Academic literature on the topic 'Driver performance'
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Journal articles on the topic "Driver performance"
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Desmond, Paula A., Peter A. Hancock, and Janelle L. Monette. "Fatigue and Automation-Induced Impairments in Simulated Driving Performance." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1628, no. 1 (1998): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1628-02.
Full textAbstract:
A driving simulator study investigated the effect of automation of the driving task on performance under fatiguing driving conditions. In the study, drivers performed both a manual drive, in which they had full control over the driving task, and an automated drive, in which the vehicle was controlled by an automated driving system. During both drives, three perturbing events occurred at early, intermediate, and late phases in the drives: in the automated drive, a failure in automation caused the vehicle to drift toward the edge of the road; in the manual drive, wind gusts resulted in the vehicle drifting in the same direction and magnitude as the “drifts” in the automated drive. Following automation failure, drivers were forced to control the vehicle manually until the system became operational again. Drivers’ lateral control of the vehicle was assessed during three phases of manual control in both drives. The results indicate that performance recovery was better when drivers had full manual control of the vehicle throughout the drive, rather than when drivers were forced to drive manually following automation failure. Drivers also experienced increased tiredness, and physical and perceptual fatigue symptoms following both drives. The findings have important implications for the design of intelligent transportation systems. Systems that reduce the driver’s perceptions of task demands of driving are likely to undermobilize effort in fatigued drivers. Thus, the results strongly support the contention that human-centered transportation strategies, in which the driver is involved in the driving task, are superior to total automation.
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Saldanha, John P., C. Shane Hunt, and John E. Mello. "Driver Management That Drives Carrier Performance." Journal of Business Logistics 34, no. 1 (2013): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12007.
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Zhou, Min, and Richard W. Lyles. "Self-Selection Bias in Driver Performance Studies." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1573, no. 1 (1997): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1573-14.
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It is generally understood that there is some bias involved in selection of participants for driver performance studies, but little is known about the extent of this problem. To execute a National Cooperative Highway Research Program project on the effectiveness of traffic control devices, a sample of younger and older drivers was required. The purpose was to gain insight into the bias introduced through participant selection and self-selection. Of interest is whether the drivers who participate in projects for which driving or other testing is required tend to be different than the general population of licensed drivers. Results indicate that, compared with nonparticipants, participants are more active, more likely to travel and drive, less likely to avoid driving in certain circumstances, and less likely to have vision problems. The implication is that project participants represent more highly mobile and confident drivers than would be found in a random sample of the general population. However, project participants also had higher percentages of total accidents and violation points and were involved in more severe accidents than nonparticipants. These problems may be somewhat mitigated, though, by higher driving exposure for participant drivers. Such self-selection bias needs to be considered whenever research like this is undertaken.
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Yang, Shiyan, Jonny Kuo, and Michael G. Lenné. "Analysis of Gaze Behavior to Measure Cognitive Distraction in Real-World Driving." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (2018): 1944–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621441.
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Cognitive distraction can impair drivers’ situation awareness and control performance in driving. An on-road study was conducted to examine the efficacy in the detection of driver cognitive distraction based on the driver monitoring system developed by Seeing Machines. Participants completed a 25-km test drive on the local public roads whilst engaging in a series of secondary tasks that were designed to trigger different types of cognitive distraction, such as conversation, comprehension, N-back, and route-planning tasks. The findings showed that percent road center (PRC), one of the promising gaze metrics, increased significantly with cognitive distraction when compared to baseline, but failed to distinguish between different forms of cognitive distraction Moreover, PRC’s sensitivity to cognitive distraction was found to be affected by the chosen radius of road center area. These findings of driver cognitive distraction measurement provide data-driven suggestions for the development of real-time driver monitoring systems in the wild.
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Cohen, Liron, Joseph B. Bernstein, and Ilan Aharon. "Gate Driver for High-Frequency Power Converter." Electronics 14, no. 2 (2025): 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14020224.
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This work explores the principle of utilizing gallium nitride devices as a gate driver for silicon carbide power devices. As silicon has long reached its performance limits, Wide Bandgap semiconductors such as gallium nitride and silicon carbide have emerged as promising alternatives due to their superior characteristics. However, few publications suggest using a gallium nitride-based gate driver for silicon carbide, high-voltage power devices. Unlike standard voltage source gate drivers, this paper proposes a novel bi-polar current source resonant gate driver topology using gallium nitride transistors as a gate drive circuit for silicon carbide power switching. The driver receives a single input supply and pulsed width modulation signal, producing a high current bi-polar gate driving signal. The gate driver is validated by employing the proposed gate driver to a high-power silicon carbide transistor in a resonant boost converter. The experimental results show that the new gate driver recovers the gate charge wasted energy and provides high performances in varying high voltage loads at a 2.5 MHz switching frequency while reducing the gate losses by 26%.
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Tuplin, S., M. C. Best, and M. A. Passmore. "Improvement of perceived vehicle performance through adaptive electronic throttle control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 2 (2003): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440700321700203.
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With the advent of production electronic throttle control there is scope for increased customer satisfaction through the optimization of the throttle pedal demand map to individual drivers. The aim of this study is to develop algorithms to identify, from variables measured in real time on a test vehicle, the requirement for and the direction of adaptation of throttle pedal progression. An on-line appraisal procedure has been developed to identify the individual ‘ideal’ progression (IIP) for any driver. During the appraisal the subject is exposed to a series of pedal progressions, and their verbal response to each change is used to converge to their optimal setting. Vehicle data acquired on these appraisal drives have been regressed against IIP in a full factorial study, and the most statistically significant driver model established. A preliminary implementation of the model is used to demonstrate that throttle progression adapts appropriately towards IIP, thereby matching vehicle performance feel to driver expectations.
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Gildfind, David E., Chris M. James, Pierpaolo Toniato, and Richard G. Morgan. "Performance considerations for expansion tube operation with a shock-heated secondary driver." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 777 (July 20, 2015): 364–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.349.
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A shock-heated secondary driver is a modification typically applied to an expansion tube which involves placing a volume of helium between the primary diaphragm and the test gas. This modification is normally used to either increase the driven shock strength through the test gas for high-enthalpy conditions, or to prevent transmission of primary driver flow disturbances to the test gas for low-enthalpy conditions. In comparison to the basic expansion tube, a secondary driver provides an additional configuration parameter, adds mechanical and operational complexity, and its effect on downstream flow processes is not trivial. This paper reports on a study examining operation of a shock-heated secondary driver across the entire operating envelope of a free-piston-driven expansion tube, using air as the test gas. For high-enthalpy conditions it is confirmed that the secondary driver can provide a performance increase, and it is further shown how this device can be used to fine tune the flow condition even when the free-piston driver configuration is held constant. For low-enthalpy flow conditions, wave processes through the driven tube are too closely coupled, and the secondary driver no longer significantly influences the magnitude of the final test gas flow properties. It is found that these secondary driver operating characteristics depend principally on the initial density ratio between the secondary driver helium gas and the downstream test gas.
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Sabourin, Vincent. "Strategy execution: five drivers of performance." Journal of Strategy and Management 8, no. 2 (2015): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-06-2014-0048.
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Purpose – What are the strategies of managers to implement their strategy? What are the strategies to execute organizational objectives? The purpose of this paper is to approach what the authors call the drivers of performance that is the driving forces which impact the performance of a manager in executing his/her objectives. What are the strategies, which you as a manager have to have in order to execute your objectives and to obtain better results with your respective department? The authors discuss the five drivers of performance, that of rules, emotions, initiatives, immediate action and integrity. The research findings are presented with a discussion on the usefulness of the drivers. Design/methodology/approach – A survey questionnaire was administered to a population of 484, with a study sample of 180 managers to better understand the underlying drivers of performance in strategy execution. The authors used primarily components analysis to examine the relationship between drivers of performance identified in previous research. Findings – The study found four drivers the performance and management practices of managers. The following driver were found; driver of emotions, (getting a commitment for your objectives), the dimension of taking initiatives (translating the objectives into concrete projects/empowerment), the driver of rules (clarifying and aligning the objectives) and driver of immediate action (taking valued added action and facing emergencies in the execution). Research limitations/implications – The paper found that the fundamental of strategic management such as management leadership in performance and strategy execution could be organized according to four drivers. Additional work will be necessary to generalize the findings to other type of management programs which are related to performance effectiveness. Originality/value – The study sought to contribute a new management direction by identifying four drivers gathering the strategic platforms that managers could employ to organize their performance and strategy execution.
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Fambro, Daniel B., Rodger J. Koppa, Dale L. Picha, and Kay Fitzpatrick. "Driver Braking Performance in Stopping Sight Distance Situations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1701, no. 1 (2000): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1701-02.
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Assumed driver braking performance in emergency situations is not consistent in the published literature. A 1955 study stated that in an emergency situation “it is suspected that drivers apply their brakes as hard as possible.” This idea differs from a 1984 report that states drivers will “modulate”their braking to maintain directional control. Thus, additional information is needed about driver braking performance when an unexpected object is in the roadway. In this research driver braking distances and decelerations to both unexpected and anticipated stops were measured. The study design allowed for differences in vehicle handling and driver capabilities associated with antilock braking systems (ABS), wet and dry pavement conditions, and the effects of roadway geometry. Vehicle speeds, braking distances, and deceleration profiles were determined for each braking maneuver. The research results show that ABS result in shorter braking distances by as much as 30 m at 90 km/h. These differences were most noticeable on wet pavements where ABS resulted in better control and shorter braking distances. Braking distances on horizontal curves were slightly longer than on tangent sections; however, they were not large enough to be of practical significance. Maximum deceleration during braking is independent of initial velocity, at least in the range of speeds tested. Differences were noted in individual driver performance in terms of maximum deceleration. Although maximum deceleration was equal to the pavement’s coefficient of friction for some drivers, the average maximum deceleration was about 75 percent of that level. Overall, drivers generated maximum decelerations from 6.9 to 9.1 m/s2. The equivalent constant deceleration also varied among drivers. Based on the 90-km/h data, 90 percent of all drivers without ABS chose equivalent constant decelerations of at least 3.4 m/s2 under wet conditions, and 90 percent of all drivers with ABS chose equivalent constant deceleration of at least 4.7 m/s2 on dry pavements.
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El Falahi, K., B. Allard, D. Tournier, and D. Bergogne. "Performance of commercial SOI driver in harsh conditions (up to 200°C)." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, HITEC (2010): 000054–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-kelfalahi-ta23.
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Power electronics based on wide band gap materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) or gallium nitride (GaN), are nowadays capable of operation at increased ambient temperatures. High Temperature Intelligent Power Modules are unfortunately not available due to a lack of integrated driver able to withstand either harsh environment or enhanced junction temperature due to reduction in the cooling system. The most appropriated technology for such a driver seems to be Silicon on Insulator (SOI). The maximum operating temperature of commercial SOI devices with conventional packaging is usually 150°C up to 175°C as specified by manufacturers. In this paper, we actually try to observe the performance and de-ratings of these SOI circuits at temperatures above 175°C. Experimental characterization of commercial SOI MOSFET drivers from room temperature to 200°C and beyond is presented. Parameters such as output current amplitude, delay time, rise time and fall time of the output waveforms of the drivers are monitored. The test results will be discussed, and will help produce the specifications of an integrated SOI-based core-driver with the necessary functionalities to drive an inverter up to 220°C ambient temperature.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Driver performance"
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Petersen, Andrew. "Driver Training and Driving Performance." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367642.
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Inertial forces experienced during driving can perturb a driver’s posture, which may in turn diminish a driver’s perceptual sensitivity and corresponding control actions. The general purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a specific driver-training program taught by Holden Performance Driving Centre (Norwell, Queensland) on driver skill and driving performance as revealed by vehicle motion and postural stability during a range of common driving manoeuvres; emergency braking, cornering, and evasive lane change and return. Three driving experiments were conducted on a closed-circuit track, from which vehicle and driver kinematic data was collected using a variety of instruments. After an initial test-sessions, trainee drivers participated in a driver-training program based upon the development of perceptual-motor skills through enhanced driver’s postural stability as well as instruction in vehicle control strategies that were not primarily reliant upon safety technology, such as an antilock brake system (ABS). A second test-session followed training. For all three experiments, statistical analyses were conducted between cohorts of trainee and control drivers’ first and second test-sessions. For the turning manoeuvres, data from a cohort of driver-training instructors was analysed against the post-test sessions from trainee and control drivers.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science<br>Griffith Health<br>Full Text
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Malik, Husnain. "An assessment system for evaluation of driving competencies." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40902/1/Husnain_Malik_Thesis.pdf.
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Automobiles have deeply impacted the way in which we travel but they have also contributed to many deaths and injury due to crashes. A number of reasons for these crashes have been pointed out by researchers. Inexperience has been identified as a contributing factor to road crashes. Driver’s driving abilities also play a vital role in judging the road environment and reacting in-time to avoid any possible collision. Therefore driver’s perceptual and motor skills remain the key factors impacting on road safety. Our failure to understand what is really important for learners, in terms of competent driving, is one of the many challenges for building better training programs. Driver training is one of the interventions aimed at decreasing the number of crashes that involve young drivers. Currently, there is a need to develop comprehensive driver evaluation system that benefits from the advances in Driver Assistance Systems. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to explain how driving abilities evolves with on-road driving experience.
To our knowledge, driver assistance systems have never been comprehensively used in a driver training context to assess the safety aspect of driving. The aim and novelty of this thesis is to develop and evaluate an Intelligent Driver Training System (IDTS) as an automated assessment tool that will help drivers and their trainers to comprehensively view complex driving manoeuvres and potentially provide effective feedback by post processing the data recorded during driving. This system is designed to help driver trainers to accurately evaluate driver performance and has the potential to provide valuable feedback to the drivers. Since driving is dependent on fuzzy inputs from the driver (i.e. approximate distance calculation from the other vehicles, approximate assumption of the other vehicle speed), it is necessary that the evaluation system is based on criteria and rules that handles uncertain and fuzzy characteristics of the driving tasks. Therefore, the proposed IDTS utilizes fuzzy set theory for the assessment of driver performance.
The proposed research program focuses on integrating the multi-sensory information acquired from the vehicle, driver and environment to assess driving competencies. After information acquisition, the current research focuses on automated segmentation of the selected manoeuvres from the driving scenario. This leads to the creation of a model that determines a “competency” criterion through the driving performance protocol used by driver trainers (i.e. expert knowledge) to assess drivers. This is achieved by comprehensively evaluating and assessing the data stream acquired from multiple in-vehicle sensors using fuzzy rules and classifying the driving manoeuvres (i.e. overtake, lane change, T-crossing and turn) between low and high competency. The fuzzy rules use parameters such as following distance, gaze depth and scan area, distance with respect to lanes and excessive acceleration or braking during the manoeuvres to assess competency. These rules that identify driving competency were initially designed with the help of expert’s knowledge (i.e. driver trainers). In-order to fine tune these rules and the parameters that define these rules, a driving experiment was conducted to identify the empirical differences between novice and experienced drivers. The results from the driving experiment indicated that significant differences existed between novice and experienced driver, in terms of their gaze pattern and duration, speed, stop time at the T-crossing, lane keeping and the time spent in lanes while performing the selected manoeuvres. These differences were used to refine the fuzzy membership functions and rules that govern the assessments of the driving tasks.
Next, this research focused on providing an integrated visual assessment interface to both driver trainers and their trainees. By providing a rich set of interactive graphical interfaces, displaying information about the driving tasks, Intelligent Driver Training System (IDTS) visualisation module has the potential to give empirical feedback to its users. Lastly, the validation of the IDTS system’s assessment was conducted by comparing IDTS objective assessments, for the driving experiment, with the subjective assessments of the driver trainers for particular manoeuvres. Results show that not only IDTS was able to match the subjective assessments made by driver trainers during the driving experiment but also identified some additional driving manoeuvres performed in low competency that were not identified by the driver trainers due to increased mental workload of trainers when assessing multiple variables that constitute driving. The validation of IDTS emphasized the need for an automated assessment tool that can segment the manoeuvres from the driving scenario, further investigate the variables within that manoeuvre to determine the manoeuvre’s competency and provide integrated visualisation regarding the manoeuvre to its users (i.e. trainers and trainees). Through analysis and validation it was shown that IDTS is a useful assistance tool for driver trainers to empirically assess and potentially provide feedback regarding the manoeuvres undertaken by the drivers.
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Shirole, Sushrut Madhukar. "Performance Optimizations for Isolated Driver Domains." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49107.
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In most of today's operating system architectures, device drivers are tightly coupled with other kernel components. In such systems, a fault caused by a malicious or faulty device driver often leads to complete system failure, thereby reducing the overall reliability of the system. Even though a majority of the operating systems provide protection mechanisms at the user level, they do not provide the same level of protection for kernel components. Using virtualization, device drivers can be executed in separate, isolated virtual machines, called driver domains. Such domains provide the same level of isolation to device drivers as operating systems provide to user level applications. Domain-based isolation has the advantage that it is compatible with existing drivers and transparent to the kernel.
However, domain-based isolation incurs significant performance overhead due to the necessary interdomain communication. This thesis investigates techniques for reducing this overhead. The key idea is to replace the interrupt-based notification between domains with a spinning-based approach, thus trading CPU capacity for increased throughput.
We implemented a prototype, called the Isolated Device Driver system (IDDR), which includes front-end and back-end drivers and a communication module. We evaluated the impact of our optimizations for a variety of block devices. Our results show that our solution matches or outperforms Xen's isolated driver domain in most scenarios we considered.<br>Master of Science
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Desai, Anup Vijayendra. "Obstructive sleep apnoea and driver performance: prevalence, correlates and implications for driver fatigue." University of Sydney. Medicine, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/589.
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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by repetitive reductions or pauses in breathing during sleep due to upper airway narrowing or closure. Due to disruption to normal sleep patterns, many patients with OSA suffer from increased daytime sleepiness. Epidemiological studies have established a link between OSA and driver fatigue and accidents, generally showing a two to seven times increased risk of road traffic accidents in non-commercial drivers with OSA. There is emerging evidence that commercial drivers have a higher prevalence of OSA than the general population, being predominately male, middle-aged and overweight, three important risk factors for OSA. However, little is known about the relationship between OSA and driver sleepiness in commercial drivers, whether road accidents are increased in commercial drivers with OSA, and whether OSA interacts with other fatigue promoting factors, such as sleep deprivation, to further escalate road accident risk. One thousand randomly selected commercial drivers were surveyed in the field. In addition, 61 randomly selected NSW commercial drivers had in hospital sleep studies and daytime performance testing, including a PC based driving simulator task. The prevalence of OSA, defined as Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) < 10, was approximately 50% in NSW commercial drivers. Approximately one quarter of the drivers reported pathological daytime sleepiness, and 12-14% had both OSA and pathological daytime sleepiness. A diagnosis of OSA was the most important factor predicting excessive daytime sleepiness in these drivers: OSA was more important than 15 other work-related, lifestyle and medical factors that could be expected to promote, or be associated with, daytime sleepiness. Drivers with sleep apnoea syndrome (both OSA and pathological daytime sleepiness) had an increased driving accident risk, using driving simulator and daytime performance testing as proxy measures for accident risk. These results demonstrate the importance of OSA as a cause of driver fatigue in commercial drivers and suggest that all commercial drivers should be screened for the presence of sleep apnoea syndrome in order to potentially reduce road accident risk through treatment. A separate, but related body of work examined the combined effects of mild OSA and other fatigue promoting factors (sleep deprivation and circadian influences) on driving performance. Twenty nine subjects, consisting of a group with mild OSA and a group of non-OSA controls, were tested on several occasions throughout the night and day using an intensive performance battery, under both baseline conditions and after a period of 36 hours of total sleep deprivation. The results suggest that drivers with mild OSA are not different to the control group in their response to sleep deprivation or time of day influences. However, the subjects with mild OSA were less aware of their impairment due to sleep deprivation, which is of concern if drivers with OSA are relying on their subjective awareness of fatigue to make decisions about when to stop driving. A final perspective on OSA and driver fatigue is provided through a clinical case series of seven fall-asleep fatality associated MVA�s associated with unrecognised or under-treated sleep disorders. As well as demonstrating the day to day potential for devastating road accidents due, at least in part, to un-recognised or untreated sleep disorders, these cases also serve to highlight some of the current medico-legal controversies and difficulties in this area of driver fatigue. In conclusion, this body of work has provided novel information about the epidemiology and implications of OSA in commercial drivers, and about how OSA interacts with other fatigue promoting factors. Finally, it has explored some of the medico-legal issues that relate to sleep disorders and driver fatigue. As well as providing much needed information in the area of driver fatigue, at the same time this work raises many more questions and suggests areas of future research. For instance, such research should examine the relationship between objective accident rates and OSA/sleep apnoea syndrome in commercial drivers, the interaction between mild sleep apnoea syndrome and other fatigue risk factors, and driver perception of sleepiness prior to sleep onset in drivers with sleep disorders.
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Desai, Anup Vijayendra. "Obstructive sleep apnoea and driver performance: prevalence, correlates and implications for driver fatigue." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/589.
Full textAbstract:
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by repetitive reductions or pauses in breathing during sleep due to upper airway narrowing or closure. Due to disruption to normal sleep patterns, many patients with OSA suffer from increased daytime sleepiness. Epidemiological studies have established a link between OSA and driver fatigue and accidents, generally showing a two to seven times increased risk of road traffic accidents in non-commercial drivers with OSA. There is emerging evidence that commercial drivers have a higher prevalence of OSA than the general population, being predominately male, middle-aged and overweight, three important risk factors for OSA. However, little is known about the relationship between OSA and driver sleepiness in commercial drivers, whether road accidents are increased in commercial drivers with OSA, and whether OSA interacts with other fatigue promoting factors, such as sleep deprivation, to further escalate road accident risk. One thousand randomly selected commercial drivers were surveyed in the field. In addition, 61 randomly selected NSW commercial drivers had in hospital sleep studies and daytime performance testing, including a PC based driving simulator task. The prevalence of OSA, defined as Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) < 10, was approximately 50% in NSW commercial drivers. Approximately one quarter of the drivers reported pathological daytime sleepiness, and 12-14% had both OSA and pathological daytime sleepiness. A diagnosis of OSA was the most important factor predicting excessive daytime sleepiness in these drivers: OSA was more important than 15 other work-related, lifestyle and medical factors that could be expected to promote, or be associated with, daytime sleepiness. Drivers with sleep apnoea syndrome (both OSA and pathological daytime sleepiness) had an increased driving accident risk, using driving simulator and daytime performance testing as proxy measures for accident risk. These results demonstrate the importance of OSA as a cause of driver fatigue in commercial drivers and suggest that all commercial drivers should be screened for the presence of sleep apnoea syndrome in order to potentially reduce road accident risk through treatment. A separate, but related body of work examined the combined effects of mild OSA and other fatigue promoting factors (sleep deprivation and circadian influences) on driving performance. Twenty nine subjects, consisting of a group with mild OSA and a group of non-OSA controls, were tested on several occasions throughout the night and day using an intensive performance battery, under both baseline conditions and after a period of 36 hours of total sleep deprivation. The results suggest that drivers with mild OSA are not different to the control group in their response to sleep deprivation or time of day influences. However, the subjects with mild OSA were less aware of their impairment due to sleep deprivation, which is of concern if drivers with OSA are relying on their subjective awareness of fatigue to make decisions about when to stop driving. A final perspective on OSA and driver fatigue is provided through a clinical case series of seven fall-asleep fatality associated MVA�s associated with unrecognised or under-treated sleep disorders. As well as demonstrating the day to day potential for devastating road accidents due, at least in part, to un-recognised or untreated sleep disorders, these cases also serve to highlight some of the current medico-legal controversies and difficulties in this area of driver fatigue. In conclusion, this body of work has provided novel information about the epidemiology and implications of OSA in commercial drivers, and about how OSA interacts with other fatigue promoting factors. Finally, it has explored some of the medico-legal issues that relate to sleep disorders and driver fatigue. As well as providing much needed information in the area of driver fatigue, at the same time this work raises many more questions and suggests areas of future research. For instance, such research should examine the relationship between objective accident rates and OSA/sleep apnoea syndrome in commercial drivers, the interaction between mild sleep apnoea syndrome and other fatigue risk factors, and driver perception of sleepiness prior to sleep onset in drivers with sleep disorders.
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Desai, Anup. "Obstructive sleep apnoea and driver performance prevalence, correlates, and implications for driver fatigue /." Connect to full text, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/589.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2003.<br>Includes tables and questionnaires. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 29, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Medicine. Degree awarded 2003; thesis submitted 2002. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Krishnapillai, Alagesan. "Understanding key performance indicators through driver measures." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28321.
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Performance management is a vital part of every organization for its success and long term survival in the current competitive global market place. An organization needs a sound performance management framework to analyze its data to make strategic and tactical decisions. The weaknesses in today's performance management frameworks are linked to their inability to integrate strategy formulation with implementation.
In our thesis, we introduce D river Measure Models that can define cause-and-effect relationship between d river measures and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for effective performance management and strategic alignment. Driver Measure Models make the performance management more dynamic as the operational activities are linked to strategies.
Another contribution of the thesis is the identification of mathematical techniques to quantify relationships between KPIs and driver measures. Thesis makes an effort to show how mathematical techniques can be used for planning and forecasting outcomes while changing strategies. After conducting analysis using the mathematical techniques, organization can arrive at a set of operational tasks associated to driver measures which need to be executed to achieve its optimal result.
Finally, we identified the essential set of criteria that a performance management framework needs to address through a literature survey and a gap analysis of existing frameworks. We created an extension to the Balanced Scorecard framework based on Driver Measure Models and support for the management of external factors to address these criteria and compared it to existing frameworks using a case study.
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Lai, Frank Chien Hsun. "Driver attentional demand to dual-task performance." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422623.
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Desmond, Paula A. "Fatigue and stress in driving performance." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364944.
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This thesis attempted to provide a detailed theoretical understanding of the effects of task-induced fatigue on simulated driving performance. Previous research has shown that duration of driving has only a weak effect on driving performance. A series of studies were conducted to examine how fatigue effects interact with task demands, and to explore the psychological changes associated with fatigue. The research also explored links between fatigue and stress in terms of their affective reactions and the coping mechanisms which are central to them. The first phase of the research consisted of a series of simulated studies of fatigue. The first study developed an experimental paradigm to examine both task-specific and aftereffects of fatigue on driving performance. The findings showed that fatigue effects interacted with task demands such that drivers' lateral control of the vehicle and trajectory were impaired during low demand rather than in high demand driving episodes. The study also showed that the fatigue state is a multidimensional state which is principally characterised by a reduction in motivation. The second and third studies attempted to explore the role of motivational mechanisms in fatigue-related impairments. This phase of the research showed that impairments in low demand driving conditions may be reduced by enhancing the driver's motivational state. The fourth study explored the development of subjective fatigue in two types of task-induced fatigue. The study showed that there is a dissociation between subjective and objective fatigue. The second phase of the research examined the links between stress and fatigue in simulated and real-life driving environments. The studies showed that stress and fatigue are similar states but there are particular features which make them distinct states. The results from simulated and real-life driving environments showed a high degree of consistency.
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Frid, Alexandra, and Fredrik Åström. "Impaired Driver Performance Detection Identifying driver-independent signs of inattention via in-vehicle sensors." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-49625.
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Detta examensarbete är utfört på Scania CV i Södertälje. Det är den avslutande delen av civilingenjörsprogrammet Design och produktframtagning vid Institutionen för maskinkonstruktion på KTH i Stockholm. Mer än 80 procent av alla trafikolyckor som involverar tunga fordon är relaterade till ouppmärksamt förarbeteende. Ouppmärksamhet kan orsakas av antingen trötthet eller distraktioner. Målet med detta examensarbete är att försöka hitta ett sätt att prediktera och detektera den här typen av beteende med hjälp av fordonssignaler. Grunden för analysen är data från SeMiFOT-projektet, ett naturalistiskt fältprov, utfört av gemensamma krafter inom svensk fordonsindustri, forskningsinstitut och University of Michigan. Datat inkluderar videofilm, blickriktnings- och ögonrörelsemönster, samt CAN signaler. De CAN-signaler som använts för analysen inkluderar till exempel styrvinkel och lateral acceleration. För att möjliggöra uppskattning av förarnas trötthetsnivå har en modell som kallas Sleep/Wake Predictor (SWP) använts. Resultatet av arbetet är en modell som består av en riskbedömning kopplad till trötthetsnivån och en algoritm för distraktionsdetektion. Trötthetsdelen använder SWP:n och den välkända KSS skalan för att approximera förarens nuvarande och förväntade trötthetsnivå och riskerna det medför. Distraktionsalgoritmen använder styrvinkelhastigheten som insignal och genererar en distraktionsflagga. De typer av distraktionsmoment som kan detekteras är exempelvis telefonanvändning och justering av utrustning i hytten. Utvariablerna från modellen skickas på fordonets CAN-nätverk. Hur den här informationen bäst skulle kunna presenteras till föraren har inte undersökts i det här projektet. Slutsatsen från projektet är att det faktum att distraktionsbeteende, som är en bidragande orsak till nedsatt förarförmåga, kan detekteras är positivt. Detta i kombination med uppskattningen av trötthet utgör en bra grund för att reducera riskerna för olyckor orsakade av ouppmärksamhet. Detta kan utvecklas till en värdefull produkt som Scania kan erbjuda sina kunder.<br>This thesis work is conducted at Scania CV in Södertälje. It is the final part of the M.Sc program Design & Product Development at the Institution for Machine Design at KTH, Stockholm. More than 80 percent of all traffic accidents involving heavy trucks are caused by inattentive driver behaviour. Inattention can be caused by either drowsiness or distractions. The aim with this thesis work is to try to find a way to predict and detect such behaviour using vehicle sensors. The basis for the analysis is data from the SeMiFOT project, a naturalistic field operating test, conducted by joint forces between Swedish vehicle manufacturers, research institutes and the University of Michigan. The data includes video footage, gaze direction and eye closure measures, as well as CAN signals. The CAN signals used for analysis are for example steering wheel angle and lateral acceleration. To be able to assess the drivers’ level of sleepiness, a model called the Sleep/Wake Predictor (SWP) has been used. The result of this thesis is a model consisting of a risk level due to sleepiness assessment and a distraction detection algorithm. The sleepiness part uses the SWP and the well known Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) to approximate the drivers’ current and expected sleepiness level and the risks associated with this. The distraction detection uses the steering wheel angle velocity as input, processes the signal and outputs a distraction warning flag. The type of distractions thatare detectable are for example using a mobile phone and adjusting equipment in the cab. The model output is sent out on the Controller Area Network (CAN) of the vehicle. How the information from the model can be best presented to the driver has not been examined. The conclusion from the project is that the fact that distractive behaviour, which is a contributor to impaired driver performance, can be detected is positive. This, in combination with the assessment of sleepiness, constitutes a good base for reducing the risks of accidents caused by inattention. This can be developed into a valuable product for Scania to offer their customers.
Books on the topic "Driver performance"
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Engineers, Society of Automotive, ed. Effects of aging on driver performance. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1988.
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Reid, L. D. A computer model of driver response. Institute for Aerospace Studies, 1985.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., ed. Driver performance, pedestrian planning, and bicycle facilities. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1988.
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Shumaker, Nancy Clarke. The California driver performance evaluation project: An evaluation of the current driver licensing road test. California Dept. of Motor Vehicles, Division of Program and Policy Administration, Research and Development Section, 1994.
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Hagge, Robert A. The California driver performance evaluation project: An evaluation of a new driver licensing road test. California Dept. of Motor Vehicles, Division of Program and Policy Administration, Research and Development Section, 1994.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., ed. Traffic accident data, driver performance, and motor vehicle update. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1985.
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Council, Insurance Research, ed. Adequacy of motor vehicle records in evaluating driver performance. Insurance Research Council, 1991.
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Office, Northern Ireland Audit, and Northern Ireland. Comptroller and Auditor General., eds. The Driver and Vehicle Testing Agency: Evaluation of performance. Stationery Office, 1997.
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Ohlson, Kevin A. Driver education in Virginia: An analysis of performance report data. Virginia Highway & Transportation Research Council, 1986.
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Balkin, T. Effects of sleep schedules on commercial motor vehicle driver performance. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Driver performance"
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Bhise, Vivek D. "Driver Performance Measurements." In Ergonomics in the Automotive Design Process, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003485605-2.
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Paranthaman, Pratheep K., Gautam R. Dange, Francesco Bellotti, Riccardo Berta, and Alessandro De Gloria. "Gamification of Car Driver Performance." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50182-6_27.
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Winnie, Lily Wang, and Udo Lange. "Value Driver - Executing Performance Management." In Vital mit KOPF. Gabler Verlag, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-87022-3_9.
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Flint, Steven J., Keith W. Smith, and David G. Rossi. "An Evaluation of Mature Driver Performance." In Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled Persons. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315075525-61.
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Marszałek, Paweł, and Milena Ratajczak-Mrozek. "Introduction: Digitalization as a Driver of the Contemporary Economy." In Digitalization and Firm Performance. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83360-2_1.
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AbstractMilena Ratajczak-Mrozek and Paweł Marszałek discuss how digitalization and digital technologies are impacting markets, firms and financial institutions. They stress the need for adopting the interdisciplinary (taking into account not only economic, but also legal and social dimensions) approach in research on digitalization, as such approach provides a comprehensive view of the process, its manifestations, features and impact. The authors also identify six channels through which digitalization has had an impact on the economy. They argue that digitalization may be considered in the context of both challenges and opportunities set by digital technologies for business models and business operations and markets, as well as the main driver of growth and competitiveness for markets and firms/businesses. In this context, the authors introduce 10 chapters of the book and present the links between different level of analysis—micro, mezzo and macro.
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Fieldhouse, Harry, and David Cole. "State Estimation and Sensorimotor Noise in a Driver Steering Model with a Gaussian Process Internal Model." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70392-8_10.
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AbstractRefinements to a mathematical model of human drivers’ steering control incorporating driver learning are reported. State estimation and realistic sensorimotor noise sources are introduced to the driver model to better represent neural processes. It is found that the driver model exhibits the expected learning behaviour in terms of estimation and control performance. Further work is planned to validate the model experimentally.
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Arai, Norika, Jinnosuke Kamimura, Yohei Fujinami, et al. "Study on Accident-Avoidance Mechanism in Driver-Vehicle System When Activating Level-2 ADAS." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70392-8_20.
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AbstractAdvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in passenger cars, such as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Lane Keeping Assist (LKA), have recently been widely deployed. However, these systems are not designed for high-risk situations, yet some drivers over trust the system and engage in secondary tasks. These behaviours may lead to serious accidents. On the other hand, it has been reported that the use of ACC reduced approximately half of the collision rate on highways based on public road data. This study aims to clarify the mechanism how ADAS affects driver behaviour and enhances accident prevention performance. Specifically, the focus is on the forward collision risk and the driver’s brake operating behaviour. Through the analysis using a driving simulator, this study compared driver behaviour in high collision risk situations in the case with and without ACC. The analysis of subject drivers’ internal parameters confirmed the driver behaviour that avoided a collision by using ADAS to take over control and brake earlier.
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Schäfer, Magnus. "Evaluation of the Performance of Acoustic Assistance Systems for Older Drivers." In Age-appropriate Driver Assistance Systems. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44838-7_5.
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Jaumann, Florian, Tobias Schuster, Michael Unterreiner, Torben Gräber, Johannes Edelmann, and Manfred Plöchl. "Powerslide Control with Deep Reinforcement Learning." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70392-8_121.
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AbstractControlling a vehicle’s powerslide motion in the presence of a human driver is a challenging control task, but one that may have a significant impact on vehicle safety, for example, during rapid evasive manoeuvres. Reinforcement Learning, a data-driven optimal control strategy, has gained increasing attention in recent years, demonstrating its effectiveness in successfully controlling various nonlinear systems. In this work, a novel powerslide controller is designed for an all-wheel drive battery electric vehicle with individually driven front and rear axles and a human driver in closed-loop using Reinforcement Learning. The performance of the proposed controller is analysed, and its robustness to steering disturbances and changes in road friction is demonstrated.
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Zairi, Mohamed. "Quality policy deployment: the key driver for performance measurement." In Measuring Performance for Business Results. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1302-1_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Driver performance"
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Soni, Dhruv Kumar, Kunal Thakur, and Ashu Taneja. "Performance evaluation of 5G enabled VANET driver models." In 2024 3rd International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iconat61936.2024.10774968.
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Escultero, Arvin, and Carl Michael Odulio. "Performance Analysis of Constant Current LCC Resonant LED Driver." In 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce55643.2024.10861340.
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EL Rashidy, Rawia Ahmed Hassan. "DRIVER COMPETENCE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS USING OTMR." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3417.
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The current practice for assessing driver competence performance is in-cab riding by driver managers. However, this paper investigates whether real-world driving data extracted from on-train monitoring recorders data (OTMR) can be used to assess the driver performance. A number of indicators were used to evaluate the drivers’ performance. These include: their use of the emergency bypass switch, the driver's reminder appliance as well as the driver’s reaction time. A study case illustrated the applicability of OTMR data to estimate the proposed indicators, which suggests that the indicators can be useful in the driver management system in addition to the current indicators. Furthermore, the proposed indicators could be used to tailor the driver training schemes up to their individual needs and evaluate their effectiveness. They could even be used for improving driver competence performance and reducing crash involvement by revealing potentially detrimental driving performance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3417
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Mise, Shion, Kenji Torii, Philipp Sellerbeck, Stefan Hank, Hidetaka Iwano, and Takuya Nishikoji. "Identification of Important Issues and Driving Modes for Enhancing NVH Performance of Electric Vehicles Based on Comparative Analysis of User Experience with Conventional ICE Vehicles." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2341.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The challenges concerning noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance in the vehicle cabin have been significantly changed by the powertrain shift from a conventional drive unit with an internal-combustion engine (ICE) to electric drive units (eAxles). However, there is few research regarding the impact of electrification on NVH considering the influence of the context such as multi-stimuli and traffic rules during a real-life driving.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, the authors conducted test drives using EVs and ICEVs on public roads in Europe and conducted a statistical analysis of the difference in driver impression of NVH performance based on interviews during actual driving. The impression data were categorized into clusters corresponding to related phenomena or features based on driver comments. Furthermore, the vehicles data (vehicle speed, acceleration, GPS information, etc.) were recorded to associate the driver impressions with the vehicle’s conditions when the comments were made.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Through the statistical analysis of driver’s impression and comments, this study has revealed that the most important factor in improving the NVH marketability of EVs is the enhancement of acoustic phenomena, particularly addressing issues related to whine and whistling noises generated by eAxles. Based on the results regarding the association between a driver's impression and driving conditions, the shift to EVs expands the range of driving conditions in which the whine and whistling noises make a negative impression on drivers, specifically during acceleration and at higher vehicle speeds. Additionally, these noises are less correlated with driver feedback regarding vehicle behavior. Whereas, for achieving improvements of whine and whistling noises, the comprehensive management of the acoustic environment is indispensable, because these noises are masked by road noise and wind noise.</div></div>
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Cogan, Baris, and Birgit Milius. "Train Driver Visual Performance: A Parametric Survival Model of Reaction Time." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005255.
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The implementation of Automatic Train Operation (ATO) systems is rapidly increasing in the railway industry, driven by the potential for improved efficiency, safety, and capacity. However, one of the key challenges in implementing ATO systems is defining the functional requirements of these automated systems. One approach for deriving these functional requirements is by evaluating human performance in the driving task.This study investigates the visual performance of train drivers under different conditions using a driving simulator. 18 active train drivers participated in the experimental study. The task of the participants in the simulator study was to drive a train and respond to stationary visual stimuli in the form of cubes at irregular intervals by pressing the signal horn. The study aimed to assess reaction times to objects under three different train protection systems: PZB (punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung, intermitted train protection system), ETCS (European Train Control System level 2 with cab signalling), and driving-on-sight. The square objects varied in size (90 cm and 180 cm) and color (brown and orange), creating a diverse range of scenarios for the drivers.Survival analysis, a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, was employed to evaluate the drivers’ performance. In this context, the ‘event’ was defined as the driver reacting to an object, and the ‘time’ was the reaction time. This method provided a detailed understanding of the distribution of reaction times and how they were influenced by the different driving conditions. The hazard function, which describes the instantaneous rate of occurrence of the event before its actual occurrence, was used to compare reaction times across different conditions. The results of the study revealed that object size, object contrast, and train speed had a significant effect on train drivers’ reaction time. Specifically, larger and more contrasting objects were associated with faster reaction times. Stimuli were detected more quickly at higher speeds, possibly due to the verticalization of gaze at increasing speeds and the objects visually enlarging more rapidly at higher speeds. Interestingly, the differences between train protection systems yielded complex results that warrant further investigation. Additionally, the probabilities that a driver had not yet reacted to an object by a certain time were estimated. It is important to note that although the study was conducted in a sophisticated simulation environment, it does not fully represent the real conditions of driving a train. Nevertheless, the study provides valuable findings into visual perception performance of train drivers. Furthermore, it demonstrates the utility of survival analysis in railway domain, particularly for analyzing reaction time data. The findings of this study have significant implications for the railway industry, particularly in the context of deriving functional requirements of ATO implementations. Understanding how human performance is influenced by operational and environmental factors can inform the design of safer and more efficient railway operations.
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Boer, Erwin R., and Nicholas J. Ward. "Event-Based Driver Performance Assessment." In Driving Assessment Conference. University of Iowa, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1105.
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Fairclough, S. H. "Monitoring of driver and vehicle performance." In IEE Colloquium on Monitoring of Driver and Vehicle Performance. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19970663.
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Deiana, Francesco, Adria Roig, James Jackson, Cristina Periago, and Clara Cabuti Ferrer. "Driver Engagement." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003821.
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One of the great challenges around the advent of driver assistance systems is to ensure that drivers understand the true capability of technology, such that they can behave accordingly for safe vehicle operation. This understanding can be influenced by a range of factors including vehicle instructions, user interface and warnings, and system control behavior. Validation accounting for these important aspects is therefore central to understanding and comparing safety performance for real world use for overall system design implementations.This paper presents a test methodology specified for implementation on an automotive proving ground facility capturing pre-use information, and driver-vehicle interaction during assisted driving regarding user interface and system control behavior. Data collection was defined around the quantification of driver engagement with the driving task using subjective measures to assess progressive effects of system use and objective metrics considering driver behavior and capability to respond to an emergency scenario.In a pilot assessment, a between-subjects test was conducted using two vehicles with differing assisted driving concepts. A sample of naïve drivers (n=39) was recruited and, following a customer focused description of system functionality, was instructed to drive on a test track in continuous highway driving scenario with longitudinal and lateral driver assistance features active. Subsequently, a critical ‘cut-out’ event was presented requiring a driver response to avoid an in-lane obstacle.Results indicate variability in how drivers interact with the system during ‘normal driving’ with subjective measures demonstrating differences in metrics associated with engagement. Likewise, objective measures for driver reaction to the critical event signify differing levels of driver vigilance associated with perceived functionality of individual systems.Outcomes from this experimental test mark a step in the development of test methods for global assistance system assessment and provide a platform for further progression and refinement of tests. This has implications system design verification with highly replicability whilst accounting for use by representative drivers, alongside possible applications in consumer and regulatory testing with representative drivers.
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Taher, Matt, Dragan Ristanovic, Cyrus Meher-Homji, and Pradeep Pillai. "Matching of Synchronous Motors and Centrifugal Compressors: Oil and Gas Industry Practice." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15643.
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Abstract Synchronous motor driven centrifugal compressors are widely used in the oil and gas industry. In evaluating the optimum selection of synchronous motor drivers for centrifugal compressors, it is important to understand the factors influencing a proper match for a centrifugal compressor and its synchronous motor driver. The buyer should specify process requirements and define possible operating scenarios for the entire life of the motor driven centrifugal compressor train. The compressor designer will use the buyer-specified process conditions to model the aerothermodynamic behavior of the compressor and characterize its performance. Performance, controllability, starting capabilities as well as the optimum power margin required for a future-oriented design must also be considered. This paper reviews the criteria for evaluating the optimal combination of a centrifugal compressor and its synchronous motor driver as an integral package. It also addresses API standard requirements on synchronous motor driven centrifugal compressors. Design considerations for optimal selection and proper sizing of compressor drivers include large starting torque requirements to enable compressor start from settle-out conditions and to prevent flaring are addressed. Start-up capabilities of the motor driver can significantly impact the reliability and operability of the compressor train. API 617 on centrifugal compressors refers to API 546 for synchronous motor drivers. In this paper, requirements of API 617 and 546 are reviewed and several important design and sizing requirements are presented. In the effort to optimize plant design, and maintain the performance requirements, the paper discusses optimization options, such as direct on-line starting method to explore the motor rating limits, and the use of synchronous motors for power factor correction to eliminate or reduce the need for reactive power compensation by capacitor banks. This paper presents a novel approach to show constant reactive power lines on traditional V curves. It also complements capability curves of synchronous motors with lines of constant efficiency. The paper discusses variable frequency drive options currently used for synchronous motors in compressor applications. The paper addresses the available variable frequency drive types, their impact on the electrical grid, and motor design considerations with a view to summarizing factors important to the selection of variable frequency drives.
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Bee, S. T. "Driver-vehicle performance measurement in a simulator." In IEE Colloquium on Monitoring of Driver and Vehicle Performance. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19970665.
Full textReports on the topic "Driver performance"
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Heimerl, Joseph M. Driver Performance Model: 1. Conceptual Framework. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397331.
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Ramnath, Rishabh, Neale Kinnear, Sritika Chowdhury, and T. Hyatt. Interacting with Android Auto and Apple CarPlay when driving: The effect on driver performance. TRL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/sjxj5756.
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This study aimed to assess the impact of interacting with two infotainment systems, Android Auto and Apple CarPlay, on four driver performance measures: reaction time, driving behaviour, eyes-off road and self-reported performance. It also compared the results with other forms of driver impairment studied previously. Twenty regular Android users took part in the Android Auto trial and 20 regular Apple users took part in the Apple CarPlay trial. Each participant completed three 20 minute drives in TRL’s DigiCar simulator: control (no interaction with infotainment system), voice enabled and touch enabled. The route was divided into sections and participants performed music, navigation, texting and calling tasks at specific times during the drive. Compared with the control drive, participants in both trials showed a reduction in average speed, increase in deviation of headway and larger deviation of lane position for most tasks; this effect was greater when using touch features than voice features. Eye gaze measures indicated that participants did not meet the NHTSA criteria for most of the tasks when using touch controls for both systems, but they met the criteria when using voice control. Self-reported data suggested that participants found interacting through touch to be more difficult and distracting than voice. Most critically, reaction time to a stimulus on the road ahead was significantly higher when selecting music through Spotify when using Android Auto and Apple CarPlay. Participants also failed to react more to the stimulus on the road ahead when engaging with either Android Auto or Apple CarPlay compared with a control drive. Comparison with previous driver impairment studies showed that the increase in reaction time when interacting with either system using touch was higher than previously measured forms of impairment, including texting and hand-held calls.
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Burroughs, Susan L. Criterion Performance Measures for M1 Tank Driver Tests. Defense Technical Information Center, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada156793.
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Johnson, Ryan, David Reiley, and Juan Carlos Munoz. "The War for the Fare": How Driver Compensation Affects Bus System Performance. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11744.
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Muelaner, Jody, ed. Unsettled Issues in Commercial Vehicle Platooning. SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021027.
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Platooning has the potential to reduce the energy consumption of commercial vehicles while improving safety; however, both advantages are currently difficult to quantify due to insufficient data and the wide range of variables affecting models. Platooning will significantly reduce the use of energy when compared to trucks driven alone, or at a safe distance for a driver without any automated assistance. Platooning will also reduce stopping distances—multiple states in the US have passed laws authorizing truck platoons to operate at shorter gaps than are authorized for normal, human-driven trucks. However, drivers typically do not currently leave the recommended gaps and, therefore, already gain much of the potential energy savings by drafting lead vehicles, albeit illegally. The automated systems associated with platooning cannot be programmed to flout safety recommendations in the way that human drivers routinely do. Therefore, actual energy savings may be minimal while safety may be greatly improved. More data will be needed to conclusively demonstrate a safety gain. Recommended safe gaps are currently highly generalized and must necessarily assume worst-case braking performance. Using a combination of condition monitoring and vehicle-to-vehicle communications, platooning systems will be able to account for the braking performance of other vehicles within the platoon. If all the vehicles in a platoon have a high level of braking performance, the platoon will be able to operate in a more efficient, tighter formation. Driver acceptance of platooning technology will increase as the systems become more effective and do not displace jobs. The increased loading of infrastructure must also be considered, and there may be requirements for upgrades on bridges or restrictions on platooning operation.
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Sapper, Deborah. Evaluation of Electronic Data Recorder for Incident Investigation, Driver Performance, and Vehicle Maintenance. University of South Florida, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/cutr-nctr-rr-2008-07.
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Day, Christopher, Steven Lavrenz, Howell Li, and Darcy Bullock. Traffic Performance of Arterial Highways and Driver Routing Characteristics during a Freeway Detour. Purdue University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316564.
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Pulugurtha, Srinivas S., and Raghuveer Gouribhatla. Drivers’ Response to Scenarios when Driving Connected and Automated Vehicles Compared to Vehicles with and without Driver Assist Technology. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1944.
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Traffic related crashes cause more than 38,000 fatalities every year in the United States. They are the leading cause of death among drivers up to 54 years in age and incur $871 million in losses each year. Driver errors contribute to about 94% of these crashes. In response, automotive companies have been developing vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that aid in various driving tasks. These features are aimed at enhancing safety by either warning drivers of a potential hazard or picking up certain driving maneuvers like maintaining the lane. These features are already part of vehicles with Driver Assistance Technology, and they are vital for successful deployment of connected and automated vehicles in the near future. However, drivers' responses to driving vehicles with advanced features have been meagerly explored. This research evaluates driver participants' response to scenarios when driving connected and automated vehicles compared to vehicles with and without Driver Assistance Technology. The research developed rural, urban, and freeway driving scenarios in a driver simulator and tested on participants sixteen years to sixty-five years old. The research team explored two types of advanced features by categorizing them into warnings and automated features. The results show that the advanced features affected driving behavior by making driver participants less aggressive and harmonizing the driving environment. This research also discovered that the type of driving scenario influences the effect of advanced features on driver behavior. Additionally, aggressive driving behavior was observed most in male participants and during nighttime conditions. Rainy conditions and female participants were associated with less aggressive driving behavior. The findings from this research help to assess driver behavior when driving vehicles with advanced features. They can be inputted into microsimulation software to model the effect of vehicles with advanced features on the performance of transportation systems, advancing technology that could eventually save millions of dollars and thousands of lives.
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Shaw, Zachary C. Impact of Magnetic Cores, Impedance Variations, and Reset Techniques on Linear Transformer Driver Performance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2172/2568850.
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Hosokawa, Takashi, Motoki Shino, and Minoru Kamata. New Method for Older Driver Assistance Based on the Quantitative Evaluation and Analysis on Their Driving Performance. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0302.
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