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Journal articles on the topic 'Driveshaft'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 September 2023

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1

Henry, Todd C., Jaret C. Riddick, Brent T. Mills, and Ed M. Habtour. "Composite driveshaft prototype design and survivability testing." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 16 (September 20, 2016): 2377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316670478.

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Rotorcraft drivelines typically utilize a multi-segmented metallic system to transmit power between the engine and tail rotor. The typical arrangement of metal driveshaft segments, hanger bearings, and flexible couplers contribute to a significant logistical footprint, maintenance downtime, and life-cycle costs. Thus, an innovative flexible matrix composite driveshaft design alternative is presented in this paper, intended to simultaneously reduce the number of couplers and bearings, as well as, provide high fatigue strain capacity. Through reduction in number of parts, the maintenance cost and time as well as weight of the system are reduced. Composite driveshafts, representing those used in utility helicopters, were designed using an optimization process that considers: (1) damping-induced self-heating, (2) whirling stability, (3) torsional buckling stability, and (4) lamina strength. The paper provides a ballistic comparison study between a baseline carbon/epoxy composite and flexible carbon/polyurethane composite driveshaft segments. One driveshaft of each material was torsionally loaded to failure without ballistic impact. Additionally, two driveshafts were impacted obliquely at zero torque with 7.62 and 12.7 mm armor piercing/incendiary (API) rounds. After impact, the driveshafts were loaded in torsion to failure. Residual torsional strengths were 17–21% and 13% of un-impacted strengths for the 7.62 mm and 12.7 mm rounds, respectively. For the small sample size, flexible driveshafts had a marginally higher residual strength compared to the carbon/epoxy counterpart. Residual torsional stiffness values were 83–86% and 52–59% for the 7.62 mm and 12.7 mm rounds, respectively.

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2

Bugaru, Mihai, and Andrei Vasile. "A Physically Consistent Model for Forced Torsional Vibrations of Automotive Driveshafts." Computation 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation10010010.

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The aim of this research was to design a physically consistent model for the forced torsional vibrations of automotive driveshafts that considered aspects of the following phenomena: excitation due to the transmission of the combustion engine through the gearbox, excitation due to the road geometry, the quasi-isometry of the automotive driveshaft, the effect of nonuniformity of the inertial moment with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tulip–tripod joint and of the bowl–balls–inner race joint, the torsional rigidity, and the torsional damping of each joint. To resolve the equations of motion describing the forced torsional nonlinear parametric vibrations of automotive driveshafts, a variational approach that involves Hamilton’s principle was used, which considers the isometric nonuniformity, where it is known that the joints of automotive driveshafts are quasi-isometric in terms of the twist angle, even if, in general, they are considered CVJs (constant velocity joints). This effect realizes the link between the terms for the torsional vibrations between the elements of the driveshaft: tripode–tulip, midshaft, and bowl–balls–inner race joint elements. The induced torsional loads (as gearbox torsional moments that enter the driveshaft through the tulip axis) can be of harmonic type, while the reactive torsional loads (as reactive torsional moments that enter the driveshaft through the bowl axis) are impulsive. These effects induce the resulting nonlinear dynamic behavior. Also considered was the effect of nonuniformity on the axial moment of inertia of the tripod–tulip element as well as on the axial moment of inertia of the bowl–balls–inner race joint element, that vary with the twist angle of each element. This effect induces parametric dynamic behavior. Moreover, the torsional rigidity was taken into consideration, as was the torsional damping for each joint of the driveshaft: tripod–joint and bowl–balls–inner race joint. This approach was used to obtain a system of equations of nonlinear partial derivatives that describes the torsional vibrations of the driveshaft as nonlinear parametric dynamic behavior. This model was used to compute variation in the natural frequencies of torsion in the global tulip (a given imposed geometry) using the angle between the tulip–midshaft for an automotive driveshaft designed for heavy-duty SUVs as well as the characteristic amplitude frequency in the region of principal parametric resonance together the method of harmonic balance for the steady-state forced torsional nonlinear vibration of the driveshaft. This model of dynamic behavior for the driveshaft can be used during the early stages of design as well in predicting the durability of automotive driveshafts. In addition, it is important that this model be added in the design algorithm for predicting the comfort elements of the automotive environment to adequately account for this kind of dynamic behavior that induces excitations in the car structure.

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3

Bugaru, Mihai, and Andrei Vasile. "Nonuniformity of Isometric Properties of Automotive Driveshafts." Computation 9, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation9120145.

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This paper presents an analysis of the CVJ (constant velocity joint) of automotive driveshafts from a point of view concerning the nonuniformity of isometric properties. In the automotive industry, driveshafts are considered to have constant velocity through its joints: free tripode joints and fixed ball joints, which has been proved by Mtzner’s indirect method and Orain’s direct method for tripod joint. Based on vectorial mechanics, the paper proved the quasi-isometry of velocity for polypod joints such as fixed ball joints. In the meantime, it was computed that the global nonuniformity of constant velocity joints for modern driveshafts based on the Dudita-Diaconescu homokinetic approach for the driveshafts. The nonuniformity of the velocity isometry of driveshafts was computed as a function of the input angular velocity of the driveshaft, angular inclination between the tripod–tulip axis and the midshaft axis and the angular inclination between the bowl axis and midshaft axis. The main aim of this article is how to improve the geometric and kinematic approach to add an important correction when designing the driveshaft dynamics prediction such as: forced torsional vibrations, forced bending–shearing vibrations, and coupled torsional–bending vibrations for the automotive driveshaft in the regions of specific resonances such as principal parametric resonance, internal resonance, combined resonance, and simultaneous resonances. By the way it is added, there are important corrections for the design of driveshafts, for the torsional dynamic behavior prediction, and for bending–shearing dynamic behavior of the driveshafts in the early stages of design. The results presented in the article represent a starting point for future research on dynamic phenomena in the area mentioned previously.

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4

Lim, S.-J., K.-H. Na, H.-J. Choi, Y.-B. Park, and C.-H. Lee. "Development of automotive tubular driveshaft using the rotary swaging process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 221, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem883.

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The present study has been carried out to investigate the driving performance characteristics for the vibration and torsional strength of the automotive tubular driveshaft manufactured by a rotary swaging process. A maximum torque and a total number of torsional repetitions for the tubular driveshaft is measured to know the respective strengths through the static torsion test and torsional endurance test. The weight of the tubular driveshaft product is reduced by about 12.8 per cent over that of the solid driveshaft with the same performance. The stiffness of the tubular driveshaft is greater than that of the solid driveshaft because the natural frequency of the tubular driveshaft is higher by about 21 per cent than that of the solid driveshaft in the experiment. The total number of the torsional repetitions up to the fracture for the tubular driveshaft is greater than 250 000. From these results, the tubular driveshaft has been proven to be more useful in many aspects such as weight reduction and improvement of vibration and stiffness characteristics compared to the solid driveshaft.

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5

Bartlett, H., and R. Whalley. "Power transmission system modelling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 212, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406981521394.

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This paper employs hybrid modelling techniques in the investigation of the dynamic performance of ‘long’ driveshafts, which include a clutch and load, for power transmission purposes. The power transmission system considered is suitable for a wide variety of applications in which the load is coupled directly to the clutch and hence to the ‘long’ driveshaft. Owing to the length of the shaft and relatively pointwise location of the clutch and load, a distributed—lumped (D—L) description of the arrangement is investigated. This enables the behaviour of the dispersed driveline shaft to be ‘adequately’ replicated along with the connecting elements. A discrete modelling approach is adopted and analysis and simulated response characteristics are presented, thereby validating the technique. Existing results on clutch judder are referred to and the interaction between judder and the driveshaft torsional oscillation is commented upon.

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6

Li, Jia Hao, Yao Liu, Yang Zhou, You Zhe Wang, Zhan Ling Guo, and Bin Shen. "Simulation and Experiment Analysis of Driveshaft." Journal of Coating Science and Technology 10 (August 30, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2369-3355.2023.10.01.

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A driveshaft is a small spring coil less than 1mm in diameter, composed of several stainless-steel wire filaments. In intervention, the driveshaft is used to transmit force and motion to the inside body through the existing micro channels (such as arteries, veins, and gastrointestinal tract). The performance of the driveshaft determines the efficiency, stability, and accuracy of force and motion transitions, the ability to pass through tortuous microchannels, and the damage to healthy tissues. To determine the influence of fabrication parameters (filament, wire diameter, and outer diameter) on the mechanical properties (such as bending stiffness and natural frequency) of the driveshaft, a simulation was established in ABAQUS to calculate the deformation displacement under 0.0098N and first-order natural frequency. Then, the bending stiffness is calculated. The results show that the bending stiffness and the first-order natural frequency of the driveshaft increase with the increase of the filament number and wire diameter, and with the outer diameter of the driveshaft increases, the bending stiffness increases, while the first-order natural frequency decreases. Finally, the simulation model is verified by measuring the deformation displacement in the experiment. This study provides a methodology for designing and selecting the driveshaft in Interventional therapy.

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7

Pramod, R., M. E. Shashi Kumar, and S. Mohan Kumar. "Finite Element Model Development for Structural Integrity of Shafts with Circumferential and Arbitrary Oriented Cracks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.905.

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Tubular drive shafts are subjected to combined axial tension, torsional moment and bending moment. The structural integrity of the driveshaft is investigated by evaluating the change in strength, stiffness and the life of the driveshaft with the change in the crack length. A review of driveshaft failure analysis case histories identifies circumferential crack and arbitrarily oriented cracks to be critical. The singular stress field around a crack tip in a general shell structure is characterized by mixed mode membrane and bending stress intensity factors. Accurate determination of these stress intensity factors (less than 1%) are carried out by a subprogram named as 3MBSIF. The validation of Finite element model using ABAQUS and post processing subprogram 3MBSIF together is carried out using benchmarks, a set of standard test problems with known target solutions. Further SIFs are derived for cylindrical shell and the driveshaft under the action of bending moment. To quantify the change in the compliance of cylindrical shell and the driveshaft with change in crack lengths is studied by performing Modal Analysis. It was observed that the variation in frequency is higher for smaller crack angles.

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8

Davies, T. H., and G. H. Niu. "On the Retrospective Balancing of Installed Planar Mechanisms." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 208, no. 1 (January 1994): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_096_02.

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The paper closely follows the work described in the preceding paper by Chiou and Davies (1) and shares with it the nomenclature and illustrative example. The results of that paper are used here to investigate the feasibility of providing retrospective balancing of existing machines on site. In reference (1) it is shown that unbalance of frequency that is a multiple k of driveshaft rotational frequency can be represented by contra-rotating force vectors Fk+, Fk- rotating about centres Sk+, Sk-, one of which can be chosen arbitrarily. As explained in reference (1) there are advantages in adding balance mass to existing shafts that rotate at driveshaft speed, notably of course the driveshaft itself, or shafts that rotate at an exact multiple k of that speed. The extrusion press machine described in reference (1) has a driveshaft balance mass. Space is available on the driveshaft to add additional mass as a retrofit measure, but the force exerted by the supplemented balance mass remains less than the first-order unbalance of magnitude F1+ that rotates in the same sense as the driveshaft. The residual unbalance still requires two contra-rotating forces to represent it, but one of these is less than it would otherwise have been without driveshaft balance mass. It will usually be found that there are boundaries to the regions where additional shafts can be located. This is particularly so within the frame of a machine where it is, to say the least, inconvenient to install shafts that span the width of the machine as a retrofit measure. Attention is therefore directed to balancing one or more frequency terms of the unbalance by additional masses installed external to the frame of the machine. Several means by which this can be done are described: they include the use of two or more additional shafts carrying balance masses and the use of dummy mechanisms. Means of driving the shafts and mechanisms are also briefly discussed.

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9

Prakash, Ravi, and Arun Patel. "Review and Analysis of Various Composite Propeller Shaft." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, no. 4 (April 28, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v5i4.198.

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The replacement of conventional steel driveshaft of automobiles with an appropriate composite driveshaft with different combinations of fibers at a time. For reducing the bending natural frequency the conventional steel shafts are made in two pieces, where to reduce the overall weight the composite material drive shaft is made in single piece. Various composites can be designed and analyzed for their appropriateness in terms of torsional strength, bending natural frequency and torsional buckling by comparing them with the conventional steel driveshaft under the same grounds of design constraints and the best-suited composite will be recommended. Light has been thrown upon the aspects like mass saving, number of plies and ply distribution.

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10

Lee, Jae Mun, Chul Hee Lee, and Seung Bok Choi. "Vibration Damping of Automotive Driveshafts with Piezofiber Composite Structures." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.222.

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This paper presents a solution of the vibration reduction in driving automotive shafts. Generally, vibration modes in automotive driveshafts are divided into the bending and torsional vibrations. However, the bending vibration is more dominant factor when it excites with the resonance frequencies in automotive driveshafts. In this paper, the vibration damping structure of automotive driveshaft is introduced by incorporating piezofiber composite structure, which is also called as MFC (Macro Fiber Composite). The MFC is an innovative actuator that offers high performance and flexibility than other piezo-materials, so it is the best candidate of actuator to apply to the curved surface of shaft. In order to simulate the bending vibration reduction in the automotive shaft, analytical model based on cylindrical shell theory was developed. Moreover, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using the piezoelectric-thermal analogy technique was conducted to confirm the analytical results and demonstrate the vibration reduction performance. The effect by the polarity of MFC on the vibration damping is also studied to find the best combination of MFC activation. Thus, the results showcase the optimal vibration damping capabilities using MFC in automotive driveshafts, and provide an outlook for the active damping control using the multi-mode resonance controllers.

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11

Wang, Huan Jun, Da Wei Yu, Yong Wei Yue, and Chao Wang. "Influnce of Support Stiffness on Free Vibration and Force Transmission Rate of Helicopter Driveshaft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.39.

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Bending vibration of helicopter driveshaft is a main source causing damage of bearing supports and noise of transmission system. Firstly, we get driveshaft element stiffness matrices and mass matrices based on the finite element theory. Then, we get calculate matrix eigenvalue of the entire system. Finally, we get natural frequencies and natural modes of different bearing system. Mass eccentricity is one of the main excitation sources of the transmission system vibration and noise. This excitation is transmitted to base by bending vibration of drive shaft, causing body vibration and noise. As transmission rate changes with different bearing stiffness of supports, it can be employed to reflect influence from bearing stiffness of supports on bending vibration of axis. Transmission rate can be used as input parameters (motivation) or goal parameters to reflect the performance of driveshaft vibration.

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12

Tchomeni, Bernard Xavier, and Alfayo Alugongo. "Modelling and Dynamic Analysis of an Unbalanced and Cracked Cardan Shaft for Vehicle Propeller Shaft Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 8132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178132.

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The vibrational behaviour of misaligned rotating machinery is described and analysed in this paper. The model, constructed based on the equations of vehicle dynamics, considered the dynamic excitation of a single Hooke’s joint. The system adopted the breathing functions from a recent publication to approximate the actual breathing mechanism of a cracked driveshaft. The study aimed to understand the transmission of a nonlinear signal from the unbalanced and cracked driveshaft to an unbalanced driven shaft via a Hooke’s joint. The governing equation of the system was established based on the energy principle and the Lagrangian approach. The instantaneous frequency (IF) identification of the cracked driveshaft was extracted based on the synchrosqueezing wavelet technique. To correlate the results, the nonlinear synchrosqueezing wavelet transforms combined with the classical waves techniques were experimentally used in various scenarios for dynamic analysis of the Cardan shaft system. The variations in the dynamic response in the form of a rising trend of higher harmonics of rotational frequency and increased level of sub-harmonic peaks in both shafts were presented as significant crack indicators. The synchrosqueezing response showed breathing crack excitation played a crucial role in the mixed faults response and caused divergence of the vibration amplitudes in the rotor’s deflections. The simulation and test results demonstrated that the driveshaft damage features impacted the transfer motion to the driven shaft and the Hooke’s joint coupling was the principal source of instability in the system. The proposed model offers new perspectives on vibration monitoring and enhancement analysis to cover complex Cardan shaft systems.

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13

Juang, T. B., M. Cheng, and L. Na. "Experimental and finite element analyses of a sliding-tube-type driveshaft-induced vehicle vibration." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 221, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14644193jmbd76.

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Driveline noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) has become an integral attribute in defining how the vehicle NVH performance is perceived by the customers of the automotive industry. The driveshaft component design requirements need to make sure that the designed driveline system is robust and reliable in order to achieve the vehicle NVH targets. They also need to ensure that the system maintains its durability performance as well. A slip mechanism in the driveline system is needed to accommodate the movements caused by the rear axle and rear suspensions when the vehicle travels on a rough road or accelerates/ decelerates abruptly. One design option to accommodate the slip mechanism is to use a press-fitted sliding-tube design. This slip mechanism causes the fluctuation of the contact forces in the tubes, particularly in the vehicle coast down course, and becomes a non-linear contact force phenomenon. This paper uses experimental and finite element method linear tools to explain the non-linear behaviour of the sliding-tube driveshaft, and to provide design options to prevent vehicle vibration issues created by the current sliding-tube driveshaft design.

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14

Muhammad, Irvin Barizi, Husaini, Ali Nurdin, Akmal Rauzatul, and Edisah Putra Teuku. "Failure Analysis of the Short Drive Shaft in a Screw Press Machine." Key Engineering Materials 892 (July 13, 2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.892.74.

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The screw press is a type of machine press used for extracting crude palm oil from the oil palm’s mesocarp, where its short driveshaft, a mechanical component for transmitting torque and rotation, is often found to be susceptible to failure. Since the initial damage to the short driveshafts in the shaft keyway area is associated with the frequent incidence of shaft failure, this research aimed to discover the root cause of this failure and how to prevent it using visual inspection and stress analysis methods as well as those of the fractography, metallography, chemical composition, and hardness tests. Using the descriptive method to analyse the collected data, the visual inspection and the fractography results of the research indicated that the fatigue crack failure of the short drive shaft in the palm oil screw press machine was caused by the fatigue crack initiation that was safe from stress concentration in its keyway areas. This crack initiation was followed by crack propagation as indicated in beach mark forms. Finally, the ductile fracture observed on the shaft surface was found to have resulted from the continuous rotational motion and the loading and unloading effect of the central shaft driving system.

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15

Gude, Maik, Florian Lenz, Andreas Gruhl, Bernhard Witschel, Andreas Ulbricht, and Werner Hufenbach. "Design and automated manufacturing of profiled composite driveshafts." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 22, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2014-0048.

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AbstractThe high specific strength and stiffness characteristics of composite materials such as carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) allow a significant weight reduction of the structural machine components such as automobile driveshafts. But high material cost and rather low productivity of the established manufacturing processes (e.g., filament winding) often inhibit the use of CFRP components in a high-volume car series. In this paper, a novel composite driveshaft system based on a profiled CFRP tube is presented. This system is designed to be produced by a continuous pultrusion process to achieve a significant reduction of the manufacturing costs. A cost assessment study was conducted to quantify the benefit of the developed continuous manufacturing process. In comparison with the state-of-the-art filament winding process, a cost reduction of 36% for the composite shaft body can be obtained. Moreover, the proposed fiber layup processes – braiding and continuous winding – offer the potential to manipulate the reinforcement architecture to maximize material utilization without reducing the manufacturing efficiency. This potential is investigated and validated by experimental tests. A difference in the load bearing capacity of more than 100% between different reinforcing architectures is shown.

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16

Adiman, A., B. Budiarto, and S. Siswanto. "Fracture failure analysis on drive shaft component of diesel locomotive." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 878, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/878/1/012066.

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Abstract Failure analysis is a systematic method of investigation to find the cause of the failure mechanism of a component or equipment. This research describes the fracture analysis of driveshaft components in a diesel locomotive. The drive shaft which is a connecting component around the compressor in the locomotive engine has failed. The methods used in this study include literature studies, visual observations, data collection, material characteristics through chemical composition tests, hardness tests, tensile tests, microstructure observations, fractographic observation, data processing, and analysis of test results. Based on the results of chemical composition testing and mechanical testing shows that the drive shaft is classified as plain carbon steel, specifically AISI 1025 steel. Visual observations and microstructure observations show that the driveshaft failure occurred at the connection part, which is the connection around the welded region. From the fractography results show a visible pattern of deformation plastic that showing the fracture occurred since the connection cannot bear the load given.

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17

Wang, Jinhong, Zhenping Li, Hongguang Li, Wendi Zhang, and Ke Bao. "Dynamics analysis of the nonlinear rotor system with Geislinger coupling." Vibroengineering PROCEDIA 49 (May 18, 2023): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23334.

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Rotor systems with coupling consist of two rotors, rolling bearings, sealing components, and nonlinear coupling. Currently, rotor systems with coupling are widely used in marine engines, aerospace engines, and various vehicle engines. In studies of rotor systems with coupling, the coupling connecting both sides of the rotor are often regarded as a linear stiffness unit. But in actual engineering, the torsional stiffness of the coupling varies with the speed of the system, and the variation of the coupling stiffness will affect the dynamic characteristics of the rotor. Based on the above phenomena, this study establishes the rotor model of driveshaft-Geislinger coupling-driveshaft in diesel engines and obtains the modal, frequency, and transient response analysis results of the rotor system with nonlinear Geislinger coupling. The modal, frequency, and transient response analysis results of the nonlinear model are compared with those of the linear model. This study can provide theoretical support for the vibration analysis of nonlinear rotor systems with connected Geislinger coupling.

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18

Tchomeni, Bernard Xavier, and Alfayo Alugongo. "Vibrations of Misaligned Rotor System with Hysteretic Friction Arising from Driveshaft–Stator Contact under Dispersed Viscous Fluid Influences." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 8089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178089.

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Dynamic analysis of a combination of misaligned rotors, the disturbance of the Cardan joint and the rotor–stator rubbing within a restricted clearance space in a viscous fluid is complex and can result in persistent vibration anomalies that are often misunderstood. It becomes increasingly important to gain some insights into how the transmission of coupled motion responds dynamically under a variety of conditions. This paper introduces an efficient simulation of the misaligned multi-degree-of-freedom rotor’s model, which was developed to predict the transient dynamic behaviours of a driveshaft deflection. The model accounts for tight clearance as a function of contact deformation according to nonlinear Hertzian contact theory. The paper also examines recent research by considering the influence of parameters such as eccentric masses, applied torques and flexible coupling joint perturbation introduced in the proposed rotor system. The simulation results indicated that the viscous fluid surrounding the driveshaft had sufficient torsional flexibility to dampen the rubbing impact to the driven shaft displacement. In addition, the torsional fluctuations of the flexible coupling abruptly increased, and then significantly impacted the vibration of the submerged driveshaft. Parametric studies involving the interconnected rotor models indicated that the effects of fluid on a close-bounds contact area can create partial disturbance reduction. The high rubbing contact is shown to be lost through the Hooke’s joints during power transmission. The speed-frequency spectrum maps provide valuable information on all the modelled excitations over the frequency of the twice-running speed resonance in a viscous medium. Further, nonlinear characteristics are reconstructed through orbit shapes and can be adopted in the condition monitoring of rotors in engineering practice.

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19

Mutasher, S. A., S. M. Sapuan, B. B. Sahari, and A. M. S. Hamouda. "Torsion Transmission Capacity of a Hybrid Aluminum/Composite Driveshaft." Polymers and Polymer Composites 14, no. 2 (February 2006): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110601400207.

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20

Marcos, Lucas Barbosa, and Marco Henrique Terra. "Markovian filtering for driveshaft torsion estimation in heavy vehicles." Control Engineering Practice 102 (September 2020): 104552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2020.104552.

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21

Bert, C. W., and Chun-Do Kim. "Whirling of Composite-Material Driveshafts including Bending-Twisting Coupling and Transverse Shear Deformation." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2873861.

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A simplified theory for predicting the first-order critical speed of a shear deformable, composite-material driveshaft is presented. The shaft is modeled as a Bresse-Timoshenko beam generalized to include bending-twisting coupling. Numerical results are compared with those for both thin and thick walled shell theories and generalized Bernoulli-Euler theory.

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22

DeGaspari, John. "Delivering the Goods." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-dec-7.

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This article presents a review on two conveyors at the Ford Motor Co.’s Wayne, MI, assembly plant that use the same technology to meet two very different requirements. One system handles fully dressed, pallet-mounted engines in packages weighing up to 1600 pounds, while the other deals with pallet-mounted instrument panels having a total package weight of 80 pounds. The conveyors, supplied by Bleichert Inc. of Sterling Heights, Mich., use a roller drive mechanism that allows them to adapt to the different application requirements. Ford accomplishes the engine/chassis marriage by lifting completely dressed engines into the vehicle from below. The pallet-mounted engines are transported on a cart, called a moon buggy by Wayne plant personnel. The drive motor can be positioned anywhere along the length of the conveyor. It uses a gear reducer and timing belt to transmit power to the driveshaft. Each of the one-meter-long driveshaft sections is linked to the next one by a coupling to complete the modular drive system.

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23

Grega, Robert, Jozef Krajňák, Lucia Žuľová, Gabriel Fedorko, and Vieroslav Molnár. "Failure analysis of driveshaft of truck body caused by vibrations." Engineering Failure Analysis 79 (September 2017): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.04.023.

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24

Hochhaus, Chrysta. "Schadensuntersuchung an einer Helikopter-Antriebswelle / Failure Investigation of a Helicopter Driveshaft." Practical Metallography 31, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-1994-310907.

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25

Bao, Wu. "The Design of Torsional Fatigue Life Test of Vehicle Steering Driveshaft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.310.

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The torsion fatigue life test which aimed at the automotive steering shaft designs the test bed of micro-controller based on PIC16F877 and makes the accurate test methods possible. The installation of a torque sensor in series with the magnetic particle brake can detect feedback on the test load. A serial port communication between micro-controller and programmable power supply can automatically adjust the output of current size of programmable power supply, and make torsional load output by the magnetic particle brake constant. The system is not only accurate in statistics testing and capable of memorizing the number of tests but also low cost and of practical value.

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NISHIDA, Shingo, Hiroshi MATSUHISA, Hideo UTSUNO, Keisuke YAMADA, and Katsutoshi SAWADA. "139 Torsional Vibration Suppression of Driveshaft with Magnetic Nonlinear Restoring Force." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2008 (2008): _139–1_—_139–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2008._139-1_.

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Bardugon, E., and J. Maciejewski. "Subsurface Fatigue Initiation in a Steel Driveshaft Involving a Weld Repair." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 20, no. 2 (April 2020): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-020-00859-0.

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28

SoltanRezaee, Masoud, Mohammad-Reza Ghazavi, Asghar Najafi, and Sasan Rahmanian. "Stability of a multi-body driveshaft system excited through U-joints." Meccanica 53, no. 4-5 (November 1, 2017): 1167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-017-0784-0.

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29

Lee, C. H. "Development of a semi-empirical friction model in automotive driveshaft joints." International Journal of Automotive Technology 9, no. 3 (June 2008): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-008-0038-1.

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30

ŞEN, Onur, and Enver ATİK. "Analytical investigation of a new approach to calculation for effective length of the rolling element used in closed end needle roller bearings of driveshaft." European Mechanical Science 6, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26701/ems.970278.

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The presence of the oscillating motion in a mechanical system, is vital in terms of the service life. Because the machine elements are under effect of fatigue due to the oscillating motion. The service life of the bearings which are in the forefront among the machine elements subjected to oscillating motion, can be calculated via an equation that depends on several variables, one of which is basic dynamic load rating (C). In this context, basic dynamic load rating (C) is one of the most important factors on estimating the service life. One of where bearing applications used in, is universal joint of driveshaft. A bearing on a universal joint consists of needle roller elements having larger contact area compared to the ball elements. Universal joint bearing is mounted in a bore on a component called yoke part, and so yoke part supports the bearing. In the calculation of basic dynamic load rating for universal joint bearing, effective length of the rolling element is the key factor. In this paper, a new approach to determine the effective length of rolling element used in closed end needle roller bearings of driveshaft has been investigated analytically and the effect of the said approach on the basic dynamic load rating and bearing life has been revealed in terms of ISO 281.

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31

Gordeev, B. A., S. N. Okhulkov, A. S. Plekhov, and A. E. Shokhin. "Torque on a Shaft Connected to the Driveshaft by a Magnetorheological Coupling." Russian Engineering Research 38, no. 12 (December 2018): 962–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x18120377.

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32

Manjunath, K., and T. Rangaswamy. "Ply stacking sequence optimization of composite driveshaft using particle swarm optimization algorithm." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 5 (2014): A16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2013001.

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In this paper an attempt has been made to optimize ply stacking sequence of single piece E-Glass/Epoxy, HM Carbon/Epoxy and Boron/Epoxy composite drive shafts using particle swarm optimization (PSOA). PSOA programme is developed using MATLAB V 7 to optimize the ply stacking sequence with an objective of weight minimization. The weight savings of the E-Glass/Epoxy, HM Carbon/Epoxy and Boron/Epoxy shaft are 51%, 87% and 85% of the steel shaft respectively. The optimum results of PSOA obtained are compared with results of genetic algorithm (GA) and found that PSOA yields better results than GA.

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33

Zhu, Xiaoyuan, Fei Meng, Hui Zhang, and Yanmei Cui. "Robust driveshaft torque observer design for stepped ratio transmission in electric vehicles." Neurocomputing 164 (September 2015): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.02.062.

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34

Gong, Linhui, Xuhao Gao, Heng Yang, Yinghua Liu, and Xuefeng Yao. "Design on the driveshaft of 3D 4-Directional carbon fiber braided composites." Composite Structures 203 (November 2018): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.06.103.

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35

Almuslmani, Majed, and Rajamohan Ganesan. "Vibration of tapered composite driveshaft based on the hierarchical finite element analysis." Composite Structures 209 (February 2019): 905–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.10.053.

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36

SUGIYAMA, Toyoki, Takashi OONO, Nobuo KOMEYAMA, and Kengo MORIMOTO. "109 Development of Damage Diagnostic System for Steel Mill Driveshaft Large Bearings." Proceedings of the Symposium on Evaluation and Diagnosis 2008.7 (2008): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmesed.2008.7.44.

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37

Shan, Y., and C. E. Bakis. "Viscoelastic Characterization and Self-Heating Behavior of a Flexible Matrix Composite Driveshaft." Journal of Composite Materials 43, no. 12 (May 27, 2009): 1335–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998308105431.

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38

López Galdo, Antía, Alejandro Guerrero-López, Pablo M. Olmos, and María Jesús Gómez García. "Detecting train driveshaft damages using accelerometer signals and Differential Convolutional Neural Networks." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 126 (November 2023): 106840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2023.106840.

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39

Zou, Chang Ping. "Torsional Rigidity of the Advanced Actuator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2416.

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System torsional rigidity is an important design index, having important influence on operating performance of the advanced actuator; therefore, this paper emphasizes the study on calculation of system torsional rigidity. This paper firstly introduces working principle and structural features of the novel ball screw transmission. Then uses commercial CAD and FEM softwares, SolidWorks and Cosmos/Works, fulfils deformation analytical computation for such three key parts as driveshaft, fixed guiding sleeve and straight-rotary sleeve. Next, sum up each term of torsional rigidity. Finally, makes a conclusion that the system torsional rigidity of the advanced actuator satisfies the designing demand.

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40

Park, Sang-Yun, Kuk-Hyun Han, and Ohseop Song. "Design of Torsional Viscous Damper of Engine-driveshaft System with Time-varying Inertia." Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5050/ksnve.2017.27.5.593.

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41

Satonobu, Jun, Kentaro Nakamura, and Sadayuki Ueha. "Torque accumulation for hybrid transducer ultrasonic motors using a coaxial driveshaft connection mechanism." Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan (E) 19, no. 1 (1998): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.19.39.

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42

NISHIDA, Shingo, Hideo UTSUNO, Hiroshi MATSUHISA, Keisuke YAMADA, and Katsutoshi SAWADA. "505 Torsional Vibration Reduction of a Driveshaft by using Magnetic Nonlinear Restoring Force." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2009.84 (2009): _5–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2009.84._5-5_.

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43

Cohen, Eli J., Josie L. Ferreira, Mark S. Ladinsky, Morgan Beeby, and Kelly T. Hughes. "Nanoscale-length control of the flagellar driveshaft requires hitting the tethered outer membrane." Science 356, no. 6334 (April 13, 2017): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aam6512.

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44

Gnanakumarr, M., S. Theodossiades, H. Rahnejat, and M. Menday. "Impact-induced vibration in vehicular driveline systems: Theoretical and experimental investigations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 219, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146441905x10023.

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The paper investigates the conditions leading to the emergence and persistence of an acute metallic noise in light-truck drivelines. Sudden demands in torque in the presence of lash zones give rise to this phenomenon, which is onomatopoeically referred to as clonk. The study of clonk requires combined rigid multi-body dynamics and flexible body oscillations. The results show high-frequency contributions in the driveline vibrational response of certain structural modes of the driveshaft pieces, which are induced by remote impact of meshing transmission teeth through backlash. The numerically predicted spectrum of vibration shows good correlation with experimental measurements of radiated noise from a dynamic drivetrain rig.

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45

Bugaru, Mihai, and Ovidiu Vasile. "Modeling and Analysis of FBV Movements for Automotive Driveshafts in the PPR Region." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073237.

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This research’s goal is to model and analyze the forced bending vibrating (FBV) movements for the elements of an automotive driveshaft using a perturbation technique, the asymptotic method approach (AMA), in the region of principal parametric resonance (PPR). The PPR region was chosen because the principal parametric resonance region is one of the essential resonance regions. The model of FBV movements for the automotive driveshaft (AD) considers the aspects of the following phenomena: geometric nonuniformity of the AD elements and shock excitation due to the road. To overcome the equations for the FBV movements of the AD elements, all inertia characteristics were reduced to the longitudinal ax of the midshaft using the variation of the geometric moments of inertia with the concurrent axis and Stener’s theorem. The midshaft of the AD was considered a Timoshenko simply supported beam with a concentrated mass at both ends and springs and dampers for linear and rotational movements at both ends. To determine the equations describing the FBV movements of the AD elements, Hamilton’s principle was used. After establishing the equations of motion for each AD element coupled with the specific boundary conditions, the amplitude and the phase angle were computed for stationary and nonstationary motion in the PPR region using the first order of the AMA, and the dynamic instability frontiers were determined based on the same equations. The dynamic behavior of the AD was investigated concerning the variation of the damping ratio and the variation of the parametric excitation coefficient. The AMA coupled with the model of FBV movements for the AD exhibits the future research directions for analyzing FBV movements for the AD in the regions of superharmonic resonances, subharmonic resonances, combination resonances, internal resonances, and simultaneous resonances. Additionally, the AMA can predict the endurance of the AD and design control of car damping systems.

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Kaneko, Umihiko, Yoshifumi Kashima, Takuro Sugie, Daitaro Kanno, and Tsutomu Fujita. "Rotablator Driveshaft Fracture Due to Significant Proximal Tortuosity and Enlargement Causing Massive Coronary Perforation." Korean Circulation Journal 50, no. 11 (2020): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2020.0136.

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47

Yoshida, Katsutoshi, Hideki Takamatsu, and Shigeki Matsumoto. "Nonlinear identification of torsional driveshaft vibrations in a full-scale automotive vehicle during acceleration." Nonlinear Dynamics 86, no. 1 (June 27, 2016): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-016-2917-8.

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48

Sim, Ki-Joong, Hong-Ju Moon, and Namjin Jeon. "A Study on the Development of the Driveshaft for a 3.5-Ton Commercial Vehicle." Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2018.17.2.153.

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49

Henry, Todd C., Charles E. Bakis, Simon W. Miller, and Edward C. Smith. "Multi-objective optimal design of composite rotorcraft driveshaft including strain rate and temperature effects." Composite Structures 128 (September 2015): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.03.029.

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50

Xie, Run, Ji Fei Cai, and Jia Cong Chen. "Optimization Design of Feeding Unit of the Forward Type Flute Laminating Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (February 2013): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.106.

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For paper forward unit of the current forward type flute laminating machine, the contact surface of the paper forward unit may damage paper during high speed paper forwarding. In view of this phenomenon, a solution is proposed through the study on the feeding unit of the flute laminating machine. In this paper, the corresponding sprocket driveshaft is controlled by a servo motor to slowly forward paper at the beginning and accelerate its forwarding speed gradually, until the entire feeding process is completed. In this way, the problem of paper pile-up and damages during the paper forwarding process can be solved, while matching backing paper feeding, so as to improve the feeding accuracy of the full-automatic flute laminating machine and hence its laminating accuracy.

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