Dissertations / Theses: 'Driving under influence of Alcohol'

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Brabenec, Tomáš. "Did the alcohol prohibition reduce motor vehicle accidents related to alcohol?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264121.

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This paper tries to find out whether a short ban on sales of liquors reduced the harmful use of alcohol with respect to motor vehicle accidents. I make use of short (two weeks) alcohol prohibition which was imposed by the Ministry of Health Care in the Czech Republic in September 2012 aiming to stop the deadly wave of methanol poisoning. To estimate the effect of prohibition on the number of road traffic accidents, I exploit the methodology of differences-in-differences. I use daily data about traffic accidents from the Czech Republic (treatment group) and from neighboring countries such as Austria, Germany and Poland (control group). The result suggests that there is no significant drop in term of road traffic accidents.

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Hurst, Dianna. "The Effects of Gender on Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol Sentencing Disaprities in Pennsylvania." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/376.

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Differential sentencing has been a reoccurring issue in the judicial system for decades. Sentencing disparity occurs when similar offenders (similar in offense type, age, gender, ethnicity, and SES) receive different sentences or when different offenders receive the same sentence (Spohn, 2009). Prior studies find a sex effect,where women tend to be treated more leniently than men (e.g., Daly, 1987a). Sentencing discrepancies are evident in crimes that are considered to be gendered. Certain types of crimes are more likely to be committed by females and receive more lenient sanctions than if a male were to commit these types of crimes. These crimes include shoplifting, petty theft, and forgery. On the contrary, certain types of crimes are more likely to be committed by males and receive more harsh sentences than if a female were to commit them. These crimes include aggravated assault, burglary, and homicide. Driving under the influence of alcohol was chosen to study here because in instances of DUI, individuals are initially apprehended due to perceived behaviors behind the wheel, and officers are unaware if the driver is male or female. This study examines whether discrepancies exist in DUI case sentencing in the state of Pennsylvania. The bivariate analyses performed found significant associations between variables. The ANOVA depicted significant findings among men and women. Overall, women were more likely to be treated more leniently than similarly situated men. The crosstabulations also depicted significant findings for the effects of the mitigating and aggravating circumstances on the different types of sanctions. The presence of aggravating circumstances was associated with more severe types of sanctions, whereas the presence of mitigating circumstances was associated with less severe sanctions. The multivariate logistic regression models show that women were nine times more likely than men to receive a license suspension, and .3 times less likely to receive a jail sentence. These findings suggest that the Pennsylvania sentencing guidelines are not preventing disparities like they are supposed to. This indicates that legislative reform needs to occur in order to prevent disparities among individuals.

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Smith, Richard Milton. "Jury trials in misdemeanor cases of driving under the influence of alcohol a public policy consideration /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2002. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1414403.

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Brown, Katherine A. "A national study of the association between mothers against drunk driving and drunk-driving laws, driving-under-the-influence arrests and alcohol-related traffic fatalities." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1304090143.

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Brown, Katherine Ann. "A national study of the association between Mothers Against Drunk Driving and drunk-driving laws, driving-under-the-influence arrests and alcohol-related traffic fatalities /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486461246814652.

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Roberts, Walter. "DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES, DRIVING PERFORMANCE, AND ACUTE RESPONSES TO ALCOHOL IN DUI OFFENDERS." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/89.

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Alcohol-impaired driving is a major cause of motor vehicle accident and death in the United States. People who are arrested for DUI (Driving under the Influence) are at high risk to reoffend; approximately one in three of these individuals will commit another DUI offense in the three years following their first conviction (Nochajski & Stasiewicz, 2006). This high risk for recidivism in these individuals suggests that cognitive characteristics may contribute to a pattern of pathological decision making leading to impaired driving. Indeed, individuals with a history of DUI report higher rates of impulsiveness and behavioral dysregulation compared to their nonoffending peers. Relatively little research, however, has used laboratory methods to identify the specific behavioral characteristics, such as poor inhibitory control or heightened sensitivity to immediate reward, which may differentiate DUI offenders from nonoffenders. Further, little is known about how individuals with a history of DUI respond following an acute dose of alcohol. Study 1 examined impulsivity in 20 adults with a recent DUI conviction and 20 adults with no history of DUI using self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity. This study also used a novel decision-making paradigm to examine how different levels of risk and reward influenced the decision to drive after drinking in both groups. Results of this study found that DUI offenders did not differ from controls in their performance on behavioral measures of impulsivity. They did, however, report higher levels of impulsivity and demonstrated a greater willingness to tolerate higher levels of risk for more modest rewards. Study 2 examined the acute effects of alcohol and expectancy manipulation on driving performance and decision making in the same group of participants. Neither alcohol nor expectancy manipulation exerted a systematic effect on decision making in either group. Alcohol impaired driving performance equally in both groups, but the DUI group perceived themselves as less impaired by alcohol. Expectancy manipulation eliminated this group difference in perceived driving ability. Taken together, these findings identify processes that risk of impaired driving in DUI offenders. They may perceive themselves as less impaired by alcohol, leading to risky decision making when drinking. Expectancy manipulation may be a viable method of reducing risky decision making in DUI offenders.

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Parreira, Diana Isabel Soares. "Perfis de risco na condução de veículo em estado de embriaguez: um estudo exploratório sobre o Programa “taxa.zero”." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4807.

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Projecto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Criminologia
O consumo de álcool é um hábito comum em muitas sociedades, já que a sua compra e consumo são aprovados por lei. Todavia, a ingestão em excesso de bebidas alcoólicas pode provocar comportamentos inadequados, como a condução de veículo em estado de embriaguez, que por sua vez é considerado crime, previsto no atual Código Penal Português. Com isto, os serviços de reinserção social conceberam uma reposta técnica dirigida aos arguidos, condutores de veículo sob efeito de álcool, designada “taxa.zero”, na tentativa de diminuir a reincidência neste tipo de crime. Com o objetivo de “alertar” para este tipo de crime, abordar as circunstâncias da ocorrência do crime e a taxa de reincidência foi desenvolvido um estudo com o tema “Perfis de risco na condução de veículo em estado de embriaguez – Um estudo exploratório sobre o programa “taxa.zero”. Os dados para este estudo exploratório foram recolhidos na Equipa de Reinserção Social de Entre Douro e Vouga de Santa Maria da Feira, entre Abril e Maio de 2015, sendo utilizada uma metodologia quantitativa. A amostra foi constituída por 42 indivíduos que frequentaram o programa “taxa.zero” em 2013. Para a recolha da informação foi elaborada uma grelha de colheita de dados ad hoc. Após o tratamento dos dados, verificou-se que os arguidos são jovens, maioritariamente do sexo masculino, licenciados, todos pertencem ao distrito de Aveiro e onde ocorrem mais crimes é na cidade do Porto. Estes indivíduos não voltaram a cometer o mesmo crime, nem outro tipo de crime desde que frequentaram este programa. Pode-se concluir que este tipo de medidas alternativas à pena de prisão são bastante positivas e eficazes para o indivíduo, tendo como principal objetivo reduzir a reincidência criminal.
Alcohol consumption is a common habit in many societies since it's purchase and consumption is approved by law. However, excessive alcohol intake can result in inappropriate behavior, such as vehicle driving in a drunken state, which is considered a crime, under the current Portuguese Penal Code. With this, probation services have developed a technical response addressed to the defendants, vehicle drivers under the influence of alcohol, designated "Zero Tax" in an attempt to reduce recidivism in this type of crime. In order to "alert" for this type of crime, address the circumstances of the crime and the recidivism rate, a study was developed with the theme "Risk Profiles in vehicle driving while intoxicated - An exploratory study on the program "Zero Tax". Data for this study were collected in the Social Reintegration Team of Entre Douro and Vouga of Santa Maria da Feira, using a quantitative methodology. The sample for the study consists of 42 individuals, who frequented the program "Zero Tax" in 2013.For the collection of the information a ad hoc data collection grid was prepared. After processing the data, it was found that the defendants are young, mostly male, graduated, all belong to the district of Aveiro and the majority of crimes occur in the city of Porto. These individuals did not commit the same crime or other type of crime since they attended this program. It can be concluded that this type of alternative measures to imprisonment are quite positive and effective for the individual, with the main objective to reduce recidivism.

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Jornet, Gibert Montsant. "Conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol: el paper de la personalitat i la Teoria de la Conducta Planificada = Driving under the influence of alcohol: the role of personality and the Theory of Planned Behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666371.

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La conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol és un dels principals factors de risc de la sinistralitat viària. Malgrat els esforços de governs i institucions per reduir les xifres de sinistralitat, el nombre d’accidents de trànsit relacionats amb el consum d’alcohol s’ha mantingut estable en els darrers anys. La reforma del Codi Penal en matèria de trànsit del 2007 ha suposat un increment dels penats per conducció temerària. La conducció sota la influència de begudes alcohòliques representa aproximadament el 50% de les condemnes per delictes contra la seguretat del trànsit. Conèixer quines són les característiques psicològiques més rellevants relacionades amb aquest delicte suposaria un pas endavant en la prevenció i la intervenció en seguretat viària, i facilitaria el disseny d’estratègies enfocades a prevenir aquesta conducta i la reincidència delictiva. Aquesta tesi s’estructura en dos grans objectius, que es desenvolupen en els estudis 1 i 2. L’estudi 1 pretén identificar els factors de risc de la conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol, i conèixer quines són les característiques psicològiques dels penats per aquest delicte. En aquest estudi comparem les característiques de personalitat i actitudinals d’un grup de penats per conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol i un grup de conductors control. Una anàlisi descriptiva dels resultats no revela diferències significatives entre els dos grups en cap de les dimensions de personalitat avaluades, mentre que el grup de penats mostra més actituds antisocials. Malgrat això, els resultats de l’anàlisi de regressió indiquen que la conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol es relaciona amb un alt neuroticisme, baixes puntuacions en responsabilitat i fortes actituds antisocials. Els resultats d’aquest estudi mostren una alta coincidència entre el perfil psicològic de la conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol, la conducta antisocial general, i l’abús d’alcohol. Aquests resultats s’haurien de tenir en compte en el desenvolupament de programes de prevenció, identificant aquells conductors amb un major risc de conduir sota els efectes de l’alcohol, així com aquells perfils amb una major resistència al canvi. D’altra banda, les actituds antisocials són un bon target a tenir en compte en els programes d’intervenció en conductors penats per conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol. L’estudi 2 té com a objectiu avaluar la utilitat de la Teoria de la Conducta Planificada (TPB) per a predir intenció de conduir sota els efectes de l’alcohol. La TPB és un model àmpliament utilitzat en la recerca de la conducció de risc. En aquest estudi ens proposem posar a prova la TPB per a predir intenció de conduir havent begut en un grup de penats per conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol complint una pena de presó, un grup de penats per conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol complint una pena substitutiva a la presó, i un grup de conductors control. D’altra banda, ens proposem millorar aquest model incloent aquelles variables de personalitat i actitudinals que s’han relacionat amb la conducta antisocial i la conducció de risc. Els resultats d’aquest estudi mostren que els components de la TPB són capaços d’explicar entre un 20% i un 57% de la variància en intenció de conduir sota els efectes de l’alcohol, en línia amb els resultats d’altres estudis amb característiques similars. El component amb una major influència en la intenció és el control conductual percebut. La personalitat no representa una aportació rellevant en el model. Aquests resultats posen de manifest la necessitat d’incloure el control percebut dels conductors en les intervencions centrades en evitar la conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol. També, suggereixen que la intenció de conduir sota els efectes de l’alcohol no està influïda directament per característiques de personalitat concretes, i obren noves línies de recerca centrades en explorar els mecanismes pels quals la personalitat influeix en la conducció sota els efectes de l’alcohol.
Driving under the influence of alcohol is one of the main risks of road accidents. Knowing which are the most relevant psychological characteristics related to this crime would be a step forward in the prevention and intervention in traffic safety, and would help in the design of strategies aiming to prevent this behaviour and the recidivism. This thesis is structured in two main objectives, which are developed in studies 1 and 2. Study 1 aims to identify the risk factors for driving under the influence of alcohol, and to determine the psychological characteristics of those who have been convicted for this crime. In this study we compare personality and attitudes of a group of DUI (driving under the influence of alcohol) offenders and a group of control drivers. A descriptive analysis does not show significant differences between the two groups in any of the personality dimensions, while offenders show more antisocial attitudes. However, results of the regression analysis indicate that driving under the influence of alcohol is related to a high neuroticism, low scores in conscientiousness and strong antisocial attitudes. Study 2 aims to evaluate the usefulness of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict the intention to drive under the influence of alcohol. Our aim is to test the TPB to predict drunk driving intention in a group of DUI offenders serving a prison sentence, a group of drivers following a diversion programme as an alternative sanction for a DUI offense, and a group of control drivers. On the other hand, we aimed to improve the TPB model, including those personality and attitudinal variables that have been linked to antisocial behaviour and risky driving. Results of this study show that the TPB components are capable of explaining between 20% and 57% of the variance in intention to drive under the influence of alcohol, in line with the results of other studies with similar characteristics. The component with a greater influence on intention is perceived behavioural control. Personality does not represent a significant contribution to the models. The final part discusses the implications of these findings in the design and improvement of targeted programmes focused on preventing drunk driving and intervention programmes for DUI offenders.

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Scott, Franklyn Johnson. "Exploring Punishment for Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) and Driving Under Influence (DUI) Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/554.

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Drinking and driving has been the focus of research since the 1960s, but researchers have not defined the meaning of punishment for offenders who continue to drink and drive. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of punishment on driving while intoxicated (DWI) and driving under the influence (DUI) defendants to assess the likelihood of preventing subsequent offenses. This study also sought to describe the behaviors of defendants who are perpetrating multiple offenses. The protection motivation theory was the theoretical foundation of this qualitative case study. The sample included a diverse group of 16 men between the ages of 21 and 35 who were recruited via a flyer in traffic court. Participants were interviewed, and interview data were transcribed verbatim and then coded for themes relating to punishments and DWI/DUIs. Initial interpretations were subjected to member checking for greater trustworthiness of the final report. The results of this study showed that the participants accepted responsibility for the frequent behaviors of drinking and driving and for being too intoxicated to make the decision to drive prior to their arrest. The results of the analyses indicated that the participants responded well to the punishment and opted to change their behaviors. Allowing offenders to describe and own their behaviors could positively create social change in these individuals, thus preventing them from incurring future DWI and DUI arrest.

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Miller, Barbara Elaine. "Women under the influence: Stressors which increase alcohol consumption." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/887.

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O'Connor, Candace Sharon. "Thermoregulation in Mice under the Influence of Ethanol." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1181.

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Thermoregulation after acute ethanol, during chronic exposure and during withdrawal from ethanol dependency was studied using genetically heterogeneous (HS) mice, and lines of mice selected in replicate for smaller (HOT1, HOT2) or greater (COLD1, COLD2) decline in rectal temperature (Tre ) after intraperitoneal ethanol. First, HS mice were injected with 20% ethanol in 0.9% NaCI, or NaCI alone during sessions of behavioral thermoregulation in individual temperature gradients (9-38°C). Internal temperature (Tj ) was monitored with implanted telemetry devices. An imaging system recorded selected temperature (Tsel ) within the gradient every 5 sec. Acute 2.25 and 2.60 g ethanol/kg produced significantly lower Tj than NaCI. 2.60 g/kg also produced significantly lower Tsel than 2.25 g/kg or NaCI. 2.75 g/kg and above incapacitated mice. Comparison of responses using a thermoregulatory index indicated 2.25 or 2.60 g/kg decreased the regulated temperature. Similar methodology was followed using the selected lines and 10% ethanol (2.0, 2.25, 2.65 g/kg to COLD mice; 2.65, 2.85 g/kg to HOT mice; 3.0 g/kg to HOT2 mice) or NaCI. All responded similarly to NaCl, with transient rise in Tj After an effective ethanol dose mice manifested a regulated decrease in Tj by lowering Tsel concomitant with falling Tj . In both replicate pairs COLD mice were more sensitive than HOT, indicating that a true difference in the CNS regulator of body temperature was selected for in these animals. Photoperiod effect was characterized by quantifying thermoregulatory behavior of COLD2 mice after acute 2.60 g 7.5% ethanol/kg or NaCl, at 0400 , 0800 , 1200, 1600 , 2000 and 2400 hours , using above methodology. Baseline T₁ was significantly lower during hours of light, than during darkness. Photoperiod had little effect on thermoregulatory response to ethanol, possibly because of arousal associated with experiments. Thermoregulatory tolerance to ethanol was investigated using HS mice implanted with telemetry devices and monitored in the gradient on days 1, 2, 4, 7 and 11 of 11 consecutive days of 10% ethanol (2.75 g/kg) or NaCl injections. Dispositional, rapid and chronic tolerance developed, indicating that functional tolerance is a regulated phenomenon in mice. In a separate experiment HS mice were implanted with telemetry devices and injected with ethanol for 11 consecutive days at constant temperature; dispositional but not functional tolerance developed. To characterize thermoregulation during withdrawal, HS mice were made dependent upon ethanol using a vapor chamber; T; Tsel and activity were monitored in the gradient until 26 hours post withdrawal. Withdrawing mice showed unaltered regulated temperature, but lower Tsel than controls. This suggested increased metabolic heat production. Thermoregulation during withdrawal was similarly studied using the selected mouse lines. COLD mice responded like HS mice. Withdrawing HOT1 mice were more active than controls; withdrawing HOT2 mice showed lowest Tsel of any genotype but maintained Ti above controls. These results suggest a more severe withdrawal reaction in HOT, than in COLD mice. To investigate a possible mechanism underlying ethanol hypothermia, responses of HOT and COLD mice to intracerebroventricular serotonin were characterized. Dose-dependent decreases in Tre were measured in mice equipped with indwelling brain cannulae and held at constant temperature after injection of 0.3, 0.8, 2.0, 5.0 or 11.0 μg serotonin into the lateral brain ventricle. COLD mice were significantly more sensitive than HOT mice. Subsequently HOT1 and COLD1 mice were equipped with brain cannulae and implanted telemetry devices; thermoregulatory behavior after 11.0 μg serotonin was monitored. Both genotypes lowered Tj significantly more in the gradient than did similar mice at constant ambient temperature, indicating that decline in Tj after serotonin was a regulated phenomenon. The serotonergic system was altered during selection for differential Tre response to ethanol, indicating a role for serotonin in mediating ethanol hypothermia.

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Andera, Jan. "Driving under the influence : strategic trade policy and market integration in the European car industry /." Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell International, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/541562681.pdf.

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Clary, Andrew. "Driving Under the Influence of Ads: The Relationship between Roadside Advertising and Traffic Accidents in Massachusetts." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1374.

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My study offers a strategy to examine the effects of outdoor advertising on traffic safety. Innovations in the out-of-home advertising industry suggest the potential for outdoor advertising to increase driver distraction and therefore vehicle accident rates. Moreover, city planners need to understand how sign-free zones perform relativecompared to other areas and whether there is a safety rather conservational or aesthetic motivation for such planned zones. In addressing these issues, the present study uses panel data collected from the Massachusetts Departments of Transportation and Revenue and the American Community Survey on cities and towns in Massachusetts from 2008 to 2012 to assess whether off-premise advertising displays have a significant impact on vehicle accident rates. Ultimately, this study finds no evidence that sign density, or the number of signs per road mile, consistently impacts accident rates. However, the presence of signs in general significantly and adversely affects traffic safety, increasing collision rates. While this detected effect may be causal, it may also be indicative of differences in city-specific policies and environmental circumstances across Massachusetts cities with and without off-premise advertising signs.

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Freydier, Chloé. "Attention divisée en simulation de conduite automobile : Influence de l’expérience et Impact de l’alcool." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3043/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer l'impact de la distraction du conducteur et de la consommation d'alcool, ainsi que leurs interactions, sur les performances des conducteurs novices. Des mesures subjectives des comportements à risques et des performances objectives sur simulateur de conduite sont recueillies. Une première expérience étudie les déterminants psycho-sociaux de la prise de risque et le type de comportements à risques rapportés par les jeunes conducteurs. La seconde expérience s'intéresse aux performances lors d'une tâche d'attention divisée sur simulateur de conduite en fonction de l'expérience, de l'âge et du type d'apprentissage suivi. Enfin, la troisième expérimentation a pour objectif d'étudier l'impact de faible et forte dose d'alcool sur les performances de jeunes conducteurs, novices et expérimentés, lors d'une tâche d'attention divisée. Ces recherches permettent d'approfondir nos connaissances sur les mécanismes d'actions de la distraction et de l'alcool sur les performances du conducteur, en particulier des novices
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of driver distraction by a secondary task, alcohol consumption and their interaction on performance depending on driving experience. Objective and subjective measures are recorded. The first experience studies the determinants of risk-taking and the kind of risky driving behaviour recalled by young drivers. Differences depending on driving experience, sex, and initial training show an increment of driving risk-taking for young drivers with 3 years of driving experience and with traditional training. The aim of the second experiment is to study the effects of a divided attention task on performance depending on driving experience, age and initial training. Novice drivers have more difficulties to divide their attention between two tasks than experienced drivers, notably when one of these tasks is complex or located in peripheral vision. The third experiment studies the negative impact of alcohol (low and high doses) on young drivers' performances, novice and experienced, during a divided attention task. The classical detriment effect of alcohol on driving performance is replicated, and this effect is more pronounced for novice drivers who adopt a risky driving behaviour under the influence of alcohol, even with a low dose of alcohol. This research improves our fundamental knowledge on how distraction and alcohol impair drivers' performance, notably when they are novice

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Parra, López Guillermo. "Disorderly speech in audiovisual fiction and its translation : portrayals of characters under the influence of alcohol and drugs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668236.

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Much research has been conducted on language variation and marked speech in its various forms, such as dialects, registers, and styles. There is one variety, however, which seems to have been broadly overlooked in translation studies to date, and which I call disorderly speech. The concept arises from the need to account for a very particular, and unexplored, phenomenon which is widespread in audiovisual fiction: the effect of drugs or alcohol consumption on a character’s linguistic output. This thesis focuses on the analysis of English-language films and their dubbed and subtitled versions into Spanish. It uses a descriptive approach to identify and compare markers of disorderly speech at all linguistic levels in both the source texts and their translations. Since there is no specific theory for this phenomenon, it is addressed by combining different perspectives, such as fictional orality, language variation, style, and L3 and multilingualism.
Mucho se ha dicho sobre el lenguaje marcado en sus múltiples formas, como dialectos, registros o estilos, pero hay una variedad que se ha pasado por alto hasta ahora en los estudios de traducción, a la que denomino lenguaje alterado. Este concepto surge de la necesidad de explicar un fenómeno muy extendido en la ficción audiovisual: el efecto del consumo de drogas o alcohol en la producción lingüística de los personajes. Esta tesis se centra en el análisis de películas de habla inglesa y de sus versiones dobladas y subtituladas al español. Se sigue un enfoque descriptivo para identificar y comparar los marcadores del lenguaje alterado a todos los niveles lingüísticos, tanto en los textos de partida como en las traducciones. Dado que no existe una teoría específica para este fenómeno, se aborda combinando diferentes perspectivas, como la oralidad fingida, la variación lingüística, el estilo y la L3 y el multilingüismo.
Molt s’ha dit sobre el llenguatge marcat en les seves múltiples formes, com dialectes, registres o estils, però hi ha una varietat que s’ha passat per alt fins ara en els estudis de traducció, la qual denomino llenguatge alterat. Aquest concepte sorgeix de la necessitat d’explicar un fenomen molt estès en la ficció audiovisual: l’efecte del consum de drogues o alcohol en la producció lingüística dels personatges. Aquesta tesi se centra en l’anàlisi de pel·lícules de parla anglesa i de les seves versions doblades i subtitulades a l’espanyol. Se segueix un enfocament descriptiu per identificar i comparar els marcadors del llenguatge alterat a tots els nivells lingüístics, tant en els textos de partida com en les traduccions. Atès que no existeix una teoria específica per a aquest fenomen, s’aborda combinant diferent perspectives, com l’oralitat fingida, la variació lingüística, l’estil i l’L3 i el multilingüisme.

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O'Toole, Dennis Michael. "Crime under the influence : the effects of alcohol intoxication during a crime on subsequent physiological detection of deception." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29043.

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Eighty male undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of five groups in an analogue investigation of crime-intoxication on the physiological detection of deception. Sixty-four of the subjects committed a mock crime and half of these were legally intoxicated during the crime. Sixteen subjects committed no crime and served as innocent controls. Results only partially replicated those of Bradley and Ainsworth (1984). Whereas they found crime-intoxication diminished the effectiveness of both the control question test (CQT) and the guilty knowledge test (GKT), the present study found crime-intoxication diminished the accuracy of the CQT only for certain subjects; those who reported high subjective arousal during the crime. Results showed no alcohol effect on the GKT. In light of their results Bradley and Ainsworth suggested that alcohol may act through emotional or memory processes important to polygraphic examination. In a fully factorial design, the present study investigated the effects of threat during the crime and memory for crime details on polygraph outcome. As well, the effect of alcohol on these "emotion" and memory variables was examined. Memory was found to be an important variable in GKT accuracy but not important to CQT accuracy. Threat, as operationalized for the present investigation, had no effect on either the CQT or the GKT but a component of the threat variable, subjective arousal, was found to affect GKT accuracy but not that of the CQT. Raskin's (1979) two-response model of detection of deception is used to explain the results of this study although the relationship of subjective arousal to polygraph outcome is unclear and requires examination in future studies.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

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Bronaugh, Louise J. "Driving under the influence of positive behavior support : a behavior management program for students who ride the school bus /." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8161.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-104). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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Van, Vuuren Casper Hendrik. "The influence of existential group counselling on the purpose in life, self-esteem and alcohol outcome expectancies of under-graduate students." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1272.

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Berge, Christine Marie. "The Effects of the DUI 24/7 Program in Cass County, North Dakota." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31548.

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This study presents the results of an evaluation of the 24/7 Sobriety Program in Cass County, North Dakota, looking specifically at participants? likelihood of receiving a conviction of Driving Under the Influence (DUI) both during and after exiting the program. Data was collected of participants who have been enrolled in the program from the start of the program in 2010 through 2018 and matched to public criminal records searches of each participant. Several analyses were run to determine whether substance choice (alcohol vs. drugs), gender (male vs. female), and duration in program influence a participant?s likelihood to recidivate. Findings for each measure are presented including potential changes that could be made, as well as, limitations of the study.

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20

Hamdan, Huda. "Racial/Ethnic Differences in Fatality Rates from Motor Vehicle Crashes: An Analysis from a Behavioral and Cultural Perspective." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2984.

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Ethnic/racial minorities in the United States are overrepresented in fatalities from motor vehicle crashes (MVC). Growing evidence indicates that there are differences among racial/ethnic groups in risk of involvement in fatal crashes. Based on previous research, numerous factors may be involved in high racial/ethnic fatality rates from MVCs, including failure to use safety equipment, driving while under the influence of alcohol/drug, red light running, and speeding. Using data from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) and the FR300P Police Crash Report, this project explores differences in variables associated with traffic safety behavior and traffic law obedience between non-White and White road users (drivers, passengers, and pedestrians). Results indicate that there is a significant association between race/ethnicity and driving while under the influence of alcohol/drugs (DUI). Those endeavoring to develop more effective traffic safety prevention and education programs may consider the effect of social/cultural factors in future efforts.

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Rupšienė, Diana. "Nušalinimo ar atleidimo iš darbo teisiniai aspektai, kai darbuotojas yra neblaivus." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090728_151914-35485.

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Nušalinimo ar atleidimo iš darbo teisiniai aspektai, kai darbuotojas darbe yra neblaivus aktualūs daugeliui darbdavių. Įstatymai įpareigoja darbdavį kontroliuoti, kad darbuotojas nedirbtų neblaivus. Savo ruožtu darbuotojas taip pat turi žinoti kokios pasekmės gali kilti jeigu jis darbo metu darbe vartoja alkoholį. Pats faktas, kad darbuotojas darbe buvo neblaivus, suteikia darbdaviui teisę ne tik nušalinti darbuotoją nuo darbo, bet ir nutraukti su juo darbo sutartį. Darbuotojui teisinė atsakomybė taikytina, kai jo neblaivumas ar apsvaigimas konstatuojamas darbo metu. Ir nesvarbu, ar tai būtų darbo dienos pradžioje, po pietų pertraukos ar darbo dienos pabaigoje. Darbuotojo buvimas darbo metu darbe neblaivaus gali būti vertinamas šiurkščiu darbo pareigų pažeidimu. Ši aplinkybė turi būti nustatoma pagal tokias aplinkybes: darbuotojo neblaivumo faktą; darbuotojo buvimo darbe faktą, t.y. buvimą darbovietėje, darbo vietoje ar kitoje vietoje, kur darbuotojas turi būti atlikdamas darbo pareigas ar vykdyti darbdavio užduotis; buvimo darbo metu faktą, tai reiškia asmens buvimą darbe tuo metu, kai jis turi atlikti darbo pareigas ar vykdyti darbdavio užduotis. Kai darbuotojas dėl nušalinimo nuo darbo ar atleidimo iš jo kreipiasi į teismą, darbdaviui išlieka pareiga įrodyti teismui, kad darbuotojas nušalintas nuo darbo arba atleistas iš jo pagrįstai ir teisėtai. Darbuotojo neblaivumo darbo metu darbe faktas, sudarantis pagrindą nutraukti darbo sutartį gali būti patvirtinamas visais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This article focuses on the issue if an employee comes to work intoxicated with alcohol an employer shall not allow him working on that day and shall suspend his wage. Also an employment contract must be terminated without notice in the following cases: an employer shall be entitled to terminate an employment contract without giving an employee prior notice if during the working time, the employee is under the influence of alcohol with the exception of cases where intoxication was caused by the industrial processes at the enterprise. Description and analysis of Lithuanian legal situation was chosen as the metods to examine the current problems. Author examines statutes and precedens regulating the using of alcohol during the working time. The most urgent problems are examined in detail. These are the correct procedure of suspension from work and the indication of circumstances, grounds and evidence on which the termination of an employment contract are based. Work must be organised in compliance with the requirements laid down in regulatory acts on safety and health at work. An employer shall monitor if the employee during the working time is under the influence of alcohol or not. A gross breach of work duties shall involve: where, during the working time, the employee is under the influence of alcohol. It does not mater when the employee will be under the influence of alcohol – at the beginning, at the middle or at the end of the working time. If the employer wants to... [to full text]

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Hake, Mark Lewn. "Marijuana Legalization and Traffic Fatalities Involving Cannabinoids." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6330.

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Washington State and Colorado were the first states to legalize recreational marijuana. According to the Washington Traffic Safety Commission, the number of drivers who tested positive for marijuana in traffic fatalities increased 48% from 2013 to 2014, and marijuana legalization may have influenced this increase. Since marijuana legalization is new to the United States, the effects of this change in policy are untested in the literature. The purpose of this quantitative study using a regression point displacement design was to examine the relationship between traffic fatalities involving cannabinoids in Washington State before and after marijuana legalization. Rational choice theory and perceptual deterrence theory provided the framework for the study. Existing state level data of traffic fatalities from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System were analyzed using regression point displacement. Pre and post legalization Washington state fatalities were compared against 43 control groups where marijuana has not been legalized for recreational use. Results from ANCOVA analysis indicated no statistical difference between Washington State and other nonlegalized states in traffic fatalities involving cannabinoids. This is one of the first studies exploring the effects of marijuana legalization on public safety. These results suggest marijuana legalization may not contribute to the increase in traffic fatalities. Findings may provide legislators and traffic safety stakeholders with information in creating legislation legalizing marijuana as well as strategy and a research agenda to address traffic fatalities.

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Faller, Sibele. "Psicopatologia e comportamento de risco em motoristas no Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24270.

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Objetivo: A principal finalidade desse estudo foi verificar a diferença entre dois grupos de motoristas – aqueles que apresentaram alcoolemia positiva medida através de etilômetro e/ou uso prévio de outras SPAs, averiguado através de exame de saliva, e aqueles que não apresentaram – em relação a comportamentos de risco, transtorno depressivo maior, mania e hipomania, TEPT, e TPAS, assim como abuso ou dependência de SPAs. Método: Em um estudo transversal, 1.134 motoristas que dirigiam em rodovias federais brasileiras foram avaliados através de etilômetro para verificar alcoolemia e teste de saliva para verificar a presença de drogas. Posteriormente, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas, foram avaliados em relação a transtornos psiquiátricos e comportamentos de risco. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos (motoristas com resultados positivos para uso de substâncias (n=82) e motoristas com resultados negativos (n=1052)). Os resultados foram comparados com o teste qui-quadrado e com análise de regressão logística. Em relação aos comportamentos de risco, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de motoristas. Resultados: Motoristas que apresentaram uso de SPAs apresentaram maior prevalência de diagnósticos psiquiátricos como depressão (21,8%), mania/hipomania (20,8%), TEPT (10,7%), TPAS (9,0%), abuso de substâncias (24,5%) quando comparados com outros motoristas (5,8%, 7,1%, 0,4%, 1,2% e 2,8%, respectivamente). Participantes com algum diagnóstico psiquiátrico tinham 4,47 mais chance de apresentar o desfecho. Aqueles com dependência/abuso de alguma SPA tinham 5,47 mais chance de dirigir sob influência de álcool ou drogas. Conclusões: Indivíduos que dirigem sob influência de álcool e/ou outras drogas podem precisar de avaliações e intervenções destinadas para transtornos psiquiátricos específicos. Esses resultados poderão servir como base ao desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Transtornos psiquiátricos, comportamentos de risco, álcool, substâncias psicoativas, dirigir sob influência de substâncias.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the difference between two groups of drivers – drivers who, on recruitment of the sample, showed blood alcohol content recorded by breathalyzer and previous use of other psychoactive substances examined through saliva test and those who didn’t drive under the influence – regarding risky behaviors, major depression disorder, mania and hypomania, PTSD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), as well as substances abuse or dependence. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 1,134 individuals driving on federal highways in Brazilian cities took alcohol breathalyzer tests and drug saliva tests and were evaluated, thru telephonic interview, regarding psychiatric disorders and risky behaviors. Participants were divided into two groups (drivers who tested positive for substances (n=82) and those who did not (n=1052)). Data were compared by the Chisquare test and with a logistic regression model. Results: Substance positive drivers reported a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses like depression (21.8%), mania/hypomania (20.8%), post traumatic stress disorder (10.7%), antisocial personality (9.0%), substance use (24.5%) when compared to other drivers (5.8%, 7.1%, 0.4%, 1.2% and 2.8%, respectively). Participants with a psychiatric symptom were 4.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. Similarly, participants with a substance use disorder were 5.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. There were no significant differences between the groups of drivers, related to risky behaviors. Conclusion: Individuals who drive under the influence of drugs and alcohol may need assessments and interventions targeted to specific psychiatric disorders. These results will inform the development of public policies in Brazil.

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Lin, Kuan-Hua, and 林冠樺. "Design of an Embedded System for Avoiding Driving under Alcohol Influence (DAI)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02863810945660353253.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
101
Among various physical signal measuring methods, measure and analysis of Physiological Electrical Signal have been valued and referential for clinical experiments. Especially, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is gradually getting attentions. This study proposes a system to test if experimental subjects drink alcoholic beverages by Electrocardiogram (ECG), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), and Pulse. The experiment aims to analyze Time domain and Frequency domain of HRV. In Time domain, the data indicates that the features of Mean, SDNN, and RMSSD are smaller under drinking condition, while the features of Frequency domain are within low frequency range. The consequence is caused by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system of human body which is different from the values under normal condition and emotional state. Therefore, it proves that the uniqueness of alcohol affects physical signals of human body. Additionally, we use Hilbert Transformation to get the values of R-R interval, BVP Peak waveform, and Pulse Peak waveform by extracting peak value from the categories of ECG, BVP, and Pulse, and classify these data by SVM classifier. The accuracy of classified result is up to 85%.

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Chou, Kuan-YU, and 周冠佑. "The Research Of The Criminal Policy On Driving Under Influence Of Alcohol." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43934471474941625687.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
科技法律研究所
103
Our government had proposed stiffening the penalties against the drunk driving in recent years, coupled with the recent occurrence of drunk driving accidents killed female hospital doctors, university student. According to the latest 185-3 of the Criminal Code adopted by amending the law , the drunk driver who contained breathing alcohol concentration of 0.25 milligrams per liter or blood alcohol concentration of more than 0.05% is the crime of a public danger. On the basis of National Police Agency data, weight 60 kg adult driver, who drinks three bottles of 0.33 liters of canned beer vials will prosecute the crime of public danger. As a Police officer, prevention of drunk driving problem seems not just rely on a large number of police ban and blindly increase the penalties for drunk driving fines, penalties, necessary to further investigate whether the driver of drunk driving after being punished really be change their driving behavior. Besides, it is an important issue for us to find out how the alcohol affects the drunk driver's physiological, psychological and mental state . Drunk driving is the highest death rate in traffic accident types. It’s a motivation for me to investigate how to reduce the social costs by drunk driving, and effectively reduce drunk driving accident speculative, preventing the generation of miserable families.

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Wang, Chia-Lin, and 王家麟. "Assessing and Comparing the Effects of Appropriate Penalties on Accident from Driving under the Influence of Alcohol." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rt697c.

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碩士
逢甲大學
交通工程與管理所
91
Drinking to have social intercourse is one of Taiwan’s business customs, and the habitual behavior of drinking in Taiwan is totally different from those of other countries. Driving under the influence is the main cause of traffic accidents whose consequences are serious and have to be discussed. In order to assess and compare the effects of appropriate penalties and factors (including age, gender, education, class of vehicle, times of day, and types of road) on accident from driving under the influence of alcohol, this thesis collects accident data during recent two and half years in authenticated organization from March, 2000. Multinomial logit models are used for analyzing the effects of appropriate penalties on each accident resulting from different degree of drinking (including non-drinking). Besides, this study uses several models such as accelerated failure time model, Cox’s PH model, and dynamic model of Survival theory in dealing with time intervals between driving accidents with same level of drinking. The results show that, compared with the undeclared, declared penalty within six months in January, 2001 increases the probability of driving accidents under the higher influence of alcohol（higher DUI accidents, BAC≧0.55mg/L）. Putting the penalty into practice in June, 2001 decreases the probability of higher DUI accidents and lower DUI （0.02mg/L≦BAC≦0.55mg/L）accidents. Male, nighttime, and 41-50 years of ages increase the probability of higher DUI accidents. Male, sedan, and 21-30 years of ages increase the probability of lower DUI accidents. Daytime, college and above degrees, normal signalized intersections, flashing signalized intersections, and un-signalized intersections decrease the probability of higher DUI accidents. Daytime, college and above degrees, and un-signalized intersections decrease the probability of lower DUI accidents.This research reveals the same tendency between multinomial logit models and models of survival theory. Dynamic models interpret better than non-dynamic models.

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Averill, Farah. "Contingency Management and Brief Motivational Interviewing Interventions for Impaired Driving Offenders." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20610.

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Mikuš, Michal. "Přiměřenost trestní sankce: Komparace trestání dopravních trestných činů a přiléhajících dopravních přestupků spáchaných pod vlivem návykových látek v České a Slovenské republice." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316490.

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Adequacy of penal sanction: Comparison of punishing traffic criminal offences and decumbent traffic administrative offences committed under influence of addictive substances in Czech and Slovak republic. Master's Thesis Michal Mikuš Summary. This thesis makes survey on a punishing adequacy of traffic offences committed under influence of alcohol and the other addictive substances. The theoretical basis, that knowledge is necessary prerequisite for reviewing punishing adequacy, like theories of punishment, purpose of punishment and a principle of adequacy, are in the theoretical part of the thesis. In the special part of the thesis is comparison of valid and effective law in the Czech and Slovak Republic. The practical part of the thesis is composed of an analysis of decisions delivered by the County Traffic Inspectorate Banská Bystrica, County Traffic Inspectorate Bratislava I., Banská Bystrica County Court, Bratislava I. County Court, City Hall of Zlín, City Hall of Prague, Zlín County Court and the Prague 2 Circuit Court. The analysis is composed not only of punishment adequacy review, but also of the all substantive and procedural deficiencies, that occurred in the decisions of particular state's body. At the end is provided comparison of analysis outcomes, which stemmed from decisions of national...

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Fortin, Marie-Claude. "Prévention de la récidive et non-adhérence aux programmes d'intervention obligatoires chez les contrevenants de la conduite avec facultés affaiblies par l'alcool." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6372.

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Maldonado, Bouchard Sioui. "Capacité en matière de prise de décisions chez des récidivistes de conduite avec capacités affaiblies par l’alcool." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5035.

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Objectifs : La capacité en matière de prise de décisions des récidivistes de conduite avec capacités affaiblies (CCA) semble les distinguer des non-contrevenants, particulièrement dans des situations ambiguës à haut risque, telles que la CCA. Cette étude exploratoire vise à vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle les récidivistes de CCA (R) auraient une moins bonne capacité de prise de décisions et une plus faible réponse de conductibilité électrodermale par anticipation à la tâche Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) que les non-contrevenants (C). Méthode : Vingt-trois récidivistes et 24 non-contrevenants ont été recrutés. Leur âge moyen (± É.T.) était 44.17(10.03) et 37.29 (10.60) ans respectivement. Les participants devaient être âgés de 18 ans ou plus, et avoir eu deux condamnations pour CCA ou plus pour le groupe R, et zéro CCA et un permis de conduire pour le groupe C. Les participants ont effectué I’IGT, une tâche neurocognitive de prise de décisions comprenant 100 sélections de cartes divisées en cinq blocs pour les analyses. On a comparé la performance du groupe R versus le groupe C à l’aide d’une ANOVA à mesures répétées [2 (groupe) x 5 (blocs)]. On a évalué la performance durant les blocs 1 & 2 (décisions dans l’ambiguïté) et blocs 3-5 (décisions sous haut risque) en utilisant des tests t post-hoc. Finalement, on a mesuré leur réponse de conductibilité électrodermale (RCEA) durant l’IGT. Résultats : L’ANOVA à mesures répétées des blocs 1 à 5 a révélé un effet significatif de l’interaction groupe par bloc, F(1,45)=5.28, p=.03, état carré =.11. Les tests t post hoc ont révélé une différence significative entre les groupes pour la combinaison des blocs 3 à 5, t(45) = 3.38, p = .002. Un effet d’interaction significatif a été détecté pour la RCEA des récidivistes de CCA versus celle des non-contrevenants, F(8,160)=2.33, p=.02, état carré =.10. Conclusion : Les récidivistes de CCA performent moins bien que les non-contrevenants à l’IGT. Ils persistent à prendre des décisions basées sur le potentiel de gains immédiats et négligent donc les risques de pertes. Ceci suggère qu’ils ont des déficits en matière de prise de décision, ce qui, en tant que groupe, les différencie des non-contrevenants. Une difficulté en matière de prise de décisions pourrait expliquer en partie le comportement impulsif fréquemment associé au récidivisme de CCA. Finalement, puisque les analyses de RCEA manquaient de puissance statistique, il est possible que de plus grands échantillons puissent permettre d’observer des différences entre les groupes de participants dans l’analyse de RCEA.
Objectives: Poor decision making in ambiguous high-risk situations, such as driving while impaired (DWI) by alcohol, may differentiate DWI recidivists from non-offenders. In this study, we test the hypothesis that DWI recidivists (R) will exhibit poorer decision-making performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and in line with the Somatic Marker Hypothesis, weaker anticipatory somatic activation (using skin conductance response as index) than non-offenders (C, comparison group). Methods: DWI recidivists and non-DWI control drivers were recruited, [R (n=23) and C (n=24), mean ages (± SD) 44.17(10.03) and 37.29 (10.60) years respectively]. Participant selection criteria included ≥ 18 years old and ≥2 DWI convictions for group R and 0 DWI convictions lifetime and a driver’s license for group C. The participants performed the IGT, a decision-making neurocognitive task containing 100 card selection trials that we divided into 5 blocks for analyses. A 2 (group) x 5 (blocks) repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare group R performance on the IGT versus group C, followed by post hoc independent t-tests on aggregated blocks 1-2 (decision under ambiguity) & 3-5 (decision under high risk) to identify the source of group X block significant interactions. Two 3 (group) x 5 (blocks) repeated measures ANOVAs (for good decks and for bad decks) were used to compare the aSCR of groups C and R. Results: ANOVA repeated measures on blocks 1 to 5 produced a significant effect of group by block interaction F(1,45)=5.28, p=.03, partial ƞ2 =.11. Post hoc t-tests on aggregated blocks 3 to 5 were statistically significant, t(45) = 3.38, p = .002. A significant group x block interaction effect was found for good decks aSCR, F(8,160)=2.33, p=.02, partial ƞ2 =.10 . Conclusion: DWI recidivists performed more poorly than controls on the IGT, persistently making decisions based on potential immediate gains and neglecting associated loss risks and long-term outcome. This suggests they have reduced neurocognitive decision-making capacities distinguishable from the general population. While DWI recidivists’ behaviour appears as impulsive, these results suggest that their behaviour pattern involves decision-making difficulties. Larger sample sizes may be needed to detect a between-group effect in the aSCR analyses, as they were considerably underpowered.
Thomas G. Brown, Ph.D., co-directeur de recherche

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Hu, Zhan-Zhang, and 胡展彰. "The Deterioration of Driving Under the Influence － A Review of Driving Under the Influence on Criminal Code 2013." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62nf36.

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碩士
中原大學
財經法律研究所
103
In Taiwan, drunk driving has incurred criticism by public because of the penalty was so trifling a deterrent to drunk drivers’ behaviors. Drunk driving accident still happened often. So, Taiwanese Criminal Code §185-3 had started to adjust to suit Taiwanese public trend. To start with, this thesis introduced the amending process of Criminal Code §185-3, and discussed the reason why legislator what to adjust this regulation. Then, in order to criticize the adequacy of the new criminal code §185-3, this thesis distinguished the level of dangerous crime, subjective elements of illegal and aggravated resulting crime by the discussion of different theories. Through the debate of different perspectives, we find out that legislators used criminal penalty as a way to punish criminals was reasonable. But, if legislator could not understand the intrinsic character of drunk driving, they would not make a law which is suitable for the purpose of against drunk driving. Our criminal code not only would not control the intrinsic character of the crime of driving under the influence, but also lead to some problems to affect the existing criminal code. According to the statistic of the legal cases, we found that the average of criminal penalty now is so light and so different to the thought of aggravated crime. Besides, does it necessary to adjust the regulation by increasing the criminal penalty to prevent the drunk driving accidents? Or it just a amendment to respond people’s wishes. As a result, this thesis thought that legislators did not resolve those problems by this amendment as well as caused more disputations. In conclusion, this thesis tried to figure out the relative controversy of DUI by recognizing the dangerous crime, subjective elements of illegal and aggravated resulting crime. And discussing whether it needs to be regulate as a criminal penalty and the aggregated consequential offence by related research. Trying to find out a much proper definition to the crime of driving under the influence, and review currently aggravated process in practical process. Final, this thesis wants to provide a practical recommendation for future legislative amendment.

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32

Nurullah, Abu Sadat. "The prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving in Alberta." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1204.

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This study explored the current state of alcohol-impaired driving as well as the changes in alcohol-impaired driving over time among Albertans. Based on self-report data from the annual Alberta Surveys 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2009, this study also traced the shift in the impact of standard demographic factors on alcohol-impaired driving in the province. Furthermore, the study examined social influence in alcohol-impaired driving in a representative sample in Alberta. Results indicated that in the past 12 months, 4% of the respondents had driven a vehicle while impaired, and 6.1% of the respondents had been passengers in a vehicle driven by an impaired driver. Chi-square test indicated that male, single, employed, non-religious, and younger respondents were more likely to have driven while impaired. Logistic regression analyses showed that a one-unit increase in social influence was associated with 5.32 times greater odds of engaging in impaired driving (OR = 5.32, 95% CI = 3.069.24, p < .001), controlling for other variables in the model. Findings also showed that self-reported alcohol-impaired driving has decreased substantially over the years (10.6% in 1991, 8.4% in 1992, 7.2% in 1997, and 3.7% in 2009). However, there had been little changes in designated driving. In addition, there had been a shift in age-related impaired driving, i.e., people aged 55-65+ reported impaired driving more in 2009 (4.8%) compared to 1991 (2.0%) and 1992 (2.2%); while individuals aged 18-34 and 35-54 reported impaired driving less in 2009 (4.8% and 2.6%, respectively) compared to 1991 (12.7% and 13.0%, respectively). The policy implications of the findings are discussed.

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Chen, Jian-Tong, and 陳建同. "The Crime of Driving Under the Influence︰Disputes on the Drunk Driving Offense." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mbu5su.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
102
In recent years, the behavior of drunk driving has become the lambasting target in Taiwan. Under the constant agitation of public opinion,the provisions of the Criminal Code Article 185-3 began to corrected. However, the main content of amending the law is attempt to suppress such social issues through aggravating the punishment,and the addition of alcohol concentration value is making the general public to more likely to commit crimes. Therefore, even though some subtle adjustments were made, the crime of Driving Under the Influence （DUI）still remained controversial. By collecting and collating the related literature of Taiwan and Japan,this thesis is intended to use Drunk Driving Offense as a foundation, to discuss the disputes of the crime of DUI. Due to the provisions, the practical operation, the discussions of theory and the amending are all mostly refer to foreign legislation. Therefore, at the first, the author tried to analyze the crime of DUI by comparing the differences of jurisdiction between Taiwan and other countries, and those countries were Germany and Japan. And then the author tried to Identify the deficiencies of the Article 185-3 by the result of observing. As the result, the provisions associated with the crime of DUI in Taiwan is not complete enough. Thus even after amending the Article 185-3, that still remains many problems. However, it also presented the characteristic of modern criminal law, "The Symbolic Legislations". In order to respond to the needs of solving social problems quickly, the government select the criminal legislation to control various risks, which is originally supposed to be a " Ultima Ratio ". The government attempts to use the punishment for offender to make the people feel at ease, but it also undermines the principles of criminal law at the same time. With society continues to progress, the author intended to find a balance, which meant to be a direction of the interpretation of specific provisions of the criminal law. In this connection, in addition to reiterate "the Protection of the Legal Interests", we must emphasize "the function of protection of human rights" of criminal Law in order to avoid punishment abuse. Follow the interpretation strategy, the author tried to reveal the ambiguities regarding to Article 185-3, and providing an adequate answer to resolve those disputes on the crime of DUI, especially drunken driving offense. Furthermore, the author turn to review of the existing criminal policy against drunk driving, which tend to take heavy penalty. The last, provided the practical recommendations for legislation amendment.

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Li-hua, Sheu, and 許麗花. "The Empirical Research of Criminal Sentencing on Driving under the Influence (DUI) in Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49x223.

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碩士
國立中正大學
犯罪防治研究所
103
This thesis is trying to focus on the angle in sentencing to comprehend the momentous issue in our society, which is “Driving under the influence”. The goal of this study is discussing what the scales and principles the Judges to base on or refer to through the trial and hearing. Simultaneously, comparing the sentencing in every countries’ law system and the situation in Taiwan’s practical region, also checking whether there’s any difference around the period of the amend legislature. The research methods are literature review, questionnaire survey and verdicts analysis. The amount recovery of questionnaires are 71, the subjects are the judge’s assistant in district courts of middle Taiwan. The verdicts are from the all district courts about the criminal cases of driving under the influence (DUI) after the amending in June, 2013. , including death results and aggravated injury results, the amount number of verdicts are 125 as the main analyzing data in the study. The research results are as following: (1) the cases of driving under the influence reduced after the amending; (2) still need to develop the sentencing system and to operate and modify the related laws; (3) the tendency of the sentencing are still flat and inconsistent. The limitations of the research are lack of the statistics and the subjects are not completeness. In conclusion, there are 4 suggestions in the study: (1) to set up a dedicated and legalize sentencing research council; (2) to continue developing the sentencing informational system; (3) to do more empirical researches of the sentencing; (4) to accelerate the reform of the Criminal Procedure Code and other laws.

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HSU, MING-YAO, and 許明耀. "A Study on the Factors of Police Officers' Driving Under the Influence and Prevention Strategies." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v87ebe.

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博士
國立中正大學
犯罪防治研究所
106
The Confucian Analects put forth that “Lead through policies, discipline through punishments, people may be restrained but without a sense of shame." In recent years, as the public demands severe punishment for drunk drivers, law enforcement officials have also worked to prevent police officers from drunk driving to maintain the credibility of law enforcement. However, current policies mainly focus on increasing the severity of penalties through various regulations to deter police officers from drinking and driving. Nonetheless, the initial deterrent effect waned quickly and officers attempt to avoid punishment with tricks such as hit-and-runs, abandoning a car and hiding, and refusing to take a blood alcohol test. Therefore, punishment is not a panacea, and we should seek alternative means to deterrence. To investigate the factors contributing to police officers’ drunk driving, data was collected from a large police department, located in a municipality with various zoning developments and complex social environment. Based on internal data, there were 242 cases involving officers' excessive drinking or drunk-driving behaviors from 2007 to 2015. The current study follows a rational choice model and examines the explanatory power of factors that belong to the following three dimensions: personal demographic characteristics, organizational factors, and situational factors. In addition to a frequency analysis and chi-square test, logistic regression was also used to assess the effects of the above factors in predicting police officers’ drunk-driving behavior. In-depth interviews were also conducted with eight police officers, among which four of them had driven after drinking and the other four had never committed drunk-driving in the past (despite their frequent drinking habits) to understand their decision-making processes. Interviews focused on elucidating their thought processes and rationale behind their respective decisions regarding whether or not to drive after drinking. In addition, six scholars, experts, and police management personnel were invited to a panel to discuss the results from the secondary data analysis and interview results. Based on the available qualitative and quantitative data, they also provided insights on possible preventive measures for future development and policy recommendations. This study found that police officers’ drunk-driving behavior could be explained by the rational choice theory. More explicitly, the choice to drink and drive was often based on previous experience, risk calculations, and the mentality that they could get away with the law. The logistic regression model based on the rational choice framework had a reasonably well model fit. In addition to a high blood alcohol concentration, there were other factors such as marital status, breach records, complexity of the police station they worked at, year-end performance evaluation, and on leave time were determined to be statistically significant in predicting officers' likelihood of engaging in drunk-driving behavior. Across all three dimensions, the situational factors had the most significant impact. Although current regulations based on deterrence that have been implemented by police stations are generally effective, deterrence must shock the hearts of all colleagues to achieve the general prevention. Toward this end, perpetrators may be handled by their own department based on individual conditions to achieve the best special prevention effect. In addition, policies that reinforcing abstention rather than punishing the violation might have a better impact on some officers' subsequent behaviors. Alternatively, prevention strategies that rely on informal social control mechanism, or diverse educational activities emphasizing morality could also help police officers further exercise self-control. Finally, people-oriented prevention strategies have to be complemented with situational prevention tactics in order to effectively prevent the DUI of police officers.

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Peng, Yun-Chia, and 彭韻嘉. "The Crime of Driving Under the Influence︰From the Perspectives of the Comparative Law on the Drunk Driving Offense in Cross-Strait." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/996q4x.

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碩士
中國文化大學
法律學系
103
After the industrial revolution, the invention of the steam locomotive brought many human convenience, and then also the ensuing traffic safety issues. In recent years, cross-strait drunk driving deaths and injuries caused by the occurrence of frequent accidents, the relevant norms of Botox is worthy of further exploration, as well as the related controversy itself how to get out of trouble norms, Nobu motivation of this study. 　 This paper is divided into five chapters, the first chapter: The full text of the motivation to study, research purposes, research methods, scope and structure as described in this article. Chapter II and Chapter III, and the criminal investigation of the legal norms of the Chinese mainland drink driving. The fourth chapter of comparative legal analysis on both sides of drunk driving: the two sides are in the administrative penalty and punishment for specification, comparison and analysis of the existing system and controversy, made the same with the two existing legal provisions related to disputes and differences between, Finally were present on both sides of the re-adoption of the next policy to China in recent years of drinking and driving accident statistics to explore the validity of the implementation of the new law. Chapter V, Conclusions and Recommendations: Summary view of the article, and proposed updated legal punishment, punishment forbidden proposals to expand the scope of application and other supporting measures it.

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CHEN, TSUNG KUN, and 陳宗坤. "The influence studies of joint distribution to tunnel stability under tunnel driving axis parallel joint strike." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93671950759953356371.

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Chen, Tsung Kun, and 陳宗坤. "The influence studies of joint distribution to tunnel stability under tunnel driving axis parallel joint strike." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41044782641576709334.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程技術學系
84
In general , during tunnels always encounter joints duringr the rock exacvations . The empirical method is based on rock mass classification RMR is one of most popular method to evaluate the sixth parameter of RMR , namely the influence ratings of strike and dip orientation of discontinuities , is based on the studies of RSR which was developed by Wickham . The sixth parameter does not consider the influence of tunnel shape , joint spacing , joint location . As for the evaluation of "favorable" or "unfavorable" is not clearly defined .In order to understand the joint understand the joint influence on tunnelling stability , a code UDEC was used to analyze the displacement and fracture zone around the tunnel in the research . The influence of excavation shape , joint spacing , joint orientation on tunnel stability are discussed .

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39

Lu, Yi-Fen, and 呂宜芬. "An Empirical Study of Suspended Prosecution and Restorative Justice Practicing Procedure--Focusing on Sentence DUI(Driving Under the Influence)." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42671928293743016374.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
94
This research aims to apply the concept of restorative justice to discuss and examine whether current suspended prosecution for those who driving under influence claim any practical benefit of restorative justice spirit in Taiwan. It also attempts to develop a model useful for enhancing the operation of suspended prosecution. In this study, I performed focus groups in order to gather information on the attitude of front line suspended prosecution practitioners, namely the prosecuting attorneys and probation officers. In addition, a survey was conducted to defendants under suspended prosecution because of driving under influence with a self-developed questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to the district prosecutors office in Taoyuan、Hsinchu、Shilin and Banciao. In the end, 154 valid and effective questionnaires in total were collected and analyzed. The data is then analyzed through operating independent-samples t test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and the analysis of stepwise linear regression. The result comes out as follows: 1.The restorative effects of suspended prosecution are: positive responses in the degrees of satisfaction on the procedure and on result, the reconstruction of the sense of shame, and the degree of restoration. 2.There are highly-revealing correlations between the degree of satisfaction on procedure and demographic variables such as educational level, yearly income, and criminal record for those who in suspended prosecution. However, there is no significant correlation found between demographic variables and the degree of satisfaction. Above all, all types of practice benefits turn out to be positive among different personal characteristics. 3.There is no significant difference between the characteristics of criminal events and the restorative effect of suspended prosecution. 4.Both objective and subjective procedural variations show certain influences on the restorative effect of suspended prosecution 5.The restorative effect becomes more obvious in conditions when the defendants and victims were provided with the opportunities for sufficient dialogue and negotiation. Under this circumstance, the defendants hold relatively positive feelings toward the victims. 6.Significant correlations are only found between the acquittal 「for organization」and the reconstruction of the sense of shame. Moreover, in analyzing the performing community services, it can be noticed that both their undertaking responsibility and the family bond present positive tendencies, but the label effect, which the organization brings, is not certainly high. 7.Correlation analysis and stepwise linear regression show that most of the restorative effect for those who were subjected to suspended prosecution because of driving under influence revolves around procedural conditions. This analysis of survey questionnaires conclude that the restorative effect of suspended prosecution is highly related to operational procedure. The attitudes of the prosecuting attorneys shown during the suspended prosecution play a crucial role during the process. Consequently, it is suggested that there is a need to adjust the traditional impressions of judicial personnel as dignified and fierce and create a warmer judicial environment for mediation. Defendants who can be subjected to suspended prosecution should be treated with more care and concern to enhance their will and strength to turn over a new leaf. Suspended prosecution operated with the spirit of restorative justice is believed to be beneficial in creating a more peaceful and included society. Keyword：Restorative Justice、Suspended Prosecution、Driving Under the Influence.

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Kuo, Yin-Tzu, and 郭銀子. "A Study on The Legal Relationship of Taiwan’s Deferred Prosecution and Administrative Penalty Act Article 26 : Example of Driving under The Influence." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73984439405221122286.

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碩士
中原大學
財經法律研究所
98
In order to protect people, nation may adopt different ways to punish people. However, it should not neglect the protection of people's rights at the same time. As a result, " No Double Jeopardy Clause " appears. No Double Jeopardy Clause has been applied to the administrative penalty in Germany and Taiwan at present. The Administrative Penalty Act Article 26 in Taiwan specifically provides for No Double Jeopardy Clause and the concurrence of criminal sanction and administrative sanction. The Administrative Penalty Act Article 26Ⅰand Ⅱ prescribes when the criminal sanction and fines concur only the criminal sanction is punishable by nation; as for the criminal sanction and other types of administrative penalties concur, which is prescribed by provided (the Administrative Penalty Act Article 26Ⅰ), other types of administrative penalties are still punishable by nation. As the Administrative Penalty Act goes into effect, if one and single act constitutes simultaneously criminal offense or offenses as well as breach of duty under administrative law, it shall be punishable under the criminal law; however, that an administrative penalty may be imposed additionally if the act is punishable by any other type of administrative penalty because of the act. If the case is ruled to deferred prosecution by the prosecution after deliberating upon the criminal policy, the administrative organizations don’t realize how to dispose. Because the Administrative Penalty Act Article 26 doesn’t provide for the concurrence of deferred prosecution and administrative sanction explicitly. It results in much controversy. Although the Ministry of Justice invited Taiwan’s experts and scholars to discuss in 2005 and 2006, the author in this paper finds it still exists after sorting many rulings of driving under the influence from Feb 5 in 2008 to Feb 5 in 2009. Therefore, the article is to solve “the concurrence of deferred prosecution and fines” and “the concurrence of deferred prosecution and other types of administrative penalties”. It helps legislators understand the legal relationship of deferred Prosecution and Administrative Penalty Act Article 26.

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Micka, Martin. "Ohrožení pod vlivem návykové látky." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368482.

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EN: The misdemeanor of endangering under the influence of addictive substance is one of the most frequently occurring criminal offenses that the Czech society encounters. I have divided my thesis into nine chapters. The first chapter deals with elements of the criminal offense under the influence of addictive substance as divided by legal theory. The second chapter describes the issue of the unlawfulness of the deed. The third chapter deals with an analysis of qualifying circumstances that legislature provided in the second paragraph of the misdemeanor of endangerment under the influence of drugs. The fourth chapter describes the issue and the conditions of participation of persons other than the principal perpetrator of the deed. The sixth chapter deals with the most common criminal offenses that occur along with the abovementioned misdemeanor. The seventh chapter is devoted to the new phenomenon of proving a condition that excludes competence in cases of influencing other addictive substance. In the eighth chapter I focus on the issue of showing of various types of sentences with regard to current practice in relation to sentencing for the deed in question under Section 274 of the Criminal Code. The ninth chapter describes various forms of so-called special methods of proceedings which are used in the...

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Driving under influence of Alcohol'

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