Journal articles: 'Drives'

1

Desmond, Paula A., Peter A. Hancock, and Janelle L. Monette. "Fatigue and Automation-Induced Impairments in Simulated Driving Performance." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1628, no. 1 (January 1998): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1628-02.

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A driving simulator study investigated the effect of automation of the driving task on performance under fatiguing driving conditions. In the study, drivers performed both a manual drive, in which they had full control over the driving task, and an automated drive, in which the vehicle was controlled by an automated driving system. During both drives, three perturbing events occurred at early, intermediate, and late phases in the drives: in the automated drive, a failure in automation caused the vehicle to drift toward the edge of the road; in the manual drive, wind gusts resulted in the vehicle drifting in the same direction and magnitude as the “drifts” in the automated drive. Following automation failure, drivers were forced to control the vehicle manually until the system became operational again. Drivers’ lateral control of the vehicle was assessed during three phases of manual control in both drives. The results indicate that performance recovery was better when drivers had full manual control of the vehicle throughout the drive, rather than when drivers were forced to drive manually following automation failure. Drivers also experienced increased tiredness, and physical and perceptual fatigue symptoms following both drives. The findings have important implications for the design of intelligent transportation systems. Systems that reduce the driver’s perceptions of task demands of driving are likely to undermobilize effort in fatigued drivers. Thus, the results strongly support the contention that human-centered transportation strategies, in which the driver is involved in the driving task, are superior to total automation.

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Chen, Desheng, and Qiaoning Xu. "A Swinging and Self-Actuating Friction Drive Device Used in Large-Scale Rotary Devices." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797612666191119102558.

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Background: Large-scale rotary devices often employ friction drives in order to be manufactured easily and usually select a large driving radius to reduce the friction forces needed. In traditional devices, the driver and driven friction wheels are required to be of higher roundness to avoid slipping between them. This makes the driven friction wheel difficult to be machined. In addition, generating adequate contact load between contacting surfaces is essential for friction drives, and the best way to achieve it is self-actuating loading. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to propose and analyze a patent about a new friction drive device, in which the driver friction wheel can roll along with the driven friction wheel throughout, and the contact load between the driver and driven friction wheels can be generated on the torque demand. Methods: By using two swinging gearboxes, the two driver friction wheels are both swinging, and thus both can roll along with the driven friction wheel floatingly. Therefore, the driven wheel can have some deviation in roundness. Besides, this design offers a condition to construct a torque-actuated loading mechanism. Driven by the input torque, each driver wheel turns and exerts a friction force on the driven wheel, and then the driven wheel applies a reactive force to each driver wheel. This reactive force tends to pull the driver wheel to the driven wheel, producing a wedging action. Thus, an appreciable amount of contact load between the driver and driven wheels will be generated. Results: The results show the contact load between the driver and driven friction wheels is directly proportional to the resistant torque acting on the friction drive device. The results also show that a “frictional locking” condition for the device to avoid slipping between the driver and driven friction wheels is needed and it depends on the geometric parameters of the device. Conclusion: A swinging and self-actuating friction drive device is developed by using two swinging gearboxes. Design principles were described and a design example for this friction drive device was demonstrated. This kind of friction drive device not only offers an alternative way to drive large-scale rotary devices, but also develops a new method to realize self-actuating loading for friction drives.

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Krasnova, Oleksandra, Brett Molesworth, and Ann Williamson. "Understanding the Effect of Feedback on Young Drivers’ Speeding Behavior." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 1986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601452.

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The aim of the present study was to empirically investigate the effect of various types of feedback on young novice drivers’ speed management behavior. One hundred young drivers, randomly allocated to five groups, completed three test drives using a computer-based driving simulator. For four groups, feedback was provided after an 11km drive and focused on speeding behavior, the safety implications of speeding or the financial penalties if caught speeding or all three. The fifth group was a no-feedback control. Driver speed management performance was examined in two 11km drives immediately following the receipt of feedback and one week post feedback. The results showed that all types of Feedback were effective in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior compared to the control group. Providing feedback about financial implications of speeding was found to be the best in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior across all tested conditions. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.

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4

LEE, Adrian, Andrew HILLSDEN, Yoshihiro ONO, and Stephen EVANS. "TD-03 FULL-TOROIDAL TRACTION DRIVE HIGH TEMPERATURE DURABILITY(TRACTION DRIVES)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2009 (2009): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2009.658.

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Desmond, P. A., and P. A. Hancock. "Motivation, and Fatigue-Related Impairments in Simulated Driving." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 2 (October 1997): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107118139704100262.

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The effect of a motivational manipulation in reducing fatigue-related impairments in simulated driving performance was examined. Drivers performed both a fatiguing drive and a control drive. The motivational manipulation, a driving skill assessment instruction, appeared in early and late stages of both drives. Lateral control of the vehicle was assessed on straight and curved road sections early and late during the assessment instruction in both drives. The results indicate that the instruction only affected straight-road driving in the later part of both drives. During the later part of the control drive, the instruction produced a performance improvement only while the instruction was actually presented. In the fatigue drive, performance continued to improve even after cessation of the instruction, converging to the level of control drive performance. Fatigued drivers remain capable of increasing task effort in response to a motivating instruction, but fatigue may impair the ability to synchronize effort with changing task demands.

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Aliyeva, Sevda, Javida Damirova, and Sevinc Abasova. "Research of the problem of optimization and development of a calculation method for two-stage chain drives used in heavy industrial vehicles in conditions of economic efficiency." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 4 (July 23, 2021): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001930.

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The article is dedicated to the problem of optimization of chain drives of the drilling unit. At present, increasing the power per machine to the optimal limits, reducing the material and energy consumption per unit capacity of the machine, as well as operating costs are considered topical issues. The machines that are designed and constructed to optimal limits must be very powerful and productive. The machines that are applied to perform drilling works in the oil and gas industry must be easy to operate, reliable and have ability to operate for a long time. When constructing such machines, their being lightweight, economical, as well as their preparation in a short time and at low cost should be taken into account in advance. In order to ensure the reliable operation of drilling rigs, it is more expedient to apply chain drive in their mechanical transmission. First of all, the application of chain drive in drilling units and hoisting mechanisms is considered. Then a calculation method was developed for the chain drives of the drilling unit used in deep exploration wells and the exploitation of wells, and, accordingly, the calculation of the chain drive was carried out. The chain drive consists of drive and driven sprockets and a chain that encompasses the sprockets and engages in their teeth. Chain drives with several driven sprockets are also used. In addition to the basic listed elements, chain drives include tensioners, lubricating device and guards. The chain consists of hinged links that provide mobility or “flexibility” of the chain. Chain drives can be performed in a wide range of parameters. The calculation took into account the quality of the material, the service life and durability of the chain drive construction

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7

Edwards, C. "Drive for power [industrial drives]." Engineering & Technology 9, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2014.0311.

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8

Hughes, G. F. "Wise drives [hard disk drive]." IEEE Spectrum 39, no. 8 (August 2002): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2002.1021942.

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9

Price, T. A. R., R. Verspoor, and N. Wedell. "Ancient gene drives: an evolutionary paradox." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1917 (December 18, 2019): 20192267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2267.

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Selfish genetic elements such as selfish chromosomes increase their transmission rate relative to the rest of the genome and can generate substantial cost to the organisms that carry them. Such segregation distorters are predicted to either reach fixation (potentially causing population extinction) or, more commonly, promote the evolution of genetic suppression to restore transmission to equality. Many populations show rapid spread of segregation distorters, followed by the rapid evolution of suppression. However, not all drivers display such flux, some instead persisting at stable frequencies in natural populations for decades, perhaps hundreds of thousands of years, with no sign of suppression evolving or the driver spreading to fixation. This represents a major evolutionary paradox. How can drivers be maintained in the long term at stable frequencies? And why has suppression not evolved as in many other gene drive systems? Here, we explore potential factors that may explain the persistence of drive systems, focusing on the ancient sex-ratio driver in the fly Drosophila pseudoobscura . We discuss potential solutions to the evolutionary mystery of why suppression does not appear to have evolved in this system, and address how long-term stable frequencies of gene drive can be maintained. Finally, we speculate whether ancient drivers may be functionally and evolutionarily distinct to young drive systems.

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10

Chen, De Sheng, Hong Song, and Fei Yan Lou. "A Floating and Self-Actuating Friction Drive Device for a Revolving Stage." Key Engineering Materials 450 (November 2010): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.450.329.

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Friction drives offer certain advantages over gears. In particular, they generally run more quietly and are easier to manufacture than geared units. The friction drives used in revolving stages call for a large driving radius in order to reduce friction force. In traditional friction drives, the two friction wheels (driving and driven) must be highly and precisely circular. This makes the manufacture of the driven wheel difficult and uneconomical. In this paper, a floating and self-actuating friction drive device was developed with the use of a swinging gearbox. In this device, the driving wheel is floatable, so the driven wheel is permitted to have certain deviation of roundness in the make and certain eccentricity in the installation. This avoids the difficulties in making and installing the driven wheel. This is a strong point in the applications of the revolving stage and other large-scale revolving devices. Meanwhile, this configuration can adaptively generate a normal torque on demand by using a swinging gearbox. This relieves the friction wheels of a continuous and high-stress load, thus prolonging their workability. Also, this paper described the working principles of this new friction drive device and presented a force analysis.

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11

TANAKA, Hirohisa, and Nozomi TOYODA. "TD-02 LIQUID TO SOLID DRIVE OF A HALF-TOROIDAL CVT(TRACTION DRIVES)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2009 (2009): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2009.653.

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12

bin Abu Hassan, Mohd Arif, Abdul Rahim bin Abdullah, Nurhazilina bt Bahari, and Muhammad Ihsan Mohd Sabri. "Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Motor Drive for Air Conditioner." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.243.

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This paper presents an efficiency comparison and verification of two types of Brushless DC (BLDC) motors and drives combination. The trapezoidal BLDC motor is excited by trapezoidal drive and sinusoidal BLDC motor is excited by sinusoidal drive. In air conditioner fan motor system, the sinusoidal type of BLDC motor with sinusoidal drive is applied. However, the DC link voltage of the motor is high and thus demands for high power consumption. Furthermore, the sinusoidal drive use vector control which is complicated to be implemented and make the driver high cost. Therefore, further improvement in energy consumption and drive system is required by develop combination of trapezoidal BLDC motor with trapezoidal drive. Thus, these two combination motors and drives required for efficiency comparison. The motors drives are simulated by using MATLAB and then their efficiencies are measured. At the end of this paper, the results show that the trapezoidal BLDC motor with trapezoidal drive offers higher efficiency compared to sinusoidal BLDC motor with vector control drive. It indicates that the developed drive system is considerable to be applied in the air conditioner fan motor system.

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13

Hammond, Andrew, Xenia Karlsson, Ioanna Morianou, Kyros Kyrou, Andrea Beaghton, Matthew Gribble, Nace Kranjc, et al. "Regulating the expression of gene drives is key to increasing their invasive potential and the mitigation of resistance." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): e1009321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009321.

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Homing-based gene drives use a germline source of nuclease to copy themselves at specific target sites in a genome and bias their inheritance. Such gene drives can be designed to spread and deliberately suppress populations of malaria mosquitoes by impairing female fertility. However, strong unintended fitness costs of the drive and a propensity to generate resistant mutations can limit a gene drive’s potential to spread. Alternative germline regulatory sequences in the drive element confer improved fecundity of carrier individuals and reduced propensity for target site resistance. This is explained by reduced rates of end-joining repair of DNA breaks from parentally deposited nuclease in the embryo, which can produce heritable mutations that reduce gene drive penetrance. We tracked the generation and selection of resistant mutations over the course of a gene drive invasion of a population. Improved gene drives show faster invasion dynamics, increased suppressive effect and later onset of target site resistance. Our results show that regulation of nuclease expression is as important as the choice of target site when developing a robust homing-based gene drive for population suppression.

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14

Magura, Daniel, Karol Kyslan, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, and Viliam Fedák. "Distribution of the Strip Tensions with Slip Control in Strip Processing Lines." Energies 12, no. 15 (August 4, 2019): 3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153010.

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The control of tension in processing lines for metal strips tackles several problems. The process of achieving high tension driven by a multi-motor drive system, where the motors are mechanically coupled by a strip, is affected by the maximal torque of each drive, by friction between the strip and the surface of the tension roll, and by the wrap angle. The friction itself and the wrap angle are described by the eµα factor, which can be also calculated as the ratio of tensions in the strip in the previous section and subsequent section of the multi-motor drive. In this paper, an algorithm for the proper distribution of tensions in the strip for a multi-motor drive system of a continuous processing line is revealed. The algorithm ensures the tension distribution among particular drives of the tension leveler while respecting the physical limits of the drives and also preserving the desired conditions of a constant ratio between the input and output tensions for all drives in the leveler. The algorithm also prevents overloading of the drives. Finally, the algorithm was implemented in a control system of a strip processing line, and the obtained results correspond with the simulations. This, in turn, confirms the correctness of the algorithm design.

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15

Saldanha, John P., C. Shane Hunt, and John E. Mello. "Driver Management That Drives Carrier Performance." Journal of Business Logistics 34, no. 1 (March 2013): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12007.

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16

Olivers, C. "What drives memory-driven attentional capture?" Journal of Vision 8, no. 6 (March 20, 2010): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.6.1116.

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Krolikowski, Marcin W., and Kevin Okoeguale. "ECONOMIC SHOCKS, COMPETITION AND MERGER ACTIVITY." Journal of Business Accounting and Finance Perspectives 1, no. 1 (August 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26870/1.

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This study seeks to understand “how” economic shocks drive industry merger activity. We test whether economic shocks from deregulation and technological change drive industry merger activity by increasing industry competition, controlling for the effect of valuations. We find that these shocks drive merger activity through three channels related to industry competition; deregulation drives merger activity by increasing entry and cash flow volatility; technological change drives merger activity by increasing entry and inter-firm dispersion in the quality of production technology. These findings underscore the role of the competitive mechanism in how managers reallocate assets via mergers and support the view that the industry-level clustering of merger activity is an efficiency-driven restructuring response to increased competition.

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Ellis, David A., George Avraam, Astrid Hoermann, Claudia A. S. Wyer, Yi Xin Ong, George K. Christophides, and Nikolai Windbichler. "Testing non-autonomous antimalarial gene drive effectors using self-eliminating drivers in the African mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): e1010244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010244.

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Gene drives for mosquito population modification are novel tools for malaria control. Strategies to safely test antimalarial effectors in the field are required. Here, we modified the Anopheles gambiae zpg locus to host a CRISPR/Cas9 integral gene drive allele (zpgD) and characterized its behaviour and resistance profile. We found that zpgD dominantly sterilizes females but can induce efficient drive at other loci when it itself encounters resistance. We combined zpgD with multiple previously characterized non-autonomous payload drives and found that, as zpgD self-eliminates, it leads to conversion of mosquito cage populations at these loci. Our results demonstrate how self-eliminating drivers could allow safe testing of non-autonomous effector-traits by local population modification. They also suggest that after engendering resistance, gene drives intended for population suppression could nevertheless serve to propagate subsequently released non-autonomous payload genes, allowing modification of vector populations initially targeted for suppression.

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Schmidt, Jürgen, Mariella Dreißig, Wolfgang Stolzmann, and Matthias Rötting. "The Influence of Prolonged Conditionally Automated Driving on the Take-Over Ability of the Driver." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1974–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601972.

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Other than during manual and partly automated driving, the driver will not need to constantly observe and correct the path of his/her car with future conditionally automated driving (CAD) systems. The driver will be only responsible to stay alert and be ready to take-over the driving in a preset handover time, if requested. The aim of this simulator study was to examine the reactions of drivers, when requested to take-over after a long, monotonous conditionally automated drive. The conditionally automated drives of 20 drivers (mean driving time of 2:51 ± 0:18 h) were evaluated. To test their reaction and take-over ability, the drivers experienced four easy take-over situations and were additionally challenged with a demanding situation in their worst state regarding fatigue. There was no significant influence found of their fatigue state on the take-over time and quality. The different take-over times in different situations point merely towards an adaption of the drivers’ reactions onto the specific necessities of the different driving situations.

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20

Ferraz, Flávio Carvalho. "De objeto da pulsão a objeto-fonte da pulsão: um imperativo epistemológico." Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental 25, no. 1 (January 2022): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-4714.2022v25n1p66.4.

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A sexualidade humana, no que se refere à identidade sexual e à escolha de objeto, situa-se no campo do psíquico, ou seja, da pulsão, expressando-se pela fantasia. Sua instalação é precoce, ocorrida ao tempo da sedução da criança pelo adulto, num tempo complexo que conjuga fundação do inconsciente, nascimento da pulsão e instalação do objeto a partir de fora, na chamada situação antropológica fundamental. Como já demonstrado pelo fracasso nas tentativas científicas de encontro de determinantes genéticas para a identidade sexual, o discurso a incidir sobre a sexualidade humana sai definitivamente do campo do natural rumo ao campo do psíquico. Tal constatação implicou, a partir da psicanálise, um remanejamento na própria esfera da epistemologia, de modo análogo à revolução que a antropologia já havia operado ao definir objeto da cultura também fora do campo da natureza.

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NARITA, Yukihito, Masashi YAMANAKA, and Katsumi INOUE. "TD-07 MEASUREMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF SHAFT DRIVE CVT USING ZERO-SPIN DISK(TRACTION DRIVES)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2009 (2009): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2009.681.

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22

Tang, Yuzhou, Xiaodang Peng, Shiyong Xu, Mingju Bai, Lifang Lin, and Haihan Sun. "Study on Driver Gaze Characteristics in Sight Distance Limited Section of Mountain Highway Based on Visual Information." Journal of Mathematics 2022 (January 6, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9482875.

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In order to study the gaze behavior characteristics of drivers in mountainous road sections with limited sight distance, the real vehicle test is carried out by using Smart Eye Pro 5.7 noninvasive eye tracker. Combined with the sight distance change rate theory, 6 typical test representative mountainous sections are selected to study the gaze distribution law and gaze duration of drivers in different mountainous sections. The research shows that when the driver drives on the test section with the most unfavorable sight distance of 44 m, 50 m, and 56 m, the fixation characteristics of “from far to near” are significant, and the long fixation duration accounts for a large proportion of the driver. When the driver drives on the section with the most unfavorable sight distance of more than 70 m, i.e., the sight distance change rate of less than 1.33, the fixation characteristics of “from far to near” disappear. The driver’s fixation stability increases, the fixation freedom increases, and the proportion of medium and long fixation duration decreases. The data analysis provides a theoretical basis for drivers to pass safely in mountainous sections.

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23

Castillo, M. "From Hard Drives to Flash Drives to DNA Drives." American Journal of Neuroradiology 35, no. 1 (April 4, 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a3482.

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24

DeGaspari, John. "Power Moves." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 05 (May 1, 1999): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-may-5.

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This article discusses developments in electric motors and drives that are boosting efficiency, simplifying setup, and cutting costs. New drives offer compact designs and simplified installation, and start-up. An inexpensive controller for single-phase ac induction motors has been developed by Anacon Systems Inc. of Springfield, Montana. The controller is targeted to a huge installed base of fan, pump, and compressor motors. The company also has introduced a Smartcom series of motor controllers specifically designed for residential and light commercial Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) applications. New products currently under development by Anacon Systems will extend the range of offerings to cover power ranges up to 2 hp. The company also plans to offer controllers for three-phase motors. A new energy-efficient integrated ac drive/motor, combining plug-and-play installation and compact design, has been introduced by ABB Drives & Power Products of New Berlin, Wisconsin. The new drive has power cables at the bottom rather than on the side. The drive's compact size allows it to fit into many retrofit spaces and frees up panel space that would be occupied by a larger drive, according to ABB.

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Solms, Mark. "Revision of Drive Theory." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 69, no. 6 (December 2021): 1033–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651211057041.

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Several deep revisions of Freud’s theory of the drives are proposed: (1) Drives are conscious and are in fact the source of all consciousness. (2) Drive energy is equated with variational free energy and is therefore quantifiable in principle. (3) There are not two drives but many, seven of which may be described as “emotional” as opposed to “bodily” drives. (4) All drives are self-preservative or preservative of the species; there is no death drive at work in the mind. This means, at the mechanistic level, that all drives are homeostatic and anti-entropic. (5) The great task of mental development is to supplement instinctual predictions about how our multiple drive demands may be met and reconciled with each other. This work is done by learning from experience, mainly through voluntary behavior, which is governed by conscious feelings.

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Kong, Lingyuan, and Robert G. Parker. "Mechanics and Sliding Friction in Belt Drives With Pulley Grooves." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 2 (June 23, 2005): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2168469.

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The steady mechanics of a two-pulley belt drive system are examined where the pulley grooves, belt extension and wedging in the grooves, and the associated friction are considered. The belt is modeled as an axially moving string with the tangential and normal accelerations incorporated. The pulley grooves generate two-dimensional radial and tangential friction forces whose undetermined direction depends on the relative speed between belt and pulley along the contact arc. Different from single-pulley analyses, the entry and exit points between the belt spans and pulleys must be determined in the analysis due to the belt radial penetration into the pulley grooves and the coupling of the driver and driven pulley solutions. A new computational technique is developed to find the steady mechanics of a V-belt drive. This allows system analysis, such as speed/torque loss and maximum tension ratio. The governing boundary value problem (BVP) with undetermined boundaries is converted to a fixed boundary form solvable by a general-purpose BVP solver. Compared to flat belt drives or models that neglect radial friction, significant differences in the steady belt-pulley mechanics arise in terms of belt radial penetration, free span contact points, tension, friction, and speed variations.

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Sirisha, Bogimi, and Laxminarayana Yalakanti. "A mitigation technique for torque ripple in a brushless DC motor by controlled switching of small DC link capacitor." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i2.3408.

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High performance applications are now days utilizing the brushless DC motor (BLDC) drives due to its ruggedness, compactness, high torque to weight ratio, high dynamic response etc. the feature of square-wave current excitation waveforms in BLDC motor drives allows some major system simplifications for trapezoidal BLDC motors. The developed torque is constant in ideal conditions in this motor when its back emf waveform is of trapezoidal type. Despite this, due to the physical construction of the motor and its settings, torque ripple exists in the output torque and is an undesired phenomenon in the BLDC motor drives and are also linked to the motor's control and driver sides. This paper provides a new way for reducing torque ripple and is simple, compact and cost effective. To prove the correctness of the compensation technique, circuit is modelled and simulations are carried to examine the theoretical performance of the BLDC motor drive. Experiments on a prototype drive were conducted to further validate the theoretical analysis as well as the utility of the proposed technique.

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Radhakrishnan, Vishnu, Natasha Merat, Tyron Louw, Michael G. Lenné, Richard Romano, Evangelos Paschalidis, Foroogh Hajiseyedjavadi, Chongfeng Wei, and Erwin R. Boer. "Measuring Drivers’ Physiological Response to Different Vehicle Controllers in Highly Automated Driving (HAD): Opportunities for Establishing Real-Time Values of Driver Discomfort." Information 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11080390.

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This study investigated how driver discomfort was influenced by different types of automated vehicle (AV) controllers, compared to manual driving, and whether this response changed in different road environments, using heart-rate variability (HRV) and electrodermal activity (EDA). A total of 24 drivers were subjected to manual driving and four AV controllers: two modelled to depict “human-like” driving behaviour, one conventional lane-keeping assist controller, and a replay of their own manual drive. Each drive lasted for ~15 min and consisted of rural and urban environments, which differed in terms of average speed, road geometry and road-based furniture. Drivers showed higher skin conductance response (SCR) and lower HRV during manual driving, compared to the automated drives. There were no significant differences in discomfort between the AV controllers. SCRs and subjective discomfort ratings showed significantly higher discomfort in the faster rural environments, when compared to the urban environments. Our results suggest that SCR values are more sensitive than HRV-based measures to continuously evolving situations that induce discomfort. Further research may be warranted in investigating the value of this metric in assessing real-time driver discomfort levels, which may help improve acceptance of AV controllers.

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Lee, Michael L., Mark E. Howard, William J. Horrey, Yulan Liang, Clare Anderson, Michael S. Shreeve, Conor S. O’Brien, and Charles A. Czeisler. "High risk of near-crash driving events following night-shift work." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510383112.

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Night-shift workers are at high risk of drowsiness-related motor vehicle crashes as a result of circadian disruption and sleep restriction. However, the impact of actual night-shift work on measures of drowsiness and driving performance while operating a real motor vehicle remains unknown. Sixteen night-shift workers completed two 2-h daytime driving sessions on a closed driving track at the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety: (i) a postsleep baseline driving session after an average of 7.6 ± 2.4 h sleep the previous night with no night-shift work, and (ii) a postnight-shift driving session following night-shift work. Physiological measures of drowsiness were collected, including infrared reflectance oculography, electroencephalography, and electrooculography. Driving performance measures included lane excursions, near-crash events, and drives terminated because of failure to maintain control of the vehicle. Eleven near-crashes occurred in 6 of 16 postnight-shift drives (37.5%), and 7 of 16 postnight-shift drives (43.8%) were terminated early for safety reasons, compared with zero near-crashes or early drive terminations during 16 postsleep drives (Fishers exact:P= 0.0088 andP= 0.0034, respectively). Participants had a significantly higher rate of lane excursions, average Johns Drowsiness Scale, blink duration, and number of slow eye movements during postnight-shift drives compared with postsleep drives (3.09/min vs. 1.49/min; 1.71 vs. 0.97; 125 ms vs. 100 ms; 35.8 vs. 19.1; respectively,P< 0.05 for all). Night-shift work increases driver drowsiness, degrading driving performance and increasing the risk of near-crash drive events. With more than 9.5 million Americans working overnight or rotating shifts and one-third of United States commutes exceeding 30 min, these results have implications for traffic and occupational safety.

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Rao, Jun. "Punching Machine Driver Research Based on Pulse Electromagnetic Force Actuator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.78.

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Punch variety of drives, hydraulic, motor type is also commonly used. Conventional press drives both in terms of simplicity of the structure also in terms of effectiveness of control are present many problems. As is a background on the background of press drive innovative design, research on pulsed electric-magnetic field driven punch. Thanks to electro-magnetic direct drive, the system structure is simple, convenient control flexible, changing the timing and amplitude of excitation pulse, can change the speed and direction of movement of permanent magnet ring and have the output force of significant features. From the design on the effect of pulse electromagnetic drive punch, its index relative to the mechanical structure has improved, such as stamping frequencies up to 300 times/min, noise less than 80dB, volume reduction of cent, reduce the weight of 60%. This structure can greatly improve the working speed of the punch, while simplifying punch drive mechanical structure.

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Sreejeth, Mini, Parmod Kumar, and Madhusudan Singh. "Distributed Drives Monitoring and Control: A Laboratory Setup." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/924928.

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A laboratory setup of distributed drives system comprising a three-phase induction motor (IM) drive and a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive is modeled, designed, and developed for the monitoring and control of the individual drives. The integrated operation of IM and PMSM drives system has been analyzed under different operating conditions, and their performance has been monitored through supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. The necessary SCADA graphical user interface (GUI) has also been created for the display of drive parameters. The performances of IM and PMSM under parametric variations are predicted through sensitivity analysis. An integrated operation of the drives is demonstrated through experimental and simulation results.

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Lifka, Sebastian, and Werner Baumgartner. "A Novel Screw Drive for Allogenic Headless Position Screws for Use in Osteosynthesis—A Finite-Element Analysis." Bioengineering 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8100136.

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Due to their osteoconductive properties, allogenic bone screws made of human cortical bone have advantages regarding rehabilitation compared to other materials such as stainless steel or titanium. Since conventional screw drives like hexagonal or hexalobular drives are difficult to manufacture in headless allogenic screws, an easy-to-manufacture screw drive is needed. In this paper, we present a simple drive for headless allogenic bone screws that allows the screw to be fully inserted. Since the screw drive is completely internal, no threads are removed. In order to prove the mechanical strength, we performed simulations of the new drive using the Finite-Element method (FEM), validated the simulations with a prototype screw, tested the novel screw drive experimentally and compared the simulations with conventional drives. The validation with the prototype showed that our simulations provided valid results. Furthermore, the simulations of the new screw drive showed good performance in terms of mechanical strength in allogenic screws compared to conventional screw drives. The presented screw drive is simple and easy to manufacture and is therefore suitable for headless allogenic bone screws where conventional drives are difficult to manufacture.

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Ichihara, Junichi, Koichi Tezuka, and Akihiko Makita. "Focusing Actuator for Magneto-optical Disk Drives." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 5, no. 4 (August 20, 1993): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1993.p0326.

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Magneto-optical disk drives have some disadvantages compared with hard disk drives such as low access speed and low data rate. A small-light optical head and high speed rotation of the drive would improve the performance , as well as achieving over write. This paper details the development of a small-light focusing actuator, which can be used in high speed rotation of disks and make optical heads small and thin. It discusses the actuator suspension which raises the frequencies of higher order mechanical resonance. It also includes a parallel leaf spring suspension with the visco-elastic damping layer. It experimentally evaluates the vibration characteristics. Results show that the frequencies of higher order mechanical resonance are above 50kHz. The actuator is driven by a novel moving coil motor which makes the moving part thin and stiff. This paper describes the design and performance of the motor.

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UEDA, Hiroyuki, and Masanori KAGOTANI. "BCD-07 TRNSMISSION ERROR IN SYNCHRONOUS BELT DRIVES UNDER DYNAMIC CONDITIONS(BELT AND CHAIN DRIVES)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2009 (2009): 636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2009.636.

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PIELECHA, Ireneusz, Wojciech CIEŚLIK, and Kinga FLUDER. "Analysis of energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles in urban driving conditions." Combustion Engines 173, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2018-203.

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The pursuit of fuel consumption reduction by vehicles leads to a sudden increase in the share of hybrid and electric drives in the vehicle market. Replacing hybrid vehicles with electric vehicles requires long-term technological solutions, both for the infrastructure and the vehicles themselves. Therefore, one of the leading types of passenger car drives is currently the hybrid drive. The generated work share of electric drives used to power hybrid vehicles is a determinant of the viability of using electric drives. The article estimates the operating time share of electric and hybrid modes operation in real driving conditions (RDC) based on the latest Toyota hybrid model. The research object was a vehicle from the crossover group equipped with a fourth generation hybrid drive. Analysis of the drives operation allowed to determine the conditions of energy flow and determine the work share of the electric drive in the total driving time.

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Bodzás, S., and I. Dudás. "Comparative finite element method analysis of two spiroid worm gear drives having different profiles." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 6, no. 1 (June 2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2015.6.1.5.

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With the knowledge of the advantageous characteristics of the cylindrical worm gear drives having arched profile in axial section and the conical worm gear drives having linear profile in axial section, a new geometric type conical worm gear drive has been designed and then manufactured, that is the conical worm gear drive having arched profile in axial section. Under same load and boundary conditions in case of the same geometric spiroid worm gear drives having arched profile and having linear profile in axial section we have done comparative finite element method analysis for evaluating the strains, deformations and stresses of this gear drives.

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Chien, Siong Kai, Sy Yi Sim, Wahyu Mulyo Utomo, Sie Long Kek, Farahiyah Mustafa, Nor Aira Zambri, Alvin John Lim Meng Siang, and Gia Yi Sim. "Enhanced DTC induction motor drives for THD minimization performance improvement with multilevel inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp93-101.

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Direct torque control (DTC) is a method applied in induction motor (IM) drives to control the speed and torque of IM accurately and independently without feedback signal. However, in fast fourier transform (FFT) analysis, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the IM drives is high in DTC method with conventional inverter (CI). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to minimize the THD without affecting the drive’s performance. A DTC IM drive with multilevel inverter (MLI) is proposed in this study to reduce THD and preserve good speed and torque response of IM simultaneously. DTC IM drive with proposed MLI based THD minimization has several advantages over the DTC IM drive with CI, including higher generated output voltage with low distortion, operate under low switching frequency, and work with renewable energy. In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed MLI based THD minimization in DTC IM drive, MATLAB Simulink is used to investigate the response of the IM drive and THD under different operating condition. From this study, proposed MLI based THD minimization DTC IM drive is able to reduce THD with a maximum of 13% in low speed operation as compared to DTC IM drive with CI.

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McGraw, Marie C., and Elizabeth A. Barnes. "New Insights on Subseasonal Arctic–Midlatitude Causal Connections from a Regularized Regression Model." Journal of Climate 33, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0142.1.

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ABSTRACT Arctic–midlatitude teleconnections are complex and multifaceted. By design, targeted modeling studies typically focus only on one direction of influence—usually, the midlatitude atmospheric response to a changing Arctic. The two-way, coupled feedbacks between the Arctic and the midlatitude circulation on submonthly time scales are explored using a regularized regression model formulated around Granger causality. The regularized regression model indicates that there are regions in which Arctic temperature drives a midlatitude circulation response, and regions in which the midlatitude circulation drives a response in the Arctic; however, these regions rarely overlap. In many regions, on submonthly time scales, the midlatitude circulation drives Arctic temperature variability, highlighting the important role the midlatitude circulation can play in impacting the Arctic. In particular, the regularized regression model results support recent work that indicates that the observed high pressure anomalies over Eurasia drive a significant response in the Arctic on submonthly time scales, rather than being driven by the Arctic.

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Karamguzhinova, A. E., V. N. Kuznetsova, V. V. Savinkin, and D. A. Koptyaev. "ELECTROHYDROCYLINDER OF INCREASED EFFICIENCY: PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 17, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-1-22-31.

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Introduction. The problem of increasing the efficiency of power machines is important to develop a new design of the main elements or drive with the possibility of widespread use of hybrid drives. To preserve the power characteristics of the drive and its technical and operational indicators, the authors consider a hybrid with the available electric and hydraulic drive parts that form a complex synergistic mechanism as an alternative. The proposed combined tracking system with the specified parameters allows for the efficient operation of the drive of many machines.Materials and methods. The paper presented the results of an analytical study, the prospects for the development of mechatronic systems in engineering and technological complexes. The research also identified the industry area with a high development potential for mechatronic and hybrid drives. The authors formulated the problem of designing and developing hybrid drives due to the fact that there was no single method for substantiating the energy efficiency indicators of a power hybrid drive that ensured the interaction of two dissimilar systems (electric drive and hydraulic drive with fundamentally different parameters).Results. Therefore, the authors conducted the analysis of the structural, technological and operational parameters of the hybrid drive systems and proposed a combined servo drive system.Discussion and conclusions. The authors prove and justify the extensive possibilities of using hybrid drives as an alternative to pneumatic and hydraulic drives The results of the research allow specifying the directions and prospects of using hybrid synergetic drives and systems for the functioning of working equipment, machines and complexes.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

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Yang, Alan, AmirEmad Ghassami, Elyse Rosenbaum, and Negar Kiyavash. "Data-driven Reliability for Datacenter Hard Disk Drives." EDFA Technical Articles 21, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2019-2.p016.

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Abstract The problem of constructing reliable systems out of unreliable components is usually dealt with through a combination of redundancy and early retirement. This article assesses the potential of an intelligent failure prediction system that depends more on diagnostic data and analytics than built-in redundancy and costly replacement.

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Knödel, Ulrich, Alexander Strube, Uli Christian Blessing, and Sven Klostermann. "Design and implementation of requirement-driven electric drives." ATZ worldwide 112, no. 6 (June 2010): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03225133.

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Bodzás, Sándor, and Illés Dudás. "Comparative Finite Element Method Analysis of Spiroid Worm Gear Drives Having Arched Profile and Having Linear Profile in Axial Section." Technological Engineering 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/teen-2014-0005.

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Abstract With the knowledge of the advantageous characteristics of the cylindrical worm gear drives having arched profile in axial section and the conical worm gear drives having linear profile in axial section, a new geometric type conical worm gear drive has been designed and then manufactured, that is the conical worm gear drive having arched profile in axial section. Beside similar charging and marginal conditions in case of the same geometric spiroid worm gear drives having arched profile and having linear profile in axial section we have done comparative finite element method analysis for awarding of the strains, deformations and stresses of this gear drives.

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YAMAMOTO, Takeshi, Kiyofumi YOSHITANI, Yasushi TOMITA, and Kenji MORI. "TD-06 AN ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE OF A STEPPED TRACTION DRIVE TRANSMISSION(TRACTION DRIVES)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2009 (2009): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2009.677.

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Jeftenic, Borislav, Milan Bebic, Miodrag Milojevic, and Mario Belincevic. "New drive and control concept of the paper-board machine at the board factory "Umka"." Chemical Industry 58, no. 5 (2004): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0405240j.

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This paper describes the reconstruction of the drives of a paper machine for the press and drying part of the machine during June, 2001, as well as the expansion of the paper machine with a "third coating" during July, 2002 at the board factory "Umka". The existing old drive of the press and the drying groups was realized as a 76 meter long line shaft drive. The coating section of the machine was realized with sectional drives with DC motors fed from thyristor converters. The concept of the new drive is based on standard squirrel cage induction motors, fed from frequency converters. The system is controlled by a programmable logic controller. The communication between the controller, frequency converters and control panels is realized with a profibus protocol. The Laboratory for Electric Drives, of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade, was contracted for the drive part of the reconstruction of the paper-board machine. The complete project, supervision of the work of the investor's own technical services and final commissioning of the drives were organized in such a way that the drives were changed during the planned periods for the repair of the machine.

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Rackov, Milan, Siniša Kuzmanović, Ivan Knežević, Maja Čavić, Marko Penčić, Dijana Čavić, and Nicolae Florin Cofaru. "Analysis of Possible Concept Solutions of Chain Drives." MATEC Web of Conferences 290 (2019): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929001018.

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Possible concept solutions of chain drives are analysed in this paper in order to point out the benefits of chain drive application and, in particular, the possibility of application of multi-level chain drive. The paper also analyses the possibility of replacing the gear drives with chain drives, which, in the case of short-term drive and using the same direction of rotation, enables a slightly simpler drive solution. The paper doesn’t consider difference between the roller and gear chains application because these two types of chains can be used very successfully. Also, the possibility of using timing belt drive is not considered, but it can be also used very successfully in this type of drive, but only as a transmission of motion.

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Sohail, Sharoze, and Muhammad Saad Saleem. "Sabertooth Based Smart Electric Wheelchair with Advanced Features." Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.57041/pjosr.v1i1.4.

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This paper describes the working of a Sabertooth based high power smart wheelchair. It is focused at removing the wheelchair drive issues by using a compendious motor driver. This driver is programmed and synchronized to allow stable movement in long drives, ramps, and slopes along with over current and heating protection. In addition, it aims at making disabled people independent by decreasing the use of physical, perceptual and cognitive skills. Further, it has been integrated with an Arduino, obstacle avoidance sensors (HC-SRO4), pulse and temperature sensors, and an android app to create automatic controllability and a comfortable drive with added monitoring features.

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Wu, Yingxu, Mathis P. Hain, Matthew P. Humphreys, Sue Hartman, and Toby Tyrrell. "What drives the latitudinal gradient in open-ocean surface dissolved inorganic carbon concentration?" Biogeosciences 16, no. 13 (July 11, 2019): 2661–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2661-2019.

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Abstract. Previous work has not led to a clear understanding of the causes of spatial pattern in global surface ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which generally increases polewards. Here, we revisit this question by investigating the drivers of observed latitudinal gradients in surface salinity-normalized DIC (nDIC) using the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2) database. We used the database to test three different hypotheses for the driver producing the observed increase in surface nDIC from low to high latitudes. These are (1) sea surface temperature, through its effect on the CO2 system equilibrium constants, (2) salinity-related total alkalinity (TA), and (3) high-latitude upwelling of DIC- and TA-rich deep waters. We find that temperature and upwelling are the two major drivers. TA effects generally oppose the observed gradient, except where higher values are introduced in upwelled waters. Temperature-driven effects explain the majority of the surface nDIC latitudinal gradient (182 of the 223 µmol kg−1 increase from the tropics to the high-latitude Southern Ocean). Upwelling, which has not previously been considered as a major driver, additionally drives a substantial latitudinal gradient. Its immediate impact, prior to any induced air–sea CO2 exchange, is to raise Southern Ocean nDIC by 220 µmol kg−1 above the average low-latitude value. However, this immediate effect is transitory. The long-term impact of upwelling (brought about by increasing TA), which would persist even if gas exchange were to return the surface ocean to the same CO2 as without upwelling, is to increase nDIC by 74 µmol kg−1 above the low-latitude average.

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Kulasegaram, Kulamakan M., Paul Tonin, Patricia Houston, and Cynthia Whitehead. "Accreditation drives medical education. Does evidence drive accreditation?" Medical Education 52, no. 7 (June 6, 2018): 772–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/medu.13584.

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Acciai, Matteo, Alessio Calzona, Matteo Carrega, and Maura Sassetti. "Spectral features of voltage pulses in interacting helical channels." EPJ Web of Conferences 230 (2020): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023000009.

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We investigate the interplay of voltage-driven excitations and electron-electron interactions in a pair of counterpropagating helical channels capacitively coupled to a time-dependent gate. By focusing on the non-equilibrium spectral properties of the system, we show how the spectral function is modified by external drives with different time profile in presence of Coulomb interactions. In particular, we focus on a Lorentzian drive and a square single pulse. In presence of strong enough electron-electron interactions, we find that both drives can result in minimal excitations, i.e. characterized by an excess spectral function with a definite sign. This is in contrast with what happens in the non-interacting case, where only properly quantized Lorentzian pulses are able to produce minimal excitations.

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Torsney, Kelli, Dan Cocker, and Alistair Slesser. "Assessment drives learning, but what drives assessment?" International Journal of Surgery 11, no. 8 (October 2013): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.06.589.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Drives'

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