ service quality in a car-hailing context. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from 214 GrabCar drivers in Vietnam using online and offline survey. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for data analysis. Results: The findings suggest that three dimensions of MCSQ, namely reward system, technology support and organizational support exert significant direct impact on drivers’ service behaviors. In addition, job involvement plays an intermediary role in the relationship between MCSQ and service behaviors. Conclusion: This study expands previous research on MCSQ to the car-haling service and confirms the role of job involvement as an important mechanism to improve service quality provided by drivers. Due to the characteristics of the company-service providers’ relationship in the sharing economy, the mechanisms through which MCSQ influences providers’ service performance need to be investigated in further details.

E-hailing services have a pivotal role in mitigating traffic congestion and decreasing the volume of private vehicles on the streets, thereby amplifying the effectiveness of the road transportation network. It provides income opportunities for drivers who can work flexible hours and utilize their own vehicles to earn money. Nevertheless, various obstacles stand in the way of the growth of e-hailing services, with customer acceptance being a prominent concern. Consequently, the primary objective of this research is to assess the extent to which the community embraces e-hailing applications, specifically focusing on Grabcar. By employing a systematic random sampling technique, a total of 345 individuals participated in this comprehensive study. The outcomes, analyzed through the lens of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, reveal that the relative advantages, ease of use, trialability, social influence, and physical security significantly shape individuals' acceptance to adopt the Grabcar application. The findings of this study carry substantial implications for academic scholars and policymakers alike, guiding the creation of innovative strategies to optimize the potential of digital application services. As future research evolves, it may diverge from these findings to delve into qualitative aspects within this research realm, encompassing vital economic, social, and governance components. Such exploration would align with the ambitious pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals, reflecting a broader commitment to holistic societal advancement and responsible technological integration. Focusing solely on a specific region or demographic, this study's limitation could restrict its findings' broader applicability to a diverse population.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini menguji pengalaman pelanggan online pasca pembelian yang memengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan dan niat pembelian kembali saat membeli makanan segar secara online pada e-commerce GrabMart. Ini juga mengeksplorasi peran citra perusahaan sebagai moderator. Sebuah survei online dilakukan di Jakarta dengan pemodelan persamaan struktural kuadrat terkecil parsial (PLS-SEM) digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang dikumpulkan dari 116 pembeli online makanan segar di Jakarta. Temuan yang didapat yaitu pengalaman pelanggan pasca pembelian secara signifikan mendorong niat pembelian ulang pelanggan dengan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Selain itu, untuk perusahaan dengan citra perusahaan yang baik, niat pembelian ulang pelanggan lebih mudah dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman pelanggan pascapembelian. Temuan ini menginformasikan perusahaan e-commerce GrabMart makanan segar tentang pengalaman pelanggan pascapembelian yang sebagian besar mendorong kepuasan pelanggan dan membantu mempertahankan pelanggan. Selanjutnya, ini menyiratkan bahwa perusahaan dengan citra perusahaan GrabMart yang baik harus menyediakan pengalaman pelanggan pasca pembelian berkualitas tinggi yang sesuai dengan citra karena konsekuensi yang terkait dengan pengalaman pelanggan pasca pembelian yang buruk bisa sangat parah.
 
 The purpose of this research is to examine the post-purchase online customer experience that influences customer satisfaction and repurchase intention when buying fresh food online at GrabMart e-commerce. It also explores the role of corporate image as a moderator. An online survey conducted in Jakarta with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze data collected from 116 fresh food online shoppers in Jakarta. The findings obtained are that post-purchase customer experience significantly encourages customer repurchase intentions by increasing customer satisfaction. In addition, for companies with a good corporate image, customer repurchase intentions are more easily influenced by the customer's post-purchase experience. These findings inform fresh food e-commerce company GrabMart about the post-purchase customer experience that largely drives customer satisfaction and helps retain customers. Further, this implies that a company with a good GrabMart corporate image should provide a high-quality post-purchase customer experience befitting the image because the consequences associated with a poor post-purchase customer experience can be severe.
 
 The purpose of this research is to examine the post-purchase online customer experience that influences customer satisfaction and repurchase intention when buying fresh food online at GrabMart e-commerce. It also explores the role of corporate image as a moderator. An online survey conducted in Jakarta with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze data collected from 116 fresh food online shoppers in Jakarta. The findings obtained are that post-purchase customer experience significantly encourages customer repurchase intentions by increasing customer satisfaction. In addition, for companies with a good corporate image, customer repurchase intentions are more easily influenced by the customer's post-purchase experience. These findings inform fresh food e-commerce company GrabMart about the post-purchase customer experience that largely drives customer satisfaction and helps retain customers. Further, this implies that a company with a good GrabMart corporate image should provide a high-quality post-purchase customer experience befitting the image because the consequences associated with a poor post-purchase customer experience can be severe.

In order to better adapt to the modern physics experiments under intelligent conditions, we examined a number of modern physics experiment the intelligent way from data acquisition and processing and concluded: Data collection can be attributed to two ways, one way is by means of computer device (such as sound card) to receive data, another way to install the data acquisition card (or frame grabber), moreover to install device driver in the computer; Modern experimental data processing is the main purpose of the intelligentization, with special software, fast data processing, and giving visual results. The results contribute to a better use of computer-based modern physics experiments.

Indonesia is one of the countries with a large market for online transportation. This paper describes a meta-analysis on policy inequality regarding public transportation. Meta-analysis and Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Software (CAQDAS) were utilized to evaluate the inequality of public transportation policy for conventional transportation. Scopus search engine was also used to identify broad literature on a particular policy regulation in Indonesia between 2010 and 2021. Then, this study employed online news related to the conflict between conventional and online transportation. The result disclosed a policy inequality between online and conventional transportation based on the social movement on online media. Thus, the government has to implement a strict policy applicable to transportation. The words “protest”, “regulation,” and “police” were also seen clearly on the issue. In addition, the protesters, comprised of drivers from Uber, Grabcar, and Go-Car, said that Transportation Ministry Regulation No 32/2016 would disadvantage them because it is too difficult to comply with the requirements. Hence, the government can decide on self-regulation to design a policy for online transportation. In this case, state law is still necessary when monopolistic attempts are made, unfair competition exists, public safety as consumers is maintained, and taxes are collected.

The development of communication media has led to the presence of applications to order online motorcycle taxi transportation services. The application can be easily downloaded via PlayStore or similar applications. Therefore, the purpose of this discussion is to find out how business competition is between conventional ojek and online ojek business actors. In Indonesia there are several online motorcycle taxi service providers such as Grab, Gojek, and Maxim. The services provided are not only in the form of online motorcycle taxi services, but also in the form of food delivery services (grabfood), online shopping services (grabmart), package delivery (grabexpress) and other services. It is known that there are problems between online motorcycle taxis and conventional motorcycle taxis that have occurred, such as the beating by a conventional motorcycle taxi driver against a Gojek driver in Bojongsoang, Bandung. In this study, the authors used a qualitative type of research because it discussed business competition between business actors. Meanwhile, the nature of the research used is descriptive research. The research approach used by the author in this journal is included in the type of statutory approach and the Case Approach.

The technology-driven era has encouraged Malaysians to use e-Wallet rather than paper money in their daily transactions. Numerous e-Wallet applications have been developed, such as GrabPay, Touch 'n Go eWallet, and Boost. Erstwhile, Malaysians perceived that using e-Wallets is troublesome and worthless. However, the COVID-19 outbreak has reframed the buyers' perceptions otherwise. This study investigates the impact of Covid-19 on consumer behavior towards the intention to use e-Wallet in Malaysia. A sample of 100 Malaysians has voluntarily participated in this survey. Data were assembled through an electronic survey questionnaire. Contrary to popular belief, the findings depicted that the behavioral intention to use e-Wallets among Malaysians had further accelerated due to the convenience perceptions, facilitating conditions, and perceived safety.

Few facies analysts or stratigraphers would argue against the contention that the transition to facies-driven sequence strati- graphic correlations represents one of the most important paradigm shifts in modern stratigraphy. What is less commonly appreciated is that most of the fundamental underpinnings of sequence stratigraphy were derived from a relatively small number of pioneers in the early to mid-1900s; most of them largely unknown or underappreciated by the current generation of sequence stratigraphers. Chief among these are Eliot Blackwelder, Amadeus Grabau, Joseph Barrell, John Rich, and Harry Wheeler. Blackwelder was perhaps the first to point out the presence and significance of regional unconformities in the packaging of strata in North America, which would later come to form the basis of the well-known cratonic megasequences of Larry Sloss. However, Blackwelder is best appreciated as the mentor and colleague of not only these other pioneers, but also of key workers who themselves ultimately mentored some of the most renowned sequence stratigraphers of the 1970s and 1980s. Amadeus Grabau focused his attention on expounding the law of the correlation of facies of Johannes Walther and bringing facies-driven correlations into stratigraphy; an approach at odds with the then prevailing view of lithostratigraphy as the principal physical stratigraphic framework. Grabau recognized that the rock record contains numerous temporal gaps that partition facies succes- sions, for which he defined the term “hiatus”. His Pulsation theory was used to explain the cycles of deposition and hiatal erosion/bypass, and although the mechanism is different, the net outcome of such “oscillations” is broadly similar to the effects of eustacy and tectonism that we assign to such changes today. Joseph Barrell developed the concept of base level and explored its role in controlling erosion versus deposition. Like Grabau, Barrell insisted that sedimentation was not continuous, leading to a stratigraphy that is replete with breaks of varying durations. For these he coined the term “diastems” for the small but more numerous breaks, which could be contrasted with those reflecting longer breaks which he referred to as “discontinuities”. John Rich evaluated depositional topography, for which he coined the terms clinoform, undaform and fondoform. He recognized that such depositional bodies necessarily link genetically related associations of sediment deposited from the shoreline to the basin center; what today we regard as the depositional system. The resulting architectures bounded by these surfaces form the underpinning of all systems tracts in modern sequence stratigraphy. Harry Wheeler formalized the concept of time-stratigraphy, demonstrating that temporal gaps in stratigraphy are as important in understanding the rock record as the rocks themselves. His novel approach of developing stratigraphic cross-sections with time on the vertical axis pioneered the concept of chronostratigraphy through the development of what are now referred to as Wheeler Diagrams. His resurrection of the base-level concept expounded by earlier workers was instrumental in defining sequences as unconformity-bounded units, re-establishing the concepts pio- neered by Blackwelder himself. In concert, these stratigraphic visionaries erected a stratigraphic framework focused on the understanding of the stratigraphic record as opposed to its simple lithostratigraphic mapping or biostratigraphic dating. These unsung pioneers put into place virtually all components of modern sequence stratigraphy more than two decades before its popularization in the scientific commubity.

To those scientists and researchers who use microscopes with video or digital cameras for the purpose of capture and display, there has always existed a fundamental problem, namely, imaging large tissue samples at high resolution.For some time, conventional technology has allowed video cameras to be attached to microscopes. The signal generated by these cameras can be captured and saved to a computer's hard drive using a frame grabber. A typical image capture and display resolution is 640 by 480 (307,200) pixels. Although the image produced is ‘good’, it is by no means considered ‘high resolution’. For the sake of discussion, ‘high resolution’ is defined as greater than 1,000 x 1,000 (1,000,000) pixels. High resolution images are essential for medical applications. Today's modern digital cameras can meet or exceed this value. The human eye, if compared to these examples, has the equivalent resolution of greater than 5,000 x 5,000 (25,000,000) pixels.

This study aims to explore the key factors that influence users' acceptance of financial services features in Grab's super app and their intention to continue using them. Through an in-depth analysis of Grab's business model, branded services strategy and its differentiation strategy for financial services, this paper reveals the multiple factors that drive user acceptance and continued use of Grab's financial services. Research shows that Grab's one-stop service model greatly facilitates users, while platforms that integrate multiple services provide rich user data that helps Grab optimize its services and target its market accurately. In addition, innovations in Grab's financial services, such as GrabPay and the launch of personal credit services, have also significantly improved its market competitiveness and user satisfaction. Through case studies, this study provides Grab with targeted strategy recommendations to optimize user experience and enhance customer loyalty. These findings not only provide a basis for Grab's strategy adjustments, but also provide a reference for other enterprises to effectively integrate and promote financial services in super apps.

In the ever-expanding online fashion market, businesses in the clothing sales sector are presented with substantial growth opportunities. To utilize this potential, it is crucial to implement effective methods for accurately identifying clothing items. This entails a deep understanding of customer preferences, niche markets, tailored sales strategies, and an improved user experience. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can recognize and categorize clothing items play a crucial role in achieving these objectives, empowering businesses to boost sales and gain valuable customer insights. However, the challenge lies in accurately classifying diverse attire items in a rapidly evolving fashion landscape. Variations in styles, colors, and patterns make it difficult to consistently categorize clothing. Additionally, the quality of images provided by users varies widely, and background clutter can further complicate the task of accurate classification. Existing systems may struggle to provide the level of accuracy needed to meet customer expectations. To address these challenges, a meticulous dataset preparation process is essential. This includes careful data organization, the application of background removal techniques such as the GrabCut Algorithm, and resizing images for uniformity. The proposed solution involves a hybrid approach, combining the strengths of the ResNet152 and EfficientNetB7 architectures. This fusion of techniques aims to create a classification system capable of reliably distinguishing between various clothing items. The key innovation in this study is the development of a Two-Objective Learning model that leverages the capabilities of both ResNet152 and EfficientNetB7 architectures. This fusion approach enhances the accuracy of clothing item classification. The meticulously prepared dataset serves as the foundation for this model, ensuring that it can handle diverse clothing items effectively. The proposed methodology promises a novel approach to image identification and feature extraction, leading to impressive classification accuracy of 94%, coupled with stability and robustness.

Soundscapes of tomorrow are defined now. Not just a mobile sonic brand signature, the AVAS is also an attention grabber and an imposed alert. The method invoked for its design must be collaborative and involve the brand, designers, marketers, stakeholders, but also drivers, residents and question its position in the soundscape. Defining the aesthetic with a shared semantic, listening, testing, in simulation, on road, with people, with sensors; any sound design should be the result of a collaborative process because it talks to people, improve the perceived quality of products, and improve the quality of life. If well made. Also AVAS sound is also regulated by international standards that are defining boundaries in the selection of the right sound. The signal emitted by the AVAS loudspeaker should follow these rules, in terms of minimum level and spectrum content at specific pedestrians' locations around the car. The simulation of the propagation of the sound from the loudspeaker to these positions in early phase of the design is important to avoid big design mistake. 3D acoustic simulations using FE acoustic software Actran and dedicated post-processing for AVAS are performed to confirm the correct location of loudspeaker and spectral content.

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is very good at classifying images. To measure the best CNN architecture, a study must be done against real-case scenarios. Aglaonema, one of the plants with high similarity, is chosen as a test case to compare CNN architecture. In this study, a classification process was carried out on five classes of Aglaonema imagery by comparing five architectures from the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method: LeNet, AlexNet, VGG16, Inception V3, and ResNet50. The total dataset used is 500 image data, with the distribution of training data by 80% and test data by 20%. The segmentation process is performed using the Grabcut algorithm by separating the foreground and background. To build a model for CNN architecture using Google Colab and Google Drive storage. The results of the tests carried out on five classes of Aglaonema images obtained the best accuracy, precision, and recall results on the Inception V3 architecture with values of 92.8%, 93%, and 92.8%. The CNN architecture has the highest level of accuracy in classifying aglaonema plant types based on images. This study seeks to close research gaps, contribute to the field of research, and serve as a platform for primary prevention research.

The peripheral stalk of F1F0 ATP synthase is essential for the binding of F1 to FO and for proper transfer of energy between the two sectors of the enzyme. The peripheral stalk of Escherichia coli is composed of a dimer of identical b subunits. In contrast, photosynthetic organisms express two b-like genes that form a heterodimeric peripheral stalk. Previously we generated chimeric peripheral stalks in which a portion of the tether and dimerization domains of the E. coli b subunits were replaced with homologous sequences from the b and b′ subunits of Thermosynechococcus elongatus (Claggett, S. B., Grabar, T. B., Dunn, S. D., and Cain, B. D. (2007) J. Bacteriol. 189, 5463–5471). The spatial arrangement of the chimeric b and b′ subunits, abbreviated Tb and Tb′, has been investigated by Cu2+-mediated disulfide cross-link formation. Disulfide formation was studied both in soluble model polypeptides and between full-length subunits within intact functional F1F0 ATP synthase complexes. In both cases, disulfides were preferentially formed between TbA83C and Tb′A90C, indicating the existence of a staggered relationship between helices of the two chimeric subunits. Even under stringent conditions rapid formation of disulfides between these positions occurred. Importantly, formation of this cross-link had no detectable effect on ATP-driven proton pumping, indicating that the staggered conformation is compatible with normal enzymatic activity. Under less stringent reaction conditions, it was also possible to detect b subunits cross-linked through identical positions, suggesting that an in-register, nonstaggered parallel conformation may also exist.

An automated fundus image analysis is used as a tool for the diagnosis of common retinal diseases. A good quality fundus image results in better diagnosis and hence discarding the degraded fundus images at the time of screening itself provides an opportunity to retake the adequate fundus photographs, which save both time and resources. In this paper, we propose a novel fundus image quality assessment (IQA) model using the convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the quality of optic disc (OD) visibility. We localize the OD by transfer learning with Inception v-3 model. Precise segmentation of OD is done using the GrabCut algorithm. Contour operations are applied to the segmented OD to approximate it to the nearest circle for finding its center and diameter. For training the model, we are using the publicly available fundus databases and a private hospital database. We have attained excellent classification accuracy for fundus IQA on DRIVE, CHASE-DB, and HRF databases. For the OD segmentation, we have experimented our method on DRINS-DB, DRISHTI-GS, and RIM-ONE v.3 databases and compared the results with existing state-of-the-art methods. Our proposed method outperforms existing methods for OD segmentation on Jaccard index and F-score metrics.

An automated fundus image analysis is used as a tool for the diagnosis of common retinal diseases. A good quality fundus image results in better diagnosis and hence discarding the degraded fundus images at the time of screening itself provides an opportunity to retake the adequate fundus photographs, which save both time and resources. In this paper, we propose a novel fundus image quality assessment (IQA) model using the convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the quality of optic disc (OD) visibility. We localize the OD by transfer learning with Inception v-3 model. Precise segmentation of OD is done using the GrabCut algorithm. Contour operations are applied to the segmented OD to approximate it to the nearest circle for finding its center and diameter. For training the model, we are using the publicly available fundus databases and a private hospital database. We have attained excellent classification accuracy for fundus IQA on DRIVE, CHASE-DB, and HRF databases. For the OD segmentation, we have experimented our method on DRINS-DB, DRISHTI-GS, and RIM-ONE v.3 databases and compared the results with existing state-of-the-art methods. Our proposed method outperforms existing methods for OD segmentation on Jaccard index and F-score metrics.

Using immortalized [3H]inositol-labelled S3 cells, we demonstrated in the present study that various elements of the inositol phosphate signalling cascade are recruited by a Drosophila homologue from a cytokine family of so-called GBPs (growth-blocking peptides). HPLC analysis revealed that dGBP (Drosophila GBP) elevated Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels 9-fold. By using fluorescent Ca2+ probes, we determined that dGBP initially mobilized Ca2+ from intracellular pools; the ensuing depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by dGBP subsequently activated a Ca2+ entry pathway. The addition of dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) to knock down expression of the Drosophila Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor almost completely eliminated mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores by dGBP. Taken together, the results of the present study describe a classical activation of PLC (phospholipase C) by dGBP. The peptide also promoted increases in the levels of other inositol phosphates with signalling credentials: Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 and Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5. These results greatly expand the regulatory repertoire of the dGBP family, and also characterize S3 cells as a model for studying the regulation of inositol phosphate metabolism and signalling by endogenous cell-surface receptors. We therefore created a cell-line (S3ITPK1) in which heterologous expression of human ITPK (inositol tetrakisphosphate kinase) was controlled by an inducible metallothionein promoter. We found that dGBP-stimulated S3ITPK1 cells did not synthesize Ins(3,4,5,6)P4, contradicting a hypothesis that the PLC-coupled phosphotransferase activity of ITPK1 [Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5+Ins(1,3,4)P3→Ins(3,4,5,6)P4+Ins(1,3,4,6)P4] is driven solely by the laws of mass action [Chamberlain, Qian, Stiles, Cho, Jones, Lesley, Grabau, Shears and Spraggon (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282, 28117–28125]. This conclusion represents a fundamental breach in our understanding of ITPK1 signalling.

ABSTRACT Health problems that arise in developing countries, including Indonesia, one of which is micronutrient deficiencies, especially in children under the age of 5 years, including stunting nutrition problems. This can be done in a practical, easy and safe stunting prevention effort to be taught to the community by doing complementary activities. This posyandu activity cannot be separated from the role of cadres. The role of cadres is very important as a driver and determinant of success in monitoring children's growth and development. For this reason, the government has launched an electronic application program to support the promotion process and public health services. To develop the SKOPIA application (Union of Complementary Mother and Child Education) as a Stunting Prevention Strategy with Complementary Therapy. This study uses the R&D method with the development of ADDIE. The study was conducted in the Grabag 2 Work Area with the respondents being mothers of under-five Posyandu cadres with 19 respondents, the sample selection was using purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria for cadres are 20-35 years old, physically and mentally healthy, willing to be a participant, have a mobile phone. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire to see the feasibility of the material, media and user aspects. The questionnaire has been tested through previous validity judgment. The results of the application feasibility assessment from the material aspect an average score of 67.67 with a very feasible category, the application feasibility from the media aspect an average score of 73.33 with a decent category, the feasibility of the application from a small group as much as 130.1 with a category very feasible, and the feasibility of the application from users as many as 125,21 with a very decent category. The Skopia application can be recommended as a medium of information and education for posyandu cadres, especially child health in alleviating stunting in children. Keywords: Application, Toddler, Complementary, Stunting ABSTRAK Masalah kesehatan yang muncul di negara berkembang termasuk di negara Indonesia salah satunya adalah kekurangan mikronutrien, khususnya pada anak dibawah usia 5 tahun, diantaranya masalah gizi stunting. Hal ini dapat dilakukan usaha pencegahan stunting yang praktis, mudah dan aman untuk diajarkan ke masyarakat dengan melakukan komplementer. Kegiatan posyandu ini tidak lepas dari peran kader. Peran kader sangat penting sebagai penggerak dan penentu keberhasilan dalam pemantauan tumbuh kembang anak. Untuk itu pemerintah mencanangkan adanya program elektronik aplikasi untuk mendukung proses promosi dan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat. Mengembangkan aplikasi SKOPIA (Serikat Pendidikan Komplementer Ibu dan Anak) sebagai Strategi Pencegahan Stunting Dengan Terapi komplementer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode R&D dengan pengembangan ADDIE. Penelitian dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Grabag 2 dengan respoden ibu kader posyandu balita dengan jumlah responden 19 orang, pemilihan sample dengan metode purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi usia kader 20-35 tahun, sehat jasmani rohani, bersedia menjadi partisipan, memiliki handphone. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner tertutup untuk melihat kelayakan dari aspek materi, media dan user. Kuesioner telah diuji melalui validity judgment sebelumnya. Hasil penilaian kelayakan aplikasi dari aspek materi rata-rata skor sebanyak 67,67 dengan kategori sangat layak, kelayakan aplikasi dari aspek media rata-rata skor sebanyak 73,33 dengan kategori layak, kelayakan aplikasi dari kelompok kecil sebanyak 130,1 dengan kategori sangat layak, dan kelayakan aplikasi dari user sebanyak 125,21 dengan kategori sangat layak. Aplikasi SKOPIA dapat direkomendasikan sebagai media informasi dan pendidikan untuk para kader posyandu khususnya kesehatan anak dalam pengentasan stunting pada anak Kata Kunci: Aplikasi, Balita, Komplementer, Stunting

Pedestrian detection is the core of the driver assistance system, which collects the road conditions through the radars or cameras on the vehicle, judges whether there is a pedestrian in front of the vehicle, supports decisions such as raising the alarm, automatically slowing down, or emergency stopping to keep pedestrians safe, and improves the security when the vehicle is moving. Suffering from weather, lighting, clothing, large pose variations, and occlusion, the current pedestrian detection still has a certain distance from the practical applications. In recent years, deep networks have shown excellent performance for image detection, recognition, and classification. Some researchers employed deep network for pedestrian detection and achieve great progress, but deep networks need huge computational resources, which make it difficult to put into practical applications. In real scenarios of autonomous vehicles, the computation ability is limited. Thus, the shallow networks such as UDN (Unified Deep Networks) is a better choice, since it performs well while consuming less computation resources. Based on UDN, this paper proposes a new deep network model named two-stream UDN, which augments another branch for solving traditional UDN’s indistinction of the difference between trees/telegraph poles and pedestrians. The new branch accepts the upper third part of the pedestrian image as input, and the partial image has less deformation, stable features, and more distinguished characters from other objects. For the proposed two-stream UDN, multi-input features including the HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients) feature, Sobel feature, color feature, and foreground regions extracted by GrabCut segmentation algorithms are fed. Compared with the original input of UDN, the multi-input features are more conducive for pedestrian detection, since the fused HOG features and significant objects are more significant for pedestrian detection. Two-stream UDN is trained through two steps. First, the two sub-networks are trained until converge; then, we fuse results of the two subnets as the final result and feed it back to the two subnets to fine tune network parameters synchronously. To improve the performance, Swish is adopted as the activation function to obtain a faster training speed, and positive samples are mirrored and rotated with small angles to make the positive and negative samples more balanced.

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The development of business in the era of globalization such as today resulted in higher levels of business competition, no exception in the service sector so that the company must implement a human resource management strategy well for the sake of the company survival and progress. As for the problem in this research is "is the Reward and Punishment affect the performance of Driver GrabCar in the region of Depok Java-West? The objectives in this study are to influence the impact of each variable, Reward (X1) and Punishment (X2) against performance (Y). The population in this study is all Driver GrabCar Partners in Depok Java – West area which amounted to 85 people. Samples were taken amounting to 85 respondents. Then analysis of the data obtained in the form of statistical analysis. Statistical analyses include validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, hypothesis tests via F test and T test and coefficient of determination (R2) analysis. The data analysis technique used is a double linear regression analysis that serves to prove the research hypothesis. Data that has fulfilled the validity test, reliability test, and classic assumption test are processed resulting in the following multiple linear regression equations: Y = 0.418 + 0.087 X1 + 0.166 X2 Results of analysis can be noted that the value of Kostanta 0.418 The reward regression coefficient (X1) of 0.087 and Punishment (X2) of 0.166 means positive impact on the employee's performance. Therefore, if Reward and Punishment are adjusted to 1 percent, there will be a performance increase (Y) of 0.87 percent. Variable Reward, Punishment and motivation have a positive value and significantly affect the performance of Driver GrabCar in Depok Java-West region. And the Free the (X1, X2) simultaneously affects the bound variable (Y) of the company. The Adjusted R Square number of 0.690 showed that 69 percent of performance variations could be described by the two independent variables used in regression equation. The remaining 32.2 percent is explained by other variables outside the sentence variable used in this study.

Laboratorium Mekatronika dan laboratorium Robotics di Universitas Tarumanagara merupakan laboratorium untuk mempelajari ilmu mekanika, elektronika, dan informatika. Dalam proses produksinya, Laboratorium Mekatronika dan Robotics sangat memperhatikan proses pembuatan robot yang dianalisis mulai dari proses pembuatan rangka dan komponen robot hingga proses pemasangan rangkaian elektronik dan penerapan program pada robot. Reverse engineering merupakan proses analisis produk yang sudah ada sebagai acuan untuk merancang produk yang sejenis dengan memperkecil dan meningkatkan keunggulan produk. Kegiatan Reverse Engineering (RE) dilakukan dengan cara Diassembly 3D printer lama, Assembly 3D printer lama, Benchmarking, Design 3D printer baru, dan terakhir adalah protyping. Reverse engineering dilakukan pada produk 3D printer Grabber i3. Untuk 3D printer baru ini dilakukan inovasi pada material produk, yaitu akrilik, power supply 12V 30A, motor driver A4988, extruder bowden MK8, dan menambah fitur baru yaitu heatbed

IntroductionAccounts of mentoring relationships inevitably draw attention to hierarchies of expertise, knowledge and learning. While public concerns about both the risks and benefits for young people of social media, little attention has been given to the nature of the mentoring role that parents and families play alongside of schools. This conceptual paper explores models of mentorship in the context of family dynamics as they are affected by social media use. This is a context that explicitly disrupts hierarchical structures of mentoring in that new media, and particularly social media use, tends to be driven by youth cultural practices, identity formation, experimentation and autonomy-seeking practices (see for example: Robards; boyd; Campos-Holland et al.; Hodkinson). A growing body of research supports the notion that young people are more skilled in navigating social media platforms than their parents (FOSI; Campos-Holland et al.). This research establishes that uncertainty and tension derived from parents’ impression that their children know more about social media they do (FOSI; Sorbring) has brought about a market for advice and educational programs. In the content of this paper it is notable that when family dynamics and young people’s social media use are addressed through notions of digital citizenship or cyber safety programs, a hierarchical mentorship is assumed, but also problematised; thus the expertise hierarchy is inverted. This paper argues that use of social media platforms, networks, and digital devices challenges traditional hierarchies of expertise in family environments. Family members, parents and children in particular, are involved in ongoing, complex conversations and negotiations about expertise in relation to technology and social media use. These negotiations open up an alternative space for mentorship, challenging traditional roles and suggesting the need for cooperative processes. And this, in turn, can inspire new ways of relating with and through social media and mobile technologies within the family.Inverting Expertise: Social Media, Family and MentoringSocial media are deeply embedded in everyday routines for the vast majority of the population. The emergence of the ‘networked society’, characterised by increasing and pervasive digital and social connectivity, has the potential to create new forms of social interactions within and across networks (Rainie and Wellman), but also to reconfigure intergenerational and family relations. In this way, social media introduces new power asymmetries that affect family dynamics and in particular relationships between young people and their parents. This relatively new mediated environment, by default, exposes young people to social contexts well beyond family and immediate peers making their lived experiences individual, situational and contextual (Swist et al.). The perceived risks this introduces can provoke tensions within families looking to manage those uncertain social contexts, in the process problematising traditional structures of mentorship. Mentoring is a practice predominantly understood within educational and professional workplace settings (Ambrosetti and Dekkers). Although different definitions can be found across disciplines, most models position a mentor as a more experienced knowledge holder, implying a hierarchical relationship between a mentor and mentee (Ambrosetti and Dekkers). Stereotypically, a mentor is understood to be older, wiser and more experienced, while a mentee is, in turn, younger and in need of guidance – a protégé. Alternative models of mentorship see mentoring as a reciprocal process (Eby, Rhodes and Allen; Naweed and Ambrosetti).This “reciprocal” perspective on mentorship recognises the opportunity both sides in the process have to contribute and benefit from the relationship. However, in situations where one party in the relationship does not have the expected knowledge, skills or confidence, this reciprocity becomes more difficult. Thus, as an alternative, asymmetrical or cooperative mentorship lies between the hierarchical and reciprocal (Naweed and Ambrosetti). It suggests that the more experienced side (whichever it is) takes a lead while mentoring is negotiated in a way that meets both sides’ needs. The parent-child relationship is generally understood in hierarchical terms. Traditionally, parents are considered to be mentors for their children, particularly in acquiring new skills and facilitating transitions towards adult life. Such perspectives on parent-child relationships are based on a “deficit” approach to youth, “whereby young people are situated as citizens-in-the-making” (Collin). Social media further problematises the hierarchical dynamic with the role of knowledge holder varying between and within the family members. In many contemporary mediated households, across developed and wealthy nations, technologically savvy children are actively tailoring their own childhoods. This is a context that requires a reconceptualisation of traditional mentoring models within the family context and recognition of each stakeholder’s expertise, knowledge and agency – a position that is markedly at odds with traditional deficit models. Negotiating Social Media Use within the FamilyIn the early stages of the internet and social media research, a generational gap was often at the centre of debates. Although highly contested, Prensky’s metaphor of digital natives and digital immigrants persists in both the popular media and academic literature. This paradigm portrays young people as tech savvy in contrast with their parents. However, such assumptions are rarely grounded in empirical evidence (Hargittai). Nonetheless, while parents are active users of social media, they find it difficult to negotiate social media use with their children (Sorbring). Some studies suggest that parental concerns arise from impressions that their children know more about social media than they do (FOSI; Wang, Bianchi and Raley). Additionally, parental concern with a child’s social media use is positively correlated with the child’s age; parents of older children are less confident in their skills and believe that their child is more digitally skillful (FOSI). However, it may be more productive to understand social media expertise within the family as shared: intermittently fluctuating between parents and children. In developed and wealthy countries, children are already using digital media by the age of five and throughout their pre-teen years predominantly for play and learning, and as teenagers they are almost universally avid social media users (Nansen; Nansen et al.; Swist et al.). Smartphone ownership has increased significantly among young people in Australia, reaching almost 80% in 2015, a proportion nearly identical to the adult population (Australian Communications and Media Authority). In addition, most young people are using multiple devices switching between them according to where, when and with whom they connect (Australian Communications and Media Authority). The locations of internet use have also diversified. While the home remains the most common site, young people make use of mobile devices to access the internet at school, friend’s homes, and via public Wi-Fi hotspots (Australian Communications and Media Authority). As a result, social media access and engagement has become more frequent and personalised and tied to processes of socialisation and well-being (Sorbring; Swist et al.). These developments have been rapid, introducing asymmetry into the parent-child mentoring dynamic along with family tensions about rules, norms and behaviours of media use. Negotiating an appropriate balance between emerging autonomy and parental oversight has always featured as a primary parenting challenge and social media seem to have introduced a new dimension in this context. A 2016 Pew report on parents, teens, and digital monitoring reveals that social media use has become central to the establishment of family rules and disciplinary practices, with over two thirds of parents reporting the use of “digital grounding” as punishment (Pew). As well as restricting social media use, the majority of parents report limiting the amount of time and times of day their children can be online. Interestingly, while parents engage in a variety of hands-on approaches to monitoring and regulating children’s social media use, they are less likely to use monitoring software, blocking/filtering online content, tracking locations and the like (Pew). These findings suggest that parents may lack confidence in technology-based restrictions or prefer pro-active, family based approaches involving discussion about appropriate social media use. This presents an opportunity to explore how social media produces new forms of parent-child relationships that might be best understood through the lens of cooperative models of mentorship. Digital Parenting: Technological and Pedagogical Interventions Parents along with educators and policy makers are looking for technological solutions to the knowledge gap, whether perceived or real, associated with concerns regarding young people’s social media use. Likewise, technology and social media companies are rushing to develop and sell advice, safety filters and resources of all kinds to meet such parental needs (Clark; McCosker). This relatively under-researched field requires further exploration and dissociation from the discourse of risk and fear (Livingstone). Furthermore, in order to develop opportunities modelled on concepts of cooperative mentoring, such programs and interventions need to move away from hierarchical assumptions about the nature of expertise within family contexts. As Collin and Swist point out, online campaigns aimed at addressing young people and children’s safety and wellbeing “are often still designed by adult ‘experts’” (Collin and Swist). A cooperative mentoring approach within family contexts would align with recent use of co-design or participatory design within social and health research and policy (Collin and Swist). In order to think through the potential of cooperative mentorship approaches in relation to social media use within the family, we examine some of the digital resources available to parents.Prominent US cyber safety and digital citizenship program Cyberwise is a commercial website founded by Diana Graber and Cynthia Lieberman, with connections to Verizon Wireless, Google and iKeepSafe among many other partnerships. In addition to learning resources around topics like “Being a Responsible Citizen of the Digital World”, Cyberwise offers online and face to face workshops on “cyber civics” in California, emphasising critical thinking, ethical discussion and decision making about digital media issues. The organisation aims to educate and support parents and teachers in their endeavor to guide young people in civil and safe social media use. CyberWise’s slogan “No grown up left behind!”, and its program of support and education is underpinned by and maintains the notion of adults as lacking expertise and lagging behind young people in digital literacy and social media skills. In the process, it introduces an additional level of expertise in the cyber safety expert and software-based interventions. Through a number of software partners, CyberWise provides a suite of tools that offer parents some control in preventing cyberbullying and establishing norms for cyber safety. For example, Frienedy is a dedicated social media platform that fosters a more private mode of networking for closed groups of mutually known people. It enables users to control completely what they share and with whom they share it. The tool does not introduce any explicit parental monitoring mechanisms, but seeks to impose an exclusive online environment divested of broader social influences and risks – an environment in which parents can “introduce kids to social media on their terms when they are ready”. Although Frienedy does not explicitly present itself as a monitoring tool, it does perpetuate hierarchical forms of mentorship and control for parents. On the other hand, PocketGuardian is a parental monitoring service for tracking children’s social media use, with an explicit emphasis on parental control: “Parents receive notification when cyberbullying or sexting is detected, plus resources to start a conversation with their child without intruding child’s privacy” (the software notifies parents when it detects an issue but without disclosing the content). The tool promotes its ability to step in on behalf of parents, removing “the task of manually inspecting your child's device and accounts”. The software claims that it analyses the content rather than merely catching “keywords” in its detection algorithms. Obviously, tools such as PocketGuardian reflect a hierarchical mentorship model (and recognise the expertise asymmetry) by imposing technological controls. The software, in a way, fosters a fear of expertise deficiency, while enabling technological controls to reassert the parent-child hierarchy. A different approach is exemplified by the Australian based Young and Well Cooperative Research Centre, a “living lab” experiment – this is an overt attempt to reverse deliberate asymmetry. This pedagogical intervention, initially taking the form of an research project, involved four young people designing and delivering a three-hour workshop on social networking and cyber safety for adult participants (Third et al.). The central aim was to disrupt the traditional way adults and young people relate to each other in relation to social media and technology use and attempted to support learning by reversing traditional roles of adult teacher and young student. In this way ‘a non-hierarchical space of intergenerational learning’ was created (Third et al.). The result was to create a setting where intergenerational conversation helped to demystify social media and technology, generate familiarity with sites, improve adult’s understanding of when they should assist young people, and deliver agency and self-efficacy for the young people involved (7-8). In this way, young people’s expertise was acknowledged as a reflection of a cooperative or asymmetrical mentoring relationship in which adult’s guidance and support could also play a part. These lessons have been applied and developed further through a participatory design approach to producing apps and tools such as Appreciate-a-mate (Collin and Swist). In that project “the inclusion of young people’s contexts became a way of activating and sustaining attachments in regard to the campaign’s future use”(313).In stark contrast to the CyberWise tools, the cooperative mentoring (or participatory design) approach, exemplified in this second example, has multiple positive outcomes: first it demystifies social media use and increases understanding of the role it plays in young people’s (and adults’) lives. Second, it increases adults’ familiarity and comfort in navigating their children’s social media use. Finally, for the young people involved, it supports a sense of achievement and acknowledges their expertise and agency. To build sustainability into these processes, we would argue that it is important to look at the family context and cooperative mentorship as an additional point of intervention. Understood in this sense, cooperative and asymmetrical mentoring between a parent and child echoes an authoritative parenting style which is proven to have the best outcome for children (Baumrind), but in a way that accommodates young people’s technology expertise.Both programs analysed target adults (parents) as less skilful than young people (their children) in relation to social media use. However, while first case study, the technology based interventions endorses hierarchical model, the Living Lab example (a pedagogical intervention) attempts to create an environment without hierarchical obstacles to learning and knowledge exchange. Although the parent-child relationship is indubitably characterised by the hierarchy to some extent, it also assumes continuous negotiation and role fluctuation. A continuous process, negotiation intensifies as children age and transition to more independent media use. In the current digital environment, this negotiation is often facilitated (or even led) by social media platforms as additional agents in the process. Unarguably, digital parenting might implicate both technological and pedagogical interventions; however, there should be a dialogue between the two. Without presumed expertise roles, non-hierarchical, cooperative environment for negotiating social media use can be developed. Cooperative mentorship, as a concept, offers an opportunity to connect research and practice through participatory design and it deserves further consideration.ConclusionsPrevailing approaches to cyber safety education tend to focus on risk management and in doing so, they maintain hierarchical forms of parental control. Adhering to such methods fails to acknowledge young people’s expertise and further deepens generational misunderstanding over social media use. Rather than insisting on hierarchical and traditional roles, there is a need to recognise and leverage asymmetrical expertise within the family in regards to social media.Cooperative and asymmetrical mentorship happens naturally in the family and can be facilitated by and through social media. The inverted hierarchy of expertise we have described here puts both parents and children, in a position of constant negotiation over social media use. This negotiation is complex, relational, unpredictable, open toward emergent possibilities and often intensive. Unquestionably, it is clear that social media provides opportunities for negotiation over, and inversion of, traditional family roles. Whether this inversion of expertise is real or only perceived, however, deserves further investigation. This article formulates some of the conceptual groundwork for an empirical study of family dynamics in relation to social media use and rulemaking. The study aims to continue to probe the positive potential of cooperative and asymmetrical mentorship and participatory design concepts and practices. The idea of cooperative mentorship does not necessarily provide a universal solution to how families negotiate social media use, but it does provide a new lens through which this dynamic can be observed. Clearly family dynamics, and the parent-child relationship, in particular, can play a vital part in supporting effective digital citizenship and wellbeing processes. Learning about this spontaneous and natural process of family negotiations might equip us with tools to inform policy and practices that can help parents and children to collaboratively create ‘a networked world in which they all want to live’ (boyd). ReferencesAmbrosetti, Angelina, and John Dekkers. "The Interconnectedness of the Roles of Mentors and Mentees in Pre-Service Teacher Education Mentoring Relationships." 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