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Academic literature on the topic 'Drogues – Trafic – Afrique occidentale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Drogues – Trafic – Afrique occidentale"
Araújo, Roberto. "Trafic de drogues, économies illicites et société en Amazonie occidentale." Revue internationale des sciences sociales 169, no. 3 (2001): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riss.169.0493.
Full textPerras, Chantal. "Les drogues et le continent africain dans le contexte de la mondialisation." Drogues, santé et société 15, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037783ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Drogues – Trafic – Afrique occidentale"
Brun, Jean-François. "La lutte contre le trafic de cocaïne dans les Caraïbes et en Afrique de l'Ouest : un enjeu européen." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0395/document.
Full textThe EU must provide solutions to major security challenges mainly the one related to drugs viewed in all its dimensions. If in 2018, canabis remains the most used drug on the old Continent with 17,2 million users, cocaïne takes second place with 2,3 million, nearly 2% of the population aged 15-34. While this drug is produced exclusively in Latin America from coca leaves, mainly in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru, its use has become popular in Europe with health consequences. Their, cocaïne traffickers have been able to product their supply channels in the contest of a globalized and ever changing drug market that benefits them fully. A very dynamic and flexible market which is all the more dangerous for countries on the road of cocaïne trafficking. West Africa and the Caribbean are two regions particularly affected by this phenomenon to the point of being considered as essentiel crossroads for the transit of white powder. As such the translation, at least partielly, between the Caribbean and West Africa in terms of drug trafficking reveals the extent to which networks are interconnected and able to adopt to the evolution of geopolitics on a global and sub global scale regions, to take advantage if the specificities of the States, but also their weaknesses. The real challenge for the EU lies in the fact that the scale of cocaïne trafficking now based on a distribution of roles between the Caribbean and West Africa is a real danger for the old Continent and populations. The interest of the EU, even if its means of action end intervention are limited and more difficult to coordinate compared to those mobilized by the United States, is to deploy strategies to curb the phenomenon, by putting in place devices that stand out from the American model of repression
Carter, Raymond H. A. "Evolution et lutte contre la production, la consommation et le trafic des drogues en Afrique subsaharienne." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0058.
Full textLike other continents, Africa is hit by the scourge of narcotic drugs. Over the past two decades illicit trade in narcotics and psychotropic substances has kept increasing in the hands of international criminal organisations bent on promoting narcotic drugs as a "cultural element" throughout the world. For lack of domestic structures and inter-state cooperation, the subsaharan countries combine today all the "conditions" conducive to the development of such dreadful destabilisation factor. Hence a noticiable rise in drug addiction generating what might be termed a "pharmacodelinquancy" resulting from an illicit trafic covering local production of psychotropic substances and cannabis, transiting drugs (cocaine, heroine) and perversion of lawful trade (medicines), supplemented by recent attemps at growing opium poppies and even coca shrubs locally. Various means (international conventions and other judicial instruments) make it possible to start developing effective strategies against that baneful trend of which political spheres are not always conscious confronted as they are with day to day social and economic problems. Some institutions, however, are endeavouring to improve as best they can cooperation through better coordination. Unfortunately, such a policy seems to be suffering from conflicting laws and regulations that vary from one african state to the other, indeed a severe handicap when fighting has become a world-wide curse. What looks like a last chance battle is being engaged in against the three-pronged strategy of international criminal organisations (namely : 1) promoting drug-addiction from locally produced and transit narcotics, 2) developing papaver somniferum production, 3) creating on a global scale new narcotics sources (heroine) all of which otherwise may lead sooner or later to the isolation of africa
Diallo, Mamadou Yaya. "Les Nations Unies et la lutte contre la prolifération des armes légères et de petit calibre : défis, enjeux et perspectives." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMD003.
Full textAs the world came out of the cold war and a glimmer of hope for peace found hanging in international relations, Africa turns into a vicious civil war with the use of increasingly frequent use of weapons SALW. Despite this designation, these weapons have claimed more victims than the weapons of mass destruction and nuclear weapons. Given this situation, the United Nations will respond by appointing committees of experts to reflect on the fight against the proliferation of small arms. These Committees have filed reports that demonstrate the impact of small arms in the exacerbation and continuation of conflicts around the world and particularly in West Africa, where the complex dynamics of the traffic, traffic and the use of smaIl arms and light weapons mixes regional insecurity, violence, illegal acts, and criminal networks. In response to these reports, the United Nations convened the Conference on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects, in July 2001 to attract attention and lay the foundations for a process of international regulation the arms trade. From that conference emerged a Program of Action, which provided a framework for international regulation of procedures for the sale and transfer of weapons. In the wake of this program, West Africa will adopt a convention on small arms on 14 June 2006. This conference was a failure because, unlike the weapons of mass destruction that were the subject of an international, small arms are considered as goods for which the paradox of balancing business and morale. Howewer, new strategies to mitigate the effects of normative impasse on the regulation of procedures for the sale and transfer of small arms will be found safe in the prevention and structural conflicts, specifically in West Africa
Doumbia, El Hadji Thierno. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de la pollution atmosphérique en Afrique de l'Ouest et étude d'impact sur la santé." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1915/.
Full textThis thesis was a contribution to the CORUS-POLCA (French acronym for " POLlution des Capitales Africaines ") program with the aim to characterize particulate pollution on traffic sites of two West-African capitals (Bamako, Mali and Dakar, Senegal) and to study aerosol biological impacts on lung inflammation. Urban particulate pollution with levels much higher than WHO norms, are in the focus due to intense African traffic sources and domestic fires. In this context, fundamental research of this thesis is centred on the following key scientific questions: - What is the chemical speciation of aerosols by size classes for black carbon, organic carbon, inorganic species, and trace elements for the two sites of POLCA program ? - What is the toxicity of these combustion aerosols and the oxidative stress levels ? - What is the link between aerosol size differentiated composition and inflammation markers for each source ? - What is the link between aerosol exposure and aerosol dose within the respiratory tract ? To tackle these questions, samples obtained during the intensive campaigns in Bamako (January 2009) and Dakar (December 2009) have been chemically analyzed to obtain differentiated aerosol chemical composition within size classes. All these measurements are conducted to a well physico-chemical characterization of particles in addition to source contributing determination using multivariate models (PCA, PMF). This study has been coupled to in vitro biological studies on sampled aerosols on the two sites. Such coupled studies allow to further understand the complex relationship between emissions source/aerosols chemistry/size distributions and biological health impacts. Finally, in this study, the DEPCLUNG (DEPosition, Clearance, LUNG) model was developed to evaluate chemically/size exposures to aerosol particle size distributions and calculate their respective concentrations/doses in the different compartments (trachea, bronchial, bronchiolar, alveolar) of the human respiratory tract. The conjunction of three themes, namely characterization of the urban particulate pollution in West Africa and its sources, its toxicological impact and dose modeling in the respiratory tract results in the multidisciplinary innovative character of the thesis
Brocchi, Vanessa. "Caractérisation de sources de pollution troposphérique en régions méditerranéenne et ouest-africaine par mesures in situ en avion et modélisation." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2021/document.
Full textThe study of tropospheric pollution includes the study of trace gases coming from various anthropogenicsources that can impact scales ranging from local to global. To characterise this pollution, it is necessary tobe able to measure with precision pollutant concentrations. Within the frame of European projects, threeairborne campaigns in the Mediterranean Basin, in West Africa and in Malaysia were conducted to measuredifferent types of pollutants thanks to, among others, an infrared laser spectrometer, SPIRIT, able to rapidlymeasure on-line small variations in NO2 and CO. The data sets of these trace gases (and others) have beencombined with a Lagrangian model of particle dispersion, FLEXPART, to fingerprint different sources of localand regional air pollution. Thus, this thesis presents the measurements and the modelling work undertakenin order to define the sources of pollution of each region. It has been shown that the Mediterranean Basinwas impacted, in the mid to upper troposphere during summer, by biomass burning emissions coming fromSiberia and the Northern American continent. West African and Malaysian regions are also impacted bybiomass burning emissions transported from central Africa in the first case, and from local fires in thesecond. In addition, those regions are influenced by emissions coming from oil exploitation and maritimetraffic. FLEXPART was used in order to identify the origin of the pollution peaks measured during thecampaigns. It has been shown that atmospheric conditions, which define the injection height of the oilplatform plume, and also the emission flux are key parameters in the characterisation of the measurementsby the model
Coderre-Proulx, Mylène. "Incidence des politiques migratoires de l'Union européenne sur la gestion migratoire en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas de la politique étrangère espagnole au Sénégal." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5796/1/M13094.pdf.
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