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Journal articles on the topic 'Drivetrain Modeling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Rumetshofer, Johannes, Michael Stolz, Markus Bachinger, and Martin Horn. "A Generic and Modular Modeling Approach for Automotive Drivetrains Using a Coordinate Partitioning Method." MATEC Web of Conferences 220 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822002002.

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Drivetrain models play an important role in state-of-the-art automotive drivetrain and control concept development. Based on a proposed set of elementary drivetrain components, this article contributes a generic straightforward approach to compute state-space models for various geared drivetrain layouts, including complex hybrid multi-mode transmissions. The modular approach follows Lagrange formalism: The free motion of rigid shafts is subsequently constrained, considering connecting elements like spur and planetary gear sets. The generalized coordinates are determined by a coordinate partitioning method, ensuring a physically reasonable coordinate system. The proposed approach features high potential for automation. This enables drivetrain modeling by non-experts in the field of mechanical engineering.

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Moghadam, Farid K., Geraldo F. de S. Rebouças, and Amir R. Nejad. "Digital twin modeling for predictive maintenance of gearboxes in floating offshore wind turbine drivetrains." Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 85, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-021-00468-9.

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AbstractThis paper presents a multi-degree of freedom torsional model of drivetrain system as the digital twin model for monitoring the remaining useful lifetime of the drivetrain components. An algorithm is proposed for the model identification, which receives the torsional response and estimated values of rotor and generator torques, and calculates the drivetrain dynamic properties, e.g. eigenvalues, and torsional model parameters. The applications of this model in prediction of gearbox remaining useful lifetime is discussed. The proposed method is computationally fast, and can be implemented by integrating with the current turbine control and monitoring system without a need for a new system and sensors installation. A test case, using 5 MW reference drivetrain, has been demonstrated.

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3

Lee, Hyeongill, Youkyung Han, and Byeongil Kim. "Attenuation of Torsional Vibration in the Drivetrain of a Wind Turbine using a Centrifugal Pendulum Absorber." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2449.

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The drivetrain of wind turbines consists of many complicated rotary elements such as planetary gear, parallel gear train, bearing etc. The drivetrain of the wind turbine are studied with many different modeling techniques in several works. However, the things come to complicated when considering a complete drivetrain of a wind turbine. In this study, the transfer matrix method will be utilized to analyze the torsional vibration of a sample wind turbine drivetrain. Each element in the drivetain of the sample wind turbine is modeled with a specific transfer matrix and the matrix for the whole drivetrain is derived by serial multiplications of individual matrices. Dynamic characteristics of the drivetrain are investigated with derived matrix. Then, the application of a centrifugal pendulum absorber(CPA) to the drivetrain to attenuate the torsional vibration in the system is studied. The transfer matrix for the CPA introduced in the previous study is used to determine the optimal configuration and location of the CPA. The CPA shows good performance on the torsion vibration reduction for the drivetrain of the sample wind turbine.

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4

Diachuk, Maksym, Said M. Easa, Udai Hassein, and Daniel Shihundu. "Modeling Passing Maneuver Based on Vehicle Characteristics for In-Vehicle Collision Warning Systems on Two-Lane Highways." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 9 (May 4, 2019): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119844245.

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Modern vehicles are equipped with various sensors of high accuracy and sensitivity, based on which it is possible to implement passing collision warning systems (PCWS) for two-lane highways. In previous systems, the time required to complete the passing maneuver safely was formulated based on pre-established regression models. In this paper, this time is formulated based on actual vehicle characteristics. The new vehicle dynamics model for the PCWS prototype includes steering control and drivetrain models, and allows more accurate prediction of the required passing time. The geometry of the passing maneuver (for the case of an impeding truck), the main phases of the passing process, and the distances related to the conditions for predicting passing time are described. The interactions between the PCWS and driver actions are formulated. The steering control model is based on a two-dimensional perspective representation of the three-dimensional reality perceived by the driver. The drivetrain model, including inertial and mechanical losses in the drivetrain, considers automatic gear shift and the presence of a torque converter to simulate vehicle performance accurately. The proposed PCWS was tested using MATLAB Simulink.

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5

van Harselaar, Wilco, Theo Hofman, and Markus Brouwer. "Automated Dynamic Modeling of Arbitrary Hybrid and Electric Drivetrain Topologies." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, no. 8 (August 2018): 6921–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2834537.

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6

Shenglin, Zhang, Zhu Caichao, Song Chaosheng, Tan Jianjun, and Chen Xu. "Natural characteristic analysis of wind turbine drivetrain considering flexible supporting." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 5 (February 7, 2017): 842–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217692006.

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The mechanical system of wind turbine is much complicated and can be divided into the drivetrain and supporting portions. The drivetrain consists of wheel, main shaft, gearbox, generator, etc. and the supporting portion mainly consists of a tower and a cabin. In order to reduce the unit cost of electricity, the capacity and size of wind turbine are increased gradually in the past years. Meanwhile, with the increase of the wind turbine height, the tower actually becomes more flexible as the supporting part. And the influence of the supporting tower flexibility becomes stronger due to the varying wind loads both in magnitude and direction. Using the rigid–flexible coupling multibody dynamic theory, the coupled dynamic model of the wind turbine drive train was developed considering the flexible supporting. Then the natural characteristics of the system were computed and investigated. For the dynamic modeling, the blades, the tower and main shaft were modeled as flexible bodies, while the other components, such as the hub and the gearbox, were modeled as rigid bodies. The potential resonance frequencies of the system were discussed through the Campbell diagram and the modal energy distribution analysis. The results show that the natural frequency of swing mode shapes for the tower was 0.399 Hz and 0.405 Hz. The first natural frequency of drivetrain, which represented a torsional vibration mode, was 1.64 Hz. From the Campbell diagram and the modal energy distribution analysis, resonances would not occur within the normal operating speed range for the drivetrain. And a comparison analysis indicated that the flexible supports would increase the bearing loads along axial direction and radial direction, especially in main shaft and torque arm, but that influence was not obvious at parallel stage. However, to some extent, the flexible supports can decrease the loads fluctuation of drivetrain. Finally, the online vibration experiments were carried out in the wind field. The vibration characteristics of the wind turbine drivetrain were analyzed and the experimental results also compared well with the theoretical dynamic results.

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7

Tan, Jianjun, Caichao Zhu, Chaosheng Song, Yao Li, and Xiangyang Xu. "Dynamic modeling and analysis of wind turbine drivetrain considering platform motion." Mechanism and Machine Theory 140 (October 2019): 781–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2019.06.026.

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8

Sokolov-Dobrev, N. S., M. V. Ljashenko, V. V. Shekhovtsov, and P. V. Potapov. "Research of dynamic loading in a drivetrain by means of mathematical modeling." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 177 (February 2017): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/177/1/012092.

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9

Moulik, B., and D. Söffker. "Modeling, Control, and Powermanagement Optimization for an Emulated Multi-Source Hybrid Drivetrain." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 1 (2015): 657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.05.026.

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10

HE, Yulin. "Flexible Multibody Dynamics Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Large-scale Wind Turbine Drivetrain." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 50, no. 1 (2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2014.01.061.

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11

Girsang, Irving P., Jaspreet S. Dhupia, Eduard Muljadi, Mohit Singh, and Jason Jonkman. "Modeling and Control to Mitigate Resonant Load in Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Drivetrain." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 1, no. 4 (December 2013): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2013.2284096.

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12

Hegazy, Omar, Ricardo Barrero, Peter Van den Bossche, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Jelle Smekens, Joeri Van Mierlo, Wouter Vriens, and Bruno Bogaerts. "Modeling, analysis and feasibility study of new drivetrain architectures for off-highway vehicles." Energy 109 (August 2016): 1056–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.001.

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13

Mihon, Liviu, Arina Negoitescu, Adriana Tokar, and Daniel Ostoia. "Modeling and Diagnosis of a Powertrain through Specific Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (January 2016): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.252.

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The paper presents a control algorithm for an internal combustion engine for a conventional vehicle in order to improve the comfort and driveability. Quick engine torque variations and direct interaction with the road produce driveline resonance frequency and oscillations, especially when the vehicle is used at full load. The processes from the combustion chamber engage different elements, involved in chemical reaction between air and fuel. The Matlab/Simulink software allows to optimize a few parameters involved in engine performances evolution. The injection time, the moment of injection, the load and the speed of the engine and whole electronic engine management guarantee a smooth regime of the engine and of the vehicle and reduce the noise and the pollutants and avoid supplementary stresses and dangereous oscillations of the drivetrain components of a vehicle.

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14

Shi, Wei, Chang-Wan Kim, Chin-Wha Chung, and Hyun-Chul Park. "Dynamic modeling and analysis of a wind turbine drivetrain using the torsional dynamic model." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 14, no. 1 (December 29, 2012): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-013-0021-2.

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15

Kim, Ho-Gi, Joong-Seok Oh, and Sam-Kyun Kim. "Modeling of the Mechanical Drivetrain of an Electric Vehicle for Investigation of Torsional Oscillation Characteristics." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 32, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2008.32.10.866.

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16

Tan, Jianjun, Caichao Zhu, Chaosheng Song, and Xiangyang Xu. "Study on the dynamic modeling and natural characteristics of wind turbine drivetrain considering electromagnetic stiffness." Mechanism and Machine Theory 134 (April 2019): 541–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2019.01.015.

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17

Li, Zhanwei, Binrong Wen, Zhike Peng, Xingjian Dong, and Yegao Qu. "Dynamic modeling and analysis of wind turbine drivetrain considering the effects of non-torque loads." Applied Mathematical Modelling 83 (July 2020): 146–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2020.02.018.

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18

Franck, Marius, Jan Philipp Rickwärtz, Daniel Butterweck, Martin Nell, and Kay Hameyer. "Transient System Model for the Analysis of Structural Dynamic Interactions of Electric Drivetrains." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041108.

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In electric drivetrains, the traction machines are often coupled to a gear transmission. For the noise and vibration analysis of such systems, linearised system models in the frequency domain are commonly used. In this paper, a system approach in the time domain is introduced, which gives the advantage of analysing the transient behaviour of an electric drivetrain. The focus in this paper is on the dynamic gear model. Finally, the modelling approach is applied to an exemplary drivetrain, and the results are discussed.

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19

Liu, Mengnan, Liyou Xu, and Zhili Zhou. "Design of a Load Torque Based Control Strategy for Improving Electric Tractor Motor Energy Conversion Efficiency." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2548967.

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In order to improve the electrical conversion efficiency of an electric tractor motor, a load torque based control strategy (LTCS) is designed in this paper by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). By mathematically modeling electric-mechanical performance and theoretical energy waste of the electric motor, as well as the transmission characteristics of the drivetrain, the objective function, control relationship, and analytical platform are established. Torque and rotation speed of the motor’s output shaft are defined as manipulated variables. LTCS searches the working points corresponding to the best energy conversion efficiency via PSO to control the running status of the electric motor and uses logic and fuzzy rules to fit the search initialization for load torque fluctuation. After using different plowing forces to imitate all the common tillage forces, the simulation of traction experiment is conducted, which proves that LTCS can make the tractor use electrical power efficiently and maintain agricultural applicability on farmland conditions. It provides a novel method of fabricating a more efficient electric motor used in the traction of an off-road vehicle.

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20

Mason, B. A., M. Ebrahimi, and M. Farid. "Reconfigurable modelling for drivetrain real-time simulation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 223, no. 4 (July 9, 2009): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14644193jmbd191.

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21

Rizzoni, G., L. Guzzella, and B. M. Baumann. "Unified modeling of hybrid electric vehicle drivetrains." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 4, no. 3 (1999): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3516.789683.

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22

Bielecki, Andrzej, Tomasz Barszcz, and Mateusz Wójcik. "Modelling of a chaotic load of wind turbines drivetrain." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 54-55 (March 2015): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2014.05.035.

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23

Bachinger, Markus, Michael Stolz, and Martin Horn. "A novel drivetrain modelling approach for real-time simulation." Mechatronics 32 (December 2015): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2015.10.006.

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24

Rebouças, Geraldo F. de S., and Amir R. Nejad. "On Down-Scaled Modelling of Wind Turbine Drivetrains." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1618 (September 2020): 052008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/5/052008.

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25

Alajmi, Hadyan Ali, and Ahmad Abdullah Alhumaidah. "Design, Modelling and Analysing of a Vehicle Drivetrain using SimDriveline." Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 7, no. 3 (2018): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajase.v7i3.235.

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26

Ebrahimi, M. "Machine tool drivetrain modelling using computer-aided control system design." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 13, no. 3/4/5 (2000): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2000.000242.

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27

Xing, Y., M. Karimirad, and T. Moan. "Modelling and analysis of floating spar-type wind turbine drivetrain." Wind Energy 17, no. 4 (February 6, 2013): 565–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1590.

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28

Frei, Stephan, Joachim Haase, Ewald Hessel, and Frank Kremer. "EMC behaviour modelling and simulation of components of the electric drivetrain." ATZelektronik worldwide 8, no. 2 (March 2013): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s38314-013-0163-0.

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29

Raj, Levente, and András Czmerk. "Modelling and simulation of the drivetrain of an omnidirectional mobile robot." Automatika 58, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2017.1391612.

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30

Liu, Qiaobin, Wenku Shi, and Zhiyong Chen. "Identification of firefly algorithm-based fluctuation coefficient of the exciting torque for vehicle driveline." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 233, no. 2 (October 26, 2018): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419318808172.

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The unbalanced excitation force and torque generated by an engine that resonate with the natural frequency of drivetrain often causes vibration and noise problems in vehicles. This study aims to comprehensively employ theoretical modelling and experimental identification methods to obtain the fluctuation coefficients of engine excitation torque when a car is in different gear positions. The inherent characteristics of the system are studied on the basis of the four-degree-of-freedom driveline lumped mass model and the longitudinal dynamics model of vehicle. The correctness of the model is verified by torsional vibration test. The second order's engine torque fluctuation coefficients are identified by firefly algorithm according to the curves of flywheel speed in different gears under the acceleration condition of the whole open throttle. The torque obtained by parameter identification is applied to the model, and the torsional vibration response of the system is analysed. The influence of the key parameters on the torsional vibration response of the system is investigated. The study concludes that proper reduction of clutch stiffness can increase clutch damping and half-axle rigidity, which can help improve the torsional vibration performance of the system. This study can provide reference for vehicle drivetrain modelling and torsional vibration control.

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31

Economou, John T., Thierry-Marie Guerra, Antonios Tsourdos, and Brian White. "Computational intelligence for modelling and control of advanced automotive drivetrains." International Journal of Systems Science 42, no. 2 (November 19, 2010): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2010.515664.

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32

Milićević, Stefan, and Slavko Muždeka. "Modelling and performance analysis of the BVP M-80A hybrid drive." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 69, no. 1 (2021): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg69-28232.

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Introduction: Hybrid technology has been successfully incorporated into the industry of passenger and commercial vehicles. Driven by the success and benefits that hybrid technology brings, many defense organizations around the world invest in the development of hybrid technology for combat vehicles and develop prototypes of tracked combat vehicles which have lower fuel consumption, better performance, better exhaust emission, and additional onboard electric power. However, various technical challenges must be resolved before it comes to the introduction of hybrid tracked combat vehicles in operational use. Several successful tests of prototypes have been conducted so far, but there are still restrictions on key technologies such as electric motors, electronics, and storage of electricity. In such conditions, where finance is limited, mistakes cannot be allowed nor spending a lot of resources on planning, building prototypes, and testing. Method: Therefore, it is clever to run the simulation software with which it is possible to examine various parameters in simulated conditions which more or less mimic real operating conditions. This paper aims to show one of possible solutions concerning the selection of appropriate technologies of hybrid drive, to propose a system solution for a hybrid BVP M80A, and to display a simulation hybrid drive model and the results obtained from the model devised in Simulink. Results: The results obtained by the simulation show that the proposed hybrid drive solution provides better performance while retaining key drivetrain elements of the vehicle. Conclusion: Only turning parameters are considered during the simulation but it is clear that the hybrid drivertrain has advantages related to straightline motion as well. Also, sound projections about the drivetrain performance and control can be made with the use of the proposed model.

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33

Hofman, Theo, Maarten Steinbuch, Roëll van Druten, and Alex Serrarens. "Parametric Modeling of Components for Selection and Specification of Hybrid Vehicle Drivetrains." World Electric Vehicle Journal 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2007): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj1010215.

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34

Virlez, Geoffrey, Olivier Brüls, Pierre Duysinx, Michel Géradin, and Alberto Cardona. "Unilateral contact condition enhanced with squeeze film modelling in automotive differentials." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 7-8 (March 14, 2016): 1243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216638883.

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The dynamic behaviour of automotive drivetrains is significantly influenced by contacts occurring between the various parts. In this paper, a three-dimensional formulation is proposed to model unilateral and frictional contact conditions between two rigid planar rings. The magnitude of the contact force is determined by a penalty method. In a second step, a simple squeeze film model is developed to account for the damping effect produced by the lubricating oil filling the gap between the two contacting bodies. The relevance and the accuracy of these models are illustrated through the global multibody modelling of a TORSEN differential.

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35

Sivkov, Oleg, Jaroslav Novak, Lubomir Musalek, Josef Morkus, and Martin Novak. "Drivetrain modelling and parameter calculation for an electric bus with fixed or 2-speed gearbox." International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles 12, no. 3 (2020): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijehv.2020.10032408.

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36

Novak, Martin, Jaroslav Novak, Josef Morkus, Lubomir Musalek, and Oleg Sivkov. "Drivetrain modelling and parameter calculation for an electric bus with fixed or 2-speed gearbox." International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles 12, no. 3 (2020): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijehv.2020.110088.

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37

Moreno, R. Felix, JT Economou, D. Bray, and K. Knowles. "Modelling and simulation of a fuel cell powered electric drivetrain for wide body passenger aircraft." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 227, no. 4 (February 2013): 608–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410012473389.

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38

Wang, Shuaishuai, Amir R. Nejad, and Torgeir Moan. "On Initial Design and Modelling of a 10 MW Medium Speed Drivetrain for Offshore Wind Turbines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1356 (October 2019): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1356/1/012024.

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39

Wang, Shuaishuai, Amir R. Nejad, and Torgeir Moan. "On design, modelling, and analysis of a 10‐MW medium‐speed drivetrain for offshore wind turbines." Wind Energy 23, no. 4 (April 2020): 1099–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.2476.

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40

Wang, Shuaishuai, Amir R. Nejad, and Torgeir Moan. "On design, modelling, and analysis of a 10‐MW medium‐speed drivetrain for offshore wind turbines." Wind Energy 24, no. 1 (November 15, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.2593.

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41

Zöldy, Máté, and Imre Zsombók. "Modelling fuel consumption and refuelling of autonomous vehicles." MATEC Web of Conferences 235 (2018): 00037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823500037.

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In our research we highlighted the problematic of the refuelling of autonomous vehicles. During the way to be full autonomous, the vehicles take over more and more driving function from the driver. It is lot of focus on automotive cyber security or trajectory following, but refuelling is not in the main researches. After reviewing the vehicle drivetrains, it was specified which to focus for further testing. In the second part of the article the main influencers of fuel consumption was listed based on a literature overview. Main aspects of the carried out test is listed and results helped us to refine the research direction. For modelling the refuelling of the vehicle it is an enabler to set realistic models for fuel consumption. Relevant researches were studied and these was extended with overview of refuelling studies. Based on these the main direction of our research was set.

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42

Yi, J., X.-L. Wang, Y.-J. Hu, and C.-G. Li. "Modelling and simulation of a fuzzy controller of automatic transmission of a tracked vehicle in complicated driving conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto335.

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Based on a human-vehicle-road closed-loop system of vehicle steering parameter, road surface status, and driver manipulating information, the primary principle of fuzzy intelligent shift control of a tracked vehicle is proposed and the simulation model of a drivetrain is established to adapt the automatic transmission to the complex driving conditions of a tracked vehicle. Using the fuzzy control theory, an intelligent fuzzy shift control system composed of a basic fuzzy shift strategy and a fuzzy modification module is developed to improve the dynamic characteristics and cross-country manoeuvrability. The simulation result shows that the fuzzy shift strategy can improve the shift quality of a tracked vehicle under manifold driving conditions and avoid shift cycling effectively, therefore proving that the intelligent fuzzy shift strategies are better.

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43

Golafshan, Reza, Georg Jacobs, Matthias Wegerhoff, Pascal Drichel, and Joerg Berroth. "Investigation on the Effects of Structural Dynamics on Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis by Means of Multibody Simulation." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2018 (2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5159189.

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The present study aims to combine the fields modal analysis and signal processing and to show the use of Frequency Response Function (FRF), as a vibration transfer path, in enhancing reliability and abilities of the next generation vibration-based rolling bearing condition monitoring (CM) systems in complex mechanical systems. In line with this purpose, the hereby-presented paper employs an appropriate numerical model, that is, Multibody Simulation (MBS) of a vehicle’s drivetrain as a manner for numerical modal and structural analyses. For this, first, the principles of vibration-based bearing fault detection are reviewed and presented. Following that, a summary of MBS modelling and validating strategies are given. Then, the validated MBS model is used as a case study for further investigations. The results can confirm existence of challenges in fault detection of rolling bearings, in particular in complex mechanical systems. In further discussions, the capability of FRFs in fault localization and determination of ideal sensor positions is discussed in some detail. Finally, concluding remarks and suggestions for future works are summarized.

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44

Babangida, Aminu, and Péter Tamás Szemes. "Electric Vehicle Modelling and Simulation of a Light Commercial Vehicle Using PMSM Propulsion." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 49, no. 1 (September 21, 2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33927/hjic-2021-06.

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Even though the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) used in conventional vehicles is one of the major causes of global warming and air pollution, the emission of toxic gases is also harmful to living organisms. Electric propulsion has been developed in modern electric vehicles to replace the ICE.The aim of this research is to use both the Simulink and Simscape toolboxes in MATLAB to model the dynamics of a light commercial vehicle powered by electric propulsion. This research focuses on a Volkswagen Crafter with a diesel propulsion engine manufactured in 2020. A rear-wheel driven electric powertrain based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor was designed to replace its front-wheel driven diesel engine in an urban environment at low average speeds.In this research, a Nissan Leaf battery with a nominal voltage of 360 V and a capacity of 24 kWh was modelled to serve as the energy source of the electric drivetrain. The New European Driving Cycle was used in this research to evaluate the electric propulsion. Another test input such as a speed ramp was also used to test the vehicle under different road conditions. A Proportional Integral controller was applied to control the speed of both the vehicle and synchronous motor. Different driving cycles were used to test the vehicle. The vehicle demonstrated a good tracking capability in each type of test. In addition, this research determined that the fuel economy of electric vehicles is approximately 19% better than that of conventional vehicles.

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Golnary, Farshad, and Hamed Moradi. "Identification of the dynamics of the drivetrain and estimating its unknown parts in a large scale wind turbine." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 192 (February 2022): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2021.08.012.

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Wróblewski, Piotr, Jerzy Kupiec, Wojciech Drożdż, Wojciech Lewicki, and Jarosław Jaworski. "The Economic Aspect of Using Different Plug-in Hybrid Driving Techniques in Urban Conditions." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 3543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123543.

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Plug-in hybrids (PHEV) have become popular due to zero-emission driving, e.g., in urban areas, and using an internal combustion engine on longer distances. Energy consumption by the PHEV depends on many factors which can be either dependent or independent of the driver. The article examines how the driver can use the vehicle’s capabilities to influence its wear. Determining the optimal driving technique, due to the adopted nature of the timetable, is the basic variable that determines the profitability of using a given drive system. Four driving techniques have been selected to determine which one can offer the largest advantages. A vehicle-dedicated application has recorded the drivetrain performance on a predetermined route through an urban area. The analysis of results has demonstrated which of the driving techniques provides measurable effects in terms of reduced energy consumption and the shortest travelling time. The study shows longitudinal acceleration and torque generated by the electric drive. The information included in the study can help any PHEV user reduce the operating cost by applying an appropriate driving technique. The proposed research introduces the possibilities of assessing the influence of the driving style on energy consumption. The innovative side of this research is the observation of stochastic phenomena that are difficult to detect when using approximation modelling.

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Vafaeipour, Majid, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Florian Verbelen, Peter Sergeant, Joeri Van Mierlo, and Omar Hegazy. "Experimental Implementation of Power-Split Control Strategies in a Versatile Hardware-in-the-Loop Laboratory Test Bench for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Equipped with Electrical Variable Transmission." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 21, 2020): 4253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124253.

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The energy management strategy (EMS) or power management strategy (PMS) unit is the core of power sharing control in the hybridization of automotive drivetrains in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Once a new topology and its corresponding EMS are virtually designed, they require undertaking different stages of experimental verifications toward guaranteeing their real-world applicability. The present paper focuses on a new and less-extensively studied topology of such vehicles, HEVs equipped with an electrical variable transmission (EVT) and assessed the controllability validation through hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) implementations versus model-in-the-loop (MiL) simulations. To this end, first, the corresponding modeling of the vehicle components in the presence of optimized control strategies were performed to obtain the MiL simulation results. Subsequently, an innovative versatile HiL test bench including real prototyped components of the topology was introduced and the corresponding experimental implementations were performed. The results obtained from the MiL and HiL examinations were analyzed and statistically compared for a full input driving cycle. The verification results indicate robust and accurate actuation of the components using the applied EMSs under real-time test conditions.

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Mohamed, Ahmed Ali A. "On the Rising Interdependency between the Power Grid, ICT Network, and E-Mobility: Modeling and Analysis." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101874.

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Boosting critical infrastructures’ (CIs) preparedness to threats, including natural disasters and manmade attacks, is a global imperative. The intrinsic dependencies and interdependencies between CIs hinder their resiliency. Moreover, the evolution of CIs is, in many cases, en routè to tighten those interdependencies. The goal of this paper is to uncover and analyze the rising interdependency between the electric power grid, information and communication technology (ICT) networks, and transportation systems that are heavily reliant on electric-power drivetrains, collectively referred to hereafter as electro-mobility (e-mobility). E-mobility includes electric vehicles (EVs) and electric railway systems. A new influence graph-based model is introduced, as a promising approach to model operational interdependencies between CIs. Each of the links of the influence graph represents the probability of failure of the sink node following a failure of the source node. A futuristic scenario has been analyzed assuming increased dependency of the power grid on ICT for monitoring and control, and high penetration levels of EVs and distributed energy resources (DERs) in an urban region. Inspecting the influence graph shows that the impact of interdependency between the power grid, the ICT network, and the transportation network, for the case study analyzed in this paper, does not lead to failures during normal operation with proper design; however, it is severe during emergency conditions since it leads to failure propagation among the three CIs. This paper sets the stage for more research on this topic, and calls for more attention to interdependency analysis.

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Cardaun, Martin, Ralf Schelenz, Georg Jacobs, and Tobias Duda. "Calculation of structure-borne sound in a direct drive wind turbine." Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 85, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-021-00443-4.

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AbstractIn this publication, the methods will be presented that are deployed to formulate a multi-physical system model of a direct drive wind turbine in order to calculate structure borne sound. The model includes excitation effect as well as sound radiating behaviour. The mechanical structure as a medium partner between excitation and radiation will be formulated through a multi-body simulation model in the time domain. In the multi-body simulation model, all relevant drivetrain components are considered with their structural eigenmodes in the frequency range of interest. The electromagnetic forces of the multi-pole ring generator are calculated and introduced into the mechanical structure at each stator tooth, rotor pole and various axial positions individually. Similarly, the modelling of the bearings is investigated for a range of available methods. Sound emission is evaluated at the large outer surface structures like tower, blades and nacelle cover. To minimize computational effort, the surface accelerations are not calculated for each surface node, instead a modal approach is used. Through a combination of mode shapes with mode participation factors of the respective structures, the surface accelerations can be regained during a post-processing step. Those results are used as input for airborne sound calculations. Nevertheless, the high number of modal and spatial degrees of freedom results in high computing costs.

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Chakraborty, Sajib, Mikel Mazuela, Dai-Duong Tran, Javier A. Corea-Araujo, Yuanfeng Lan, Argine Alacano Loiti, Patrice Garmier, Iosu Aizpuru, and Omar Hegazy. "Scalable Modeling Approach and Robust Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of an Optimized Interleaved Bidirectional HV DC/DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Drivetrains." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 115515–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3004238.

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