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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Driving range'
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1
Hillgren, Patrik. "Geometric Scene Labeling for Long-Range Obstacle Detection." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorseende, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-113126.
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Autonomous Driving or self driving vehicles are concepts of vehicles knowing their environment and making driving manoeuvres without instructions from a driver. The concepts have been around for decades but has improved significantly in the last years since research in this area has made significant progress. Benefits of autonomous driving include the possibility to decrease the number of accidents in traffic and thereby saving lives. A major challenge in autonomous driving is to acquire 3D information and relations between all objects in surrounding traffic. This is referred to as \textit{spatial perception}. Stereo camera systems have become a central sensor module for advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous driving. For object detection and measurements at large distances stereo vision encounter difficulties. This includes objects being small, having low contrast and the presence of image noise. Having an accurate perception of the environment at large distances is however of high interest for many applications, especially autonomous driving. This thesis proposes a method which tries to increase the range to where generic objects are first detected using a given stereo camera setup. Objects are represented by planes in 3D space. The input image is segmented into the various objects and the 3D plane parameters are estimated jointly. The 3D plane parameters are estimated directly from the stereo image pairs. In particular, this thesis investigates methods to introduce geometric constraints to the segmentation or labeling task, i.e assigning each considered pixel in the image to a plane. The methods provided in this thesis show that despite the difficulties at large distances it is possible to exploit planar primitives in 3D space for obstacle detection at distances where other methods fail.En autonom bil innebär att bilen har en uppfattning om sin omgivning och kan utifran det ta beslut angående hur bilen ska manövreras. Konceptet med självkörande bilar har existerat i årtionden men har utvecklats snabbt senaste åren sedan billigare datorkraft finns lättare tillgänglig. Fördelar med autonomiska bilar innebär bland annat att antalet olyckor i trafiken minskas och därmed liv räddas. En av de största utmaningarna med autonoma bilar är att få 3D information och relationer mellan objekt som finns i den omgivande trafikmiljön. Detta kallas för spatial perception och innebär att detektera alla objekt och tilldela en korrekt postition till dem. Stereo kamerasystem har fått en central roll för avancerade förarsystem och autonoma bilar. För detektion av objekt på stora avstånd träffar stereo system på svårigheter. Detta inkluderar väldigt små objekt, låg kontrast och närvaron av brus i bilden. Att ha en ackurativ perception på stora avstånd är dock vitalt för många applikationer, inte minst autonoma bilar. Den här rapporten föreslar en metod som försöker öka avståndet till där objekt först upptäcks. Objekt representeras av plan i 3D rymden. Bilder givna från stereo par segmenteras i olika object och plan parametrar estimeras samtidigt. Planens parametrar estimeras direkt från stereo bild paren. Den här rapporten utreder metoder att introducera gemoetriska begränsningar att använda vid segmenteringsuppgiften. Metoderna som presenteras i denna rapport visar att trots den höga närvaron av brus på stora avstånd är det möjligt att estimera geometriska objekt som är starka nog att möjliggöra detektion av objekt på ett avstand där andra metoder misslyckas.
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Tieleman, Olivier. "Ultracold atoms in optical lattices with long-range interactions and periodic driving." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117025.
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This thesis contains theoretical research on ultracold quantum gases in spatially periodic potentials, featuring high-frequency periodic driving, long-range interactions, or both. The largest part features deep potentials where the behaviour of the gas is well-described by quantum lattice models. The periodic driving is then integrated out to obtain effective time-independent descriptions. One project investigates emergent long-range interactions in a stationary, weak, spatially periodic potential, where a lattice theory is not appropriate.In two short introductory chapters, the topics of ultracold atoms, optical lattice potentials, periodic driving, and long-range interactions, are sketched, without attempting to give a complete overview. Some experimentally relevant length and energy scales are given, but the main focus is on deriving and constructing theoretical descriptions of ultracold gases in various spatially and/or temporally periodic potentials.The first project presented, is focused on how the single-particle spectrum of a Bose gas in a non-separable two-dimensional square lattice is affected by high-frequency periodic driving; the most striking conclusion is that under suitable circumstances, it develops two inequivalent minima, leading to finite-momentum Bose-Einstein condensation. Perturbative calculations indicate that local interactions induce spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB) in such a system.The second project investigates the interplay between kinetic frustration and long-range interactions in fermionic gases. Both a mean-field approximation and exact diagonalisations predict that such a system, studied in the more specific realisation of a weakly interacting dipolar fermionic gas in a 2D triangular lattice, also leads to spontaneous TRSB. Furthermore, a density wave could form at quarter filling, where the Fermi surface is perfectly nested. Perhaps more interesting yet, a spatially inhomogeneous TRSB pattern is predicted, confined to the low-density sublattice that emerges in the density wave.The third project revolves around the question of supersolidity in the presence of a gauge field. Applying the Bogolyubov approximation to a variation of the extended Bose-Hubbard model, indicates that combining an artificial staggered magnetic field in a 2D square lattice with nearest-neighbour density-density interactions, not only leads to a supersolid with staggered vortices, but also induces an inhomogeneous distribution of the associated currents around the elementary plaquette.In the fourth project, a one-dimensional Bose gas with strong local interactions in a weak lattice at incommensurate densities is shown to feature excitations corresponding to excess or deficit particles. The excitations interact repulsively at long distances, in spite of the fact that the underlying atoms themselves do not. As a consequence, the incommensurability of the density with the lattice can drive a transition to a density wave and even a supersolid.The four above-mentioned research projects combine bosonic and fermionic gases, weak and strong interactions, perturbative and mean-field approximations, effective field theories and exact diagonalisations. The main overall conclusion is that long-range interactions and high-frequency periodic driving lead to a very diverse range of fascinating phenomena in ultracold lattice gases.
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Plötz, Patrick, Niklas Jakobsson, and Frances Sprei. "On the distribution of individual daily driving distances." Elsevier, 2017. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72184.
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Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the utility of PEVs, as well as reduction of emissions is highly dependent on daily vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT). Further, the daily VKT by individual passenger cars vary strongly between days. A common method to analyse individual daily VKT is to fit distribution functions and to further analyse these fits. However, several distributions for individual daily VKT have been discussed in the literature without conclusive decision on the best distribution. Here we analyse three two-parameter distribution functions for the variation in daily VKT with four sets of travel data covering a total of 190,000 driving days and 9.5 million VKT. Specifically, we look at overall performance of the distributions on the data using four goodness of fit measures, as well as the consequence of choosing one distribution over the others for two common PEV applications: the days requiring adaptation for battery electric vehicles and the utility factor for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. We find the Weibull distribution to fit most vehicles well but not all and at the same time yielding good predictions for PEV related attributes. Furthermore, the choice of distribution impacts PEV usage factors. Here, the Weibull distribution yields reliable estimates for electric vehicle applications whereas the log-normal distribution yields more conservative estimates for PEV usage factors. Our results help to guide the choice of distribution for a specific research question utilising driving data and provide a methodological advancement in the application of distribution functions to longitudinal driving data.
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Sandberg, Staffan. "How do battery electric vehicle drivers behave in a range critical situation in VR when using a "guess-o-meter" vs a novel range management tool?" Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281696.
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Battery electric vehicles are becoming more common but still fall behind combustion engine cars in terms of driving range and charging time. The displayed driving range in electric vehicles' dashboard can be a volatile parameter suddenly dropping by 10-20\%, for instance when speed is increased. Which can result in a condition referred to as range anxiety . Hence it is interesting to observe more in detail how drivers behave and think in scenarios where range is important and the cars' available range can change drastically depending on the drivers driving style. Such scenarios are problematic to test in real traffic for practical and ethical reasons. In this article, without putting anyone at risk, we present a study using a VR driving simulator in a critical scenario with a substantial risk of running out of battery. Two separate groups (N=10) each drove on the same test track using two different range displays. One group had a typical range display showing the distance left to empty (out of battery) and the other group a novel and more transparent display. The novel display shows how speed is affecting the range. Both displays allow the driver to set a target driving range. The results indicate that the novel display allows for a more agile and adaptive driving style by changing between specific speeds rather than searching and "guessing" which speed is the most optimal as with typical range displays. Although, it can hide other affecting factors, such as acceleration and road height. Which was more prevalent amongst drivers who had to search and guess.Batterielbilar blir allt vanligare men når inte riktigt upp till samma nivå som bilar med förbränningsmotorer när det handlar om räckvidd och laddtid. Den kvarstående körsträckan som visas i elbilars instrumentpanel kan vara en instabil variabel och plötsligt sjunka med 10-20%, när man till exempel ökar hastigheten. Vilket kan leda till ett tillstånd som kallas räckviddsångest . Därav intresset för att undersöka i detalj hur förare agerar och tänker i scenarier där räckvidd är extra viktigt och bilens kvarstående körsträcka kan ändras drastiskt beroende på körstil. Sådana scenarier är problematiska att testa ute i trafiken av både praktiska och etiska skäl. I denna artikel, utan att placera någon i en verklig riskfylld situation, presenterar vi en studie där en bilsimulator i VR används för att testa ett kritiskt scenario där risken för att strömmen tar slut är stor. Två separata grupper (N=10) körde samma sträcka fast med olika instrumentpaneler. Där den ena är mer konventionell och endast visar kvarstående körsträcka. Medan den andra är mer originell och visar hur hastighet påverkar kvarstående körsträcka. Båda instrumentpanelerna tillåter föraren att ställa in hur långt man vill köra. Resultaten indikerar på att den originella instrumentpanelen tillåter en mer agil och adaptiv körstil, genom att byta mellan specifika hastigheter istället för att leta och gissa vilken hastighet som är optimal, vilket skedde med den konventionella instrumentpanelen. Men den kan även dölja andra faktorer som påverkar körsträckan, såsom acceleration och höjdskillnader. Vilket användare av den originella instrumentbrädan noterade i större utsträckning.
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Zhang, Ao. "Object Detection from FMCW Radar Using Deep Learning." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42512.
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Sensors, as a crucial part of autonomous driving, are primarily used for perceiving the environment. The recent deep learning development of different sensors has demonstrated the ability of machines recognizing and understanding their surroundings.
Automotive radar, as a primary sensor for self-driving vehicles, is well-known for its robustness against variable lighting and weather conditions. Compared with camera-based deep learning development, Object detection using automotive radars has not
been explored to its full extent. This can be attributed to the lack of public radar datasets.
In this thesis, we collect a novel radar dataset that contains radar data in the form of
Range-Azimuth-Doppler tensors along with the bounding boxes on the tensor for dynamic road users, category labels, and 2D bounding boxes on the Cartesian Bird-EyeView range map. To build the dataset, we propose an instance-wise auto-annotation algorithm. Furthermore, a novel Range-Azimuth-Doppler based multi-class object detection deep learning model is proposed. The algorithm is a one-stage anchor-based detector that generates both 3D bounding boxes and 2D bounding boxes on Range-AzimuthDoppler and Cartesian domains, respectively. Our proposed algorithm achieves 56.3% AP with IOU of 0.3 on 3D bounding box predictions, and 51.6% with IOU of 0.5 on 2D bounding box predictions. Our dataset and the code can be found at https://github.com/ZhangAoCanada/RADDet.git.
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Myška, Miroslav. "Design robotického sběrače golfových míčků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231967.
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The main aim of this master's thesis is create golf ball picker with charging station. These two components create the system, which automates process of golf ball collection on driving range. The robot replaces human manual activity in this branch and it eliminates injury. On the other hand, robot respects functional, psychological, ecological and aesthetic demands. It demarcates standard principles of these days and new way how to collect balls on driving range.
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Oliva, Alonso Javier Antonio Verfasser], Torsten [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bertram, and Walter [Gutachter] Sextro. "Model-based prognostics for energy-constrained mobile systems operating in stochastic environments : Applied to the remaining driving range estimation of electric vehicles / Javier Antonio Oliva Alonso ; Gutachter: Walter Sextro ; Betreuer: Torsten Bertram." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136471634/34.
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Oliva, Alonso Javier Antonio [Verfasser], Torsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Bertram, and Walter [Gutachter] Sextro. "Model-based prognostics for energy-constrained mobile systems operating in stochastic environments : Applied to the remaining driving range estimation of electric vehicles / Javier Antonio Oliva Alonso ; Gutachter: Walter Sextro ; Betreuer: Torsten Bertram." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136471634/34.
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Dula, Chris S. "Validity and Reliability Assessment of a Dangerous Driving Self-Report Measure." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26606.
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The Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI) was created to measure drivers' self-reported propensity to drive dangerously (Dula & Ballard, in press). In the early stages of development, the DDDI and each of its subscales (Dangerous Driving Total, Aggressive Driving, Negative Emotional Driving, and Risky Driving) were found to have strong internal reliability (alphas from .83 to .92), and there was evidence of construct validity.
In Study One, the alpha coefficient of .91 for the DDDI Total scale indicated excellent internal reliability for the measure and good internal reliability was demonstrated for its subscales with coefficient alphas equal to .81 for the DDDI Risky Driving subscale, .79 for the DDDI Negative Emotional subscale, and the DDDI Aggressive Driving subscale. Additionally, convergent and divergent validity was shown for the DDDI, but evidence was weaker for the validity of the separate subscales. Factor analysis demonstrated that the DDDI seemed to measure a unitary construct.
In Study Two, coefficients of stability were generated from a four-week test-retest procedure, which were .76 for the DDDI Risky Driving subscale, .68 for the DDDI Negative Emotional subscale, .55 for the DDDI Aggressive Driving subscale, and .73 for the DDDI Total. In Study Three, the percentage of variance accounted for in criterion variables by different models ranged from 13.6% to 47.7%, where the DDDI Negative Emotional and DDDI Total scales frequently accounted for large portions of variance. In Study Four, the percent of variance accounted for in criterion variables by different models ranged from 22.0% to 65.6%, where some of the DDDI scales were regularly found to account for significant variance.
Thus, it was concluded that the DDDI is a measure with high levels of internal reliability and reasonable stability across time, and that face, construct, and predictive validity was demonstrated. However, the evidence in support of the present division of subscales was weak, though present. Therefore, should further data fail to produce more substantial evidence for the validity of the DDDI subscales, a singular dangerous driving measure would be warranted, and the number of items should be shortened as guided by results from factorial analysis.Ph. D.
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Teräsvirta, Jukka. "Tendency to Aggressive Driving and Road Rage : Identifying Drivers Prone to Aggressive Driving and Road Rage in Motor Vehicle Traffic in Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-63803.
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In the present study possible associations between driver characteristics and aggressive driving were examined. 210 participants responded to a questionnaire consisting of self-report measures of emotion regulation ability, personality traits, and attitudes towards traffic behaviours in a Swedish translation of the Propensity for Angry Driving Scale (PADS). The main results showed that females, older age, agreeableness, openness, and social desirability were negatively correlated with angry driving behaviour as measured by the PADS. Impulsivity, attention seeking, trait irritability, verbal trait aggression, positive attitude towards speeding, and a high self-reported car manoeuvring ability were positively correlated with angry driving. Partial correlations showed that social desirability, trait irritability, and a positive attitude towards speeding explained most of the unique variance. Multiple regression analysis showed that trait irritability, positive attitude towards speeding, and a high self-reported car manoeuvring ability were the most important predictors of angry driving.
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Myers, Owen Dale. "Spatiotemporally Periodic Driven System with Long-Range Interactions." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/524.
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It is well known that some driven systems undergo transitions when a system parameter is changed adiabatically around a critical value. This transition can be the result of a fundamental change in the structure of the phase space, called a bifurcation. Most of these transitions are well classified in the theory of bifurcations. Among the driven systems, spatiotemporally periodic (STP) potentials are noteworthy due to the intimate coupling between their time and spatial components. A paradigmatic example of such a system is the Kapitza pendulum, which is a pendulum with an oscillating suspension point. The Kapitza pendulum has the strange property that it will stand stably in the inverted position for certain driving frequencies and amplitudes. A particularly interesting and useful STP system is an array of parallel electrodes driven with an AC electrical potential such that adjacent electrodes are 180 degrees out of phase. Such an electrode array embedded in a surface is called an Electric Curtain (EC). As we will show, by using two ECs and a quadrupole trap it is posible to produce an electric potential simular in form to that of the Kapitza pendulum.
Here I will present the results of four related pieces of work, each focused on understanding the behaviors STP systems, long-range interacting particles, and long-range interacting particles in STP systems. I will begin with a discussion on the experimental results of the EC as applied to the cleaning of solar panels in extraterrestrial environments, and as a way to produce a novel one-dimensional multiparticle STP potential. Then I will present a numerical investigation and dynamical systems analysis of the dynamics that may be possible in an EC. Moving to a simpler model in order to explore the rudimentary physics of coulomb interactions in a STP potential, I will show that the tools of statistical mechanics may be important to the study of such systems to understand transitions that fall outside of bifurcation theory. Though the Coulomb and, similarly, gravitational interactions of particles are prevalent in nature, these long-range interactions are not well understood from a statistical mechanics perspective because they are not extensive or additive. Finally, I will present a simple model for understanding long-range interacting pendula, finding interesting non-equilibrium behavior of the pendula angles. Namely, that a quasistationary clustered state can exist when the angles are initially ordered by their index.
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Ma, Yingfang. "Electronic Structure, Optical Properties and Long-Range-Interaction Driven Mesoscale Assembly." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1497049273517057.
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Lippert, Tristan Gerhard [Verfasser]. "Robust Numerical Prediction of Offshore Pile Driving Noise over Long Ranges / Tristan Gerhard Lippert." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081885785/34.
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Benabdallah, Suzanne Nezha. "New model for long-range chromatin reorganisation upon enhancer-driven gene activation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23575.
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Enhancers are non-coding DNA sequences which are able to activate the expression of a gene in a specific tissue manner and at a precise stage during embryonic development. First identified almost 40 years ago, our growing understanding of enhancers has transformed the concept of gene regulation to recognise the key role of these sequences in the expression of many genes. Moreover, the identification of human diseases caused by genetic variation in non-coding enhancer elements highlights the importance of characterising enhancers in order to understand human disease. However, enhancers are often located far from the promoter they influence and the mechanisms through which enhancers govern gene expression remain unclear. The most widely accepted model for the action of distal enhancers involves the formation of a chromatin loop, in which the enhancer and promoter physically interact at the loop base. The kinetics or molecular basis for the formation of enhancer/promoter loops is unknown and it remains unclear whether this mechanism of enhancer communication is universal, or indeed whether it is the most pervasive. The aim of my PhD is to investigate further the mechanism of action of distal enhancers in the regulation of developmental genes. Using chromatin profiling during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to neural progenitor cells in order to see which Shh enhancer is active in neural progenitor cells (NPCs), I report the identification of a novel long-range enhancer for Shh - Shh-Brain- Enhancer-6 (SBE6) – that is located 100kb upstream of Shh and that is required for the proper induction of Shh expression during a neural differentiation programme. SBE6 enhances Shh expression during the differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and is active in the brain of developing zebrafish and mouse embryos. Next, using a super-resolution 3D-FISH based approach to study the enhancer-driven activation of the Sonic hedgehog gene (Shh) I have identified a novel mechanism of longrange enhancer regulation that is incompatible with the looping model. Instead, gene activation is associated with an increase in nuclear distance between Shh and Shh-Brain- Enhancers. Using a synthetic biology approach I have determined that the chromatin unfolding is regulated specifically by the Shh-Brain-Enhancer and is mediated by the recruitment of transcription factor SIX3 and Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1. Chromatin decondensation upon gene activation has been observed previously in Drosophila polytene chromosomes. I suggest an analogous decompaction is driven by Shh-Brain-Enhancer to promote the activation of Shh in mouse neural progenitor cells. This ‘chromatin unfolding’ model represents a new mechanism of long-range enhancer-promoter communication in addition to the looping and tracking models.
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Harper, Neil. "Impacts of climate driven range changes on the genetics and morphology of butterflies." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1574/.
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This thesis studied the genetic responses of butterflies to climate induced distribution shifts in terms of patterns of genetic diversity at expanding and contracting range margins, the relative importance of genes versus environment on adaptations to dispersal and local adaptation to temperature during range expansion. Loss of genetic diversity during range expansion in Pararge aegeria was confirmed using neutral genetic markers (AFLPs). High reductions of genetic diversity were discovered at the range margin relative to the distribution core. Range margin populations exhibit a nearly 50% reduction in neutral genetic diversity, and lower genetic divergence between sites. The contracting southern range margin of the butterfly Erebia aethiops has not suffered a reduction in genetic diversity relative to the distribution core. As genetic diversity remains relatively high population extinction is unlikely to be exacerbated by inbreeding or reduced fitness from low genetic diversity during range contraction. Contrary to results from laboratory reared butterflies, wild male P. aegeria do not have significant differences in flight morphology between core and margin sites. This suggests developmental influences suppress the expression of genetic adaptations to dispersal. Wild butterflies also represent a smaller range of phenotypes possibly indicating balancing selection on morphological traits. Little to no evidence for local adaptation to temperature is apparent at the expanding range margin of P. aegeria. Neither was there evidence for reduced fitness due to lower genetic diversity, as F2 butterflies from core sites had poorer survival rates than the less genetically diverse margin sites. This study found that neutral genetic diversity is unlikely to affect species during distribution shifts as even high losses during distribution expansion do not appear to affect survival rates. Also adaptation to dispersal and temperature may be limited during range expansion both by environmental constraints and limited selection pressure respectively.
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Curtis, Phillip. "Data Driven Selective Sensing for 3D Image Acquisition." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30224.
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It is well established that acquiring large amounts of range data with vision sensors can quickly lead to important data management challenges where processing capabilities become saturated and pre-empt full usage of the information available for autonomous systems to make educated decisions. While sub-sampling offers a naïve solution for reducing dataset dimension after acquisition, it does not capitalize on the knowledge available in already acquired data to selectively and dynamically drive the acquisition process over the most significant regions in a scene, the latter being generally characterized by variations in depth and surface shape in the context of 3D imaging.
This thesis discusses the development of two formal improvement measures, the first based upon surface meshes and Ordinary Kriging that focuses on improving scene accuracy, and the second based upon probabilistic occupancy grids that focuses on improving scene coverage. Furthermore, three selection processes to automatically choose which locations within the field of view of a range sensor to acquire next are proposed based upon the two formal improvement measures. The first two selection processes each use only one of the proposed improvement measures. The third selection process combines both improvement measures in order to counterbalance the parameters of the accuracy of knowledge about the scene and the coverage of the scene.
The proposed algorithms mainly target applications using random access range sensors, defined as sensors that can acquire depth measurements at a specified location within their field of view. Additionally, the algorithms are applicable to the case of estimating the improvement and point selection from within a single point of view, with the purpose of guiding the random access sensor to locations it can acquire. However, the framework is developed to be independent of the range sensing technology used, and is validated with range data of several scenes acquired from many different sensors employing various sensing technologies and configurations. Furthermore, the experimental results of the proposed selection processes are compared against those produced by a random sampling process, as well as a neural gas selective sensing algorithm.
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Scheubner, Stefan [Verfasser], and F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Gauterin. "Stochastic Range Estimation Algorithms for Electric Vehicles using Data-Driven Learning Models / Stefan Scheubner ; Betreuer: F. Gauterin." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235072304/34.
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Basma, Hussein. "Energy management strategies for battery electric bus fleet." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://thesesprivees.mines-paristech.fr/2020/2020UPSLM036_archivage.pdf.
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Les bus électriques à batterie (BEB) représentent une solution prometteuse pour remplacer les flottes de bus diesel actuelles consommant des énergies fossiles grâce à leur efficacité énergétique élevée et à leur potentiel de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et à l’absence d’émissions de polluants atmosphériques locaux. Cependant, cette technologie doit faire face à plusieurs défis, en particulier le coût total de possession (TCO) élevé et des contraintes opérationnelles comme l’autonomie des bus, le temps et le lieu de recharge. Cette thèse présente une méthodologie systématique qui vise à développer des solutions pour surmonter ces défis en fournissant un dimensionnement des batteries et une stratégie de recharge optimales pour les BEB. D'abord, un modèle énergétique multi-physique de bus est développé pour évaluer ses besoins énergétiques en prenant en considération ses différents systèmes énergétiques. Ensuite, la consommation d'énergie du bus est évaluée dans plusieurs conditions de fonctionnement afin de quantifier sa consommation d'énergie réelle. Un modèle techno-économique d'une ligne de bus est développé afin d'évaluer l'impact des différentes stratégies de dimensionnement et de recharge des batteries sur les coûts et le fonctionnement du BEB. Ensuite, un modèle TCO est introduit en tenant compte les coûts unitaires BEB, les coûts d'achat et de remplacement des batteries, les coûts d'électricité, les coûts d'infrastructure et de maintenance. L'analyse des résultats d’un cas d’étude à Paris souligne les compromis entre le TCO et les perturbations et les retards des horaires du BEB en fonction des différentes tailles de batterie et stratégies de recharge. Enfin, une méthodologie minimisant le TCO est proposée en déterminant un dimensionnement des batteries et une stratégie de recharge optimales pour la flotte de BEB tout en garantissant l'absence de perturbation des horaires ou des interruptions du service. Elle repose sur une optimisation en deux étapes qui utilise à la fois la programmation dynamique et un algorithme génétique. Les résultats montrent que la méthodologie proposée pourrait réduire le TCO du BEB entre 15-25% par rapport aux approches actuellement adoptéesInitiatives to decrease emissions from the transport sector are increasing worldwide by seeking alternative technologies to replace oil-based mobility. Battery Electric Buses (BEB) present a promising solution thanks to their high energy efficiency, low greenhouse gas emissions and the absence of local pollutant emissions. However, this technology still faces many challenges, especially its high total cost of ownership (TCO) and other operational factors such as the limited bus driving range, the high energy refueling time, and the required charging technologies and strategies. In this context, this thesis presents a systematic methodology that aims at developing solutions to help overcoming these challenges by providing optimal battery sizing and charging strategy for BEB. First, a comprehensive multi-physical bus energy model is developed to evaluate its energy needs considering all the energy systems encountered within. The energy consumption of the bus is then evaluated at a variety of operating conditions. Then, a techno-economic model of an entire bus line is developed in order to assess the impact of different battery sizing and charging strategies on the costs and operation of BEB. A TCO model is introduced considering the BEB unit costs, battery purchase and replacement costs, energy and power costs, infrastructure, and maintenance costs. A case study in Paris city is presented and the analysis reveals the resulting tradeoff between the TCO and BEB schedule disruptions and delays as function of different battery sizes and charging strategies. A methodology to minimize the TCO of BEB deployment is presented providing the optimal battery sizing and charging strategy for BEB, while respecting the BEB operation constraints. The methodology is a 2-step optimization algorithm that utilizes both Dynamic programming and Genetic Algorithm optimization routines. The results show that the proposed methodology could reduce the BEB TCO between 15-25% compared to the currently adopted approaches to deploy BEB
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Senko, Jesse. "Fine scale diel movements and short term activity ranges of a marine megaherbivore at a tidally driven lagoon." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041305.
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Seyed, Hossein Seyed Sharafedin. "Control of an inverter driven induction motor : optimisation of the efficiency of an inverter driven induction motor over a wide range of loads and speeds by a microprocessor-based slip and power measurement system." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358911.
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Ertl, Thomas Michael Verfasser], Hans-Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Janka, Norbert [Gutachter] [Langer, and Björn [Gutachter] Garbrecht. "Modeling Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions Across the Stellar Mass and Metallicity Range / Thomas Michael Ertl ; Gutachter: Norbert Langer, Hans-Thomas Janka, Björn Garbrecht ; Betreuer: Hans-Thomas Janka." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1143124952/34.
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Ertl, Thomas Michael Verfasser], Hans-Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Janka, Norbert [Gutachter] Langer, and Björn [Gutachter] Garbrecht. "Modeling Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions Across the Stellar Mass and Metallicity Range / Thomas Michael Ertl ; Gutachter: Norbert Langer, Hans-Thomas Janka, Björn Garbrecht ; Betreuer: Hans-Thomas Janka." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20161220-1320399-1-8.
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Lestandi, Lucas. "Approximations de rang faible et modèles d'ordre réduit appliqués à quelques problèmes de la mécanique des fluides." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0186/document.
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Les dernières décennies ont donné lieux à d'énormes progrès dans la simulation numérique des phénomènes physiques. D'une part grâce au raffinement des méthodes de discrétisation des équations aux dérivées partielles. Et d'autre part grâce à l'explosion de la puissance de calcul disponible. Pourtant, de nombreux problèmes soulevés en ingénierie tels que les simulations multi-physiques, les problèmes d'optimisation et de contrôle restent souvent hors de portée. Le dénominateur commun de ces problèmes est le fléau des dimensions. Un simple problème tridimensionnel requiert des centaines de millions de points de discrétisation auxquels il faut souvent ajouter des milliers de pas de temps pour capturer des dynamiques complexes. L'avènement des supercalculateurs permet de générer des simulations de plus en plus fines au prix de données gigantesques qui sont régulièrement de l'ordre du pétaoctet. Malgré tout, cela n'autorise pas une résolution ``exacte'' des problèmes requérant l'utilisation de plusieurs paramètres. L'une des voies envisagées pour résoudre ces difficultés est de proposer des représentations ne souffrant plus du fléau de la dimension. Ces représentations que l'on appelle séparées sont en fait un changement de paradigme. Elles vont convertir des objets tensoriels dont la croissance est exponentielle $n^d$ en fonction du nombre de dimensions $d$ en une représentation approchée dont la taille est linéaire en $d$. Pour le traitement des données tensorielles, une vaste littérature a émergé ces dernières années dans le domaine des mathématiques appliquées.Afin de faciliter leurs utilisations dans la communauté des mécaniciens et en particulier pour la simulation en mécanique des fluides, ce manuscrit présente dans un vocabulaire rigoureux mais accessible les formats de représentation des tenseurs et propose une étude détaillée des algorithmes de décomposition de données qui y sont associées. L'accent est porté sur l'utilisation de ces méthodes, aussi la bibliothèque de calcul texttt{pydecomp} développée est utilisée pour comparer l'efficacité de ces méthodes sur un ensemble de cas qui se veut représentatif. La seconde partie de ce manuscrit met en avant l'étude de l'écoulement dans une cavité entraînée à haut nombre de Reynolds. Cet écoulement propose une physique très riche (séquence de bifurcation de Hopf) qui doit être étudiée en amont de la construction de modèle réduit. Cette étude est enrichie par l'utilisation de la décomposition orthogonale aux valeurs propres (POD). Enfin une approche de construction ``physique'', qui diffère notablement des développements récents pour les modèles d'ordre réduit, est proposée. La connaissance détaillée de l'écoulement permet de construire un modèle réduit simple basé sur la mise à l'échelle des fréquences d'oscillation (time-scaling) et des techniques d'interpolation classiques (Lagrange,..)Numerical simulation has experienced tremendous improvements in the last decadesdriven by massive growth of computing power. Exascale computing has beenachieved this year and will allow solving ever more complex problems. But suchlarge systems produce colossal amounts of data which leads to its own difficulties.Moreover, many engineering problems such as multiphysics or optimisation andcontrol, require far more power that any computer architecture could achievewithin the current scientific computing paradigm. In this thesis, we proposeto shift the paradigm in order to break the curse of dimensionality byintroducing decomposition and building reduced order models (ROM) for complexfluid flows.This manuscript is organized into two parts. The first one proposes an extendedreview of data reduction techniques and intends to bridge between appliedmathematics community and the computational mechanics one. Thus, foundingbivariate separation is studied, including discussions on the equivalence ofproper orthogonal decomposition (POD, continuous framework) and singular valuedecomposition (SVD, discrete matrices). Then a wide review of tensor formats andtheir approximation is proposed. Such work has already been provided in theliterature but either on separate papers or into a purely applied mathematicsframework. Here, we offer to the data enthusiast scientist a comparison ofCanonical, Tucker, Hierarchical and Tensor train formats including theirapproximation algorithms. Their relative benefits are studied both theoreticallyand numerically thanks to the python library texttt{pydecomp} that wasdeveloped during this thesis. A careful analysis of the link between continuousand discrete methods is performed. Finally, we conclude that for mostapplications ST-HOSVD is best when the number of dimensions $d$ lower than fourand TT-SVD (or their POD equivalent) when $d$ grows larger.The second part is centered on a complex fluid dynamics flow, in particular thesingular lid driven cavity at high Reynolds number. This flow exhibits a seriesof Hopf bifurcation which are known to be hard to capture accurately which iswhy a detailed analysis was performed both with classical tools and POD. Oncethis flow has been characterized, emph{time-scaling}, a new ``physics based''interpolation ROM is presented on internal and external flows. This methodsgives encouraging results while excluding recent advanced developments in thearea such as EIM or Grassmann manifold interpolation
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Huang, Chun-Hsiao, and 黃俊曉. "Exploring the Factors for Consumer to Select Golf Driving Range." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20555140303529779868.
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碩士亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士班
100
With the rapid economic development and the implementation of two-day weekend in Taiwan, people tend to care more about individual recreational activities. In recent years, the government has started to invest a great amount of money to arrange international golf tournament. As a result, more and more people have interest in this sport-playing golf. Compared with golf course for official competition, there are lots of advantages in the golf course for practice; for instance, more convenient transportation, without restricted time for consuming and lower prices, etc. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors for consumer to select golf driving range. The results to show that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) is 0.894 (p-value = 0.000) and total variance explained is 65.407%, and then five dimensions were extracted which are “technical requirement”, “health requirement”, “achievement requirement”, “social requirement “, and “pressure releasing requirement” by factor analysis. Moreover, an analysis of t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the five factor dimensions differ significantly in different genders, marriage situations, occupations, educated levels, and the amount of income. This study is to provide references for golf business runner when they set marketing strategies and manage their industries.
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Chien, Yang-Chang, and 簡揚昌. "Development of Control and Driving Sysem for Long-Range Piezoelectric Positioning Stage." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50221520971809113160.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
91
In recent years, stacked piezoelectric ceramic material is regarded as actuator in the design of the precision positional devices. Piezoelectric ceramic is achievable to transform into different type of mode shape by applying to piezoelectric ceramic with the distinct intensity of electrical field, frequency and waveform. Then the design of the driving circuit would be accomplish. There are several kinds of electric driver circuit, but it is regret that most of the electric driver is imported from abroad. This project would use theNational Instriment LabVIEW and Data Acquisition (DAQ) Adapter Card. Then the DAQ Adapter Card would combine with the design of the controller and other distinct peripheral circuits. By applying the “piezoelectric effect” of the piezoelectric ceramic and driving the piezoelectric under different DC signal or AC signal, the piezoelectric ceramic would be driven under to the resonant state and achieve high voltage output. Therefore the piezoelectric ceramic would result in different mode of transformation. Furthermore the piezoelectric ceramic could be applied to long traveling distance in micrometer scale and precision driving device in nanometer scale.
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Hu, Tsung-Hsien, and 胡聰賢. "Energy Management of Regenerative Braking to Improve the Driving Range of Electric Vehicles." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12016874470021181048.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
94
As the energy conservation and environmental protection concerns grow, the development of electric vehicle technology has been significant. The purpose of this research is to find a method to improve the efficiency of electric vehicles to extend driving range. In this thesis, the propulsion and energy management system of hybrid power sources, electric gearshift, and regenerative braking systems are integrated and implemented in an electric vehicle. The strategy of energy management gear shift timing, optimal driving current waveform, and energy regenerative braking control method are embedded in a control core, which is realized by a field programmable gate array(FPGA). Also proposed is a novel regenerative braking method via the inherent configuration of motor windings and their corresponding electronic switches. Therefore, the combination of variable windings and ultracapacitor is the major structure of regenerative braking system. The gross efficiency of electric vehicle is observed by the performance test of driving range according to the ECE47(CNS3105) standard. The experimental results show that the energy usage efficiency of ultracapacitor is as high as 97.5%. Besides the regenerative braking system extends the driving range by 19.91%. The gross efficiency of electric vehicle is also improved with 70% at 30km/hr of low speed gear as well as at 50km/hr of high speed gear.
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Huang, San-cheng, and 黃三城. "A Study of Customer Participation Motivation and Customer Satisfaction in Shang Rong Golf Driving Range." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75517781359935280462.
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碩士國立臺南大學
體育學系教學碩士班
98
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the conditions of the customer participation motivation and customer satisfaction and the differences of them in different background variables. It was also explored the correlations of customer participation motivation and customer satisfaction. The study adopted the questionnaire survey and proceeded to collect the research data by using “ The customer participation motivation of golf driving range” and “ The customer satisfaction of golf driving range” as research tools. It was sampled among the customers in Shang Rong golf driving range in Kaoshing County. Out of 450 questionnaires, 428 copies were obtained. 383 were valid. The ratio of success was up to 89%. The data were analyzed through SPSS for Windows 12.0. Descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, Scheff’s multiple comparisons and Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis were used. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The major customers of Shang Rong golf driving range were male, aged from 31 to 50 and mostly had college degrees. Most of them were businessmen with monthly salary, over 30001 dollars. The frequency of consumption was mostly once a week. 2. The highest identity of the customer participation motivation in Shang Rong golf driving range was to promote physical health, but the lowest one was to get others’ encouragement and support identity. Promoting physical health scored the highest whereas encouragement from others ranked the lowest in the moviation of participation. 3. The main consideration of the customer satisfaction was the reasonable pirce. However, the lowest factor was that the attendants can solve the problems on the phone. 4. There was not a significant difference on gender, age, education degree, occupation, personal salary and frequency of consumption about the customer participation motivation in Shang Rong golf driving range. 5. There was not a significant difference on gender, age, education degree, occupation, personal salary and frequency of consumption about the customer satisfaction in Shang Rong golf driving range. 6. The correlations between the customer participation motivation and customer satisfaction in Shang Rong golf driving range were positive.
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HSU, KAI-FU, and 許凱富. "Application of big data analysis in marketing strategy - A case study of golf driving range." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r5495w.
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碩士東吳大學
企業管理學系
107
As the amount of data that can be collected increases dramatically, the cost of storing data continues to decrease. Big Data has become a hot topic in recent years, and it has allowed enterprises to effectively use the collected data for data mining. To extract information that has not been discovered in the past and that is beneficial to the company's operations. How should companies use the analysed information to further analyse customer needs, ultimately improve marketing strategies, and launch new marketing and sales activities, which has become an important issue for enterprises today. This study will use R and RStudio to analyse the member data of the golf driving range, and through the pre-processing process, screen out RFML and other derived variables, and then use K-Means cluster analysis to group members and use RFML four. The level of variables, the success of customer differentiation, and finally combined with customer value, narrative statistics and derivative variables, analysis of the appropriate marketing and sales activities.
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Lin, Hou-Cang, and 林厚蒼. "The Study of Violation of Criminal Cases of Driving Safety- the range of Chungli in Taoyuan City." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/va92et.
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碩士開南大學
觀光運輸學院碩士班
103
This study that control against safe driving behavior is the best policy for offenders education and by analyzing the different regions of the address will find in different environmental factors will have different characteristics. This study tries to analyses the violation of safety driving crime cases happened in Chungli, Taoyuan City area during November 2014 to February 2015. The data collected contain a total of 14 variables. Using visual location information after map crime, different regional grouping analysis, is divided into group of suburban, industrial zone group and complex intersection group. Found under the different environment, the crime occurred personal characteristics will vary, the practice will be to help police administration decision service personnel planning, more efficient due to the different characteristics of the region and adjust the relevant control strategy. It is found that the safety driving education will be effective for the safety driving education in the absence of safety driving cognition.
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譚彥. "The research into structured factors of the service quality and satisfaction levels attained on the Golf Driving Range." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17445270002191281732.
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碩士中國文化大學
運動教練研究所
91
Abstract This purpose of this research is to probe into the satisfaction levels from the consumers on the golf driving ranges. There are three major purposes: 1. Understanding the structure factors of golf driving range service quality, and to probe into the relative importance in order to control the mental factors that affect satisfaction levels. 2. Understand any satisfaction differences that consumers have on the golf driving range. 3. Find out the service quality structure factors of golf driving ranges to forecast the satisfaction levels of consumers in order to provide a reference guideline for the drawing up of operational management policies for the industry. This research requested 223 students who chose golf courses as their elective course at the Soochow University and Ming Chuan University, and 204 club mates from 12 golf driving ranges, totalling 427 people as research objects. Their purpose is to use
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Hsuan-Cheng, Huang, and 黃玄承. "A Study on the Relationship among Service Quality Service Value Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty of Golf Driving Range." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93052874753843597677.
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碩士亞洲大學
休閒與遊憩管理學系碩士班
98
The purpose of this research is to comprehend the consumer spending behavior and statistical distribution of its population in Chia-Yi County Area. There are four main focuses of the study which are services quality, service value, customer satisfaction, and loyalty, as the result provides good references to golf driving range business operation and management. I applied a golf driving range in Chia-Yi County as a good example for my research survey. Therefore, the study has shown that 388 people were being effective questionnaires and used it for analysis calculations. The four popular analyses such as the descriptive statistics, and the Pearson Product-moment Correlation which will obtain an excellent conclusion. Mostly, the majority of people go golf driving range in Chia-Yi County Area are the ages between thirty and forty, married, male, college graduate; their income is around NT20,001 to NT30,000, and work for service industry as occupation. Next, the quality of service, value, the customer satisfaction as well as loyalty are the fundamental issues relate to the business operation and management.
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ChenChou and 周辰. "Exploring the Driving Distance of Vehicle Based on National Highway ETC Data and Land Use and Reasonable Range of Living Area in Major Urban Areas in Central and Southern Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5vb8dj.
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碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系
105
Big Data has been attracted a lot of attentions in many fields for analyzing research issues based on a large number of maternal data. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is one of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications in Taiwan, used to record starting point, end point, distance and travel time of vehicle on the national freeway. This study, taking advantage of ETC big data, combined with urban planning theory, attempts to explore various phenomena of inter-city transportation activities. ETC, one of government's open data, is numerous, complete and quick-update. One may recall that living area has been delimited with location, population, area and subjective consciousness. However, these factors cannot appropriately reflect what people’s movement path is in daily life. The study is based on the concept of National Highway Driving Distance, is dynamic and varies with time and purposes of activities. The study uses data mining with Python and Excel, and visualizes the number of trips with GIS to compare living area delimited in current. According to the results of the study, Taichung, Yunlin, Tainan and Kaohsiung should be revised again except Changhua and Chiayi. It is suggested that National Highway Driving Distance can be one of the reference projects of living area in the future. It dialogues between the concepts of “National Highway Driving Distance” and Living Area, integrates the application of big data, urban planning and transportation. The finding will be valuable for resource allocation and land apportionment of spatial planning.
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Santos, Joaquim Bernardino dos. "Proof-of-concept of a single-point Time-of-Flight LiDAR system and guidelines towards integrated high-accuracy timing, advanced polarization sensing and scanning with a MEMS micromirror." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/66134.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Física (área de especialização em Dispositivos, Microssistemas e Nanotecnologias)The core focus of the work reported herein is the fulfillment of a functional Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor to validate the direct Time-of-Flight (ToF) ranging concept and the acquisition of critical knowledge regarding pivotal aspects jeopardizing the sensor’s performance, for forthcoming improvements aiming a realistic sensor targeted towards automotive applications. Hereupon, the ToF LiDAR system is implemented through an architecture encompassing both optical and electronical functions and is subsequently characterized under a sequence of test procedures usually applied in benchmarking of LiDAR sensors. The design employs a hybrid edge-emitting laser diode (pulsed at 6kHz, 46ns temporal FWHM, 7ns rise-time; 919nm wavelength with 5nm FWHM), a PIN photodiode to detect the back-reflected radiation, a transamplification stage and two Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs), with leading-edge discrimination electronics to mark the transit time between emission and detection events. Furthermore, a flexible modular design is adopted using two separate Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), comprising the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX), i.e. detection and signal processing. The overall output beam divergence is 0.4º×1º and an optical peak power of 60W (87% overall throughput) is realized. The sensor is tested indoors from 0.56 to 4.42 meters, and the distance is directly estimated from the pulses transit time. The precision within these working distances ranges from 4cm to 7cm, reflected in a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) between 12dB and 18dB. The design requires a calibration procedure to correct systematic errors in the range measurements, induced by two sources: the timing offset due to architecture-inherent differences in the optoelectronic paths and a supplementary bias resulting from the design, which renders an intensity dependence and is denoted time-walk. The calibrated system achieves a mean accuracy of 1cm. Two distinct target materials are used for characterization and performance evaluation: a metallic automotive paint and a diffuse material. This selection is representative of two extremes of actual LiDAR applications. The optical and electronic characterization is thoroughly detailed, including the recognition of a good agreement between empirical observations and simulations in ZEMAX, for optical design, and in a SPICE software, for the electrical subsystem. The foremost meaningful limitation of the implemented design is identified as an outcome of the leading-edge discrimination. A proposal for a Constant Fraction Discriminator addressing sub-millimetric accuracy is provided to replace the previous signal processing element. This modification is mandatory to virtually eliminate the aforementioned systematic bias in range sensing due to the intensity dependency. A further crucial addition is a scanning mechanism to supply the required Field-of-View (FOV) for automotive usage. The opto-electromechanical guidelines to interface a MEMS micromirror scanner, achieving a 46º×17º FOV, with the LiDAR sensor are furnished. Ultimately, a proof-of-principle to the use of polarization in material classification for advanced processing is carried out, aiming to complement the ToF measurements. The original design is modified to include a variable wave retarder, allowing the simultaneous detection of orthogonal linear polarization states using a single detector. The material classification with polarization sensing is tested with the previously referred materials culminating in an 87% and 11% degree of linear polarization retention from the metallic paint and the diffuse material, respectively, computed by Stokes parameters calculus. The procedure was independently validated under the same conditions with a micro-polarizer camera (92% and 13% polarization retention).
O intuito primordial do trabalho reportado no presente documento é o desenvolvimento de um sensor LiDAR funcional, que permita validar o conceito de medição direta do tempo de voo de pulsos óticos para a estimativa de distância, e a aquisição de conhecimento crítico respeitante a aspetos fundamentais que prejudicam a performance do sensor, ambicionando melhorias futuras para um sensor endereçado para aplicações automóveis. Destarte, o sistema LiDAR é implementado através de uma arquitetura que engloba tanto funções óticas como eletrónicas, sendo posteriormente caracterizado através de uma sequência de testes experimentais comumente aplicáveis em benchmarking de sensores LiDAR. O design tira partido de um díodo de laser híbrido (pulsado a 6kHz, largura temporal de 46ns; comprimento de onda de pico de 919nm e largura espetral de 5nm), um fotodíodo PIN para detetar a radiação refletida, um andar de transamplificação e dois conversores tempo-digital, com discriminação temporal com threshold constante para marcar o tempo de trânsito entre emissão e receção. Ademais, um design modular flexível é adotado através de duas PCBs independentes, compondo o transmissor e o recetor (deteção e processamento de sinal). A divergência global do feixe emitido para o ambiente circundante é 0.4º×1º, apresentando uma potência ótica de pico de 60W (eficiência de 87% na transmissão). O sensor é testado em ambiente fechado, entre 0.56 e 4.42 metros. A precisão dentro das distâncias de trabalho varia entre 4cm e 7cm, o que se reflete numa razão sinal-ruído entre 12dB e 18dB. O design requer calibração para corrigir erros sistemáticos nas distâncias adquiridas devido a duas fontes: o desvio no ToF devido a diferenças nos percursos optoeletrónicos, inerentes à arquitetura, e uma dependência adicional da intensidade do sinal refletido, induzida pela técnica de discriminação implementada e denotada time-walk. A exatidão do sistema pós-calibração perfaz um valor médio de 1cm. Dois alvos distintos são utilizados durante a fase de caraterização e avaliação performativa: uma tinta metálica aplicada em revestimentos de automóveis e um material difusor. Esta seleção é representativa de dois cenários extremos em aplicações reais do LiDAR. A caraterização dos subsistemas ótico e eletrónico é minuciosamente detalhada, incluindo a constatação de uma boa concordância entre observações empíricas e simulações óticas em ZEMAX e elétricas num software SPICE. O principal elemento limitante do design implementado é identificado como sendo a técnica de discriminação adotada. Por conseguinte, é proposta a substituição do anterior bloco por uma técnica de discriminação a uma fração constante do pulso de retorno, com exatidões da ordem sub-milimétrica. Esta modificação é imperativa para eliminar o offset sistemático nas medidas de distância, decorrente da dependência da intensidade do sinal. Uma outra inclusão de extrema relevância é um mecanismo de varrimento que assegura o cumprimento dos requisitos de campo de visão para aplicações automóveis. As diretrizes para a integração de um micro-espelho no sensor concebido são providenciadas, permitindo atingir um campo de visão de 46º×17º. Conclusivamente, é feita uma prova de princípio para a utilização da polarização como complemento das medições do tempo de voo, de modo a suportar a classificação de materiais em processamento avançado. A arquitetura original é modificada para incluir uma lâmina de atraso variável, permitindo a deteção de estados de polarização ortogonais com um único fotodetetor. A classificação de materiais através da aferição do estado de polarização da luz refletida é testada para os materiais supramencionados, culminando numa retenção de polarização de 87% (tinta metálica) e 11% (difusor), calculados através dos parâmetros de Stokes. O procedimento é independentemente validado com uma câmara polarimétrica nas mesmas condições (retenção de 92% e 13%).
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Nyezi, Vuyani Vitalis. "Self-perceived psychological factors contributing to road rage at Empangeni in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/622.
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A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Counselling Psychology) in the Department of Psychology, University of Zululand, 2010.The main objective of this study was to find out the self-perceived psychological factors that may contribute to road rage in Empangeni. A phenomenological approach was adopted in this study to facilitate the understanding of the information gathered. The sample consisted of 10 participants, 9 males and 1 female. All participants were the drivers. Open-ended questions were asked from the participants. The findings of this study revealed the following themes: impatience, frustrations and anger; substance abuse contribution to bad driving; bad mood leading to aggressive driving; disrespecting other road users; poor compliance with the rules of the road; prolonged hours of driving leading to fatigue; family and work related problems impacting on drivers; attention and focus; gender issues; and bad driving viewed on media (television) impacting on drivers. The study concluded with a brief discussion on the limitations of the study and recommendations for future research.
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Hennessy, Dwight A. "The interaction of person and situation within the driving environment : daily hassles, traffic congestion, driver stress, aggression, vengeance and past performance /." 1999. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NQ39272.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 1999. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-120). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NQ39272
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Chun-WeiLin and 林峻偉. "Design and Implementation of Ozone-Driven Systems with Wide-Input Voltage Range." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89149115880708969648.
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碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系
102
This thesis proposes an ozone-driven system with wide-input voltage range. This study is motivated because the traditional ozone-driven system often used different voltage sources as the input voltage, leading to the difficulty of driving the ozone ceramic chip. Moreover, since the voltage gain of resonant circuit fails to satisfy the load demands, a transformer to boost the voltage is additionally hence required. To improve these demerits, the thesis proposes a modified half-bridge circuit integrated with a resonant inverter so that input voltage can be converted to different voltage levels. In the study, the resonant circuit is well designed such that it comes with a high voltage gain and the transformer cost can be largely saved. The study also suggests a duty-cycle modulation approach by which the wide-input voltage range is achieved, the zero-voltage switching is realized, and the constant-current is completed with the feedback control. To validate the feasibility of this proposed circuit, both software simulations and hardware experiments have been made. Experimental results support the practical value of the designated ozone-driven system.
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Foreo, Medina German Andres. "Elevational Range Shifts Driven by Climate Change in Tropical Mountains: Assessment and Conservation Opportunities." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5598.
Full textAbstract:
Global climate change can cause shifts in species distributions, and increases in some of their competitors, predators, and diseases that might even cause their extinction. Species may respond to a warming climate by moving to higher latitudes or elevations. Shifts in geographic ranges are common responses in temperate regions. For the tropics, latitudinal temperature gradients are shallow: the only escape for species may be to move to higher elevations. There are few data to suggest that they do, and our understanding of the process is still very limited. Yet, the greatest loss of species from climate disruption may be for tropical montane species. To better understand the potential process of elevational range shifts in the tropics and their implications we have to: 1) Build theoretical models for the process of range shifting, 2) Evaluate potential constraints that species could face while moving to higher elevations, 3) Obtain empirical evidence confirming the uphill shift of species ranges, 4) Determine the number of extinctions that could arise from elevational range shifts (mountain top extinctions) and 5) Identify vulnerable species and areas, and determine their representation by the Protected Areas Network. The purpose of this dissertation is to address these issues, by applying novel methods and collecting empirical evidence.
In the second chapter I incorporated temperature gradients and land-cover data from the current ranges of species in a model of range shifts in response to climate change. I tested 4 possible scenarios of amphibian movement on a tropical mountain and estimated the constraints to range shifts imposed by each scenario. Confirming the occurrence of elevational range shifts with empirical data is also essential, but requires historical data as a baseline for comparison. I repeated a historical transect in Peru, sampling birds at the same locations they were sampled 40 years ago, and compared their elevational ranges between sampling occasions to evaluate if they were moving uphill as a response to warming temperatures. Finally, based on the results from this comparison, I estimated the potential extinctions derived from elevational range shifts, using information on the species distribution, the topography and land cover within the ranges and surrounding areas. I evaluated the extent of mountain top extinctions for 172 bird species with restricted ranges in the northern Andes. I also considered how Colombia's protected Area Network represents species and sites that are vulnerable in the face of climate change.
More than 30% of the range of 21 of 46 amphibian species in the tropical Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is likely to become isolated as climate changes. More than 30% of the range of 13 amphibian species would shift to areas that currently are unlikely to sustain survival and reproduction. Combined, over 70% of the current range of 7 species would become thermally isolated or shift to areas that currently are unlikely to support survival and reproduction. The constraints on species' movements to higher elevations in response to climate change can increase considerably the number of species threatened by climate change in tropical mountains.
In the comparison of bird distributions in the Cerrros del Sira, in Peru, I found an average upward shift of 49 m for 55 bird species over a 41 year interval. This shift is significantly upward, but also significantly smaller than the 152 m one expects from warming in the region. The range shifts in elevation were similar across different trophic guilds. Endothermy may provide birds with some flexibility to temperature changes and allow them to move less than expected. Instead of being directly dependent on temperature, birds may be responding to gradual changes in the nature of the habitat or availability of food resources, and presence of competitors. If so, this has important implications for estimates of mountaintop extinctions from climate change.
The estimated number of mountain top extinctions from climate disruption in the northern Andes is low, both the absolute number (5 species) and the relative number (less than 0.5% of Colombian land birds). According to future climate predictions these extinctions will not likely occur in this century. The extent of species loss in the Andes is not predicted by absolute mountaintop extinctions modeled by the kind of processes most other studies use. Rather, it is highly contingent -- the species will survive or not depending on how well we protect their much reduced ranges from the variety of other threats.
Dissertation
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Flint, Matthew O. "A cognitive-motivational-relational examination of angry driving : applying Lazarus' model to a public health concern." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29435.
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Tseng, Kuo-Shu, and 曾國書. "A Study of the Consumer s’ Participation Motivations and Satisfaction at the GOLF Driving Ranges in Kaohsiung." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48683014993856969714.
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碩士高雄師範大學
體育學系
98
A Study of the Consumer s’ Participation Motivations and Satisfaction at the GOLF Driving Ranges in Kaohsiung Graduate：Tseng, Kuo-Shu Advisor：Dr. Huang, Mei-Jen Abstract The main purpose of this study was to probe the motivations and satisfaction of the consumers at the golf driving range in Kaohsiung. The measurements were made based on the questionnaire composed by the researcher. After analyzing the total effective copies of 415 questionnaires, all the results were as follows. 1.Overall, at the golf driving range, the male consumers outnumber the female ones. And those who took time to the driving ranges were mostly aged between thirty-one to forty. As far as the education background was concerned, those with college degree accounted for the largest percentage. Besides, on the occupation part, those who worked as a freelancer were the most likely to visit the driving range often. When it came to the income of the consumers, those who earned between 40,001 to 60,000 monthly took the lead. And for the marital status, those who were married outnumbered the single ones. 2.The consumers’ participating motivations at the driving ranges in Kaohsiung：The top two motivations that drove people to the golf driving range were the health and the need for fitness. Besides, the quest for accomplishment, the necessity of the social contact, and the necessity for knowledge ranked in order. 3.The consumers’ satisfaction at the driving ranges in Kaohsiung：Of the items that the consumers pointed out as the best part of the driving range, the view around the range and the nice golf course design ranked the top. The following items in order that the consumers felt satisfied were the qualities of the affiliated facilities, prices and services. 4.The consumers’ participation motivations were significant correlated with satisfaction. 5. The participation motivation predicted satisfaction. Key words：Participation motivations, Satisfaction
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Weng, Chia-Lun, and 翁嘉倫. "Wire Length Driven Flip-Chip Pin-Out Designation by Range Constrained Pin-Block Floorplanning in Package-Board Codesign." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00116203163626550252.
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碩士國立交通大學
電機學院IC設計產業專班
96
With the advanced fabrication technique developing rapidly, more and more circuits could be integrated in a single chip. This trend will cause the complication in package designs and signal interconnection. However, the typical peripheral wire-bond design may not be proper for use in some particular designs, flip-chip becomes a better choice. In flip-chip design, engineers generally arrange the ball chart in the manual manner on experience in package-board codesign. This process is iterative, time-consuming and it will lengthen the time-to-market~(TTM) of products. [1] proposed a method of generating the BGA ball chart automatically by pin-block design and floorplanning, thus helped engineers respin the ball chart slightly and saved the arranging time dramatically. In this thesis, we exhibit the procedure of accomplishing the method of~[1] and improve the flooplanner in~[1]. The proposed pin-block floorplanner designates pin-out for flip-chip BGA package by using the range constraints, and it is based on simulated annealing algorithm. We also develop a representation for this special floorplanning requirement. It not only has flexibility on specifying critical parameters of the pin configuration, but also guarantees the minimum package size. Experimental results show that improved pin-block floorplanner can perform a better pin assignment than that in~[1].
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Mfusi, Boikhutso Florencia. "The policing of road rage incidents in the Gauteng Province." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20281.
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This study followed a qualitative research approach, and semi-structured interviews regarding the subject matter were conducted with the knowledgeable and experienced respondents in the Gauteng traffic-related departments. A literature review was also conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research problem in both local and international context.
The research stresses the fact that motorists are continuing to lose their lives on Gauteng province, as a result of violent traffic disputes, therefore people suffer financial, physical, psychological as well as social effects as a consequence of such actions. The findings revealed that all the traffic stakeholders are working cooperatively towards implementing the crime prevention strategic plans, but for policing road rage in particular there is no specific strategy in action. In addition, this study reveals that it is impossible for the traffic police to curb road rage incidents because the latter occur as a result of unpredictable human behavior.Police Practice
M. Tech. (Policing)
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Garcia, Arredondo Mariela. "Root-Driven Weathering Impacts on Mineral-Organic Associations Over Pedogenic Time Scales." 2019. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/739.
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Plant roots are critical weathering agents in deep soils, yet the impact of resulting mineral transformations on the vast deep soil carbon (C) reservoir are largely unknown. Root-driven weathering of primary minerals may cause the formation of reactive secondary minerals, which protect mineral-organic associations (MOAs) for centuries or millennia. Conversely, root-driven weathering may also transform secondary minerals, potentially enhancing the bioavailability of C previously protected in MOAs. Here we examined the impact of root-driven weathering on MOAs and their capacity to store C over pedogenic time scales. I compared soil that experienced root-driven weathering, resulting in the formation of discrete rhizosphere zones in deep soil horizons (100-160 cm) of the Santa Cruz Marine Terrace chronosequence (65 ka-226 ka), with adjacent soil that experienced no root growth. Using a combination of radiocarbon, mass spectrometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray spectromicroscopy approaches, we characterized MOA transformations in relation to changes in C content, turnover and chemistry across four soils ranging in age (65 ka-226 ka). We found that the onset of root-driven weathering (65-90 ka) increased the amount of C associated with poorly crystalline iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) phases, particularly highly-disordered nano-goethite. The increase in C coincided with greater overall C concentrations, longer C residence times, and a greater abundance of microbially-derived C. Continued root-driven weathering (137-226 ka) did not significantly change the amount of C associated with crystalline Fe and Al phases, but resulted in a decline in the amount of C associated with poorly crystalline metal phases. This decline in C associated to poorly crystalline phases coincided with a decrease in C concentrations and potential turnover rates, and a shift toward plant-derived C. In contrast, soil not affected by root-driven weathering showed low amounts of C bound to poorly crystalline Fe and Al phases regardless of soil age and, correspondingly, lower C concentrations and estimated residence times. My results demonstrate that root-driven formation and disruption of poorly crystalline Fe and Al phases directly controls both C accrual and loss in deep soil. Hence root impacts on soil C storage are dependent on soil weathering stage, a consideration critical for predictions of the vulnerability of deep soil C to global change.
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(8102429), Xuedong Zhai. "MECHANICAL BEHAVIORS OF BIOMATERIALS OVER A WIDE RANGE OF LOADING RATES." Thesis, 2019.
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The mechanical behaviors of different kinds of biological tissues, including muscle tissues, cortical bones, cancellous bones and skulls, were studied under various loading conditions to investigate their strain-rate sensitivities and loading-direction dependencies. Specifically, the compressive mechanical behaviors of porcine muscle were studied at quasi-static (<1/s) and intermediate (1/s─10^2/s) strain rates. Both the compressive and tensile mechanical behaviors of human muscle were investigated at quasi-static and intermediate strain rates. The effect of strain-rate and loading-direction on the compressive mechanical behaviors of human frontal skulls, with its entire sandwich structure intact, were also studied at quasi-static, intermediate and high (10^2/s─10^3/s) strain rates. The fracture behaviors of porcine cortical bone and cancellous bone were investigated at both quasi-static (0.01mm/s) and dynamic (~6.1 m/s) loading rates, with the entire failure process visualized, in real-time, using the phase contrast imaging technique. Research effort was also focused on studying the dynamic fracture behaviors, in terms of fracture initiation toughness and crack-growth resistance curve (R-curve), of porcine cortical bone in three loading directions: in-plane transverse, out-of-plane transverse and in-plane longitudinal. A hydraulic material testing system (MTS) was used to load all the biological tissues at quasi-static and intermediate loading rates. Experiments at high loading rates were performed on regular or modified Kolsky bars. Tomography of bone specimens was also performed to help understand their microstructures and obtain the basic material properties before mechanical characterizations. Experimental results found that both porcine muscle and human muscle exhibited non-linear and strain-rate dependent mechanical behaviors in the range from quasi-static (10^(-2)/s─1/s) to intermediate (1/s─10^2/s) loading rates. The porcine muscle showed no significant difference in the stress-strain curve between the along-fiber and transverse-to-fiber orientation, while it was found the human muscle was stiffer and stronger along fiber direction in tension than transverse-to fiber direction in compression. The human frontal skulls exhibited a highly loading-direction dependent mechanical behavior: higher ultimate strength, with an increasing ratio of 2, and higher elastic modulus, with an increasing ratio of 3, were found in tangential loading direction when compared with those in the radial direction. A transition from quasi-ductile to brittle compressive mechanical behaviors of human frontal skulls was also observed as loading rate increased from quasi-static to dynamic, as the elastic modulus was increased by factors of 4 and 2.5 in the radial and tangential loading directions, respectively. Experimental results also suggested that the strength in the radial direction was mainly depended on the diploë porosity while the diploë layer ratio played the predominant role in the tangential direction. For the fracture behaviors of bones, straight-through crack paths were observed in both the in-plane longitudinal cortical bone specimens and cancellous bone specimens, while the cracks were highly tortuous in the in-plane transverse cortical bone specimens. Although the extent of toughening mechanisms at dynamic loading rate was comparatively diminished, crack deflections and twists at osteon cement lines were still observed in the transversely oriented cortical bone specimens at not only quasi-static loading rate but also dynamic loading rate. The locations of fracture initiations were found statistical independent on the bone type, while the propagation direction of incipient crack was significantly dependent on the loading direction in cortical bone and largely varied among different types of bones (cortical bone and cancellous bone). In addition, the crack propagation velocities were dependent on crack extension over the entire crack path for all the three loading directions while the initial velocity for in-plane direction was lower than the other two directions. Both the cortical bone and cancellous bone exhibited higher fracture initiation toughness and steeper R-curves at the quasi-static loading rate than the dynamic loading rate. For cortical bone at a dynamic loading rate (5.4 m/s), the R-curves were steepest, and the crack surfaces were most tortuous in the in-plane transverse direction while highly smooth crack paths and slowly growing R-curves were found in the in-plane longitudinal direction, suggesting an overall transition from brittle to ductile-like fracture behaviors as the osteon orientation varies from in-plane longitudinal to out-of-plane transverse, and to in-plane transverse eventually.